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Tonti-Filippini, Nicholas. "Human dignity : autonomy, sacredness and the international human rights instruments /." Connect to thesis, 2000. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000563.
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Bowie, R. "The primacy of dignity and human rights education." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10488/.
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Human rights education (HRE) is a growing pedagogical force that lacks conceptual theorisation and awareness of an emerging postsecular context. This hampers the extent to which it can accomplish its aims of encouraging friendship between people of different religious and philosophical traditions while advancing a universal culture of rights. The thesis analyses the role of religion within HRE literature, both at an international and theoretical level, and in the curriculum documents for English schools, finding parallel weaknesses resulting from this shallow theoretical base. The thesis contributes to HRE literature with a distinctive analysis of the foundational concept of dignity and the meaning-giving narratives that contributed to the concept’s development. It unravels the complexities surrounding an often mentioned but seldom explained concept, identifying relationships between inherent worth, human flourishing and societal recognition. It demonstrates that taking an inclusive approach to this conceptual framework allows for two crucial ingredients in contemporary society: different meaning-giving narratives may be held, while a common ethical understanding of rights based on dignity is adhered to. It argues that the concept of dignity is a foundation for a particular pedagogical approach that advances a commitment to the inherent worth of the human person. The approach consists of two reflexive elements: a self-reflective enquiry into the faiths and philosophies of the individual learners and a dialogue with and for others. These elements are essential if the colonial mistakes of earlier human rights movements are to be avoided, and they identify the significance of religious education in HRE. A proposal for a recontextualised form of HRE that is theologically and religiously literate presents a distinctive offering to guide policy and practice. The proposal acknowledges the overlap between educational movement and theological thought and makes specific reference to contributions from contemporary Catholic thinking. The thesis aims to motivate further research to carry forward the HRE proposal and develop new thinking about postsecular education.
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Atienza, Rodríguez Manuel. "Human Dignity and Rights of Persons with Disabilities." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123464.
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In this article, the author analyzes the impact of the Kantian concept of human dignity in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Likewise, the author elaborates a critique of the principle which argues that persons with disabilities’ individual autonomy and capacity to make decisions must be respected, regardless of the particular circumstances of the case, and finally proposes an interpretation of this principle based on the principle of equality.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la incidencia del concepto kantiano d e d ignidad h umana e n l a C onvención I nternacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la ONU. Asimismo, el autor realiza una crítica al principio que sostiene que deben respetarse siempre, sin importar las circunstancias particulares del caso, la autonomía individual y la capacidad de las personas con discapacidad de adoptar decisiones, y, finalmente, propone una interpretación de este principio con base al principio de igualdad.
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De, Villiers Josephine Elizabeth. "Human dignity : a right or a responsibility?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53451.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While most people acknowledge the dignity of fellow humans, atrocities that deny the dignity of people are rampant in our world. The ongoing ignorance and aberrations of the dignity of human beings in the world might mean that there is still not clarity on what respect for the dignity of others really mean, how it should be practiced and whether human dignity is an entitlement or a responsibility. Human dignity was not always bestowed to every individual. In ancient times dignity was reserved for the strongest individual in and later was extended to certain classes, groups and nations like the monarchy and clergy, the Egyptians and Romans. The Renaissance brought a new consciousness of the worth of man. But despite this awareness, and the advent of a human rights culture as is found in the writings of modem philosophers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant, who all support the notion of human dignity, liberty and human rights, gross human rights violations still took place during the twentieth century. Stalin used the Russian people to create a successful socialistic state; Hitler exterminated all those who obstructed his ideal of creating a pure Aryan race, while Verwoerd legalized racial discrimination in South Africa and Namibia. As a result of the atrocities in Europe, especially during World War II, The United Nations was established with the aim to oversee and address human rights violations in the world. Human rights and respect for human dignity are included in the Bill of rights of the Constitutions of America, South Africa and Namibia. Health care providers acknowledge the rights of patients by respect for the autonomy of patients. Patients are autonomous persons and health care providers enable patients to take autonomous action. Autonomous action means that a patient will act with understanding, intention and without coercion. Paternalism is only justified when it serves to protect the patient or protect the rights of others. Health care providers practice autonomy by facilitating informed consent, by providing truthful information, by upholding confidentiality, to protect privacy of patients and to treat patients with respect. There is little uncertainty that people can claim the right to human dignity because persons have intrinsic worth as unique beings that are irreplaceable and exist as an end in themselves. Holy Scripture confirms that humans are created in the image of God. International human rights instruments and national constitutions provide people with the statutory right to human dignity and enable people to legally claim this right. But human dignity is also a responsibility because claiming a right has a reciprocal obligation on others not to violate the claimed right, but also requires from persons to value their own lives. Over reliance on science and rational thinking may negate human dignity because scientists do not always consider the needs of persons. The examples of world leaders like Gandhi, King and Mandela have also shown that one can earn human dignity through respectful conduct towards others. Protagoras of Abdera was aware of human worthiness as right and responsibility as long back as the fifth century Be, and this awareness still exists today.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte daarvan dat meeste mense die menswaardigheid van ander erken, misken gruweldade in die wereld steeds die waardigheid van baie mense. Die miskenning van menswaardigheid mag beteken dat daar steeds onduidelikheid is oor wat respek vir die menswaardigheid van ander werklik beteken, hoe dit gepraktiseer moet word en of menswaardigheid 'n reg of 'n verantwoordelikheid is. Menswaardigheid was nie altyd aan alle persone verleen nie. In die antieke beskawing was menswaardigheid grootliks gereserveer vir die sterker persone, en later vir sekere klasse, groepe en nasies, soos die monargie en geestelikes, die Egiptenare en Romeine. Die Renaissance het 'n nuwe bewuswording van menswaardigheid gebring. Maar ten spyte van hierdie bewuswording en die koms van die menseregtekultuur is die werk van moderne filosowe soos John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau en Immanuel Kant, wat almal die gedagte van menswaardigheid, vryheid en menseragte ondersteun, het gruwellike menseregte skendings steeds plaasgevind gedurende die twintigste eeu. Stalin het die Russiese volk gebruik om 'n suksesvolle sosialistiese staat te skep, Hitler het probeer om almal wat sy ideaal bedreig het om 'n egte nie-Joodse Kaukasiese nasie te skep, te vermoor, terwyl Verwoerd rassediskriminasie gewettig het in Suid-Afrika en Namibië. As gevolg van die gruweldade in Europa, veral gedurende die Tweede Wereldoorlog, het die Verenigde Nasies tot stand gekom om die menseregteskendings in die wereld te monitor en aan te spreek. Die Konstitusies van Amerika, Suid-Afrika en Namibië, erken menseregte en die respek vir menswaardigheid. Ook in gesondheidsorg word die regte van die pasiënt beskerm deur die beginsel van respek vir die outonomie van pasiënte. Pasiënte is outonome persone en gesondheidsorg werkers maak dit moontlik vir pasiënte om outonome handelinge uit te voer. Outonome handelinge beteken dat die pasiënt sal handel met intensie en sonder dwang en dat die handeling ten volle verstaan word. Paternalisme is alleen geregverdig wanneer dit die regte van die pasiënt of ander persone beskerm. Gesondheidsorg werkers fasiliteer outonomie van pasiënte deur ingeligte toestemming te verkry, pasiënte nie te mislei nie, vertroulikheid te handhaaf, privaatheid van die pasiënt te verseker en deur pasiënte te respekteer. Daar is min onsekerheid dat persone op die reg tot menswaardigheid kan aanspraak maak want mense het inherente waarde as mense wat nie vervang kan word nie en wat in hulself 'n bestaansdoel het. Die Skrif bevestig dat die mens na die beeld van God geskape is. Internasionale menseregte instrumente en nasionale konstitusies maak voorsiening vir die wettige reg tot menswaardigheid en maak dit vir mense moontlik om wettiglik op hierdie reg aanspraak te maak. Mense het egter nie net 'n reg tot menswaardigheid nie maar ook 'n verantwoordelikheid. Aanspraak op 'n reg tot menswaardigheid impliseer 'n wedersydse verantwoordelikheid dat ander die reg nie mag skend nie, maar vereis ook die verantwoordelikheid dat persone waarde aan hul eie lewens sal heg. Oorwaardering van die wetenskap en rasionaliteit mag ook menswaardigheid ontken, omdat menslike behoeftes nie altyd in ag geneem word deur wetenskaplikes nie. Voorbeelde van wêreldleiers soos Gandhi, King en Mandela bewys dat menswaardigheid ook verwerf kan word deur ander respekvol te behandel. Protagoras of Abdera was reeds in die vyfde eeu voor Christus bewus van menswaardigheid as reg en verantwoordelikheid, en hierdie bewussyn is steeds geldig vandag.
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Lewis, Matthew. "A Conception of Human Dignity : A study about human dignity as a guiding moral principle in the implementation and conflict of human rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411680.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a fruitful conception of human dignity, a conception that can be used as a guiding moral principle when trying to resolve the conflict of rights. Specifically, the question that this study attempts to answer is what is a fruitful conception of human dignity and how can it be used to deal with concrete issues pertaining to human rights? Two reports from special rapporteurs propose two different courses of action regarding the implementation of the right to protection of property, and this is the conflict that the proposed conception of human dignity tries to resolve. To develop a conception of human dignity a broad conception of human dignity is initially developed, through the usage of a Rawlsian reflective equilibrium, and it is further developed through a combination of a reflective equilibrium, examination of the conception in relation to overall coherence with the human rights tradition, and a consequence analysis. The latter is done by utilizing a consequence analysis with the aforementioned courses of action being applied in a specific case, the case of Tanzania. By using a consequence analysis, a proposed conception of human dignity and a reflective equilibrium the conception of human dignity could be developed further and contribute to resolve the specific conflict of rights that could be found in the reports of the special rapporteurs. The conclusion drawn was that both of the proposed courses of action, regarding the implementation of the right to the protection of property and in relation to the proposed conception of human dignity, had desirable and less desirable consequences. Therefore, a third way was proposed that sought to bridge the gap between both courses of action, by combining elements of both, and to strengthen the condition-dignity for the parties affected.
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Haberland, Bastian B. "Germ-line Interventions in the International Regime of Human Rights and Human Dignity." University of Canterbury. Law, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3264.
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Germ-line interventions allow parents to take influence on their child’s genetic disposition and give scientists the means to eradicate hereditary diseases. At the same time, nothing is more controversial in the realm of genetics than the child as an object of parental gustoes - the “designed child”. This article begins with an overview of the international regulations dealing with germ-line interventions. It then turns to the question whether there are international human rights that promote a permissive policy towards germ-line interventions, such as the right to health, as opposed to those international rules that seem to restrict the application of germ-line interventions, such as human dignity. The analysis results in the conclusion that the prohibition of germ-line interventions for non-therapeutic purposes is an evolving rule of customary international law. In order to give this rule a more tangible outline, the appendix contains the draft of a “Declaration on the Prohibition of Non-Therapeutic Germ-line Interventions
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Driver, Sahar DeAnne. "Decolonizing human rights| The challenges of ensuring the dignity and freedom of Iranians through a human rights framework." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3643099.
