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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human body – Fiction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Human body – Fiction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human body – Fiction"

1

Douglass, Robin. "The Body Politic “is a fictitious body”." Hobbes Studies 27, no. 2 (September 8, 2014): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-02702005.

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Thomas Hobbes once wrote that the body politic “is a fictitious body”, thereby contrasting it with a natural body. In this essay I argue that a central purpose of Hobbes’s political philosophy was to cast the fiction of the body politic upon the imaginations of his readers. I elucidate the role of the imagination in Hobbes’s account of human nature, before examining two ways in which his political philosophy sought to transform the imaginations of his audience. The first involved effacing the false ideas that led to sedition by enlightening men from the kingdom of spiritual darkness. I thus advance an interpretation of Hobbes’s eschatology focused upon his attempt to dislodge certain theological conceptions from the minds of men. The second involved replacing this religious imagery with the fiction of the body politic and the image of the mortal God, which, I argue, Hobbes developed in order to transform the way that men conceive of their relationship with the commonwealth. I conclude by adumbrating the implications of my reading for Hobbes’s social contract theory and showing why the covenant that generates the commonwealth is best understood as imaginary.

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Latham, Clara. "The Sound Machine in the Body." Resonance 2, no. 4 (2021): 559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2021.2.4.559.

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What happens when music, which is historically understood to be an inherently human activity, joins with cybernetics, which claims to fold the human into the machine? I explore this question through a case study of the theremin, focusing on both the instrument’s initial cultural reception circa 1930 and its reappearance two decades later in Hollywood’s “Golden Age of Science Fiction” films, a period in which the theremin’s warbling soprano came to signify otherworldly presence. The theremin’s coupling of embodied performance and electronic manifestation of sound encapsulates the cybernetic relationship between matter and information. Like the phonograph and the radio that preceded it, the theremin conjured music and sound from an inanimate object, but in this case a human performer was directly involved. While the instrument appeared invisible to audiences, descriptions of it collapsed the machine into the body of the performer herself. Audiences understood that the resulting sound corresponded to the performer’s movements, which implied a translation from human movement to electronic sound. In this article, I will first explore the ways in which the theremin posed problems for humanistic assumptions around music. I will then explore how the theremin came into contact with cybernetic ideas in post-World War II American popular culture, through its role in science fiction films.

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Yu, Le. "Body and Power: Study of Body Politics in The Power." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 12, no. 06 (June 3, 2024): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2024.v12i06.001.

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British science fiction writer Naomi Alderman's seminal work The Power constructs a thought experiment on how divergent bodies influence power structures. In a cybernetic world arising from genetic mutations of women, the body, imbued with symbolic attributes, becomes a tool for achieving liberation and equality. This paper aims to employ close textual analysis, drawing on Nietzsche's phenomenology and Wilhelm Reich's political psychology, to explore the intrinsic connection and dialectical relationship between the body and power. The body, as a tangible entity, a locus of strength, and an embodiment of life, forms the solid foundation of power, serving as a potent driving force for its development and its primal origin. Simultaneously, the body undergoes transformations under authority and contributes to the reproduction of social structures. Power itself harbors profound conflicts of force, thus inevitably sparking continuous and intense struggles as long as the will to power exists. The Power, as a cybernetic-themed speculative fiction, offers new possibilities for power dynamics, reflecting Alderman's imagination on constructing the human destiny community.

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Mann, Rachel, and Michael Gavin. "Distant Reading the Body, 1640–1699." Review of English Studies 70, no. 296 (January 14, 2019): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgy114.

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Abstract This paper analyses seventeenth-century discourse of the human body over the Early English Books Online full-text corpus. Anatomy and medicine depict the body as a physiological object, knowable mainly through its parts and processes. Fiction and poetry tend to represent the body as a social entity, knowable primarily through intersubjective action and ethical ideals. In both contexts, bodies are perceived and described through close attention to their parts, but when bodies are conceived as such, they are described as abstract entities that organize the whole. This distinction is difficult to see at the level of close reading but unmistakable at larger scale. Deep conceptual structures at work underneath both anatomy and fiction, we argue, underlie a conception of the body that informs more particularized notions of mobility, sociality, and physicality.

