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Journal articles on the topic 'Human colour perception'
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Webster, Michael A. "Human colour perception and its adaptation." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 4 (January 1996): 587–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_7_4_002.
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Welbourne, Lauren E., Antony B. Morland, and Alex R. Wade. "Human colour perception changes between seasons." Current Biology 25, no. 15 (August 2015): R646—R647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.030.
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Shrivastva, Kumkum, and Abhilasha Jaiswal. "USAGE (IMPORTANCE) OF COLOUR IN GRAPHIC DESIGN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3528.
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Colour is a perception of light by human brain. In simple words when a ray of light strikes an object, the object absorbs a colour and reflects remaining colours. Human brain identifies the missing colour and perceives the colour of the object as that of the missing colour. This phenomenon is widely known as perception of colour."Colour is life, for a world without colour seems dead. As a flame produces light, light produces colour. As intonation lends colour to the spoken word, colour lends spiritually realized sound to form." - Johannes Itten.1
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Rowland, Hannah M., and Robert P. Burriss. "Human colour in mate choice and competition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1724 (May 22, 2017): 20160350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0350.
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The colour of our skin and clothing affects how others perceive us and how we behave. Human skin colour varies conspicuously with genetic ancestry, but even subtle changes in skin colour due to diet, blood oxygenation and hormone levels influence social perceptions. In this review, we describe the theoretical and empirical frameworks in which human colour is researched. We explore how subtle skin colour differences relate to judgements of health and attractiveness. Also, because humans are one of the few organisms able to manipulate their apparent colour, we review how cosmetics and clothing are implicated in courtship and competition, both inside the laboratory and in the real world. Research on human colour is in its infancy compared with human psychophysics and colour research in non-human animals, and hence we present best-practice guidelines for methods and reporting, which we hope will improve the validity and reproducibility of studies on human coloration. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.
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Upadhayay, Ranjana. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COLOUR PREFERENCES TOWARDS CLOTHING AMONG YOUNG GIRLS AND BOYS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3532.
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Colour, is the visual perceptual property corresponding in human beings to the names called red, green, blue, and so on and so forth. Colours are derived from the spectrum of light, interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Colour categories and physical specifications are related to objects or materials based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission.The meanings of colors vary according to cultures and environments. Each color has many aspects which may be expressed as the language of color by understanding few concepts. Colour is a form of non-verbal communication. The perception of color stems from varying spectral sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, and thus colors may be defined and quantified by the degree to which they stimulate these cells.The science of color is called chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what we commonly refer to as light).
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Clifford, C. W. G., B. Spehar, S. G. Solomon, P. R. Martin, and Q. Zaidi. "Colour-luminance interactions in human orientation perception." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2010): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.215.
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Schanda, J. "Opinion: Is human colour perception really only trichromatic?" Lighting Research & Technology 43, no. 1 (March 2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153511399979.
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AIBA, T. SATORU, and GEORGE W. GRANGER. "Colour and position processing in human visual perception." Japanese Psychological Research 27, no. 2 (1985): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.27.97.
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Mollon, J. D. "Colour Perception 1978–1997." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970021.
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In the past twenty years, the spectral sensitivities of the three types of cone have been established with some certainty: direct measurements by microspectrophotometry and electrophysiology are in fair agreement with psychophysical estimates. Particularly significant was the publication of DNA sequences for the four opsins of the human eye, by Jeremy Nathans and colleagues in 1986. This work was soon to transform the understanding of retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal dystrophies, and it has given many insights into the evolution of colour vision; but, curiously, the explanations of dichromacy and anomalous trichromacy have not proved as straightforward as we all expected in 1986. What is clear, however, is that normal colour vision exhibits a genetic polymorphism: much of the intersubject variance in colour matches can be traced to differences in the amino-acid sequence of the opsins for the long-wave and middle-wave cone pigments. The last two decades have seen a major change in the status of opponent processes. In the 1970s it was still common for professors to tell undergraduates that the Young - Helmholtz theory of colour vision held at the receptor level and the Hering theory at the level of the retinal ganglion cells. It is now clear that the chromatically antagonistic processes revealed electrophysiologically and psychophysically in the early visual system do not correspond to the red - green and yellow - blue processes that Hering postulated on the basis of phenomenological observations. The existence of four unique hues is today one of the unexplained mysteries of colour science. In one salient respect, research in colour vision has been changed by instrumental advances. Computer-controlled monitors (though offering splendid pitfalls to the unwary) have allowed the study of spatially and temporally complex chromatic displays, notably in the field of colour constancy. Most recently there has been interest in the chromatic statistics of natural scenes: how well is the visual system matched to the statistics of the world and can it adapt to the gamut of chromaticities present in a given scene?
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Falomir, Zoe, Vicent Costa, and Luis Gonzalez-Abril. "Obtaining Discriminative Colour Names According to the Context: Using a Fuzzy Colour Model and Probabilistic Reference Grounding." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 27, Supp01 (November 5, 2019): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488519400063.