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The human rights industry today generates and organizes knowledge about the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iranians. The cultural archive it produces has been used to advance the global North's geopolitical interests and the accumulation of capital and power that leads to human rights abuses in the first place. Use of the human rights framework as a political strategy among Iranian–Americans and other allies acting from across geographic, political, economic, religious and other boundaries is therefore risky. The dangers it introduces should be examined alongside its tactical uses.
This dissertation presents a close analysis of certain observables that make visible "human rights" discourse or activity related to the Islamic Republic of Iran today. It presents an examination of a series of texts that give "human rights" its shape: from academic and journalistic accounts to online data aggregators, film, social media, and related policies. It traces its use by competing actors: from activists and politicians to business leaders and academics. In so doing, the dissertation reveals important political, emotional, intellectual, and socio-economic contestations that arise through use of the human rights framework.
The dissertation sheds light on the motivations and methods of entities that take up the human rights framework as a political strategy. It narrates the relations between observables, revealing the architecture of a human rights "industry" that consumes and produces knowledge about Iranians and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In so doing, this dissertation reveals the vulnerability of the human rights discourse and activities to other projects and finds that the human rights industry motors a form of (neo)Orientalism that should be interrupted if the network of actors around the world that are set up to address violations of "human rights" are to be effective at helping to maintain or uphold the dignity and freedom of Iranians in a sustainable way.
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Moka-Mubelo, Willy. "Reconciling Law and Morality in Human Rights Discourse: Beyond the Habermasian Account of Human Rights." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104877.
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Thesis advisor: David M. RasmussenIn this dissertation I argue for an approach that conceives human rights as both moral and legal rights. The merit of such an approach is its capacity to understand human rights more in terms of the kind of world free and reasonable beings would like to live in rather than simply in terms of what each individual is legally entitled to. While I acknowledge that every human being has the moral entitlement to be granted living conditions that are conducive to a dignified life, I maintain, at the same time, that the moral and legal aspects of human rights are complementary and should be given equal weight. The legal aspect compensates for the limitations of moral human rights the observance of which depends on the conscience of the individual, and the moral aspect tempers the mechanical and inhumane application of the law. Unlike the traditional or orthodox approach, which conceives human rights as rights that individuals have by virtue of their humanity, and the political or practical approach, which understands human rights as legal rights that are meant to limit the sovereignty of the state, the moral-legal approach reconciles law and morality in human rights discourse and underlines the importance of a legal framework that compensates for the deficiencies in the implementation of moral human rights. It not only challenges the exclusively negative approach to fundamental liberties but also emphasizes the necessity of an enforcement mechanism that helps those who are not morally motivated to refrain from violating the rights of others. Without the legal mechanism of enforcement, the understanding of human rights would be reduced to simply framing moral claims against injustices. Many traditional human rights theorists failed to reconcile the moral and legal aspects of human rights. That is why Jürgen Habermas, whose approach to human rights provides the guiding intuition of this dissertation, has been criticized for approaching human rights from a legal point of view, especially in Between Facts and Norms. Most of Habermas’s critics overlooked his goal in the project of reconstructing law. Habermas addresses the question of the legitimacy of modern law by finding good arguments for a law to be recognized as right and just. For him, modern law has two sources of legitimacy: human rights and popular sovereignty. He affirms their mutual presupposition in a system of rights within a constitutional democracy. In order to grasp Habermas’s moral considerations in his account of human rights, one has to go beyond Between Facts and Norms. That is why the relationship Habermas establishes between law and morality should constitute the starting point in understanding the moral dimension of human rights in his account of human rights. That relationship is clarified in the discussion on the interdependence between human rights and human dignity. Human dignity provides the ground from which human rights are interpreted and justified. Human dignity is the standpoint from which individuals can claim rights from one another on the basis of mutual respect. Because of human dignity, members of a political community can live as free and equal citizens. In order to achieve such a goal, there must be structures that facilitate social integration. Thus, the existence of a strong civil society that can stimulate discussion in the public sphere and promote a vigilant citizenry and respect for human rights becomes very important. The protection of human rights becomes a common and shared responsibility. Such a responsibility goes beyond the boundaries of nation-states and requires the establishment of a cosmopolitan human rights regime based on the conviction that all human beings are members of a community of fate and that they share common values which transcend the limits of their individual states. In a cosmopolitan human rights regime, people are protected as persons and not as citizens of a particular state. The realization of such a regime requires solidarity and the politics of compassion
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Choudhry, Aurang Zeb. "Internally Displaced Persons Rights in Human Rights Perspective(Specifically Focused on Pakistani IDPs Example) : “Basic Human Rights of IDPs to Attain Equality in Dignity and Rights”." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialantropologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5273.
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After the WWII, there was much concern to protect human rights situation all over the world. During the cold wars, huge displacement took place within different countries due to internal arms/ethnic conflicts. Millions of IDPs, who were uprooted by armed conflict or ethnic strife faced human rights violence. In 2002, there were estimated between 20-25 millions IDPs in the world (Phuong, p.1). Internally displacement is a worldwide problem and millions of the people displaced in Africa and Asia. These all Internal displacements of the people are only the result of the conflicts or the violations of the Human Rights but also sometimes it happened because of the natural disasters. “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights..."(Streich, Article 1) This article works as the foundation of human rights which gives every human being an equal rights and opportunity to maintain his/her dignity. Human Rights issues related to human dignity must be taken very seriously and should not be ignored at any level; Many human rights issues are not always visible, issues such as: privacy, security, equality, protection of social and cultural values etc. In this paper I am going to apply theoretical approach of “all human being are equal in dignity and rights” to defend IDPs rights.
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Karvelas, Nic. "Exploring the human rights understandings of educators." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24218.
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The Bill of Rights (Constitution of the RSA, Act No. 108 of 1996) is a cornerstone of democracy in South Africa. It enshrines the rights of all people in the country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom. As a legal instrument the Bill of Rights is open to differences in interpretation and understanding. The understanding and interpretation that educators attach to the rights contained in the Bill of Rights is of vital importance as it will determine how the upcoming generation will interpret and give meaning to these rights. The purpose of this study was to explore the human rights understanding of the educators at a Catholic school, and then to determine whether the understanding that these educators have about human rights concurs with the existing literature and where applicable, judgements of the Constitutional Court. A case study approach was undertaken with eight primary school educators at the school and using the evidence, collected from interviews conducted, the study found that as much as the understanding of the participants was generally in line with the literature and the Constitutional Court judgments, their understanding is largely theoretically based. As much as the participants have a clear understanding of the different rights, are able to attach meaning that is in line with universal definitions and does not transgress the legal bounds, the emergence of the nuanced opinions indicates that this understanding is limited by the values, traditions and societal norms that the participants associate themselves with and could lead to intolerance. In the final analysis, human rights and its associated concepts is defined and understood by individuals and groups of people in different ways. This understanding of human rights is intrinsically linked to culture, values, norms and societal perceptions. As a result, the understanding of this concept will differ from person to person and culture to culture. It is however possible that in many instances these different understandings are no more than different cultural and religious expressions of the same fundamental principles. As long as these different cultural and religious practises remain within the boundaries of the law, are not imposed on others and do not lead to intolerance, they should be respected and allowed to continue. These differences in interpretation, understanding and practise not only contribute to the ongoing debate around human rights and its associated concepts but in addition, contribute to the nurturing of democracy and freedom in South Africa. Where these differences in understanding, interpretation and practise become a contentious issue that cannot be resolved by the parties independently, as was the case in Christian Education SA v Minister of Education-CCT 4/00, the Constitutional Court can be approached in order to test the different understandings / interpretations and make an appropriate ruling on the matter.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Education Management and Policy Studies
unrestricted
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Lee, Man-yee Karen. "Equality, human dignity, and the grounds for the legalization of same-sex marriage." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508890.
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Fick, Sarah Johanna. "Consenting to objectifying treatment? Human dignity and individual freedom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20286.
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Thesis (LLM)-- Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an individual can and/or should be allowed to consent to objectifying treatment. This necessitated the determination of the meaning of dignity, the meaning of freedom and the relationship between dignity and freedom. It was found that both the right not to be objectified and the right to consent to objectification could be found within human dignity. This is due to the broad definition of dignity in terms of which dignity has two, sometimes contradicting, components. One component safeguards autonomy and the right to choose, which supports consent to objectification, whereas the other promotes individual self-worth by prohibiting objectifying treatment. By investigating the meaning of freedom it was found that freedom as a constitutional value, and possibly also a free-standing constitutional right, could incorporate the right to consent to objectifying treatment. Three possible solutions to this tension between human dignity and freedom were identified and critically analysed. The first was that an individual cannot and should not be allowed to consent to objectification. This solution is primarily based on the notion that dignity is supreme to freedom and that freedom should yield to communitarian dignity. Furthermore, it is contended that consent to objectification is often invalid due to economic coercion and undue influence. The second possible solution was that, although an individual might not be able to validly consent to objectifying treatment, such consent should still be allowed under certain circumstances. The example of invalid consent due to economic coercion introduced in the previous solution was examined in relation to prostitution. The contention regarding this approach is that, since our government is unable to fulfil the socio-economic needs of those who consent due to economic coercion, such consent should be allowed and strictly regulated. The third possible approach was that circumstances do exist in which individuals can give valid consent to objectification and that in these circumstances they should be allowed to do so. In this solution the grounds of the first approach is criticised by contending, for example, that dignity is not supreme to freedom, that a plural society should allow these type of choices and that consent to objectification is already allowed in some instances. The results of this study were that, although there are situations in which genuine consent is not possible, it can be given under certain circumstances. An individual who cannot give genuine consent to objectification should not be allowed to do so, unless transitional measures dictate otherwise. However, an individual who is capable of giving valid consent to objectification should be allowed to do so. Finally, regardless of whether such consent is genuine or not, strict regulation thereof is required.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of 'n individu kan toestem en/of toegelaat behoort te word om toe te stem tot objektiverende behandeling. Dit genoodsaak dat die betekenis van menswaardigheid en vryheid, asook verhouding tussen hierdie twee begrippe vasgestel word. Daar is bevind dat beide die reg om nie te geobjektifeer te word nie en die reg om toe te stem tot objektivering gevind kan word binne die begrip van menswaardigheid. Hierdie is te danke aan die breë definisie van menswaardigheid in terme waarvan menswaardigheid uit twee, soms weersprekende, komponente bestaan. Een komponent beskerm outonomie en die reg om te kies, wat toestemming tot objektivering ondersteun, terwyl die ander komponent individuele waarde bevorder deurdat dit objektiverende behandeling verbied. Tydens die ondersoek aangaande die betekenis van vryheid is bevind dat vryheid as 'n grondwetlike waarde, en moontlik ook 'n vrystaande grondwetlike reg, die reg om toe te stem tot objektiverende behandeling kan inkorporeer. Drie moontlike oplossings vir hierdie spanning tussen menswaardigheid en vryheid is geïdentifiseer en krities ontleed. Die eerste is dat 'n individu nie kan toestem en ook nie toegelaat behoort te word om toe te stem tot objektivering nie. Hierdie oplossing is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op die veronderstelling dat vryheid onderworpe is aan menswaardigheid en dat individuele vryheid moet toegee tot die menswaardigheid van die gemeenskap. Verder word dit beweer dat toestemming tot objektivering dikwels ongeldig is as gevolg van die ekonomiese dwang en onbehoorlike beïnvloeding. Die tweede moontlike oplossing was dat, alhoewel 'n individu nie noodwendig instaat is om geldige toestemming tot objektiverende behandeling te verskaf nie, sodanige toestemming onder sekere omstandighede steeds toegelaat behoort te word. Die voorbeeld van ongeldig toestemming as gevolg van ekonomiese dwang wat in die vorige oplossing bekendgestel is, is ondersoek aan die hand van prostitusie. Die bewering ingevolge hierdie benadering is dat, aangesien ons regering is nie in staat is om die sosio-ekonomiese behoeftes van diegene wat toestem tot objektivering as gevolg van ekonomiese dwang te vervul nie, sodanige toestemming toegelaat en streng gereguleer behoort te word. Die derde moontlike benadering is dat daar wel omstandighede bestaan waar individue geldige toestemming kan gee tot objektivering en dat hulle in hierdie omstandighede toegelaat behoort te word om dit te gee. In terme van hierdie oplossing word die gronde waarop die eerste benadering gebaseer is gekritiseer, deur byvoorbeeld te argumenteer dat menswaardigheid nie verhewe is bo vryheid nie, dat in ons huidige diverse samelewing sulke soort keuses aanvaar behoort te word en dat toestemming tot objektivering reeds in sommige geval toegelaat word. Die resultate van hierdie studie was dat, alhoewel daar omstandighede bestaan waaronder geldige toestemming nie moontlik is nie, dit wel onder sekere omstandighede gegee kan word. 'n Individu wat nie daartoe instaat is om geldige toestemming tot objektivering te gee nie, behoort nie toegelaat word om dit te doen nie, tensy oorgangsmaatreëls anders bepaal. Waar 'n individu egter in staat is om geldige toestemming tot die objektivering te gee, behoort dit toegelaat word. Ten slotte is streng regulering van toestemming tot objektiverende behandeling nodig ongeag of sodanige toestemming geldig is of nie.