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Parfit, Derek. "We Are Not Human Beings." Philosophy 87, no. 1 (January 2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819111000520.

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We can start with some science fiction. Here on Earth, I enter the Teletransporter. When I press some button, a machine destroys my body, while recording the exact states of all my cells. This information is sent by radio to Mars, where another machine makes, out of organic materials, a perfect copy of my body. The person who wakes up on Mars seems to remember living my life up to the moment when I pressed the button, and is in every other way just like me.

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Saprykina, Elena Yu. "Humanized Artificial Body in the 20th Century Italian Literature." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 3 (2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-3-186-199.

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In various epochs, science fiction writers shared an interest in problems related to the humanization of an artificial body and the process of human interaction with a man’s own creation. In the 20th century Italian literature, in particular, this theme emerged already at the dawn of the century (e.g. а futuristic novel by F.T. Marinetti) and was present up until the beginning of the current “age of artificial intelligence.” Fantastic plots of several short stories and novellas by D. Buzzati and T. Landolfi, written in the 1950s and 60s, depicted ambivalent perception of the technogenic civilization and its novelties by the modern cultural consciousness. On the one hand, these works reflected the turning of the machine into an indispensable attribute of the social status of the modern human, the guarant of her private life success and mental health. On the other hand, in science fiction, there is a clear tendency to dramatize the problems and difficulties that the technological age set for a human — in particular, the problem of preserving the privilege of the human consciousness over the increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence of the machine.

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Žiūraitė-Pupelė, Justina. "Dirbtinis intelektas moterišku kūnu filmuose Ex Machina ir Ji." Athena: filosofijos studijos 16 (December 30, 2021): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53631/athena.2021.16.5.

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The article explores how artificial intelligence is constructed in a female body and showcases the boundaries between human and technological traits, as well as the relationship between human beings and technology. The article defines the notion of artificial intelligence and discusses how artificial intelligence is portrayed in science fiction films. The article does not attempt to provide new theoretical insights into artificial intelligence but, instead, to show how artificial intelligence is characterised in the context of modern science fiction films. Two contemporary science fiction films, which focus on the artificial intelligence in the female body, are analysed: Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014) and Spike Jonze’s Her (2013). The analysis of the films showcases the blurred lines between being a human and being a robot: AI in the female body is portrayed as having adequate cognitive abilities and an ability to experience or to realistically imitate various mental states. The AI embodiment found in the films explores different narratives: the anthropomorphic body (Ex Machina) motivates to get to know the world and thus expands one’s experience, while the partial embodiment (Her) “programs” intellectual actions and development beyond the human body. Ex Machina highlights the anti-humanity of the female robot: another (human) life is devalued in order to pursue a goal. On the contrary, Her highlights the hyper-humanity of the operating system: continuous improvements exceed the boundaries of communication with other people.

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Weston, Natasha Lyle. "Whose city? (De)colonising the bodies of speculative fiction in Lauren Beukes's Zoo City." Image & Text, no. 37 (November 1, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2617-3255/2023/n37a34.

