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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human biology - Physical anthropology - Human evolution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Addison, Brian. "The biomechanics and evolution of impact resistance in human walking and running." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718734.

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How do humans generate and resist repetitive impact forces beneath the heel during walking and heel strike running? Due to the evolution of long day ranges and larger body sizes in the hominin lineage modern human hunter-gatherers must resist millions of high magnitude impact forces per foot per year. As such, impact forces may have been a selective pressure on many aspects of human morphology, including skeletal structure. This thesis therefore examines how humans generate impact forces under a variety of conditions and how variation in skeletal structure influences impact resistance. This t

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2

McGinsky, Elizabeth Ann. "Analyses of Sex Ratios among Residents of the Khumbu of Nepal Support the Trivers-Willard Hypothesis." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/120545.

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Anthropology<br>M.A.<br>The Trivers-Willard hypothesis predicts a sex ratio bias contingent on maternal condition in species characterized by variation in male reproductive success. A male-biased sex ratio among mothers in good condition, and a female-biased sex ratio among mothers in poor condition is expected. Studies in humans have thus far provided mixed answers to the question of whether or not sex ratio is affected by maternal condition. The present study assessed whether or not the introduction of a western cash economy influenced the observed secondary sex ratio in Nepal's Khumbu regio

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3

Wobber, Victoria Elizabeth. "Comparative Cognitive Development and Endocrinology in Pan and Homo." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10253.

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Key insights into the evolutionary origins of human social behavior can be gained via study of our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Despite being equally related to humans, these two species differ importantly in aspects of their morphology, physiology, behavior, and cognition. Morphological comparisons reveal numerous traits in bonobos that can be viewed as paedomorphic, or juvenile, relative to chimpanzees. Meanwhile, comparisons of endocrinology in the two species suggest that aspects of steroid physiology have changed significantly in bono

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4

Tillquist, Christopher. "Voyages of the Vikings: Human haploid variation in northern Europe." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279948.

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Europe is a region characterized by a long history of both settlement and resettlement. This study uses information from the haploid systems of the human genome in order to investigate the presence of population structure in Europe and discuss the mitigating effects of shared population history and the impact of evolutionary forces. By means of two kinds of data from the Y chromosome, the study first establishes patterns of diversity across the entirety of Europe. More in-depth analyses investigate the evolutionary effects of settlement and colonization on overall genetic diversity of populati

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5

Brown, Elizabeth Anne. "Metabolic Adaptations in Modern Human Populations: Evidence, Theory, and Investigation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463979.

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Diverse climates, infectious agents, and subsistence patterns drove humans to adapt metabolically to different environments since the migration out of Africa 100,000 years ago. In this dissertation, I review current literature on the genetic underpinnings, and the molecular and physiological manifestations of these metabolic adaptations in diverse human populations. Then, I develop a theory regarding pregnancy as a critical period in life history that mediated recent selection on human metabolism. Finally, I investigate the function and evidence for selection of derived genetic variants at inc

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6

Kleckner, Jon Geoffrey. "A multivariate test of evolutionary stasis in Homo sapiens." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3871.

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In the past, efforts to prove or disprove stasis in hominids have relied upon univariate tests such as Students's t-test. Severe methodological and interpretive problems arise from the misapplication of univariate statistics to questions concerning variation in shape through time. These are questions best addressed using the multivariate approach of morphometrics. Eighteen cranial dimensions drawn from 33 mid and late Pleistocene Homo sapiens were examined using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA divided the sample into two distinct morphologies. Archaic Homo sapiens of the mid Pleistocen

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7

Kempf, Erica N. "The Reflection of an Ape." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1163975618.

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8

Ruth, Aidan Alifair. "The influence of posture and brain size on foramen magnum position in bats." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1270059009.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2010.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 28, 2010). Advisor: C. Owen Lovejoy. Keywords: foramen magnum; human evolution; locomotion; bats. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-42).

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9

Miller, E. Elizabeth. "The Effect of Natural Running on Human Foot Strength." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353087830.

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10

Heitkamp, Lauren. "The Role of the Gluteus Maximus on Trunk Stability in Human Endurance Running." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460446576.

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11

Huxley, Angie Kay 1963. "Estimation of antemortem body weight from the talus." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291472.