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Watson, James David Ernest. "A universal human dignity : its nature, ground and limits." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25977.
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A universal human dignity, conceived as an inherent and inalienable value or worth in all human beings, which ought to be recognised, respected and protected by others, has become one of the most prominent and widely promoted interpretations of human dignity, especially in international human rights law. Yet, it is also one of the most difficult interpretations of human dignity to justify and ground. The fundamental problem rests on how one can justify bestowing an equal high worth to all human lives, whilst also attributing to all human life a worth that is superior to all non-human animal life. To avoid the speciesist charge it seems necessary to provide further reasons, over and above species membership, for why all humans have a unique worth and dignity. However, intrinsic capacities, such as autonomy, intelligence or language use, are too demanding for many humans (including foetuses or the severely cognitively disabled) to meet the required minimum standard, whilst also being obtainable by some non-human animals, regardless of where the level is set. This thesis offers a solution to this problem by turning instead to the significance of the relational ties between individuals or groups that transcend individual capacities and abilities, and consequently does not require that all individuals in the group need meet the minimum required capacity for full moral status. Rather, it is argued that a universal human dignity could be grounded in our social nature, the interconnectedness and interdependence of human life and the morally considerable relationships that can and do arise from it, especially in regards to our shared vulnerability and dependence, and our ability to engage in caring relationships. Care represents the antithesis to the dehumanizing effects of humiliation, and other degrading and dehumanizing acts, and as a relational concept, human dignity is often best realised through our caring relationships. The way that individuals and groups treat each other has a fundamental role in determining both an individual’s sense of self-worth and well-being, as well as their perceived public value and worth. Thus, whilst species membership is not in itself morally fundamental or basic, it often shapes the nature of our social and moral relations. These relational ties between humans, it is argued, distinguish us most clearly from other non-human animals and accord human relationships a special moral significance or dignity.
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Lee, Man-yee Karen, and 李敏儀. "Equality, human dignity, and the grounds for the legalization of same-sex marriage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508890.
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Chatzipanagiotou, Matthildi. "Practicing the law of human dignity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17459.
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Die philosophischen Grundlagen der Meta-Dimension des Rechts auf Menschenwürde lösen eine Fragestellung aus, die die Grenzen der Disziplin des Rechts übertrifft: wie könnte das Transzendentale als ein Aspekt der Bedeutung von Menschenwürde dargestellt werden? Das Beharren auf der nicht-Bestimmung des Menschenbildes oder auf dem Begriff ‚Gott’ in der Präambel des Deutschen Grundgesetzes, wie es sich in der Deutschen Dogmatik widerspiegelt, gepaart mit dem Bestreben nach einer Fall-zu-Fall ad hoc Konkretisierung dessen, was Menschenwürde bedeutet, inspiriert diese Untersuchung von ‚etwas fehlt’ [‘something missing’]. In postmoderner Art und Weise beschreibt diese Geschichte das Gesetz der Menschenwürde als Trojanisches Pferd und bietet hermeneutische und literarische Grundlagen für eine affirmative Haltung gegenüber einer ''leeren'' Rede im juristischen Diskurs. Die Forschungsfrage erweckt und umkreist die polemisch verbrämten Begriffe von ‚Leere’ und ‚Black Box’: Warum erscheint der Rechtsbegriff der Menschenwürde ‚leer’? Oder wie ist er ‚leer’? Warum und wie ist er eine ‚Black Box’? Wie erscheinen Manifestationen des Konzepts abstrakt wie Universalien, aber im Einzelnen konkret? Die ontologischen, sprachlich-analytischen und phänomenologischen philosophischen Erkenntnisse, vorgestellt im ersten Kapitel, bilden die Linse, durch die fünf maßgebliche Fälle des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes – über Abtreibung, lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe, Transsexualität, staatliche Reaktion auf Terroranschläge und die Gewährleistung eines menschenwürdigen Existenzminimums – im zweiten Kapitel analysiert werden. Die philosophischen Quellen werden nicht als Momente im langen Verlauf der Menschenwürde in der Geschichte der Ideen eingeklammert.The philosophical underpinnings of what may be called the meta-dimension of the law of human dignity trigger a question that surpasses the boundaries of the discipline of law: how could the transcendental as an aspect of human dignity meaning be portrayed? The insistence on non-determination of the Menschenbild [human image] or ‘God’ in the Preamble to the German Basic Law [Grundgesetz] reflected in German legal doctrine, paired with the commitment to case-by-case ad hoc concretization of what human dignity means inspire this story of ‘something missing’. In postmodern fashion, this story portrays the law of human dignity as a Trojan Horse and provides hermeneutic and literary foundations for an affirmative stance towards ‘emptiness’ talk in legal discourse. The research question rekindles and twists polemically framed ‘emptiness’ and ‘black box’ contentions: Why does the legal concept of human dignity appear ‘empty’? Or, how is it ‘empty’? Why and how is it a ‘black box’? How do manifestations of the concept appear abstract as universals and concrete as particulars? The ontological, linguistic-analytical, and phenomenological philosophical insights presented in Chapter One compose the lens through which five benchmark Bundesverfassungsgericht cases – on abortion, life imprisonment, transsexuals, state response to terrorist attacks, and the guarantee of a dignified subsistence minimum – are analyzed in Chapter Two. The philosophical sources are not bracketed as moments in the long course of human dignity in the history of ideas.
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Bond, Johanna. "Are Migrants' Rights Dependent Upon Their Capacity : A Content Analysis of European Migration Policy and Its Effect on Human Rights of the Most Vulnerable Migrants." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295366.
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This thesis examines what effect the economic discourse in EU migration policy might have on the view of migrants’ human rights in the European public opinion. The study is carried out as a qualitative content analysis of two central EU migration policy documents: The Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (2011), and A European Agenda on Migration (2015). The objective of the analysis is to determine whether the economic discourse have a dominant position in the documents and how this might affect the rights of the most vulnerable migrants. The analysis is based on a deductive approach in which existing theory have been analysed to identify key concepts upon which predetermined discourses have been decided and analysed in the documents. The analysis establishes that the economic discourse has a dominant position in the two documents, and that human rights are conditional. The analysis shows that migrants are stripped of their basic human rights due to the fact that they are not members of a community. The conclusion of the analysis is that human dignity is dependent upon your skills, competences and economic capital. It is expressed through the lack of political will to propose initiatives aimed at the most vulnerable migrants. The EU and is Member States are proposing stronger actions when it comes to attracting third country nationals to the EU that might contribute to economic growth.
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Penninga, Mark, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A Judeo-Christian account of human dignity in Canadian law and public policy." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/671.
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Understanding human dignity is integral to protecting human rights. An examination
of Canada‘s Supreme Court decisions and Canadian public policy debates reveals that human
dignity is being defined synonymously with individual autonomy and equality. This narrow
understanding has serious implications for people who are not able to assert their autonomy.
To understand the philosophical ideas behind these decisions, this thesis examines classical,
modern, and postmodern accounts of human dignity and concludes that they fall short in
providing an objective grounding for dignity that is truly human. It then looks to the Judeo-
Christian account of human dignity to provide a transcendent foundation for human dignity.
With this account, persons are rational and physical, relational, inviolable, and teleological –
a hopeful contrast to the prevailing contemporary accounts. This thesis then defends the place
of this religious perspective in our secular country.vi, 182 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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O'Rourke, Maeve. "Older people, dignity and human rights : towards the development of the rules against torture and ill-treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8536/.
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This thesis examines whether the rule against torture and ill-treatment in international human rights law could be interpreted to provide more effective protection to older people from key forms of mistreatment which they frequently experience. The thesis' inquiry is prompted by the current disagreement at the United Nations over whether the universal human rights framework contains 'normative gaps' or merely 'implementation gaps' regarding older people. The thesis argues that there are doctrinal shortcomings in the anti-torture framework as currently understood, which prevent the norm from effectively protecting older people in contexts of deprivation of liberty, lack of access to adequate care and impunity for 'historic' torture or ill-treatment. The thesis contends that these doctrinal limitations stem from conceptual paradigms developed without consideration of older people's experiences and from the tendency for discriminatory structures and attitudes in society and law to obscure older people's rights violations. The thesis proposes that dignity reasoning could guide and facilitate the norm's interpretation in order to more effectively protect older people. Maintaining that dignity is the core value underpinning the norm, the thesis proffers a substantive conception of a dignity violation that would shed light on older people's human experiences of torture or ill-treatment, thus challenging the norm's current formalistic constraints. A cornerstone of the proposed conception of a dignity violation is the idea of vulnerability. The thesis argues that an understanding of vulnerability as inherent or situational powerlessness would allow for the identification of structural causes of older people's mistreatment, which could be addressed by adaptation of the norm's positive obligations. By investigating the need and potential to address doctrinal shortcomings within the existing international human rights normative framework, the thesis provides a perspective that has been missing from the debate over a dedicated instrument on the rights of older people. The thesis also makes a unique contribution to scholarly analysis of the meaning and functions of dignity and vulnerability in human rights adjudication.