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In human-machine communication situations, perceptual and conceptual deviations can appear. The challenge of categorising colours is tackled in this paper. Colour perception is very subjective. Colours may be perceived differently depending on a person’s eye anatomy and a person’s sense of sight which adapts to the surroundings and perceives different brightness of hues depending on the context. Distinguishing more/less quantity of hues depends also on the level of expertise but also on the cultural and social environment. Colours naming involves conceptual alignment with human cognition, meaning and human understanding for referring to an object and even for discriminating among objects. Studies in cross-cultural linguistics say that humans determined prototypical colours as the centre of colour categories. Hence, a cognitive colour model should distinguish/indicate when a colour coordinate is close/far to the centre of its category. And these centres of categories should be adaptable and customisable depending on the society. A fuzzy colour model based on HSL colour space and radial basis functions is presented in this paper. Logics have been defined to combine this fuzzy-colour model with a Probabilistic Reference And GRounding mechanism (PRAGR) in order to obtain the most discriminative colour descriptor for an object depending on the context. Two case studies related with human cognition are presented. Then further tests are carried out on a dataset where the first and second most discriminative colour is computed for each object in each scene. Finally, a survey is conducted to find out the cognitive adequacy of the obtained discriminative colour names.
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Dobrzański, B., and R. Rybczyński. "Influence of packing method on colour perception improving the appearance of fruits and vegetables." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 2 (June 24, 2008): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2008-rae.
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The appearance of fruits and vegetables has a major influence on the perceived quality. Therefore, colour is one of the most important quality parameters in consumers’ preferences. Fruits differently exposed to the sun differ in colour, frequently looking unripe and reach full maturity just on handling or transport, some still green and appearing unripe. Oranges, carrot, red beet, and parsley were used for the study of the quality estimation. Different nets used for the packing of fruits were tested. The measurements of lightness and chromaticity parameters were performed according to L*a*b* system. The red net used for the packing of oranges caused a decrease of the lightness parameter L* for all stages of fruits maturity. However, some unripe and bright oranges, through the use of a red net, looked more mature. The chromaticity parameter a* is the most influential factor affecting the human perception of the fruit colour. The red net improves this parameter significantly, thus unripe yellow oranges become more saturated, changing the perception of colour to the predicted range. The colour is insignificant for the net, however, it is important for the classification and quality assessment by humans.
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Mitchell, Laurie, Karen L. Cheney, Fabio Cortesi, N. Justin Marshall, and Misha Vorobyev. "Triggerfish uses chromaticity and lightness for object segregation." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 171440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171440.
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Humans group components of visual patterns according to their colour, and perceive colours separately from shape. This property of human visual perception is the basis behind the Ishihara test for colour deficiency, where an observer is asked to detect a pattern made up of dots of similar colour with variable lightness against a background of dots made from different colour(s) and lightness. To find out if fish use colour for object segregation in a similar manner to humans, we used stimuli inspired by the Ishihara test. Triggerfish ( Rhinecanthus aculeatus ) were trained to detect a cross constructed from similarly coloured dots against various backgrounds. Fish detected this cross even when it was camouflaged using either achromatic or chromatic noise, but fish relied more on chromatic cues for shape segregation. It remains unknown whether fish may switch to rely primarily on achromatic cues in scenarios where target objects have higher achromatic contrast and lower chromatic contrast. Fish were also able to generalize between stimuli of different colours, suggesting that colour and shape are processed by fish independently.
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Kuehni, Rolf G. "Colour Perception: Mind and the Physical World." Color Research & Application 29, no. 4 (2004): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.20028.
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S.G, Shaila. "Smooth Weighted Approach for Colour Histogram Construction using Human Colour Perception for CBIR Applications." International journal of Multimedia & Its Applications 4, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijma.2012.4110.
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Webster, Michael A., and Donald I. A. MacLeod. "Visual adaptation and face perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1702–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0360.
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The appearance of faces can be strongly affected by the characteristics of faces viewed previously. These perceptual after-effects reflect processes of sensory adaptation that are found throughout the visual system, but which have been considered only relatively recently in the context of higher level perceptual judgements. In this review, we explore the consequences of adaptation for human face perception, and the implications of adaptation for understanding the neural-coding schemes underlying the visual representation of faces. The properties of face after-effects suggest that they, in part, reflect response changes at high and possibly face-specific levels of visual processing. Yet, the form of the after-effects and the norm-based codes that they point to show many parallels with the adaptations and functional organization that are thought to underlie the encoding of perceptual attributes like colour. The nature and basis for human colour vision have been studied extensively, and we draw on ideas and principles that have been developed to account for norms and normalization in colour vision to consider potential similarities and differences in the representation and adaptation of faces.
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Chistopolov, A. V. "Highly Accurate Measurements of Human Colour Vision Parameters with Application to Diagnostics." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970210.
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A new method for measuring a wide spectrum of parameters describing a subject's colour vision is presented. It is based on a portable visual colorimeter, ‘Spectr-3M’, designed in our laboratory and has several useful features: (1) it enables testing over a wide area of the chromaticity diagram; (2) it allows the use of continuously changing colour stimuli; (3) the measurement accuracy is high; (4) the testing procedure is fast and comfortable, minimising the effects caused by prolonged testing and increasing the reliability of the data. Using this method we have revealed significant deviations from the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer in the colour perception of several subjects previously attested by the Rabkin and Ishihara charts as having normal perception. The data obtained by our method are more informative than results obtained with the Nagel anomaloscope, revealing not only general features of colour perception defects (as the anomaloscope), but allowing more detailed characterisation, including even small deviations from the CIE 1931 standard observer.
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Xue, Fei, and Cheolkon Jung. "Chrominance just‐noticeable‐distortion model based on human colour perception." Electronics Letters 50, no. 22 (October 2014): 1587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.1844.
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Brambilla, Arianna, Wenye Hu, Reza Samangouei, Rebecca Cadorin, and Wendy Davis. "How correlated colour temperature manipulates human thermal perception and comfort." Building and Environment 177 (June 2020): 106929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106929.
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Cho, Sung In, Young Hwan Kim, and Suk-Ju Kang. "Human perception-based image segmentation using optimising of colour quantisation." IET Image Processing 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2013.0602.