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Estimation of antemortem body weight is difficult to ascertain from skeletal material. In this analysis, I examine 49 right tali. T-tests run on right and left tali from the same sample show no significant differences between the two sides. Incorporation of data from various individuals, including both males and females, allows for the statistical assessment obtained through Pearson's correlation coefficient between estimated antemortem body weight and 21 measurements conducted on the surface of the talus. All correlations ranged from R = -.1706 to +.4811, suggesting no strong relationship bet

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12

Roach, Neil. "The Biomechanics and Evolution of High-Speed Throwing." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10609.

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Throwing with power and accuracy is a uniquely human behavior and a potentially important mode of early hunting. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, do occasionally throw, although with much less velocity. At some point in our evolutionary history, hominins developed the ability to produce high performance throws. The anatomical changes that enable increased throwing ability are poorly understood and the antiquity of this behavior is unknown. In this thesis, I examine how anatomical shifts in the upper body known to occur during human evolution affect throwing performance. I propose a n

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13

Bradley, Hannah R. "Implications of Land Development on Nomadic Pastoralism: Ecological Relaxation and Biosocial Diversity in Human Populations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/68.

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Nomadic pastoralism is an ancient subsistence strategy, historically balanced and in continuity with sedentary societies. Sedentarization of nomads occurs normally because of ecological disasters, economic opportunities, urbanization, and government policy. In this paper, I examine the effect of changing land use patterns on nomadic pastoral populations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, using biogeographic methodology to further explore the contemporary relationship between humans and their environments. Nomadic population information gleaned from diverse ethnographic studies, and GIS data

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14

Fox, Maria. "Neandertal Lumbopelvic Anatomy and the Biomechanical Effects of a Reduced Lumbar Lordosis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378109007.

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15

Gavrus, Ion Alina. "Interacciones y patrones evolutivos de los caracteres de historia de vida en humanos. Influencia de los factores sociales y culturales sobre el patrón reproductivo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673461.

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En nuestra especie, los hombres y las mujeres presentan un patrón reproductivo diferenciado: los hombres retienen el potencial reproductivo hasta edades avanzadas, mientras que las mujeres ven restringida su vida reproductiva por la menarquia y la menopausia. Los caracteres de historia de vida (LHT, del inglés Life History Traits) son aquellos caracteres relacionados con la supervivencia y la reproducción, tales como la longevidad, el período reproductivo, el número de hijos y su supervivencia. Estos caracteres están determinados por la selección sexual y están relacionados con diferentes fact

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16

Zimmerman, Allison M. "Comparative Digital Examination of the Talocrural (ankle) Joint Provides Insight into Human bipedal locomotion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365158588.

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17

Schlecht, Stephen Harold. "A Histomorphometric Analysis of Muscular Insertion Regions: Understanding Enthesis Etiology." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328985192.

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18

Kolatorowicz, Adam. "Patterns of Morphological Integration in Modern Human Crania: Evaluating Hypotheses of Modularity using Geometric Morphometrics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429881785.

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19

Carmody, Rachel Naomi. "Energetic Consequences of Thermal and Non-Thermal Food Processing." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10608.

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All human societies process their food extensively by thermal and non-thermal means. This feature distinguishes us from other species, and may even be compulsory given that humans are biologically committed to an energy-rich diet that is easy to chew and digest. Yet the energetic consequences of food processing remain largely unknown. This dissertation tests the fundamental hypothesis that thermal and non-thermal processing lead to biologically relevant increases in energy gain from protein-rich meat and starch-rich tubers, two major caloric resources for modern and ancestral humans that prese

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20

Ruth, Aidan A. "COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES IN PRIMATES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492702743943168.

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21

Masters, Michael Paul. "Modern Variation and Evolutionary Change in the Hominin Eye Orbit." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229024187.

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22

Lauria, Gabriele. "The Human Biodiversity in the Middle of the Mediterranean. Study of native and settlers populations on the Sicilian context." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/159789.

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[IT] Negli ultimi 200.000 anni, la specie umana si è diffusa in tutta la Terra, adattando la sua morfologia e fisiologia a un'ampia gamma di habitat. Lo scheletro umano ha quindi registrato i principali effetti ambientali e di conseguenza i reperti scheletrici assumono grande importanza nell'indagine dei processi evolutivi. Oggi le moderne tecniche di indagini quantitative delle principali caratteristiche morfologiche consentono di metterle in relazione con la variabilità genetica. La posizione geografica della Sicilia, l'isolamento e la sua lunga e dinamica storia di colonizzazione (diversi e

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23

Waller, Michel Tyler 1973. "The ranging behavior of bonobos in the Lomako Forest." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11648.