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Sosa, Sacio Juan Manuel. "Criticism of human dignity and the notion of “basic necessities” as a possibly better foundation for rights." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108420.
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What is the element in which human rights arebased? What is it that holds the set of rights that belong to every human being for the only fact of being such? Confronted with this questions, several different answers have been formulated. In the present, the position in doctrine that statesthat dignity should be the foundation of humanrights is the preferred.In this article, the author presents an alternative answer to these questions. He proposes the “basic human necessities” as the element in which human rights are founded. In order to achieve this, he criticizes the aforementioned position, and introduces arguments in favor of the one he defends.¿Cuál es el fundamento de los derechos huma-nos? ¿Qué es aquello que sostiene al conjunto de derechos inherentes a todo ser humano por susola condición de tal? Frente a estas preguntas sehan sostenido distintas respuestas. En la actua-lidad, prima en la doctrina la posición de que la dignidad debe ser el fundamento de los derechoshumanos.En el presente artículo, el autor nos plantea una respuesta alternativa a estas preguntas. Propone a las “necesidades humanas básicas” como fundamento de los derechos humanos. Para ello, critica a la posición anteriormente mencionada y plantea argumentos a favor de aquella que él sostiene.
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Zeng, Mima. "Restoring the dignity of human being a comparative study on the anthropology in Genesis 1-3 and the Chinese Christian's concept of man /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p078-0050.
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Zwane, Richard Petso. "Educators' understanding of learners' right to human dignity in secondary schools." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65478.
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The objective of this study was to investigate educators’ understanding of the right to human dignity within a school context. A sample of principals, deputy principals, senior teachers, HODs and educators from four different schools in one Education District in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa participated in this study. The study was motivated by the increasing number of cases that have been reported on the infringement of the learners’ right to human dignity which includes rape, sexual abuse, harassment, bullying and assault of learners in South African schools. A qualitative case study was conducted using interviews and document analysis to gather data. The conceptual framework was based on the interpretation and implementation of the right to human dignity. The study provided insight into what educators think of the the concept of human dignity and what they do or fail do regarding the promotion and protection of the right. Most participants perceived the right to human dignity as a basic right and related it to integrity and respect. However, there were also misconceptions about the concept. Some educators lacked an understanding of the right to dignity which had negative consequences on their classroom practice. This gave rise to infringements and violations of the right to human dignity of the learners as reported in this study. Name-calling, ridiculing and degrading of learners and character assassination were common experiences. The findings of this study also revealed a lack of clear guideline for educators to use in the promotion and protection of the right to human dignity. The findings indicate the necessity to conduct more school-based research on human rights that will open dialogue on how to integrate rights in teaching and learning activities. Educators do not seem to know how to interact with the learners in positive and constructive ways in their schools within the confines of the Constitution. This study supports the findings of Serame and others which call for a culture of humanity and accountability in South African schools.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
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Ncube, Kukhanya. "The right to water in the constitution and sustainable development in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6538.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThe South African Constitution, 1996 has placed the right to sufficient water as a Constitutional right. The provision of this right by the Constitution intends to redress the violation of human rights, to ensure that South Africa’s scarce water resources are protected from pollution and that every South African, including the poor and the marginalised, enjoys them. Consequently, the Constitution has placed a legal obligation on the government to realise the right to have access to sufficient water. In order for the government to fulfil its obligation to provide water as a right for present and future generations, it will need to implement the relevant legislation effectively to protect the country’s water resources. This study analyses Section 27 of the Constitution, which provides for the right to access to water, and the role of sustainability in conserving and protecting water resources, given the recurring water challenges.
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Donenwirth, Ian. "Freedom, dignity and the spirit of the revolution : an Arendtian perspective on the future of human rights in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4671.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-150).
Fourteen years have passed since the first democratic election in South Africa and twelve since the enactment of the Bill of Rights and the final Constitution. In that time period, the way South Africa has been perceived both domestically and abroad has fluctuated greatly.
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PENNA, IANA SOARES DE OLIVEIRA. "DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND RIGHT FOR IDENTITY IN THE GENDER REASSIGNMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18434@1.
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A presente dissertação defende a possibilidade da alteração do Registro
Civil dos transexuais para que constem nome e sexo condizentes com o seu sexo
reivindicado, mesmo nos casos em que não foi realizada a cirurgia de
redesignação sexual. A partir de uma visão da transexualidade capaz de alocá-la
fora dos marcos patologizantes e encará-la como uma experiência idenitária e
ainda diante da visão do sexo como um conceito pluridimensional envolvendo
fatores de ordem física, psíquica e social, a possibilidade de autodeterminação
sexual é vista como uma garantia constitucional. Usando hermenêutica civilconstitucional
é possível permitir uma maior autonomia privada no que diz
respeito às questões auto-referentes, notadamente em um Estado que tem como
pilares fundamentais do ordenamento jurídico a pluralidade e a dignidade da
pessoa humana. Nesse contexto, sendo a identidade sexual um dos componentes
da identidade, permitir que o titular do direito possa, de forma responsável e
consciente se autodeterminar é plenamente possível, mesmo diante da ausência de
norma expressa a respeito, sendo inclusive um direito a saúde, considerada em seu
aspecto psíquico. A Constituição, ao instituir um catálogo de direitos
fundamentais tutela entre outros direitos, a liberdade e a privacidade, permitindo
que cada um possa decidir sobre sua vida nas questões que dizem respeito às
situações existenciais de maneira a atender suas aspirações e seus valores.The current work defends the possibility of altering the civil register of transsexuals, so that it presents the name and gender appropriate to their claimed gender, even in the cases that sex reassignment surgery was not performed. Through a concept of transsexuality as an identity experience rather than a pathology and understanding gender as a complex concept, involving factors of physical, psychological and social order, the possibility of sexual selfdetermination is viewed as a constitutional right. Using a civil-constitutional hermeneutics, it is possible to allow a greater privacy and autonomy in relation to self-referring matters, especially in a State that have as its main pillars of it’s legal system the plurality and dignity of human beings. In this context, being gender identity one of identity components, allowing the right bearer self-determination, in a responsible and conscious manner is fully possible, even with the lack of a formal law regarding it, being it in fact a health right, in relation to its psychic aspect. The constitution, by creating a catalog of fundamental rights, assures private autonomy, allowing each one to decide about its life in matters regarding existential situations in a manner that fulfills its aspirations and values.
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Daniel, Larsson. "Capabilities and Civil Disobedience : A comparative analysis of The Capability Approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117885.
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This essay investigates whether Amartya Sen’s or Martha Nussbaum’s version of the capability approach is better suited to justify civil disobedience. The theoretical framework of my study is critical discourse analysis. This aims to establish the most significant conditions for the justification of civil disobedience. An interpretation of the conception of civil disobedience is presented. The investigation assumes that civil disobedience is justified when people advocate for a change in a policy or a law that limits the securing of basic capabilities. A major part of the essay is devoted to clarifying how the idea of basic capabilities relates to civil disobedience. I also emphasize the importance of human dignity as a universal value. I argue that this value is crucial to realizing why some capabilities are more basic than others. I show that Nussbaum is in a better position than Sen to explain when civil disobedience can be justified. This is because Sen lacks a framework of basic capabilities leaving it up to each nation to assess which capabilities ought to be secured.
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Novaes, Tulio Chaves. "Memória estética da injustiça: análise histórica e jurídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-11122012-103332/.
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A proteção do direito fundamental à memória assume um papel relevante na busca pelo aprimoramento dos meios de defesa e concretização dos Direitos Humanos na atualidade. Por meio da afetação desta faculdade humana essencial, o poder político opressor viabiliza as condições subjetivas ideais, necessárias à continuidade de suas prerrogativas de domínio. Ao apagar do meio externo os vestígios concretos das injustiças que pratica, retira da esfera mental dos sujeitos envolvidos nos processos históricos informações essenciais ao aprimoramento da consciência crítica. O presente estudo busca produzir dados teóricos para comprovar que a preservação da memória estética da injustiça, retratada com a revelação histórica das vítimas da barbárie, é requisito necessário à preservação das condições mentais ideais ao exercício da liberdade de ação. Igualmente, neste contexto, o trabalho indica que a revelação da verdade sobre o passado escondido subsidia elementos imprescindíveis à formulação de um referencial educativo, em compromisso com a emancipação do ser humano e com a construção de uma sociedade pautada na ética da dignidade.Nowadays, the protection of the fundamental right to memory takes up an important role in the search for improvement of means of defense and achievement of Human Rights. Through the affectation of this essential human faculty, the oppressive political power enables the subjective ideal conditions, necessary for the continuity of its prerogative of domain. When deleting the concrete traces of the injustices practiced from the external space, this kind of power removes from the mental sphere of the subjects involved in historical processes, essential information to the improvement of critical consciousness. The present study aims to produce theoretical data to prove that the preservation of the aesthetic memory of injustice, portrayed with the historical revelation of the victims of barbarism, is a necessary requirement to the preservation of mental conditions ideal for the exercise of freedom of action. Also, in this context, this study indicates that the revelation of the truth about the hidden past, subsidizes essential elements to the formulation of an educational reference, in commitment to the emancipation of human being and with the construction of a society based on the ethics of dignity.
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Miloradovic, Jovana. "Temporära migrationslösningar och mänskliga rättigheter : En kritisk granskning av EU:s flyktingpolitik." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395543.
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This study analyzes whether the EU's migration agreement with Turkey and negotiations on a agreement with Libya correspond with the requirements that can be imposed on the EU in regards to respect the rights of refugees. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a critical approach of EU's agreements with these two countries, from a legal and moral perspective. The study contains the central protections for refugees and asylum seekers in international law and European Union law. The moral perspective consists of an independent notion defining the respect for human dignity with regarding perceptions of Elena Namli and Seyla Benhabib. This study shows that EU's agreement with Turkey and negotiations on a agreement with Libya means displacing of EU's responsibility to ensure the protection of refugees. From the agreements it may be concluded that EU’s refugee policy prioritizes security issues over respect for human dignity.
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Oyero, Rofiah Ololade. "An appraisal of the right to dignity of prisoners and detainees with disabilities : a case study of Ghana and Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1099.