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This article explores the (de)colonisation of the body and body boundaries in contemporary South African speculative fiction, paying particular attention to award-wining author, Lauren Beukes's, second novel, Zoo City (2010). I will apply Lara Cox's (2018:317) argument that 'Haraway's cyborg resembles the liminal view of identity presented by queer theory, which seeks to blur strict divisions between sexual and gender categories, dissolving binary oppositions such as woman/man and heterosexual/homosexual', to my reading of Zoo City. By centring the novel around Zinzi December, a resident of 'Zoo City' (the marginalised underbelly of Johannesburg), and situating the novel in the cradle of humankind, Beukes reacts against South Africa's colonial history and its colonisation of the body by blurring the animal-human boundary and challenging the colonial construct of body binaries. The novel can be read as a decolonial feminist text as it re-writes South Africa's apartheid history and critiques its division, separation and bodily segregation. Furthermore, I explore how fictional bodies are imagined and constructed in the text; I ask what kinds of boundary-breaking bodies predominate; and consider their thematic, narrative, and political significance in the postapartheid imaginary in relation to speculative fiction. I examine how new boundaries (particularly between 'normative' society and 'Zoo City') are formulated. Zoo City pulls into focus Kristeva's (1982) notion of the abject body as a central to its concerns, while also bringing attention to Foucault's (1992) notion of the 'disciplined' body. It foregrounds questions about the formulation and destabilisation of identity, with a particular focus on the construction of female identity. This article builds on the critical literature on the dystopian post-apartheid state by examining Zoo City's depictions of marginalised people and its construction of the body and body boundaries, as well as by extending the examination of representations of the body in speculative fiction.

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Sey, J. "The terminator syndrome: Science fiction, cinema and contemporary culture." Literator 13, no. 3 (May 6, 1992): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v13i3.760.

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This paper examines the impact of contemporary technology on representations of the human body in American popular culture, focusing on James Cameron’s science fiction films The Terminator (1984) and The Terminator II - Judgment Day (1991) in both of which the key figures are cybernetic organisms (cyborgs) or a robot which can exactly imitate the human form . The paper argues that the ability of modern film technology’ to represent the human form in robotic guise undercuts the distinction between nature and culture which maintains the position of the human being in society. The ability of the robot or cyborg to be ‘polygendered’ in particular, undermines the position of a properly oedipalized human body in society, one which balances the instinctual life against the rule of cultural law. As a result the second Terminator film attempts a recuperation of the category of the human by an oedipalization of the terminator cyborg.

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Sey, J. "Psychoanalysis, science fiction and cyborgianism." Literator 17, no. 2 (April 30, 1996): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v17i2.607.

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Central to this paper is the understanding that much of crucial importance to psychoanalytic thought rests on a conception of the subject as inseparable from a history of the body a history in turn inseparable from the central tenets of Oedipus, in its turn a concept which originates in and is illustrated by literature. The paper will suggest that when recent cultural theorists, drawing on the implications of cybernetics and infoculture theory, contest the psychoanalytic notion of the subject, it is not surprising that they do so in terms of the possibility of an alternative body - a hybrid form of subjectivity between human and machine. Nor, the paper suggests, is it surprising that it should be science fiction, a genre with a long-standing concern with the possibility of such an amalgam, which supplies the key evidence for a post-oedipal theory of this "cyborg" subject. The paper concludes by speculating on the productivity of the conjunction between literature and thinking about the body, inasmuch as this conjunction attempts to establish a new anthropology of the self.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human body – Fiction"

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Leyburn, Boyd Harlan III. "The body in fantasy : how the human body informs science fiction set design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22980.

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Burner, Colleen. "Sister Golden Calf: Stories, Dissections, & A Novella." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2081.

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Children find decomposing bodies on a beach. A girl becomes a ghost and finds someone. A dog dies but its owner is out of his mind and eating waffles. Sheep are a perfect species. A woman experiences a pregnancy that is out of this world! A raccoon dies and you watch its body break down. A father does his best fathering. You take a textual road-trip tour of America’s oldest hobby. A trauma is slowed down, picked apart. A soupfin shark is dissected and you watch. A homestead becomesa ghost town in rural Oregon. Joseph Beuys is an artist. A sister falls in love with an object, has a difference of opinion with her sister.

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Deitering, Cynthia. "Waste sites rethinking nature, body, and home in American fiction since 1980 /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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4

James, Sarah J. "Not without my body : feminist science fiction and embodied futures." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14613.

