Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human Development Report (1990)'

Based on data from the 1990 Indonesian Census and the 1991 Demographic and Health Survey, analyses of fertility, fertility decline, and the use of contraceptive methods in Indonesia are presented. Two levels of analysis are carried out in this thesis: a macro-approach and a micro-approach. The analysis using the macro approach reveals that the family planning program, the status of women's jobs, and infant mortality rates are important determinants of fertility in Indonesia. In addition, the micro analysis shows that there are differences in the average number of children ever-born to couples according to the type of present and childhood residence, educational attainment, religion and occupational status.
Controlling for regional population density reversed the direction of the impact of agriculture sector employment on fertility. Overall in Indonesia, individual couples who worked in agriculture sector had higher fertility than those who worked in the non agriculture sector. However, in the densely populated areas of the country such as Java and Bali, those who worked in the agriculture sector had lower fertility than those who worked in the non agriculture sector.
The results of this dissertation support the claim that fertility and fertility decline are very complex phenomena. There is no definitive set of variables that strongly and consistently affect them. The most important finding from these analyses is that the fertility rate is influenced both by individual couple's characteristics as well as the place where they live. Further research on fertility and fertility decline should emphasize both of these characteristics.

Although much has been written about the general relationship between democracy and development since the end of the Second World War, a common consensus has not emerged to explain the various facets of this relationship. Originally defined in purely economic terms, only recently has the concept of development been broadened to include the most vital non-economic components under the umbrella of 'human development'. Indeed, the UNDP's first Human Development Report (1990) proposed that human development should serve as the yardstick with which to measure the progress of nations. Influenced by the post-Cold War euphoria, the accompanying political argument, propagated by many international bodies (including the World Bank and the UNDP), Western policy-makers and development planners, held that democracy and human development are mutually complementary phenomena. To date, however, the empirical basis for this view has not been established. Using data from 123 countries for the 1970-90 period, this thesis represents an extensive cross-national, time-series investigation into the nature of the relationship between democracy and human development. It will be argued that there are in fact two relationships to be established, one between democracy and levels of human development and one between democracy and human development performance. This leads to the fundamental question: Is democracy typically the by-product of development, the catalyst for development, or neither. To answer this, the records of democratic and non-democratic states will be evaluated and compared using many different analytical techniques, sample groups and controlling variables. This thesis will also examine other important related concerns, including the triangular relationship between democracy, human development and economic growth, and the political basis of the best-performing case studies, or 'developmental states'. Several new empirical measures have been constructed specifically for the purposes of this research, including a new measure of democracy, the Level of Democracy index (LoD), and a new and more comprehensive measure of human development, the Integrated Human Development Index (I-HDI).

This dissertation aims to describe the provision of adult basic literacy education (ABLE) in Barbados and examine the extent to which ABLE provision has been guided by the goals of participants, institutions which offered it and the government which required it. The empirical research study which constitutes the basis of the dissertation is located within the general field of adult education and the particular area of adult literacy. The data is related to both fields by a review of the literature on ABLE theory and practice from international, Caribbean and local perspectives. Focus is placed on the nature of literacy, as has been conveyed by definitions; and values attached to its acquisition, as have been indicated by declarations of its potential benefits. The descriptive component of the dissertation includes profiles of participants and practice of three ABLE programmes operating in Barbados between 1990 and 1993. The descriptive data was obtained from the responses of students and tutors to structured questionnaires and informal discussions; and from classroom observations made by the researcher from the perspectives of both passive and participant observer. Participants' profiles include personal details; information about their motivation, beliefs, attitudes, expectations and previous learning experiences; and the outputs they claim for the provision. The Profiles of practice cover instructional and interactive aspects of the teaching-learning process including the selection of materials, methods and strategies; type of classroom management and the nature of the relationship among participants. The evaluative component comprises an analysis of the data within a framework of national, institutional and personal goals, a focus informed by the importance which educators have attached to goal-setting in educational provision. The main findings of the research are that in most cases, local ABLE provision was not informed by the goals of the three interests and that ABLE practice often appeared to be directed towards outputs opposed to those goals. The main conclusion is that the impetus of the ABLE programmes was not goals but an internal dynamic informed by local attitudes to education in general and beliefs about literacy in particular.