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"This paper addresses the right to dignity of a group of people with two vulnerabilities i.e. being a disabled person and a prisoner. The concept of dignity applies to prisoners and detainees irrespective of their offences at any given time. This is a right that is ascribed to a person by virtue of one's humanity and not one's circumstances. In Ghana and Nigeria, the rights of able and disabled prisoners are not given serious consideration. This is probably due to the fact that these two countries are still involved in violations of human rights and they are yet to implement most of the provisions in international human rights instruments. The protection of the rights of disabled prisoners is a mirage in the two countries probably because they constitute a minority and their vulnerability relegates them to the lower rungs of the society. However, international human rights instruments recognise that disabled persons have rights that should be respected. ... Despite these international standards, the treatment of disabled prisoners is still below the recommendation. This necessitates a study of the role which human rights law ought to play in the mitigation of the hardship of disabled prisoners, as their dignity is a central element to their existence." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Professor E.V.O. Dankwa at the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Legon
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Nascimento, Sandra. "Da restrição da autonomia da pessoa em prol da dignidade: ilustrado por estudo de casos da mídia televisiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-11022015-131533/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é o de fazer uma reflexão sobre a legitimidade da restrição da autonomia da pessoa para a proteção de sua dignidade, dando destaque para os casos que envolvem sua exposição na mídia televisiva. A partir do moderno conceito de dignidade humana, que confere ao Homem um valor intrínseco e absoluto, diferenciado em relação às coisas, em razão de sua capacidade de ditar suas próprias leis, sendo dotado, portanto, como proposto por Immanuel Kant, de uma autonomia, pretende-se analisar se os tratamentos a que se sujeitam as pessoas que voluntariamente participam de determinados tipos de programas televisivos constituem, de fato, uma ofensa à sua dignidade e se, por tal motivo, seria justificável a proibição de tais participações. Será feita uma abordagem, no desenvolvimento do trabalho, a respeito da elaboração do moderno conceito de dignidade humana e sua relação com a autonomia, a qual permite à pessoa formar suas convicções de acordo com seus próprios valores, direito que lhe é reconhecido pelo Estado democrático moderno. Far-se-á um estudo a fim de se tentar compreender se realmente constitui a dignidade humana um princípio ou valor absoluto segundo critérios objetivos que autorizem a limitação da autonomia da pessoa para protegê-la sem que isso configure uma ingerência indevida, por parte do Estado, em sua liberdade individual.This paper aims at doing a reflection about the legitimacy of the restriction of the person\'s autonomy for protecting his/her dignity, emphasizing the cases involving his/her exposition on TV media. Based on the modern concept of human dignity, that confers to man an intrinsic and absolute value, that makes him different of things, due to his capacity of doing his own laws, having, thus, as purposed by Immanuel Kant, an autonomy, the intention is to do an analysis if some treatments given to people that voluntarily participate in some kind of TV programs do represent a violation to their own dignity, and, for this reason, if it\'s justifiable to forbid people to take part in such programs. In the development of this paper will be made a study about the elaboration of the modern concept of human dignity and it\'s relation to autonomy, which allows a person to form his/her convictions according to his/her own values, what is recognized as his/her right in a modern democratic State. It\'ll be done a study to understand if human dignity is indeed an absolute principle or value according to objective criteria that authorizes the limitation of the autonomy of the person to protect him/her without making it represent an improper interference of the State in his/her individual freedom.
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Feliciano, Ivna Cavalcanti. "A Convenção de Nova Iorque e o (des)compromisso do seu intérprete: o paradigma inclusivo na óptica do STF." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1162.
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O presente trabalho percorre uma trajetória linear referente à causa das pessoas com deficiência, desde a invisibilidade destas, à visibilidade, partindo de uma penumbra histórica, política e social, à sua emancipação através de um esforço isonômico, como sujeitos de direitos. Buscou-se refletir sobre o caráter hegemônico da Teoria dos Direitos Humanos, e do ideal de dignidade da pessoa humana por ela perpetrado à luz das pessoas com deficiência. Objetivou-se compreender o paradigma integracionista fundado em um modelo clínico médico de deficiência em contraponto ao paradigma inclusivo, cunhado em um modelo social que visa redimensionar a compreensão da deficiência como ônus da sociedade. Procurou-se ainda compreender a contribuição da Convenção sobre o Direito das Pessoas com Deficiência na sedimentação do paradigma inclusivo no cenário internacional e interno. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva para verificar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal tem utilizado a Convenção desde a sua internalização no julgamento das causas relativas às pessoas com deficiência. Por fim, foram analisados de forma qualitativa os reflexos do compromisso inclusivo da Convenção nas decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que a mencionam.
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Penteado, Filho Hélio de Negreiros. "Dimensão epistêmico-jurídica da dignidade da pessoa humana: contribuição para uma teoria epistemológico- juridicamente fundamentada dos Direitos Humanos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18814.
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Hélio de Negreiros Penteado Filho.pdf: 2367958 bytes, checksum: d8f694983966d733e8f45766c17185aa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T14:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hélio de Negreiros Penteado Filho.pdf: 2367958 bytes, checksum: d8f694983966d733e8f45766c17185aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26
The more sensitive matter of human being are human rights and our dignity, the very foundation of freedom, justice and peace among all others. Brought to light the main importance of human rights, their recognition and effective defense against those who threaten against peace, justice and life. The inherent dignity of all human race members, and the main rule of legal and law rules, as social and moral standard, and its defense in all fields of action is an urgent and indispensable matter. The human dignity is a constitutional vector for justice and guarantee of democracy all over the world. Our best efforts in understanding, studying, debating is the best path of development into critical areas of the social sciences and one of the most important aspect of studying legal theories. Thus, starting from academic debates on guarantees and it effectiveness as well as how to defend and develop it are one way, among other approaches, to o build a culture of universal peace
O respeito pelos direitos mais caros à pessoa humana, fundamentos da liberdade, da justiça e da paz entre os povos trouxeram à tona a importância dos Direitos Humanos, seu reconhecimento e eficaz defesa contra aqueles que atentam contra a pessoa humana. A dignidade inerente a todos os membros da raça humana é valor máximo, norma de direito, norma social e moral e sua defesa em todos os campos de ação é imprescindível. A dignidade da pessoa humana é vetor constitucional pela justiça e garantia da democracia, sua compreensão, estudo, debate e desenvolvimento é fundamental para todas as áreas das ciências sociais e da mais alta importância nos estudos das teorias jurídicas. Assim, partindo de debates acadêmicos sobre sua forma, sobre garantias de eficácia das normas que a defendem e como acontecem seu reconhecimento e desenvolvimento, temos, dentre outras abordagens, uma das dimensões para construirmos uma cultura de paz universal
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Silva, Junior Luiz Antonio da. "EFETIVIDADE DA LEI No 9.455/97: ANÁLISE DA PUNIÇÃO DA TORTURA NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS A PARTIR DO RELATÓRIO DA PASTORAL CARCERÁRIA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2665.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-06The purpose of the thesis was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of Law No. 9.455, of April 7, 1997 (Act Against Torture), in the state of Goiás We sought to analyze their application through study of twenty-five cases reported by the pastoral prison of Goiás, since the likely establishment of a police investigation, through the manifestation of prosecutors to the decision by the Judiciary. The analysis was done through literature review and field research, the study of cases. Of the twenty-five episodes reported by the Ministry, only three passed the scrutiny of the authorities legally entrusted with finding the facts. Of these, there was only one conviction of public officials, in the first instance. In the other two, was the filing of the police investigation, for lack of the necessary elements of the complaint by offering public prosecutor. It was found that torture is present throughout the history of humanity, as an instrument of evidence, punitive and assertion of power. Despite the constitutional provision that expressly prohibits the use of torture, ratification of key international treaties and the enactment of Law No. 9.455/97, his practice has not been eradicated from our daily lives. One reason lies in the culture of violence, ie, the collective incentive to employ violence as a weapon against violence, yet the rule of law can not permit actions that put themselves above the law. There is a tonic vitiated from the beginning, because there is often no inquisitive establishment of a procedure for the investigation of complaints, discrediting the authorities of human rights protection that perform as well as descaracterizando the victim as a human being when it comes from the system penitentiary.
O propósito da dissertação foi analisar a efetividade da aplicação da Lei nº 9.455, de 7 de abril de 1997 (Lei contra a Tortura), no estado de Goiás. Buscou-se analisar sua aplicação mediante o estudo de 25 casos relatados pela Pastoral Carcerária de Goiás, desde a provável instauração de inquérito policial, passando pela manifestação do Ministério Público até a decisão do poder judiciário. A análise deuse por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com estudo de casos. Dos 25 episódios relatados pela pastoral, apenas 3 passaram pelo crivo das autoridades legalmente incumbidas da apuração dos fatos, e destes, em apenas um houve condenação dos agentes públicos, em primeira instância. Nos outros dois, houve o arquivamento do inquérito policial, por falta de elementos necessários para o oferecimento da denúncia pelo representante do Ministério Público. Verificou-se que a tortura se faz presente ao longo da história da humanidade, como instrumento probatório, punitivo e de afirmação do poder. Apesar da previsão constitucional que veda expressamente o uso da tortura, da ratificação de importantes tratados internacionais e da edição da Lei n° 9.455/97, sua prática não foi erradicada do cotidiano brasileiro. Um dos motivos reside na cultura da violência, ou seja, no incentivo coletivo de empregar a violência como arma contra a própria violência; todavia, o Estado de Direito não pode permitir ações que se coloquem acima do ordenamento jurídico. Há uma tônica viciada desde a origem, pois, muitas vezes, não há instauração de um procedimento inquisitivo para a investigação das denúncias, desacreditando as entidades de proteção de direitos humanos que as realizam, bem como descaracterizando a vítima como ser humano, se ela é oriunda do sistema penitenciário.
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Cabrita, Isabel Rute Sousa do Amaral Xavier. "Breve ensaio sobre os direitos humanos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3846.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações InternacionaisO objectivo deste estudo consiste em obter uma visão problematizante a respeito dos direitos humanos. Com tal fim em mente, sistematizámos os assuntos abordados de modo a obedecer ao seguinte conjunto de questões: (Q.1) O que são os direitos humanos? (Q.2) Qual é o sentido moral e político dos direitos humanos? (Q.3) Qual a relação existente entre direitos humanos e democracia? (Q.4) Os direitos humanos são um conceito universal? (Q.5) Quais são os principais desafios contemporâneos aos direitos humanos? A resposta às três primeiras questões impõe-nos uma reflexão em torno da ideia de direitos humanos e da evolução histórica desta ideia. A terceira questão leva-nos a uma comparação do princípio do respeito pelos direitos humanos e do princípio democrático. Por fim, a quarta e a quinta questão conduzem-nos ao levantamento de alguns dos mais profundos desafios contemporâneos ao movimento internacional dos direitos humanos. Dada a complexidade do tema apenas fornecemos pistas sobre os problemas colocados pelos direitos humanos e procuramos chamar a atenção para alguns dos sinais do nosso tempo.