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Karatzas, D., and A. Antonacopoulos. "Colour text segmentation in web images based on human perception." Image and Vision Computing 25, no. 5 (May 2007): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2006.05.003.
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Bharadwaj, Venkatesh. "COLOURS: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3543.
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Colour is visual identification or perception of a property derived from spectrum of light by human eyes. When a beam of light from sun or light source passes through a glass prism, it dispersed in to seven colours of rainbow. Sunlight has a high color temperature, a fairly uniform spectrum and is considered a standard for white light.A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection and refraction of light in water droplets present in the atmosphere. The rainbow colours are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (vibgyor). Electromagnetic radiation in the visible range is generally called as light.
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Van der Westhuyzen, Jacobus Gideon. "Repeatability of Colour Matching Tests using Psychophysical Methods." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i1.88.
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The researcher working in the field of illumination can use a number of measurement methods, depending on the requirement. Many practical evaluation methods employ varieties of a configuration where test stations are positioned next to or opposite each other for comparison purposes. Test stations can consist of test booths or even full-sized test rooms when using indoor evaluations. The number of test booths for indoor application may differ from one to three. Most colour and light perception studies thus depend on human observers to provide some feedback or input. It is the human observer who uses illumination devices and it is important that human response to these products be measured. Results achieved from these measurements can, in turn, be used by the lighting designer to optimize the design of illumination products. Many studies in the field of colour perception and/or matching rely on the method of “psychophysics” where humans are used. Reliability of results achieved when using human observers can be questioned. Results achieved with psychometric testing cannot be compared with an established benchmark and/or standard as such a benchmark was itself generated using human observers, endangering the researchers to become entangled in a closed circle of cause and effect where one depends on the other. This study investigated the reliability of human observers when studying colour perception. Repeatability of results achieved when using human observers was measured. A test was repeated using the same set of observers. Even this approach is not safe as human memory may serve the observer so well, that results can be selected, or at least influenced, on the basis of memory and not perception. The solution was to implement extended time between measurements, thereby hoping that sufficient time will lapse to erase details from the observer’s memory. A colour matching task had to be completed to test observers of two distinct age groups. One group was older than 50 years of age and the second group was younger than 40 years of age. The two groups were tasked to complete the same colour matching test at the beginning of a year and after one year. Test procedures and test equipment were identical before and after the year.
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Olsson, Peter, David Wilby, and Almut Kelber. "Quantitative studies of animal colour constancy: using the chicken as model." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1830 (May 11, 2016): 20160411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0411.
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Colour constancy is the capacity of visual systems to keep colour perception constant despite changes in the illumination spectrum. Colour constancy has been tested extensively in humans and has also been described in many animals. In humans, colour constancy is often studied quantitatively, but besides humans, this has only been done for the goldfish and the honeybee. In this study, we quantified colour constancy in the chicken by training the birds in a colour discrimination task and testing them in changed illumination spectra to find the largest illumination change in which they were able to remain colour-constant. We used the receptor noise limited model for animal colour vision to quantify the illumination changes, and found that colour constancy performance depended on the difference between the colours used in the discrimination task, the training procedure and the time the chickens were allowed to adapt to a new illumination before making a choice. We analysed literature data on goldfish and honeybee colour constancy with the same method and found that chickens can compensate for larger illumination changes than both. We suggest that future studies on colour constancy in non-human animals could use a similar approach to allow for comparison between species and populations.
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Panasenko, N. "COLOUR TERMS IN SUDDEN FICTION." Philology at MGIMO 19, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-131-138.
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The paper presents the analysis of colour perception and its interpretation in psychology and symbolism; it highlights colour properties and the approaches to colour studies largely in linguistics. One of the features of colours is their ability to express human emotions and feelings, either positive or negative (verbally/ nonverbally), and to create certain atmosphere in the situation abound in colours. Shades of colours can be regarded as a lexico-semantic group formed by adjectives and nouns, which can be simple, derived, and compound words. Short texts include many colour terms expressing such colour properties, as hue, saturation, tone, lightness, intensity; each of them contributes to decoding of some culture-specific features hidden in Sudden fiction. The analysis of Sudden fiction shows that short stories have specific composition, where colour terms perform different functions. Descriptive functions are mainly connected with focal colours and identify objects’ properties. Other functions, such as character-generating, associative, metaphoric, symbolic, semiotic, and culture specific are more complicated. Their identification implies additional knowledge of cultural, social, and historical planes.
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Stoddard, Mary Caswell, Audrey E. Miller, Harold N. Eyster, and Derya Akkaynak. "I see your false colours: how artificial stimuli appear to different animal viewers." Interface Focus 9, no. 1 (December 14, 2018): 20180053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0053.
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The use of artificially coloured stimuli, especially to test hypotheses about sexual selection and anti-predator defence, has been common in behavioural ecology since the pioneering work of Tinbergen. To investigate the effects of colour on animal behaviour, many researchers use paints, markers and dyes to modify existing colours or to add colour to synthetic models. Because colour perception varies widely across species, it is critical to account for the signal receiver's vision when performing colour manipulations. To explore this, we applied 26 typical coloration products to different types of avian feathers. Next, we measured the artificially coloured feathers using two complementary techniques—spectrophotometry and digital ultraviolet--visible photography—and modelled their appearance to mammalian dichromats (ferret, dog), trichromats (honeybee, human) and avian tetrachromats (hummingbird, blue tit). Overall, artificial colours can have dramatic and sometimes unexpected effects on the reflectance properties of feathers, often differing based on feather type. The degree to which an artificial colour differs from the original colour greatly depends on an animal's visual system. ‘White’ paint to a human is not ‘white’ to a honeybee or blue tit. Based on our analysis, we offer practical guidelines for reducing the risk of introducing unintended effects when using artificial colours in behavioural experiments.