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This study explores the interaction between feminist science fiction and feminist theory, focusing on the body and embodiment. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate that feminist science fiction novels of the 1990s offer an excellent platform for exploring the critical theories of the body put forward by Judith Butler in particular, and other feminist/queer theorists in general. The thesis opens with a brief history of science fiction's depiction of the body and feminist science fiction's subversions and rewritings of this, as well as an overview of Judith Butler's theories relating to the body and embodiment. It then considers a wide range of feminist science fiction novels from the 1990s, focusing on four key areas; bodies materialised outside patriarchal systems in women-only or women-ruled worlds, alien bodies, cyborg bodies and bodies in cyberspace. An in-depth analysis of the selected texts reveals that they have important contributions to make to the consideration of bodies as they develop and expand the issues raised by theorists such as Butler, Elisabeth Grosz, Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva.

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Grogan, Bridget Meredith. ""Abject dictatorship of the flesh" : corporeality in the fiction of Patrick White." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001554.

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Schaub, Kerstin [Verfasser], and Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Pordzik. "As Written in the Flesh. The Human Body as Medium of Cultural Identity and Memory in Fiction from New Zealand / Kerstin Schaub. Betreuer: Ralph Pordzik." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036367843/34.

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Austin, Norjuan Q. Coats Karen. "Getting out of childhood alive Lacan and the marked babies /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3106756.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.
Title from title page screen, viewed October 17, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Karen S. Coats (chair), Anita C. Tarr, Janice Neuleib. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-151) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Mower, Christine Leiren. "Wasting women, corporeal citizens : race and the making of the modern woman, 1870-1917 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9387.

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Vázquez-Medina, Olivia. "Cuerpo presente : imaginería corporal, representación histórica y textura narrativa en Yo el Supremo (1974), Noticias del Imperio (1987) y el General en su Laberinto (1989)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670014.

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Cykman, Avital Grubstein de. "My body, my self, and my reading of corporeality in Margaret Atwood's fiction." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123333.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 325622.pdf: 754266 bytes, checksum: b6764c8269323f2bbf6cd1ff7d4fe906 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
A literatura contemporânea escrita por mulheres demonstra como o contexto histórico e sociocultural em que as personagens femininas são construídas afeta a percepção que as personagens têm do corpo e do self. Romances como os de Margaret Atwood exploram a corporealidade, ou, em outras palavras, a experiência material, social, cultural do corpo feminino, incluindo o corpo físico, emocional e as funções mentais na interligação do corpo com o mundo. Considerando tal contexto, esta tese investiga conceitos relacionados com gênero, o desconforto do corpo feminino enraizado nas relações sociais e a experiência material do corpo nos romances escritos por Margaret Atwood, Cat?s Eye (1989) e Bodily Harm (1981). A pesquisa centra-se na articulação literária e nos temas principais dos problemas de ser mulher, na análise da relação entre o corpo biológico e o conceito cultural do corpo, na crítica das representações sociais das mulheres e na possibilidade de transformação individual e social. Ela oferece uma análise por meio da literatura, juntamente com um diálogo entre os textos analisados e trechos de escrita criativa produzidos pela pesquisadora, refletindo a postura pós-estruturalista que inclui o observador nos fenômenos observados e funcionando como uma ponte entre o analítico e o criativo, o acadêmico e o artístico, bem como entre outras dicotomias históricas.

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Books on the topic "Human body – Fiction"

1

Douglas, Slaymaker, ed. The body in postwar Japanese fiction. New York, N.Y: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

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2

Mayer, Gina. This is my body. New York: Golden Books, 1998.

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Mayer, Gina. This is my body. Racine, Wis: Western Pub. Co., 1993.

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University of Chicago. Renaissance Society., ed. The body. [Chicago]: The Society, 1991.

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Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago., ed. The body. Chicago: Renaissance Society, 1991.

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Hara, Yutaka. Kaiketsu Zorori taberareru!! Tōkyō: Popurasha, 2004.

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Foxx, Kylie. Wiggle and wave!: Bear's body game. New York: Simon Spotlight, 2001.

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Bauer, Marion Dane. If you had a nose like an elephant's trunk. New York: Holiday House, 2001.

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ill, Davis Nancy 1949, ed. My body. New York, NY: Scholastic, 2008.