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xvii, 149 p. : ill. (some col.), maps<br>The ranging behavior of an animal can reveal much about the social and ecological conditions it faces. Food availability, feeding competition, population pressures, metabolic requirements and human influences can all influence the ranging behavior of individuals. For modern humans, the manner in which we move about our world is limited only by access to technology and other cultural factors. Of course, it has not always been that way. Based on recent fossil discoveries, our earliest bipedal ancestors more closely resembled the living great apes in morph

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24

Kreierhoff, Jennifer Lynn. "Knuckle-Walking Signatures in Hominoid Scapulae." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1395266783.

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25

Arroyo, Juan Pablo. "Exploring Potential Risk Factors of Fetal Origins of Diabetes| Maternal Stressors during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes among Women in a Hospital in the Municipality of Caguas, Puerto Rico." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543402.

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<p> Puerto Rico has the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes, low birth-weight, and the second highest prevalence of preterm-birth in all the U.S. and its non-incorporated territories. These conditions are related. Birth-weight at both ends of the spectrum and preterm-birth are associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and immune-inflammatory dysregulations. Maternal psychosocial stressors during pregnancy have also been recognized as potential risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and have been consistently associated with preterm-birth and low birth-weight across populati

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26

Margolis, Julie Anna. "Tetracycline Labeled Bone Content Analysis of Ancient Nubian Remains from Kulubnarti." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429808453.

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27

Weber, Annalisa D. "Rule-Adherence Within the Mountain Gorilla Tourism Industry." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431016645.

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28

"Where Did You Come From? Where Will You Go? Human Evolutionary Biology Education and American Students' Academic Interests and Achievements, Professional Goals, and Socioscientific Decision-making." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25049.

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abstract: In the United States, there is a national agenda to increase the number of qualified science, technology, engineering, and maths (STEM) professionals and a movement to promote science literacy among the general public. This project explores the association between formal human evolutionary biology education (HEB) and high school science class enrollment, academic achievement, interest in a STEM degree program, motivation to pursue a STEM career, and socioscientific decision–making for a sample of students enrolled full–time at Arizona State University. Given a lack of a p

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29

Laudicina, Natalie Marie. "Comparative primate birth mechanics and the evolution of human childbirth." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37087.

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Modern humans have large, encephalized neonates, delivered through an anteroposteriorly narrow maternal pelvis constrained by adaptation to bipedality. As a result, human birth is unusually laborious, difficult, and dangerous. The evolutionary background for these difficulties is unclear. Previous comparative studies of nonhuman primates have focused on the pelvic inlet, which is a region of constraint in humans but not in other primates. Therefore, the true obstetric constraints in other species remain unknown. This dissertation documents and quantifies human and other primate birth-cana

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30

Delisle, Richard G. "The field of human evolution within evolutionary biology and anthropology: historical and epistemological analyses since inception." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13099.

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31

Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. "Patterns of affiliation and co-operation in howler monkeys : an alternative model to explain social organization in non-human primates /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290280.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4757. Adviser: Paul A. Garber. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 317-355) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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32

Mitchell, Chanika. "Exhibiting Human Evolution: How Identity and Ideology Get Factored into Displays at a Natural History Museum." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/510.

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This paper focuses on how identity and racial ideology are factored into displays in the exhibit, Fossil Fragments: The Riddle of Human Origins, at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. I used visitor questionnaires, observations, exhibition construction and curatorial interviews to examine that the concept of race is so ingrained in our society racial ideology and identity is automatically embedded in exhibits about human evolution. How may the exhibition inform the visitors’ perception of race and human evolution? A key aspect investigated was if the curatorial staff was conscious o

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33

Damann, Franklin Edward. "Human Decomposition Ecology at the University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/875.

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The University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility (ARF) is well known for its unique history as a site of human decomposition research in a natural environment. It has been integral to our understanding of the processes of human decomposition. Over the last 30 years 1,089 bodies have decomposed at this 1.28 acre facility, producing a density of 850 corpses per acre of land. This project evaluated the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the soil exposed to various levels of human decomposition in order to determine the effect on the physicochemical properties and the indigenous bacte

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34

Doyle, Sara Kathleen. "Scaling Patterns and Ecological Correlates of Postcranial Skeletal Robusticity in Canis and Ursus: Implications for Human Evolution." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1602.