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Morland, A. B. "Visual perception of motion, luminance and colour in a human hemianope." Brain 122, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 1183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.6.1183.
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Race, Alan M., and Josephine Bunch. "Optimisation of colour schemes to accurately display mass spectrometry imaging data based on human colour perception." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 407, no. 8 (February 4, 2015): 2047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8404-5.
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Van der Westhuyzen, Jacobus Gideon, and Frederick Wilhelm Leuschner. "The effect of age on white light perception." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 20, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v20i2.83.
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The way that persons from different age groups experience “white light” is investigated. Human eye lens transmission changes spectrally with age and this may influence the way that humans from different ages experiences light. Such a difference may be important in industrial and medical environments. Two different age groups, one group younger than 40 years of age and another group older than 50 years of age were subjected to the same “white” definition task. A conventional single-booth setup was used where observers were able to adjust the intensity of four coloured LED’s. Results of the psychophysical test procedure were used to generate specifications of two light sources, as selected by the two age groups. The two age groups selected two very different light sources when tasked to achieve a “perception” of white. Results show that the older group prefers a source with a colour rendering index number of 89 and the younger group prefers a source with a colour rendering index number of 74. The sources selected by the two age groups specifies correlated colour temperature values of 5150 K for the older age group and 6592 K for the younger group.
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Belpaeme, Tony. "Insights from the colour category controversy." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 2008): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0800335x.
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AbstractThere are striking parallels between the basic tastes debate and the debate on human colour categorisation. Colour categories show a remarkable cross-cultural similarity, but at the same the time exhibit seemingly inexplicable large interpersonal variations. Recent results suggest that colour categories are the result of cultural learning constrained by the neural substrate of colour perception.
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Rakhmanova, O. "Artistic and creative synaesthesia of junior schoolchildren in “colour music”." Musical art in the educological discourse, no. 3 (2018): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2518-766x.2018.3.121124.
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This article deals with theories that determine the objective causes of interperception synthesis in the individual’s psyche. The concept of synesthesia, in particular the combination of «colour-sound», is analysed from the point of view of psychophysiological phenomenon as the basis of the perception of music. Synesthesia is determined by the connection between the vegetative state of the organism, the sound nature of music and the form of expression of synesthesia in the artistically-creative activity of junior pupils. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the idea of an artistic or musical composition using a colour scheme. It is concluded that synesthesia in the sound and colour occurs accidentally at different levels of human nervous activity (from instinct to intellectual actions), and sound and color affect the functions of the organism. An important creative process is the coloured musical perception, which is considered as the ability to correlate the emotional content of music with the emotional expressiveness of the colour, which manifests itself in a special artistic activity, and with use of which occurs formation of the emotionally valuable attitude of junior pupils to art as the basis of artistic culture.
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Wiedemann, Diana, D. Michael Burt, Russell A. Hill, and Robert A. Barton. "Red clothing increases perceived dominance, aggression and anger." Biology Letters 11, no. 5 (May 2015): 20150166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0166.
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The presence and intensity of red coloration correlate with male dominance and testosterone in a variety of animal species, and even artificial red stimuli can influence dominance interactions. In humans, red stimuli are perceived as more threatening and dominant than other colours, and wearing red increases the probability of winning sporting contests. We investigated whether red clothing biases the perception of aggression and dominance outside of competitive settings, and whether red influences decoding of emotional expressions. Participants rated digitally manipulated images of men for aggression and dominance and categorized the emotional state of these stimuli. Men were rated as more aggressive and more dominant when presented in red than when presented in either blue or grey. The effect on perceived aggression was found for male and female raters, but only male raters were sensitive to red as a signal of dominance. In a categorization test, images were significantly more often categorized as ‘angry’ when presented in the red condition, demonstrating that colour stimuli affect perceptions of emotions. This suggests that the colour red may be a cue used to predict propensity for dominance and aggression in human males.
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Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles, and Jamie Ward. "Representing Colour Through Hearing and Touch in Sensory Substitution Devices." Multisensory Research 26, no. 6 (2013): 503–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002434.
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Visual sensory substitution devices (SSDs) allow visually-deprived individuals to navigate and recognise the ‘visual world’; SSDs also provide opportunities for psychologists to study modality-independent theories of perception. At present most research has focused on encoding greyscale vision. However at the low spatial resolutions received by SSD users, colour information enhances object-ground segmentation, and provides more stable cues for scene and object recognition. Many attempts have been made to encode colour information in tactile or auditory modalities, but many of these studies exist in isolation. This review brings together a wide variety of tactile and auditory approaches to representing colour. We examine how each device constructs ‘colour’ relative to veridical human colour perception and report previous experiments using these devices. Theoretical approaches to encoding and transferring colour information through sound or touch are discussed for future devices, covering alternative stimulation approaches, perceptually distinct dimensions and intuitive cross-modal correspondences.
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Chen, Zhe, Chang-Qiu Liu, Hang Sun, and Yang Niu. "The ultraviolet colour component enhances the attractiveness of red flowers of a bee-pollinated plant." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 3 (May 25, 2020): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa023.