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1959-, Chalyvopoulou Ephē, ed. Histories tou sōmatos: Body stories. Athēna: Athens Voice Books, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human body – Fiction"

1

Stratmann, H. G. "Microgravity and the Human Body." In Science and Fiction, 121–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_4.

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Stratmann, H. G. "Genetic Engineering: Tinkering with the Human Body." In Science and Fiction, 389–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_12.

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Stratmann, H. G. "How the Human Body Works: From Quarks to Cells." In Science and Fiction, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_1.

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Moran, Thomas. "The Perverse Utopianism of Willed Human Extinction: Writing Extinction in Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem (三体)." In Studies in Global Science Fiction, 119–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27893-9_6.

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Carrasco-Carrasco, Rocío. "The Vulnerable Posthuman in Popular Science Fiction Cinema." In Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance, 169–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_10.

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AbstractFollowing feminist critical posthuman thinking (Braidotti, Vint, Ferrando), this chapter analyses two recent popular science fiction movies portraying female characters that embody the concept of the vulnerable posthuman: Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013) and Sanders’ Ghost in the Shell (2017). In spite of the fact that in these two movies the posthuman (female) characters are depicted as vulnerable beings apparently doomed to privileging and perpetuating the normative idea of the body in terms of gender and race, they still manage to somehow disrupt established configurations of power by offering audiences an unfamiliar experience. Viewers see life through the posthuman perspective thanks to filmic strategies, such as identification or sympathy, enabling us to temporarily refuse normative human ethics and to understand the posthuman subject as it is, with its alien/transhuman body and non-normative actions and desires.

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Ximenes, Bianca Helena, and Hermano Perrelli de Moura. "Wetware and the Cyborg Era: The Future of Modifications on the Human Body According to Science Fiction." In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018, 34–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02683-7_4.

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Beyer, Charlotte. "“In the Suitcase was a Boy”: Representing Transnational Child Trafficking in Contemporary Crime Fiction." In Representations of Transnational Human Trafficking, 89–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78214-0_4.

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"CHAPTER FIVE. Animal Victims and Human Sexuality: Body Trouble." In Animal Victims in Modern Fiction, 180–216. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487576349-005.

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"The Cyborg Body Politics: Politics in the Post-Human Age." In Visions of the Human in Science Fiction and Cyberpunk, 99–104. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781904710165_011.

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"HUMAN BLACKNESS, TRANSHUMAN BLACKNESS, AND THE BLACK BODY IN FLEDGLING." In The Paradox of Blackness in African American Vampire Fiction, 117–46. Ohio State University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2s2pp66.8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human body – Fiction"

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MAO, YAN-JIE, and ZONG-HUA LI. "CONSTRUCTION AND ALIENATION: RESEARCH ON FEMALE IMAGES IN WEBCAST." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35723.

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In recent years, webcasting has developed in a spurt, giving birth to a large number of camgirl communities. The interconnection of virtual fields and real spaces has made the appearance of webcast subjects a social phenomenon worthy of attention. The network media empowers people and brings new fields and opportunities for the development of female subjectivity. Camgirls based on identity and subjective expression participate in the process of constructing their own image. In the diverse and fluid cyberspace field and in the age of entertainment, the conspiracy of image capital and visual consumption has continuously created and produced a subculture in the live broadcast field, causing the construction of female images from "subjective fiction." The shift to "symbol alienation" has caused the female body to be continuously desired, materialized, symbolized, disciplined and peeped. Behind the image of the network camgirl, it conveys the changes of human society and culture, the variation of the real space and the network field, and it is worthy of our reflection and discussion.

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Joshi, Prachi, Hirak Banerjee, Avdhoot V Muli, Aurobinda Routray, and Priyadarshi Patniak. "Study of Emotional contagion through Thermal Imaging: A pilot study using noninvasive measures in young adults." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004755.