The aim of this study is to build a problem posing vision of human rights. With that aim in mind, we have systematized the subjects under analysis according to the following set of questions: (Q.1) What is the meaning of human rights? (Q.2)What is the moral and political sense of human rights? (Q.3)What is the relationship between human rights and democracy? (Q.4) Are human rights a universal concept? (Q.5)What are the main contemporary challenges to human rights? The answer to the first three questions dictates a reflexion around the concept of human rights and the historical evolution of this concept. The third question takes us to the comparison between the principle of respect for human rights and the principle of democracy. At last, the fourth and fifth question leads us to the listing of some of the deep contemporary challenges to the human rights movement. Given the complexity of this theme, we just try to supply some leads regarding the problems posed by human rights and try to bring attention to some of the signs of current times.
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Lima, Torrado Jesús. "The legitimacy of the theorical, systematic and practical study of Human Rights foundation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118240.
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What this study proposes is, first, to state the essential questions the foundation of human rights. Secondly, we will answer to the problem of the theoretical, systematic and practical relevance of the foundation of human rights. It concludes with the idea of the need to base the rights from the ethics, philosophy of law, legal science and Sciences on the law as an instrument to consolidate the necessary link between theory and praxis and consequently as an instrument of guarantee rights.Lo que se propone este trabajo es, en primer lugar, enunciar las preguntas esenciales que plantea la fundamentación de los derechos humanos. En segundo lugar, responderemos al problema de la legitimidad teórica, sistemática y práctica de la fundamentación de los derechos humanos. Se concluye con la idea de la necesidad de fundamentar los derechos desde la Ética, la Filosofía del Derecho, la Ciencia Jurídica y las Ciencias sobre el Derecho como instrumento de consolidar la necesaria unión entre teoría y praxis y, consiguientemente, como instrumento de garantía de los derechos.
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Pillay, Justin. "Equality and non discrimination in tertiary education for the visually impaired." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8404_1297400944.
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The focus of this paper is the right of the visually impaired to access tertiary education that is not unfairly discriminative and unequal. The study is intended to highlight the inadequacy in the current legislation on equality such as the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 and the Higher Education Act 101 of 1997 in properly promoting the ideals and purpose of constitution. Furthermore to analyse the constitutional court's approach to equality and non discrimination in order to provide solutions and recommendations for changes to existing legislation that is indeed to be effective.It also aim to define what it means to have equality for the visually impaired, more especially in tertiary education through the constitutional court's definition of equality...
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Fernandes, Elizabeth Alves. "Bioética e direitos humanos: a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana na era da genética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-07072010-150239/.
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A bioética e o direito constituem braços de proteção da pessoa humana e dos direitos humanos quando afrontados por questões relacionadas à genética. O primeiro capítulo aborda a afirmação da máxima da dignidade humana e sua importância como princípio estruturante de todo o sistema ético e jurídico. O segundo capítulo introduz a bioética. São expostos os princípios proclamados pela bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça e estabelecida a relação necessária entre a bioética e os direitos humanos, determinando a consubstancialidade entre eles. Uma vez definida a importância da proteção da dignidade humana e a relação existente entre essa, a bioética e os direitos humanos, o trabalho expõe de forma analítica, nos capítulos sucessivos, os dois braços de salvaguarda de tal base. No primeiro deles, a ética é abordada como instrumento de proteção da sociedade que deve ser manejado segundo uma perspectiva universalista e dialógica, pois inserida em contexto democrático. No segundo deles, o direito é exposto no seu âmbito internacional, que tem consagrado declarações de direitos humanos específicas aos temas de bioética, e nacional, seja em relação ao substrato constitucional quanto ao infraconstitucional de proteção dos princípios envolvidos nas discussões bioéticas.Bioethics and Law are two complementary ways to protect the human being dignity and the human rights, when faced by questions related to genetics. This study discuss about the affirmation of the human dignity as well as its importance as structuring principle to the whole ethical and legal systems. The second chapter introduces the bioethics as well as its principles: autonomy, beneficence and justice, determining the necessary relationship between them and their consubstantiality. Once defined the human dignity importance as well as the relationship between it, bioethics and human rights, this study exposes, in an analytical way, the safeguard basis: ethics and Law. Ethics is exposed as a relevant instrument to protect the society in a universal and dialogic perspective, since inserted in a democratic context. The Law is seen on its international and constitutional spheres of human being protection.
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Neves, Jose Avenzoar Arruda das. "Sujeito, Direitos humanos e Cidadania Coletiva: o direito ao trabalho decente como garantia da dignidade do indivíduo." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7779.
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The current work aims at studying the relation between the right to work with the dignity of human beings based on the concepts of the subject of law, collective citizenship, human rights and decent work. The dissertation intends to defend the possibility of universalization of the right for decent work respecting the development of each civilization. It is a bibliographical study that criticizes the liberal and occidental perspective of human rights and that contradicts an intercultural perspective of such rights as a way to its universality. The arguments of those who defend the possibility of immediate effectiveness of the right for decent work have been analyzed and compared to the arguments of the ones who understand decent work as mere rule. The division of human rights in two international agreements is criticized, one related to civil and political rights and the other related to the social economic and cultural rights, reassuring the inability to separate these rights. The text criticizes the liberal perspective that has in the capitalist market its basis, and opposes an intercultural perspective, which has in the solidary economy one of its hypothesis of universalization of the right for decent work. It is concluded that there is no absolute obstacle to the possibility of the universalization of the right for decent work, but it depends of a fundamental change in the political, economic and cultural system, currently hegemonic.
O presente trabalho tem por objeto a relação do direito ao trabalho com a dignidade da pessoa humana a partir dos conceitos de sujeito de direito, cidadania coletiva, direitos humanos e trabalho decente. A dissertação busca defender a possibilidade de universalização do direito ao trabalho decente respeitando o estágio de desenvolvimento de cada povo. É um estudo bibliográfico criticando a perspectiva liberal e ocidental dos direitos humanos e contrapondo uma perspectiva intrercultural destes direitos como caminho para sua universalidade. Foram analisados os argumentos daqueles que defendem a possibilidade de efetividade imediata do direito ao trabalho decente, comparando estes argumentos com aqueles defendidos por quem entende o direito ao trabalho decente como mera norma de natureza programática. Critica-se a divisão dos direitos humanos em dois pactos internacionais, um tratando dos direitos civis e políticos e o outro tratando dos direitos econômicos sociais e culturais, reafirmando a indivisibilidade destes direitos. O texto critica a perspectiva liberal que tem no mercado capitalista o seu fundamento e contrapõe uma perspectiva intercultural que tem na economia solidária uma de suas hipóteses de universalização do direito ao trabalho decente. Conclui-se que não há obstáculos absolutos a possibilidade de universalização do direito ao trabalho decente, mas isto depende de uma mudança fundamental no sistema político, econômico e cultural, hoje hegemônico.
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Svensson, Anna-Carin. "Stories from the grassroots : Garima activists about their fight for freedom and dignity as Dalit women in Indian Madhya Pradesh." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17174.
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This research is a result of a nine week field study during spring 2012, with the purpose of highlighting the stories of Dalit women in Madhya Pradesh, India. Together with a fellow student at Södertörn University, I investigated the Garima Campaign, an ActionAid project working with Dalit women forced to endure the illegal practice of manual scavenging, the manual removal of human excreta from dry toilets. This research was funded by a Minor Field Study scholarship provided by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). In this paper I investigate how these oppressed women may change their life situation and self-image through participation in a group of peers striving towards the same goal, asking the questions: how do they narrate their former life as manual scavengers, what is it that persuaded them to join the campaign, and what kind of attitudes did they encounter from other members of society? Following this, focus is on communication and how it can contribute to improving the life conditions of people of low social status. The theories used for this purpose are intersectionality and empowerment, as well as Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field and symbolic violence. The data was drawn from interviews with female former manual scavengers, supported by observations of their life situation and on other background material. The results of this study corroborate the findings of much of the previous work in this field, especially in relation to the treatment of manual scavengers by the rest of society. However, there seemed to have been three major arguments that finally convinced the women to quit working as manual scavengers. The first one related to their feeling of dignity. The second one dealt with them being aware of their human rights, which supports the argument that awareness may lead to change. The third argument was an important pathos argument, and consisted of the fact that their children were mistreated in school and that the women did not want their children to feel bad about their social situation. In the Garima campaign the women are allowed to do things taboo for Indian women, especially for Dalit ones, like disturbing the existing system and standing up for their rights by kicking up a fuss. The campaign opened up a new arena in which they did not only work to abolish manual scavenging practices, but also worked to attack the caste system on the grass-roots level. In informing others, convincing them to stop the practice, the self-confidence of the women was strengthened further, as individuals and as a group.
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Markström, Lindgren Kajsa. "The dystopia between a universal "Empire of meaning" and local contexts : a study of humanity, UN dominance and the interaction process of sensemaking." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253777.
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There seems to be a gap between human rights theory and human rights practice. This gap disables rights to be applicable in practice in a meaningful manner. By theorizing this gap with Neil Thompson’s theory of “thinking” and “doing” while shedding light to this gap with a postmodern flashlight, the study shows that the concepts of human rights, human dignity, culture and ideology are in need to be addressed and added to this discourse and certainly to the overall discourse of human rights. A way of doing this is to make rights in the vernacular, as Sally Engle Merry suggests. What will be the consequences of vernacular rights? What is needed is thus to translate universal values into local contexts by acknowledging the cultural dimension of rights and to learning through experience.
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Grisi, Neto Afonso. "A proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana como causa justificadora para uma intervenção internacional institucional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21485.