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Abstract Aims Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red, presumably because bees (which lack red receptors) have difficulty detecting red targets. Although the response of bees to red colour has been investigated in lab experiments, most stimuli have been pure red, while the subtle diversity of red as perceived by humans (human-red) has received very limited attention. Here we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) reflected from human-red flowers enhances their attractiveness to bees, through increased chromatic contrast. Methods Using Onosma confertum (Boraginaceae), a plant with UV-reflecting red flowers that are pollinated by bumblebees, we investigated the effects of UV reflection on pollinator responses by conducting phenotypic manipulation experiments in the field. Colour preferences of flower-naïve bumblebees were also examined. Colour perception by bumblebees was estimated in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrast, based on two different colour perception models. Important Findings We found that both natural and flower-naïve bumblebees strongly preferred visiting UV-reflecting targets compared with UV-absorbing ones. Colour models show that the UV-reflecting flowers exhibit higher spectral purity and higher chromatic contrast against the foliage background, whereas they have similar achromatic contrast in terms of green receptor contrast. These results indicate that the component of UV reflection increases chromatic contrast in O. confertum, enhancing the visual attractiveness of these red flowers to bumblebees. We further infer that the secondary reflectance might be a necessary component in human-red flowers that are primarily pollinated by animals without red receptors, such as bees.
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Glebova, Ekaterina A., Irina A. Tislenkova, and Irina V. Bgantseva. "Linguo-cultural concepts of colour in english, french and russian (on the material of phraseological units with colour attribute)." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 1, no. 24 (2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-1-24-145-151.
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The relevance of the given research can be explained by the fact that concepts of colour represent significant information about the hierarchy of values within the linguistic community and contribute to the notion «colour picture of the world». It is reasonable to conduct a research of colour from the perspective of cultural linguistics, in particular, of its branch, linguistic conceptology. The article provides a linguo-cultural analysis of the colour conceptual sphere, represented by phraseological units with colour attribute and colour words in the english, french and russian languages. The objectives of the research are to carry out a comparative analysis of phraseological units with colour attribute and colour words in the english, french and russian languages and reveal their universality, difference and their unique character in the linguistic cultures under consideration. The main methods of the research are comparative and interpretation analyses as well as etymological and quantitative methods. The main sources for the research are phraseological units with colour attribute and words denoting colour collected from english, french and russian phraseology dictionaries using the continuous sampling method. The research has led to the following conclusions: man perceives the world around through colours, because colour accompanies almost all manifestations of human life; every language culture is characterized by its own ethnic-priority and ethnic-relevant colours; colour acts as an expression of universality, difference and uniqueness in the perception of the outside world. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of linguistic and cultural conceptology with regard to the conceps of colour.
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Zhbanova, Vera L. "Features Of Digital Colourimetry Application in Modern Scientific Research." Issue 03-2021, no. 03-2021 (June 2021): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2021-028.
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The paper is devoted to digital colorimetry, has a character of review, and deals with the main issues of colorimetric calculations and transformations during digital colour registration. The presented materials are intended to help researchers already at the stage of registration to exclude colour losses and, accordingly, errors of measurements, taking into account the following features: – The connection of colorimetric measurements with digital circuit design is shown, which results in digital colorimetry as a tool for acquiring and processing accurate colour information about the object of study; – Important issues such as: selection criteria for parameters of photodetector arrays, colour separation systems, working colour spaces, formats of colour images, and post-processing methods for colour information of images; – Colour separation systems of photodetector arrays, their advantages and disadvantages, influence on the registration result and prospects of new developments in this field are described; – Working colour spaces of digital recording systems, and also colour systems are considered allowing maximum saving colour parameters of digital impression; – To understand human colour perception, the problem of hardware-independent reproduction of colour and images after image registration is considered; – It is proposed to use such colorimetric systems in the analysis of colour parameters in scientific studies, which give understanding of human image perception in the analysis of image quality. The paper gives a broad overview of the digital colorimetry main aspects and researches on this topic for specialists who use digital colour recorders as a tool in their experimental research. This material can also be useful for specialists with deep knowledge in colorimetry who use digital colour recorders as part of their main tasks in the definite field of science and technology.
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Baper, Salahaddin, Husein Husein, and Sazgar Salim. "HE IMPACT OF COLOUR ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION IN LEARNING SPACES." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 28, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.28.2.03.
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Color has a crucial impact on students’ perception. It encourages the learning atmosphere to be affiliated with the anticipated learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of contextual colors on student’s perception of interior spaces and to validate previous related studies that emphasize on colors as a media to convey meanings that affect behaviors and students’ perception as well. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to determine and validate previous related studies regarding the impact of background color on student’s perception. Meanwhile the study evaluates the previous relevant models in order to validate or reject previous assumptions. The study concentrates on quantitative survey method using in depth questionnaire to determine student’s perception at UHDUniversity of Human Development, Sulaimani. Seven Colors from Munsell color system (yellow, green, blue, purple, white, and black, grey) are applied in the test in order to indicate the students’ perceptual status. The results show that cool colors like white, green and blue are mostly recommended for educational spaces. These colors affected positively the perception of respondents and add feeling of hope, curiosity and satisfaction to the group. In contrast dark colors (black and grey) are indicated as colors of worry and fear. The findings demonstrate that environments colors play an important effect on student’s perception. The study concluded that colors affect the behavior, performance and mood of the space users.
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Beyes, Timon. "Colour and Organization Studies." Organization Studies 38, no. 10 (October 5, 2016): 1467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616663240.
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Colour is inescapable. It fills and forms the world, shaping what can be felt and known, desired and expressed. It thus becomes social technology and organizational tool. At the same time, however, colour betrays, undermines and subverts the attempts to manage it. Based on an understanding of colour as aesthetic force and medium of transformation, the essay presents a montage of scenes that set up encounters with what colour does: how it affects organization, and how it is affected by organization; how it organizes what is given to perception, knowledge and organization itself, and how it is reorganized in return.