The type of measurements that can be used to describe the body are dependent upon the measuring instruments used. Traditionally, the body has been measured with a tape measure, calipers and, an anthropometer. These instruments, however, provide only two-dimensional measurements. Two-dimensional measurements specify a magnitude of the body that is located within a single plane. Unless the relationship between these measurements can be specified, very little information is conveyed which describes a three-dimensional form. Advances in technology have provided instruments and methods which provide precise three-dimensional measurements. These three-dimensional measuring systems were investigated as a means of measuring the human body. The purpose of this study was to identify a means of defining and specifying an average three-dimensional human form from any given sample of human bodies. Existing measurement methods were first identified and analyzed for the feasibility of their use to complete this study. Because an economical and completely developed method which provided detailed and comprehensive information about the body was desired, the development of a new method was undertaken. The method which was developed did not provide accurate information. Further refinements of this method may yield better results in the future. However, it may be more advantageous to pursue the further development of an existing method of three-dimensional measurement.
Master of Science

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin
The essence of the study is to examine progress in the transformation of public service under fiscal and constitutional contraints. The thesis focuses on the implementation of affirmative action and human resource development programmes. The emphasis is on linking the transformation of the public service with the attainment of RDP goals and objectives. The reform of the public service should create opportunities for the employment of new staff to improve the representativeness of the civil service, whilst at the same time increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of government, and generating significant savings to help reduce the fiscal deficit and release resource for productive investment.

As part of an internship at Ericsson, this report was written to enhance the understanding of how it is to develop a system that is well established at the workplace. To improve an already existing system is not always as easy as many developers may think. In this report the pros and cons of developing an already existing system has been researched and analyzed. Do note that the results are only from one development of a specific system and that comparison of other developments has been made from other reports and not from experiencing it firsthand. It was found that the choices made can have an impact on further developing and it is important to write down what has been done. Writing down why you choose to do something may help you further down the process why you did what you did.
Som en del av ett praktiskt examensarbete, har denna rapport skrivits för att öka förståelsen av hur det är vidareutveckla ett befintligt och etablerat system. Att förbättra ett redan befintligt system är inte alltid så lätt som många systemutvecklare har uppfattning om. I denna rapport har fördelar och nackdelar med utvecklingen av ett redan befintligt system undersökts och analyserat med hjälp av egna upplevelser. Notera att resultatet är framtaget från en enda upplevelse av en specifik utveckling av ett system. Detta betyder att jämförelser endast gjorts med andra rapporteringar av liknande fall och inte med egen erfarenhet då bara ett system utvecklats under denna tid. Resultatet visar att det är viktigt att du antecknar dina tankar kring de val du gör då det kan hjälpa dig med andra val senare i projektets process.

The key question not addressed by the hierarchical model (Shavelson et al., 1976) is whether academic self-concept is reflected in relations with non-academic self-concept components (i.e. a between-network issue). The present study investigated the significance of physical self-concept, as a proposed mediator variable, to assess the relationship between anxiety/depression and school absence in children with chronic illness, which was hypothesized as Model A. Additionally, this research examined proposed mediator of absence in order to assess the relationship between physical self-concept and academic achievement, after controlling for academic self-concept, which was hypothesized as Model B. This study included participants from a comprehensive database of the Study of Early Child Care (SECC), by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). This study will examine the health status, psychosocial factors, attendance, and academic functioning of children in the sixth grade at the time of data collection. Findings, related to Model A, suggest that when children, regardless of whether or not they are chronically ill, experience higher degrees of anxiety/depression, they are more likely to report having higher levels of negative physical self-concept and higher levels of school absence. Findings for Model B suggested that once academic self-concept was controlled, physical self-concept, while statistically significant, accounted for little actual variance in the number of days a student was absent from school. This finding was true among all students as well as those who were not chronically ill . Specifically, this finding did not hold true for chronically ill students.