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<p>There has been a trend toward decreasing skeletal robusticity in the genus Homo throughout the Pleistocene, culminating in the gracile postcrania of living modern humans. This change is typically attributed to changing tool technologies and subsistence patterns among human groups. However, other mammalian groups also experience a similar change in their postcranial strength over the same time period. It is proposed in this dissertation that ecological variables are correlated with measures of postcranial strength and may be a better explanation for Holocene skeletal gracilization in huma

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35

Christie, Peter Webb. "Mathematical representation and analysis of articular surfaces: application to the functional anatomy and palaeo-anthropology of the ankle joint." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22532.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy<br>This thesis is a study of quantifiable variation in the geometric shape of the superior articular surface of the talus of higher primates, with special reference to fossil tali of Plio- Pleistocene hominids. (Abbreviation abstract )<br>AC2017

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36

MacLean, Evan. "What Makes Our Minds Human? Comparative Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Cognition." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5410.

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<p>What makes our minds human? How did they evolve to be this way? This dissertation presents data from two complementary lines of research driven by these orienting questions. The first of these explores the `what' of human cognitive evolution through comparative studies with chimpanzees and bonobos. The general aim of these studies is to understand which aspects of cognition are unique to humans, and which are shared with our closest living relatives. Chapters 2-3 test the hypothesis that humans have unique cognitive skills for reasoning about the attention of other individuals (theory

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37

"Primate Skeletal Epigenetics: Evolutionary Implications of DNA Methylation Patterns in the Skeletal Tissues of Human and Nonhuman Primates." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45045.

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abstract: Within the primate lineage, skeletal traits that contribute to inter-specific anatomical variation and enable varied niche occupations and forms of locomotion are often described as the result of environmental adaptations. However, skeletal phenotypes are more accurately defined as complex traits, and environmental, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation which regulates gene expression, all contribute to these phenotypes. Nevertheless, skeletal complexity in relation to epigenetic variation has not been assessed across the primate order. In order to gain a comple

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38

Driscoll, Kathryn R. D. "Secular Change of the Modern Human Bony Pelvis: Examining Morphology in the United States using Metrics and Geometric Morphometry." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/688.

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The human bony pelvis has evolved into its current form through competing selective forces. Bipedalism and parturition of large headed babies resulted in a form that is a complex compromise. While the morphology of the human pelvis has been extensively studied, the changes that have occurred since the adoption of the modern form, the secular changes that continue to alter the size and shape of the pelvis, have not received nearly as much attention. This research aims to examine the changes that have altered the morphology of the human bony pelvic girdle of individuals in the United States b

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39

Matarazzo, Stacey Ann. "Knuckle-walking signal in the manual phalanges and metacarpals of the great apes (Pan and Gorilla)." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3589089.

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The "Knuckle-walking Hominin Hypothesis" postulates that there was a knuckle-walking phase during the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. To address this question, previous research has focused on the search for a "signal" within the wrist, and metacarpals of extant knuckle walkers that can be used to infer this locomotor pattern in extinct hominins. To date, the examined features have not yielded a clear, non-contested signal. I explore the Knuckle-walking Hominin Hypothesis in two ways: 1. by examining the hand postures and the manual pressure application of Pan and Gorilla during

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40

"Morphological Integration and the Anthropoid Dentition." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14439.

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abstract: The pattern and strength of genetic covariation is shaped by selection so that it is strong among functionally related characters and weak among functionally unrelated characters. Genetic covariation is expressed as phenotypic covariation within species and acts as a constraint on evolution by limiting the ability of linked characters to evolve independently of one another. Such linked characters are "constrained" and are expected to express covariation both within and among species. In this study, the pattern and magnitude of covariation among aspects of dental size and shape are in

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41

Tan, Jingzhi. "The Origin of Prosociality Toward Strangers." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8017.

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<p>Humans are champions of prosociality. Across different cultures and early in life, humans routinely engage in prosocial behaviors that benefit others. Perhaps most strikingly, humans are even prosocial toward strangers (i.e. xenophilic). This is an evolutionary puzzle because it cannot be explained by kinship theory, reciprocal altruism or reputation. The parochialism hypothesis proposes that this extreme prosociality is unique to humans, is motivated by unselfish motivation and evolved through group selection made possible by human culture and warfare. The first impression hypothesis, on t

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