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During the last two decades, the matter of States’ internal conflicts has been becoming important as well as their adverse consequences, which come from the survival conditions of their populations, bringing the discussion of a theme which, for a long time, has been deserving the attention of International Relations and International Law scholars and which consists of the pursuit of a system composed of principles and rules meant to promote, in the broadest way possible, the protection and defence of dignity and rights of the human person. Associated to this matter and to its corollary, there is place for one of the most burning and controversial themes of politics and international relations, which is the admissibility of interventions practiced by States and International Organizations in States in which situations of flagrant contempt of the minimal conditions of human dignity can be verified. The discussion around an intervention undertaken on the conditions already mentioned before is inserted in a broader debate involving two significant issues about international relations, which are State’s sovereignty and legitimacy of humanitarian interventions. The classical concept of sovereignty states that it means absolute power of the State over people and things within its territory and, in this sense, an intervention in a particular State, even if aimed towards humanitarian ends, would represent an affront to its sovereignty. During the last two decades, however, by the proliferation of internal conflicts in several States, discussion has arisen on whether the State, in the name of its sovereignty, had the right to inflict suffering and, in many cases, even to kill its population. In 2001, the United Nations (UN), upon the study of a specialized commission, released the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine. According to this doctrine, the State is responsible for giving protection and assistance to its population and if, somehow, it does not comply with its obligation or is incapable of doing so, the international community will supply this State’s deficiency, intervening in order to reorganize it, restoring peace and stability to its population. According to the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine, State’s sovereignty, formerly seen as a State’s “right”, becomes its “responsibility” to protect its population. As it is seen, the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine has a double objective: 1) it grants the first responsibility to protect its population to the respective State; 2) it enables, additionally, the UN’s intervention in this State, as an institution representing the international community. The alluded doctrine comes to support a mechanism from the UN’s Letter, which forbids the intervention practiced in a State, unilaterally, by another State or by groups of States, without a warrant from that entity. Therefore, it is through the sense of dignity as a human person’s essence, as his or her intrinsic value, that it is developed, in the present work, the idea that every aggression to this fundamental value, coming from the own State, coming from radical groups established in it, is framed as an international illegal act. In this sense, the UN, with all its flaws and imperfections, is still the representative body of international community. Thus, the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine can be considered a significant step towards the search for means and instruments, which legitimize and justify humanitarian interventions
Nas duas últimas décadas, vem ganhando vulto a questão dos conflitos internos dos Estados e das nefastas consequências deles advindas quanto às condições de sobrevivência de suas populações, trazendo à discussão um tema que de há muito vem merecendo a atenção de estudiosos das Relações Internacionais e do Direito Internacional e que consiste na busca de um sistema de princípios e normas destinado a promover, da forma mais ampla possível, a proteção e a defesa da dignidade e dos diretos da pessoa humana. Associada a essa questão e como seu corolário, tem lugar um dos temas mais candentes e polêmicos da política e das relações internacionais, que é o da admissibilidade de intervenções levadas a efeito por Estados e por Organizações Internacionais em Estados nos quais se verifique situações de flagrante vilipêndio das condições mínimas de dignidade humana. A discussão em torno de uma intervenção empreendida nas condições antes referidas insere-se em um debate mais amplo envolvendo duas questões de relevo nas relações internacionais, quais sejam, a soberania do Estado e a legitimidade das intervenções humanitárias. O conceito clássico de soberania diz que esta significa o poder absoluto do Estado sobre as pessoas e coisas dentro de seu território e, nesse sentido, uma intervenção em determinado Estado, ainda que levada a efeito com fins humanitários, representaria uma afronta a sua soberania. Nas duas últimas décadas, no entanto, com a proliferação dos conflitos internos em diversos Estados, passou-se a discutir se o Estado, em nome de sua soberania, tinha o direito de infligir sofrimento e, em muitos casos, até de matar sua população. Em 2001, a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), após o estudo de uma comissão especializada, lança a doutrina da “Responsabilidade de Proteger”. Segundo essa doutrina, compete ao Estado dar proteção e assistência a sua população e se, de algum modo, aquele não cumprir com esta obrigação ou não tiver condições de fazê-lo, a comunidade internacional suprirá essa deficiência do Estado, intervindo neste para o fim de reorganizá-lo, devolvendo a paz e a estabilidade a sua população. De acordo com a doutrina da “Responsabilidade de Proteger”, a soberania do Estado, antes entendida como um “direito” do Estado, passa a ser uma “responsabilidade” deste de proteger sua população. Como se vê, a doutrina da “Responsabilidade de Proteger” visa a um duplo objetivo: 1) confere a responsabilidade primeira de proteger sua população ao respectivo Estado; 2) permite, subsidiariamente, a intervenção por parte da ONU nesse Estado, como instituição representativa da comunidade internacional. A aludida doutrina vem corroborar dispositivo da Carta da ONU, que veda a intervenção levada a efeito em um Estado, unilateralmente, por outro Estado ou por grupos de Estados, sem mandato daquela entidade. Portanto, é na acepção de dignidade como essência da pessoa humana, como seu valor intrínseco, que se desenvolve, no presente trabalho, a ideia de que toda agressão a esse valor fundamental, seja por parte do próprio Estado, seja por parte de grupos radicais nele estabelecidos, configura um ilícito internacional. Nesse sentido, a ONU, com todos os seus defeitos e imperfeições, ainda continua a ser o órgão representativo da comunidade internacional. Desse modo, a doutrina da “Responsabilidade de Proteger” pode ser considerada um passo significativo na busca de meios e instrumentos que legitimem e justifiquem as intervenções humanitárias
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Tilly, Anne-Lise. "L’accès aux soins à l’épreuve de la pauvreté : les tensions entre la fondamentalité du droit et l'universalisme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD040.
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Ancrée d’abord dans la charité, se métamorphosant dans la philanthropie libérale, dans la fraternité révolutionnaire, puis dans la solidarité républicaine, la fondamentalisation de l’accès aux soins des pauvres a finalement trouvé refuge dans les droits de l’Homme. Depuis la loi d’orientation relative à la lutte contre les exclusions du 29 juillet 1998, elle se traduit ainsi en France par l’affirmation d’un droit fondamental à la protection de la santé. Cette mutation est loin d’être anodine. L’action des pouvoirs publics et la responsabilité de la société dans la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale en santé s’en trouvent déportées du terrain économique et caritatif vers le terrain juridique. L’accès aux soins des pauvres ne relève plus seulement d’un devoir moral, mais aussi d’une obligation juridique en vertu du droit international des droits de l’Homme et des exigences constitutionnelles françaises. Mais quel est donc le contenu de cette obligation juridique ? Quelles sont la nature et la portée réelle de la notion juridique de droit fondamental à la protection de la santé, et de son emploi en lieu et place de celle de pauvreté ? Comment peut-elle s’inscrire dans un processus dynamique et pragmatique d’universalisation de l’accès aux soins ?C’est ainsi à une étude critique de la juridicisation contemporaine de l’accès aux soins des pauvres que la recherche s’attelle. Certes, la fondamentalisation de l’accès aux soins des pauvres se déploie désormais sur la base d’un droit fondamental à la protection de la santé. Mais le choix des moyens et des voies de réalisation de ce dernier ne fait pas consensus, et les juges hésitent toujours à sanctionner et contrôler pleinement le respect de son application. L’universalité de sa proclamation ne s’est pas encore muée en universalité de sa concrétisation. L’émergence d’un droit fondamental pour garantir l’accès aux soins des pauvres n’est en effet pas sans poser de difficultés. Ces dernières qui s’expriment de façon de plus en plus criante aujourd’hui tiennent à la tension irréductible entre son horizon d’universalité et sa pratique discriminatoire et ségrégative, mais aussi à son interactivité avec les autres droits jugés fondamentaux dans un monde où la santé est devenue un marché globalisé et la solidarité peut être assimilée à un délit.Malgré son inscription au sommet de la hiérarchie des normes, le droit à la santé reste en effet l’un des plus inégalement appliqués. S’il induit un principe d’égal accès aux soins, sa mise en œuvre catégorielle et différenciée pour les plus démunis entre en tension avec l’universalisme des droits de l’Homme. Aussi, l’effectivité des droits créances aux soins dépend fortement des finances publiques et donc des volontés politiques. Elle pose la question des devoirs de solidarité à imposer aux citoyens. Or, l’importance politique prise par l’économie dans le monde actuel vient particulièrement entraver les développements juridiques de la solidarité dans l’accès aux soins, en réduisant le rôle et les capacités de l’État providence. S’institue progressivement une forme de précarité sociale généralisée qui compromet l’accès aux soins de nombreuses personnes. En réintégrant les droits de l’Homme dans le débat, les nouvelles politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté tendent cependant à redonner sens au projet humaniste. L’éthique politique moderne en particulier, et la notion qui la traverse aujourd’hui, l’inclusion sociale, influencent les réflexions doctrinales, et avec elles les représentations du droit comme outils de la justice distributive. Désormais, les juristes se préoccupent des notions d’effectivité, de justiciabilité et d’exigibilité des droits sociaux aux soins. De nouvelles réponses sociales et juridiques émergent afin de donner aux personnes précaires et pauvres les capacités d’exercer pleinement leur droit fondamental à la protection de la santéBe in motivated by group or individual interest, the desire to help the poor appears as a constant around the world and throughout history. Originally anchored in charity, then reincarnated in liberal philanthropy, in the fraternity of the revolution, and in republican solidarity, the fundamentality of healthcare access for the poor finally found its home in Human Rights. Since the Framework Act on Measures to Combat Exclusion of 29 July 1998, the protection of health has been considered a fundamental right in France.This new incarnation is far from anodine. Government action and social responsibility in the fight against social exclusion in healthcare, have moved from an economic and charitable framework to a legal one. Healthcare access for the poor is no longer considered as just a moral duty, but also a legal obligation enshrined in international Human Rights law and the French Constitution. But what is the real content of this legal obligation? What is the nature and real application of the legal notion of a fundamental right to the protection of health, and how is this used to reduce poverty? How can we take poverty into account in the dynamic and pragmatic process of the universalisation of access to healthcare.This research thus attempts a critical study of contemporary legislation on healthcare access for the poor. Certainly, the fundamentality of healthcare access for the poor follows naturally from the fundamental right to the protection of health. But there is no consensus on the manner and means of its implementation, and the judiciary has hesitated to fully sanction and control its application. The universality of the proclamation has not yet been translated into universality of its realization. The emergence of a fundamental right guaranteeing access to healthcare for the poor is not without its difficulties. These difficulties, today more visible than ever, arise from the irreducible tension between the theoretical universality of this right and its discriminatory and segregative practice. Challenges also arise from the interaction of this and other rights considered fundamental in a world where health has become a globalized market and solidarity perhaps akin to a crime.Despite its place at the summit of the hierarchy of norms, the right to health remains one of the most unequally applied. If it demands a principle of equal access to healthcare, its discriminatory and segregational implementation among the poorest is at odds with the universalism of Human Rights. Moreover, the ability to claim the right to healthcare is highly dependent on public finances and political will. It requires that a duty of solidarity be imposed on citizens. However, the political importance given to the economy in the world today impedes on the legal development of solidarity in healthcare access, reducing the role and capacity of the welfare state. A generalized form of social precariousness is gradually being established, compromising access to healthcare for many people. By reintroducing Human Rights to the debate, new policies in the fight against poverty are beginning to bring meaning back to this humanist project. Modern political ethics in particular, and the current drive for social inclusion, are influencing doctrinal reflections, and with them the perception of the law as a tool for redistributive justice. Thus, lawyers now consider the notions of effectiveness, justiciability and accountability when addressing social rights to healthcare. New social and legal responses are emerging to empower people living in poverty or insecurity to fully exercise their fundamental right to the protection health
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Lee, Yun Ki. "O fecho reflexivo da liberdade na dignidade: a função da livre iniciativa de promover o bem de todos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20694.