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of nongovernmental organizations in Nicaragua and their impact on the status of women. The study analyzed the status of women at the beginning of the revolution, starting in 1980. The study then examined the evolution of non-governmental organizations deriving from the original group named the Luisa Amanda Espinosa Association of Nicaraguan Women (AMNLAE). It then described the impact of non-governmental organizations on policy making and building civic societies. Ultimately, this study analyzed the status of women thirty years after the revolution and demonstrates through institutionalism that because of the effect of non-governmental organizations on society, the status of women has improved. It then concluded that nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations are necessary for building civic societies wherein gender equality is accepted.

Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se analisar as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho desde os anos de 1990 e em que medida tais mudanças afetaram as mulheres no universo laboral. Buscou-se ainda compreender se as relações de gênero são determinantes no processo de inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Em uma perspectiva crítica, a análise se desdobrou sobre o desenvolvimento da mão de obra destas mulheres, a inserção e a permanência na sociedade salarial, a erradicação de atos discriminatórios no ambiente de labor no contexto das transformações no mundo do trabalho no Município de São José dos Campos-SP. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos na pesquisa, utilizou-se a metodologia da História Oral, dando voz às mulheres trabalhadoras de forma que pudessem narrar as trajetórias profissionais, sobretudo, a partir dos anos de 1990, bem como relacionar esse caminho com a questão de gênero. As entrevistas, realizadas com seis mulheres, foram guiadas por um roteiro não estruturado e o critério de escolha das participantes foi o de mulheres que estiveram presentes no mercado de trabalho desde a década de 1990 até o momento e que exercem atividade produtiva formal com carteira assinada. As entrevistas transcritas foram analisadas pela técnica da triangulação, a qual permitiu interpretar as narrativas das mulheres mediante o contexto no qual estão inseridas e o diálogo com os autores que estudam a temática. Dentre os principais resultados, estão: o trabalho, de modo geral, continua flexibilizado, principalmente, o das mulheres são atravessadas pelo enfoque do gênero, em que têm dupla jornada entre a vida pública e privada (afazeres domésticos e cuidados com os filhos); elas estão alocadas em funções definidas como femininas, exercendo a mão de obra em condições de precarização; há questionamentos referentes à compreensão acerca dos significados atribuídos por elas ao processo vivido como trabalhadoras, apontamentos acerca da subjetividade feminina e como a questão de gênero é determinante no contexto produtivo capitalista. Portanto, conclui-se que o mercado de trabalho sofreu mudanças profundas que afetaram os trabalhadores, de maneira geral, mais ainda as mulheres por conta de determinantes socioeconômicas e as relações de gênero.
In this study aimed to analyze the changes in the world of work since the 1990s and to what extent such changes have affected women in the working world. It has also sought to understand whether gender relations are crucial in the process of integrating women into the labor market. In a critical perspective, the analysis unfolded on the development of labor of these women, insertion and stay in the wage society, the eradication of discriminatory acts in the labor environment in the context of changes in the world of work in São José dos Campos. In order to achieve the objectives proposed in the research, we used the methodology of oral history, giving voice to women workers so that they could tell the professional careers, especially from the years of 1990 and relate this way with the question gender. The interviews with six women were guided by a roadmap unstructured and the criteria for choosing the participants were women who were present in the labor market from the 1990s to date and performing formal productive activity - with a formal contract. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by the technique of triangulation, which allowed women to interpret the narratives by the context in which they operate and dialogue with authors who study the subject. Among the main results are: work, in general, still relaxed, especially the women - are crossed by gender focus, as they have double shifts between public and private life (housework and child care); they are allocated to functions defined as female, exercising labor in precarious conditions; there are questions concerning the understanding of the meanings they attribute to the process experienced as workers, notes about female subjectivity and how the issue of gender is crucial in the capitalist production context. Therefore, it is concluded that the labor market has undergone profound changes that affected workers, in general, even more women because of socioeconomic determinants and gender relations

碩士
淡江大學
東南亞研究所碩士班
93
The essay is to discuss that the relation mainly among industrial transformation and human resources development in Thailand， and will be compared with 80`s Taiwan to bring up the consultation to Thailand/ In the Chapter.1 to 2, the author will bring up some questions and reasonable suspects. Because of to discuss conveniently later, the author will bring up one reasonable ratiocination to confirm the relation mainly among industrial transformation and human resources development. In the middle(Chapter.3 to 5), the writings will focus the histories among the relation mainly among industrial transformation and human resources development, and to find out what questions exist. The author will bring up discoveries oneself to turn back checking the previous writing that is suitable or not. In Chapter.5,the author will focus the situations of 80`s Taiwan to compare with Thailand at present. In the final(Chapter.6), it will be written down the suggestions and the conclusion, and to give some people who discuss the relative subject some references.