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Emotional contagion, the process of unconsciously mirroring others’ emotions [6], occurs through various channels including facial expressions, vocal tone, and body language, influencing social interactions and responses to cultural stimuli like music and movies [3], [4], [1]. Facial expressions, analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), provide insights into emotional transmission [2]. Thermal imaging, a technique for measuring facial temperature changes, offers a noninvasive method to study emotional responses [5]. However, the facial thermal response to emotional contagion remains understudied. This study aims to investigate how emotional contagion affects facial blood flow among highly emotionally contagious individuals, identified using noninvasive measures. Thermal imaging will capture temperature changes across ten designated facial regions of interest (ROIs), shed-ding light on facial muscle activation. By interpreting temperature variations in these ROIs, researchers seek to understand the physiological processes underlying emotional contagion. Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding facial temperature changes during emotions like fear and joy, highlighting the need for further investigation. This research aims to clarify these discrepancies and advance our understanding of facial thermal responses to emotional contagion, contributing to the broader field of emotion research and potentially informing therapeutic interventions and communication strategies.Initially, Eighteen participants participated in the study. Two groups of standardized emotionally contagious video stimuli (Happy, Fear) were used to induce emotional contagion.The videos started with a one-minute relaxing clip to help participants achieve a neutral emotional state before watching the emotional contagion clips. Following the two-minute emotional contagion video, a blank screen was displayed for one minute to observe the aftereffects of the emotional contagion on participants. Facial temperature was recorded from Fluke Ti 400, and facial expressions were recorded from the webcam. Participants were asked to fill out an emotion-intensity feedback form to rate the experienced emotion and its intensity during video stimuli. Eight participants’ data was removed from further analysis because of inconsistencies. Out of the remaining ten, we further shortlisted five highly emotionally contagious participants with the help of the emotional contagion scale. Ninety baseline and arousal thermal images (10 seconds each) were identified and analyzed using FACS. Ten important regions of interest(ROIs) were selected for facial thermal variations. The interpretation of temperature patterns on selected ROIs produces a physiological time series signal, reflecting changes in blood flow associated with emotional responses. As previously discussed, blood flow radiates across the blood vessels when an emotion happens, which is why a gradual shift in the baseline occurs when an emotion takes place. To assess significant differences in facial thermal temperatures from baseline to emotional contagion, the Mann-Whitney U test and average temperature differences were used. During both emotions (fear and joy), the temperature of the nose decreased on the faces of participants. However, during fear, the temperature dropped in the forehead, left eye corner, and right cheek, while during joy, it increased in the left eye upper region. Additionally, while in fear, the left eye upper, right eye upper, and nose exhibited decreased temperatures, whereas during joy, the forehead, left and right eye corners and nose showed reduced temperatures. Mann Whitney U test showed significant emotional arousal in all the ROIs. Only the right eye corner and left cheek in two participants during fear and the right eye corner during joy in one participant was showing insignificant differences.[1] Amy Coplan. Catching characters emotions: Emotional contagion responses to narrative fiction film. Film Studies, 8(1):26–38, 2006.[2] Paul Ekman. Facial expression and emotion. American psychologist, 48(4):384,1993[3] [3]Carolina Herrando and Efthymios Constantinides. Emotional contagion: a brief overview and future directions. Frontiers in psychology, 12:2881, 2021[4]Giuliana Isabella and Hamilton C. Carvalho.Chapter 4 - emotional contagion and socialization: Reflection on virtual interaction. In Sharon Y. Tettegah and Dorothy L. Espelage, editors, Emotions, Technology, and Behaviors, Emotions and Technology, pages 63–82. Academic Press, San Diego, 2016 [5]Sophie Jarlier, Didier Grandjean, Sylvain Delplanque, Karim N’diaye, Isabelle Cayeux, Maria Ines Velazco, David Sander, Patrik Vuilleumier, and Klaus R. Scherer. Thermal analysis of facial muscles contractions. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 2:2–9, 2011.Eliska Prochazkova and Mariska [6]E. Kret. Connecting minds and sharing emotions through mimicry,Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews2017

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