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Yang, Y., MR Luo, and WJ Huang. "Assessing glare, Part 4: Generic models predicting discomfort glare of light-emitting diodes." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 5 (March 16, 2017): 739–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516684375.
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Two generic models to predict the influence of the luminance uniformity and spectral power distribution of light-emitting diode luminaires on discomfort glare were developed. One model was an extension of the empirical Unified Glare Rating, the other was based on a colour appearance model for unrelated colours. A new experiment was carried out to verify the performance of the generic models. There were twelve glare sources, having three types of luminance uniformity and four spectral power distributions. The results showed both generic models outperformed Unified Glare Rating but gave similar performance to each other. The generic model based on the colour appearance model bridges the gap between glare perception and human vision theory.
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White, Thomas E., Bibiana Rojas, Johanna Mappes, Petri Rautiala, and Darrell J. Kemp. "Colour and luminance contrasts predict the human detection of natural stimuli in complex visual environments." Biology Letters 13, no. 9 (September 2017): 20170375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0375.
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Much of what we know about human colour perception has come from psychophysical studies conducted in tightly-controlled laboratory settings. An enduring challenge, however, lies in extrapolating this knowledge to the noisy conditions that characterize our actual visual experience. Here we combine statistical models of visual perception with empirical data to explore how chromatic (hue/saturation) and achromatic (luminant) information underpins the detection and classification of stimuli in a complex forest environment. The data best support a simple linear model of stimulus detection as an additive function of both luminance and saturation contrast. The strength of each predictor is modest yet consistent across gross variation in viewing conditions, which accords with expectation based upon general primate psychophysics. Our findings implicate simple visual cues in the guidance of perception amidst natural noise, and highlight the potential for informing human vision via a fusion between psychophysical modelling and real-world behaviour.
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Schreiter, Marie Luise, Witold X. Chmielewski, Jamie Ward, and Christian Beste. "How non-veridical perception drives actions in healthy humans: evidence from synaesthesia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1787 (October 21, 2019): 20180574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0574.
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We continually perform actions that are driven by our perception and it is a commonly held view that only objectively perceived changes within the ‘real’ world affect behaviour. Exceptions are generally only made for mental health disorders associated with delusions and hallucinations where behaviour may be triggered by the experience of objectively non-existent percepts. Here, we demonstrate, using synaesthesia as a model condition (in N = 19 grapheme-colour synaesthetes), how objectively non-existent (i.e. non-veridical) but still non-pathological perceptions affect actions in healthy humans. Using electroencephalography, we determine whether early-stage perceptual processes (reflected by P1 and N1 event-related potential (ERP) components), or late-stage-integration processes (reflected by N2 component), underlie the effects of non-veridical perceptions on action control. ERP analysis suggests that even though the examined peculiarities and experimental variations are perceptual in nature, it is not early-stage perceptual processes, but rather higher-order executive control processes linking perceptions to the appropriate motor response underlying this effect. Source localization analysis implicates activation within medial frontal cortices in the effect of how irrelevant non-veridical perceptions modulate behaviour. Our results challenge common conceptions about the determinants of human behaviour but can be explained by well-established theoretical frameworks detailing the link between perception and action. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia’.
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Broeder, Peter, and Hessel Snijder. "Colour in Online Advertising: Going for Trust, Which Blue is a Must?" Marketing – from Information to Decision Journal 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/midj-2019-0001.
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Abstract In an online environment the customer relies heavily on cues that indicate that an electronic vendor (e-vendor), can be trusted (especially in comparison with an offline shopping environment). Several studies investigated the factors that reduce mistrust in an online environment. However, little is known about the effects of colour on the process of establishing trust between e-vendor and consumer, and purchase intention. The current body of studies on the effects of, specifically, the colour blue on trust in an online environment also show contrasting results. Further, the literature review revealed that (value) variations of colours have different effects on human behaviour, or perception. It was also argued that the effect of blue on trust and behaviour would be greater for people from cultures that are generally more risk averse. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of two different values of blue (i.e. lighter and darker valued) on trust and the intention to book an accommodation, differentiated by culture. In an online experiment 91 Chinese and 125 Dutch respondents (average age 27 years) were presented with an accommodation offer displayed within either a predominantly darker, or lighter valued blue environment. The results showed an indirect (mediating) effect of trust on the relationship between the predominantly darker coloured blue environment and booking intention. There was no evidence for the hypothesized moderating effect of culture. To conclude, this study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of (value) variations of colour in an online environment on human behaviour, and perception. The use of dark blue colour schemes in an online environment can be recommended to e-vendors. Especially in online environments in which the customer is more involved (e.g. financially) or vulnerable in the (purchasing) process, and thus more cues are needed to win a visitor’s trust.
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Shareef, Sardar S., and Hozan L. Rauf. "The Influence of Building Structure on Human Perception in Interior Spaces." Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53898/josse2021111.
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Structures create interior spaces. However, the sense of every space depends on the type of structure used. This paper tries to evaluate structural systems apply in architecture and then analyse space identity given by different structures. The method of this study mainly depends on a survey in the current literature and case study which the colour building in the department of architecture in EMU-North Cyprus has taken as the case study. Frame concrete (column and beam) is used in the building, which has made the interiors compacted in the structure's boundary. At the same time, inside spaces have some freedom as partition walls separate them. In this case, the structure proliferates visual focal points, corners and angles, to the main space. These visual definitions lately make the spaces to be more defined.