In 1990, a case came before the Ontario Human Rights Commission involving the collision of a religious rights policy enshrined in the Ontario Human Rights Code 1981 and a Peel Board of Education disciplinary policy prohibiting weapons including the kirpan, a dagger-like article of religious faith worn by baptized Sikhs. Harbhajan Singh Pandori claimed infringement of his religious rights as a Sikh under the Code. In a joint complaint, the Ontario Human Rights Commission alleged the Code had been violated in a Peel Board policy restricting the religious rights of Sikhs by prohibiting the kirpan. Attempts to mediate between complainant Sikhs and the Peel Board failed. The dispute went before an Ontario Human Rights Commission tribunal adjudicated by Rabbi W. Gunther Plaut who ruled that the kirpan was a religious symbol and could be worn to school subject to restrictions. The Pandori kirpan case illustrates the complexity of resolving issues of cultural and religious conflict in public institutions undergoing demographic change. Significant to the kirpan case were Canadian immigration policy changes which eliminated race and ethnicity from admission criteria. As a result, the Region of Peel witnessed significant intake of immigrants including Sikhs, some of whom insisted on their right to wear a kirpan. The extensive public debate that followed afforded valuable insight on the political process of policy-making in education and accommodating diversity in public educational institutions. The debate also set the stage for the development of the Peel Board’s equity policy documents--Manifesting Encouraging and Respectful Environments and The Future We Want launched in 2000. Despite the new equity documents, some observers have remarked that institutional change is slow unless pressure is applied by the courts or the Ontario Human Rights Commission. While the kirpan issue has been put to rest in Canada, issues of competing rights continue to challenge Canadians. The kirpan case demonstrates that balancing competing rights in a multicultural society is an ongoing struggle with no final resolution. In the twenty-first century, as Canada continues to diversify, debates concerning accommodation continue to be reflected in the public schools.

碩士
中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
107
ABSTRACT Pujonggo, Seno Setyo,. The Research On Development Of Indonesia Strategy Against Human Trafficking: Analysis Of Trafficking In Person Report From 2001 To 2018, April, 2019, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. This study in general, talking about human trafficking as part of a form of transnational crime that has spread in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Indonesia. Human trafficking has become a major international issue, which makes the United States of America government make an annual report on the elimination of human trafficking crimes and conduct assessments of countries in the world by giving Tier 1 (the highest) and Tier 3 (the lowest) ranks with the consequences of giving assistance or imposition of sanctions. Because of this, the author conducted a study of the position of Indonesia at the Tier in the Report from 2001 to 2018 to find out the causes and strategies by carrying out the United States Trafficking In Person Report document study analysis and dividing the details of the study into 3P (Prosecution, Prevention, and Protection). It is known that Indonesia has occupied all ranks in a fluctuating manner (TIP Report 2001-2007) and in the past eleven years (TIP Report 2007-2018) has occupied the same Tier because its very poor at presenting law enforcement data and lack of transparency in dealing with government officials or law enforces individuals involved in trafficking. Besides, the problem of a lack of understanding of human trafficking among law enforcement officers and also the society and also with funding which is far from enough. KEY WORDS: Transnational Organize Crime, Human Trafficking, Trafficking In Person Report, Indonesia, Government Strategy.

This paper examines the Attorney General’s obligation, in Canada and New Zealand, to report on inconsistencies in proposed legislation with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. Although the obligations are similar, the Canadian and New Zealand Attorneys General have developed very different reporting cultures. The Canadian Attorney General has never issued a report; the New Zealand Attorney General has issued many. This paper’s thesis is that the different reporting cultures are attributable to the different constitutional structure in each jurisdiction and different understandings of the independence of the Attorney General. Under this analysis, the usefulness of comparative analysis between the two jurisdictions is limited: constitutional differences cannot be ignored. The paper evaluates proposed changes to the reporting obligation in each jurisdiction in light of this analysis.