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Wade, Alex R., Alyssa A. Brewer, Jochem W. Rieger, and Brian A. Wandell. "Functional measurements of human ventral occipital cortex: retinotopy and colour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1424 (August 29, 2002): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1108.
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Human colour vision originates in the cone photoreceptors, whose spatial density peaks in the fovea and declines rapidly into the periphery. For this reason, one expects to find a large representation of the cone–rich fovea in those cortical locations that support colour perception. Human occipital cortex contains several distinct foveal representations including at least two that extend onto the ventral surface: a region thought to be critical for colour vision. To learn more about these ventral signals, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify visual field maps and colour responsivity on the ventral surface. We found a visual map of the complete contralateral hemifield in a 4 cm 2 region adjacent to ventral V3; the foveal representation of this map is confluent with that of areas V1/2/3. Additionally, a distinct foveal representation is present on the ventral surface situated 3–5 cm anterior from the confluent V1/2/3 foveal representations. This organization is not consistent with the definition of area V8, which assumes the presence of a quarter field representation adjacent to V3v. Comparisons of responses to luminance–matched coloured and achromatic patterns show increased activity to the coloured stimuli beginning in area V1 and extending through the new hemifield representation and further anterior in the ventral occipital lobe.
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Dimitrieska, Savica, and Tanja Efremova. "COLORS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING." Entrepreneurship 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.7.
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Companies achieve great benefits when they sell products and services abroad. The advantages of International trade are numerous, such as efficient allocation and better utilization of resources, efficiency in production, increased revenues, more employment, higher market share, longer product lifespan, enhanced reputation, etc. Without a thorough marketing research of the foreign (local) market, as well as the understanding of cultural peculiarities, many companies, even the famous ones, are making mistakes that can jeopardize their business. International marketing blunders are related to poor translations of slogans into a different language, unacceptable product designs, inappropriate or ambiguous brand names, packaging methods, and even the use of colours and visual effects. For the importance of the colours in International marketing, a research speaks that found that 93% of consumers focus on visual appearance, and close to 85% claim colour is a primary reason when they make a purchase. It is known that the colour can attract attention, can stimulate emotional responses, can influence the perception of individuals, can influence on attitudes formation, improves learning and persuasion of consumers to buy a particular product. Colour affects the human behaviour and the purchasing decision making. As a brand’s identity element, companies must be careful when they use it in the product itself, packaging, product’s logo, slogan, display, name, design, signage. Colour meanings differ dramatically from culture to culture. There are a range of cultural influences that affect the usage of a specific colour: political and historical associations (flag colours, political parties), mythological and religious associations (references to colour in spiritual texts), linguistic associations (idioms and expressions), tradition (weddings, funerals, children birth, graduation), etc.
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Jayles, Bertrand, Ramón Escobedo, Roberto Pasqua, Christophe Zanon, Adrien Blanchet, Matthieu Roy, Gilles Tredan, Guy Theraulaz, and Clément Sire. "Collective information processing in human phase separation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1807 (July 27, 2020): 20190801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0801.
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In our digital societies, individuals massively interact through digital interfaces whose impact on collective dynamics can be important. In particular, the combination of social media filters and recommender systems can lead to the emergence of polarized and fragmented groups. In some social contexts, such segregation processes of human groups have been shown to share similarities with phase separation phenomena in physics. Here, we study the impact of information filtering on collective segregation behaviour of human groups. We report a series of experiments where groups of 22 subjects have to perform a collective segregation task that mimics the tendency of individuals to bond with other similar individuals. More precisely, the participants are each assigned a colour (red or blue) unknown to them, and have to regroup with other subjects sharing the same colour. To assist them, they are equipped with an artificial sensory device capable of detecting the majority colour in their ‘environment’ (defined as their k nearest neighbours, unbeknownst to them), for which we control the perception range, k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. We study the separation dynamics (emergence of unicolour groups) and the properties of the final state, and show that the value of k controls the quality of the segregation, although the subjects are totally unaware of the precise definition of the ‘environment’. We also find that there is a perception range k = 7 above which the ability of the group to segregate does not improve. We introduce a model that precisely describes the random motion of a group of pedestrians in a confined space, and which faithfully reproduces and allows interpretation of the results of the segregation experiments. Finally, we discuss the strong and precise analogy between our experiment and the phase separation of two immiscible materials at very low temperature. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems’.
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Leonards, U., and W. Singer. "Texture Segregation by Orientation Differences: Colour Sensitive but Not Hue Specific?" Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0503.
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Segregation of textures on the basis of orientation differences between texture elements is achieved even when these texture elements differ from their surround only by colour (McIlhagga et al, 1990 Vision Research30 489 – 495). This finding seems to contradict the assumption that colour and orientation are extracted in separate feature maps (eg Treisman and Sato, 1990 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance16 459 – 478). To examine whether colour information is evaluated in parallel in different processing streams for the assessment of hue and form, we tested whether texture elements can be segregated if they differ only by specific conjunctions of colour and orientation; texture elements consisted of crosses with their two crossing lines differing in colour. Texture elements defining figure and background had the same coloured composition but the conjunction of colour with the two crossing lines was reversed. Different colour combinations were tested under various luminance contrast conditions, irrespective of the colour combination, segmentation was achieved as long as the two crossing lines of the texture elements differed in luminance. If, however, the different colours of the two crossing lines were approximately equiluminant, segmentation was reduced or impossible. Thus, subjects were able to use for texture segregation conjunctions between luminance and orientation but not between colour and orientation. Our results suggest that colour cannot be associated selectively with differently oriented components of the same texture element. This supports the hypothesis that colour contrast is used in parallel by different processing streams to assess the orientation and hue of contours and reveals limitations in the selectivity with which features are subsequently bound together.
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Jablonski, Nina G., and George Chaplin. "The colours of humanity: the evolution of pigmentation in the human lineage." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1724 (May 22, 2017): 20160349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0349.
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Humans are a colourful species of primate, with human skin, hair and eye coloration having been influenced by a great variety of evolutionary forces throughout prehistory. Functionally naked skin has been the physical interface between the physical environment and the human body for most of the history of the genus Homo , and hence skin coloration has been under intense natural selection. From an original condition of protective, dark, eumelanin-enriched coloration in early tropical-dwelling Homo and Homo sapiens , loss of melanin pigmentation occurred under natural selection as Homo sapiens dispersed into non-tropical latitudes of Africa and Eurasia. Genes responsible for skin, hair and eye coloration appear to have been affected significantly by population bottlenecks in the course of Homo sapiens dispersals. Because specific skin colour phenotypes can be created by different combinations of skin colour–associated genetic markers, loss of genetic variability due to genetic drift appears to have had negligible effects on the highly redundant genetic ‘palette’ for the skin colour. This does not appear to have been the case for hair and eye coloration, however, and these traits appear to have been more strongly influenced by genetic drift and, possibly, sexual selection. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.
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Mikheev, Eduard. "Colouristic Analysis of Russian Orders." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 15, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2019-15-3-75-87.
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In addition to the symbolism, compositional laconism and colour palette are important for the visual perception of an order. The combination of colours is the first thing perceived by the human eye. This article offers an analysis, based on colour science and colouristics, of the colours and their combinations used to create orders. The work examines three periods of the Russian order: the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia. Gold, silver, platinum, and sometimes copper are used in the manufacture of orders. Each of these metals has its own colour: gold is golden yellow, silver and platinum are of silver-grey colour, and copper is golden pink. The colour of the enamel may be ruby red, white, blue, grey, black and green. All orders are divided into four groups. Orders for which only one colour is used are in the first group. These are orders made of one type of metal without the use of enamel. The second group includes awards to which, in addition to the base metal, enamel or the second metal is added. Orders consisting of three colours are in the third group; orders with four colours or more are in the fourth group. An order which is made using only ruby red enamel can be considered an example of a good and concise combination. The classic combination of the silver-grey metal with red enamel works very well. The yellow colour of the metal matches with the red one, creating a bright festive palette. The same as the combination of the saturated and the neutral, the golden yellow goes well with the silver-grey. In addition to the base metals, such as silver and enamel, gilding is used in other awards. As a rule, red is dominant in such orders; some elements are gilded but the silver-grey colour balances the bright combination of red and golden. The next category of orders with four or more colours can be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup includes orders with one or two dominant colours whereas orders with four or more colours, distributed relatively evenly, are in the second one. Having analysed the orders of the three historical periods of Russia, the following conclusions can be drawn: the royal orders are more conservative, the most interesting colour combinations are from the Soviet era, the modern awards have largely lost the experience of previous generations.
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Wiewiorowski, Jacek. "Kolorystyka szczegółów geograficznych w Notitia dignitatum pars orientis według rękopisów Oxoniensis Canonicianus misc. 378 i monacensis latinus 10291." Vox Patrum 70 (December 12, 2018): 335–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3214.
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The text analyses the reality of the colours used in the topographical allusions of the insignia of late Roman officials, known from the Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis from the turn of the 5th century, preserved in Oxoniensis Canonicianus Misc. 378 and Monacensis Latinus 10291 - Not. Dig. Or. 28, 29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 39, 37. The author links the accuracy of colours used by the illustrators of the insignia with the intention of the Notitia dignitatum to give the emperor and other members of late Roman elite a relatively coherent picture of the geographically remote regions of the Eastern Roman Empire. He subsequently relates it to the functioning of human brain as a pattern recognizer shared universally by human beings, despite that colour perception among Humans is strongly affected by culture and calling for the inclusion of data collected by evolutionary psychology and other evolutionary research in historical studies.
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Tavakol, Reza. "World without colour and its photographs and optical images." Philosophy of Photography 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop_00029_1.
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Photographs and optical images, whatever their contents, are imprints of the electromagnetic waves in the (human) visible range of wavelengths, we refer to as light. Furthermore, they are designed to portray different parts of the visible light in terms of different colours, in analogy with the human eyes, however imperfectly. The world outside our eyes and cameras, however, is permeated by electromagnetic waves with much wider spectrum of wavelengths than those in the visible range. Importantly also, colour is a construct of our eye‐brains: the Universe itself has no colour, independently of us. I ask how does the knowledge of these facts change the way we perceive the colour in optical images and photographs, whatever their relationship to the world in a representational sense may be? By employing three images, with very different origins and vistas ‐ one a direct photograph, the other two synthetically constructed images using real cosmological observations ‐ I demonstrate the extent to which colour in such images can hide the underlying phenomena of which they claim to visually speak, both due to its nature as a coarse-grained visual index, and by being restricted to the visible range. The aim is not to belittle the important role that our (restricted) vision together with our perception of colour have played in the evolution of our species, and still play in the way we relate to the world informationally, aesthetically and emotionally. But rather to show that recognizing the limitations of our vision and complementing it with the knowledge of the phenomena underlying optical images and photographs can allow us to perceive them anew and provide additional tools (both conceptual and visual) to imagine and envision such images outside the bounds of the visible range and colour.