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With the purpose of consolidating the human person as the foundation and the end of society, the human dignity entrenched into constitutionalism, providing a new way to think and experience the socio-political relationship based on legal system and to pursue the essential goal of promoting well-being of all, the common good, in its general expression. On the other hand, the approach to liberty is presented in a sense of relationship, as a social value, expressed in interactions that an individual maintains with another one, with society and with the State, where its conception mirrors the mutations of such social relationships, in reflection of variation of the person‘s own idea, depending on time and place. Connecting concepts of liberty, as a fundamental human right, and of human dignity, under perspective of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1998 and inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR-UN, 1948), in a reflexive relation mode of reciprocal protection and promotion, we depurate the fundamental objective of the human dignity, and of all society, that is, to promote well-being of all. Therefore, taking liberty as a mean to achieve the common good, just as processed by all fundamental human rights, the cycle is closed with liberty on dignity and with free enterprise serving, also, to promote well-being of all
Com o propósito de consolidar a pessoa como o fundamento e o fim da sociedade, a dignidade humana entranhou-se no constitucionalismo, estabelecendo uma nova forma de pensar e experimentar a relação sociopolítica baseada no sistema jurídico e de buscar a finalidade essencial de promover o bem de todos, o bem comum em sua expressão geral. Por sua vez, a abordagem da liberdade dá-se no sentido de uma relação, como um valor social, manifestada nas interações que um indivíduo mantém com o outro, com a sociedade e com o Estado, de forma que sua concepção espelhe as mutações de tais relações sociais, em reflexo da variação da própria ideia da pessoa, a depender do momento e do lugar. Conectando os conceitos de liberdade, enquanto direito fundamental e humano, e de dignidade da pessoa humana, sob a perspectiva da Constituição Federal de 1988 e inspirado na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (DUDH-ONU, 1948), em modo de relação reflexiva de resguardo e de promoção recíprocos, depuramos o objetivo fundamental da dignidade da pessoa humana, e de toda sociedade, qual seja, de promover o bem de todos. Assim, contando com a liberdade como meio para realizar o bem comum, tal como se processa com todos direitos fundamentais e humanos, fecha-se o ciclo com a liberdade na dignidade e com a livre iniciativa a servir, também, para promover o bem de todos
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Costa, Aline Moreira da. "Direitos humanos e previdência social brasileira à luz do princípio da proibição do retrocesso social." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-28072014-134327/.
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A questão dos direitos humanos sempre teve como principal embasamento a noção de pessoa humana e sua dignidade. Corolário lógico dessa acepção é a formalização de tais direitos como previsões obrigatórias a todas as Constituições, de forma a garantir a limitação do poder do Estado e o pleno desenvolvimento da personalidade humana. Daí a noção de direitos fundamentais. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a questão do direito fundamental à Previdência Social no Brasil sob o prisma de sua importância como direito humano, e consequentemente, direito fundamental, e à luz do princípio da proibição do retrocesso social. Suporta-se na necessidade de observância dos princípios humanistas para uma efetiva e eficiente proteção dos direitos sociais no Brasil, sem os quais se deflagra retrocesso social. Tem sua relevância baseada em uma temática constantemente atualizada, consequência das várias mudanças enfrentadas pelo sistema de proteção social no Brasil, em especial o previdenciário, atualmente conduzidas muitas vezes sem qualquer preocupação do princípio basilar da dignidade da pessoa humana. Este trabalho é iniciado com a verificação da definição de direitos humanos e as questões a eles correlatas, tais como sua convolação em direitos fundamentais e a possibilidade de restrição ou limitação dos mesmos. Em seguida, é abordada a temática da proteção dos direitos humanos a partir da concepção de retrocesso social e o momento de sua efetivação, a partir da identificação do aspecto nuclear do direito a ser protegido. Na sequência, o direito fundamental à previdência social é avaliado desde sua percepção até sua fundamentação, em cada uma de suas nuances, sob os preceitos da proibição do retrocesso social. Por fim, à luz de tudo o quanto foi apurado, passa-se a uma análise concreta das hipóteses em que houve ameaça ou efetivação de retrocesso social na previdência social brasileira, bem como a possibilidade de sua permissão em determinadas situações, sem que isso se configure prejuízo à justiça social e à dignidade humana.The issue of human rights has always had as its main foundation the notion of the human person and his dignity. A logical corollary of this interpretation is the formalization of such rights as mandatory provisions in all Constitutions, as a way to insure the limitation of the power of the State and the full development of the human personality. Thence the notion of fundamental rights. The objective of the present study is to analyze the issue of fundamental rights to Social Security in Brazil under the angle of its relevance as a human right, and consequently, a fundamental right, and in the light of the principle of prohibition of a social regression. This is supported by the need to observe humanist principles for an effective and efficient protection of social rights in Brazil, which, if not present, a social regression is triggered. It has its relevance based on a theme that is being constantly updated, which is a consequence of several changes confronted by the system for social protection in Brazil, especially the social security segment, handled sometimes without any concern for the cardinal principle of dignity of the human person nowadays. This work begins with the verification of the definition of human rights and the issues correlated to it, such as its conversion to fundamental rights and the possibility for their restriction or limitation. Afterwards, it is addressed the thematic for the protection of human rights based on the conception of social regression and the moment it becomes effective, based on the identification of the core aspect of the right to be protected. In the sequence, the fundamental right to social security is evaluated from its perception to its institution, in each one of its nuances, under the precepts of the prohibition of social regression. Finally, in the light of everything that has been assessed, begins a concrete analysis of the hypotheses where there was a threat to or a materialization of social regression at the Brazilian social security, as well as the possibility to allow it in particular situations, without any damage to social justice and to human dignity.
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Pillay, Neelan. "Teachers’ knowledge of legislation and education law specifically and its influence on their practice." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43224.
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This study argues that education law is of paramount importance in order to be a successful
teacher in our democracy where human rights of all stakeholders are protected and as such
remains the responsibility of government to ensure that all new teachers are trained in the
field of education law.
This dissertation reports to the significance the participants attach to education law and to
their attitudes and their practice in schools. It continues to answer the question whether
knowing the legal rules is in fact changing the game on ground level. There are differing
perspectives on the exact essence of education law; however, there seems to be consensus
in the literature that the fundamental function of education law is to regulate the rights
and obligations of the interested parties in order to make the school conducive for teaching
and learning. The education law functionally contributes to the creation of harmonizing
relationships and ensuring co-operation amongst all stakeholders. Education law therefore
creates a clear framework for the professional role of teachers. The law defines the border
of the playfield and actions at stake in the education sector. Education law as module in Higher Education programmes deals with issues that pertain
directly to the teaching profession. These include inter alia governance, the Bill of Rights,
instructions/regulations, limitations, application of legal principles and expectations
regarding the teacher as an employee. It deals with legal applications and the legal
balancing of human rights in educational practice. As a result, it is assumed that teachers
may feel somewhat overwhelmed by the content of an education law module and its
associated outcomes. This dissertation will therefore also deal with the ability of teachers
to understand and apply the values that underpin the Constitution of the Republic of South
Africa. Education should lead young citizens towards occupying their place in a democratic
society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. The dissertation argues that
insufficient knowledge of education law is impacting negatively on a culture of human
rights application in our school system which results that the school system is unsuccessful
and do not fulfil its obligations in a democracy. This may result in the DoBE being held accountable for not empowering teachers to develop our young citizens to fulfil their place
in our democracy.
In light of the impact of education law, this dissertation is essentially divided into three
sections:
The first section provides an overview of the issues and challenges of teachers
who have had no formal exposure to education law;
The second section focuses on the impact on teachers who have studied
education law as part of their teaching qualification, and
The third section seeks to offer policy recommendations as remedy, inter alia to
include education law as part of all teachers’ training curricula in South Africa.
The legal remedies that this dissertation advocates is that Government should take on their
legal responsibilities towards its employees without turning a blind eye on the value crisis
in our country. Government is accountable to ensure that each teacher is skilled and have
the competencies to apply legal principles and human rights to instil a culture of human
rights that is conducive for teaching in our school system.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
unrestricted
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Ishikawa, Lauro. "O direito ao desenvolvimento como concretizador do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8165.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-04The dignity of the human person is the foundation and guarantee national development is fundamental goal of the Federative Republic of Brazil, as provided in Title I of the Federal Constitution of 1988. As the international texts on human rights the right to development is viewed as a human right consists of civil, political, economic, social and cultural. These rights form the catalogue of fundamental rights and, being inseparable, must ensure the minimum existential to everybody. As a fundamental right, the right to development, including those rights and guarantees arising from international treaties that the Brazil is party, must have immediate application, be put director element of the principle of human dignity
A dignidade da pessoa humana é fundamento e a garantia do desenvolvimento nacional constitui objetivo fundamental da República Federativa do Brasil, conforme disposto no Título I da Constituição Federal de 1988. Conforme os textos internacionais sobre direitos humanos o direito ao desenvolvimento é tido como um direito humano constituído de direitos civis, políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais. Esses direitos integram o catálogo de direitos fundamentais e, sendo indissociáveis, devem garantir o mínimo existencial a todos. Como direito fundamental, o direito ao desenvolvimento, incluídos aqueles direitos e garantias decorrentes dos tratados internacionais que é parte o Brasil, deve ter aplicação imediata, posto ser o elemento concretizador do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana
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Rossouw, Melene Cynthia. "Democracy in action: Public participation and the progressive realisation of socio-economic rights." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6460.
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Magister Legum - LLMWhile the Constitutional Court has repeatedly enforced a duty to meaningfully engage with communities where the provision of basic social services and goods is at stake, uncertainty about the form, extent and quality of community engagement continues to negatively impact on development projects. The much publicised "toilet saga" in the Makhaza informal settlement in the Western Cape is a telling example. This problem is partly attributable to a lack of clarity about the legal foundations and basis of this duty. The research project explores such an approach by clarifying the proper legal and constitutional basis of the right to meaningfully participate in development projects and the delivery of basic social goods, and in so-doing, to place public participation in socio-economic rights on a sound legal and constitutional foundation. The project further seeks to develop a framework or best practice for the practical implementation of this right in the context of urban development projects.
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Siqueira, Adriana Castelo Branco de. "Violência provocada por cuidadores de idosos em Teresina-PI: estudo de caso." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8646.
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The scientific and technological advances as well as other conditioning factors such as health care and education, have led to the improvement in people's quality of life around the world, which is visibly noticeable by the significant reduction in infant birth rate, mortality, and consequent growth of the elderly population. The aging population has been subject of attention by the government and the society in general. In Brazil, the number of elderly people doubled in the last twenty years. However, along with the growth of elderly population, in a directly proportional way, raised the rate of violence against this segment of the population, under the most varied forms (physical, psychological, economic or institutional). This thesis expresses a constitutional approach to the principle of human dignity, the issue of human and fundamental rights, aiming to demonstrate that older people should be treated with equal respect and recognized as a constitutional subject endowed with dignity. Furthermore, it discusses the phenomenon of violence against the elderly from psycho-social factors that can influence the behavior of elderly caregivers (such as stress, drug use and alcohol abuse, social isolation) and legal (such as the certainty of impunity that can lead to domestic violence. Therefore, the phenomenon of violence was analyzed under theoretical basis that envisage to explain it, the performance of the institutions in charge of defending the elderly, as well as through the data collection carried out by observing the police reports in the Specialized Police Station for the Elderly Teresina-Piauí. Data analysis could identify a feminization of the elderly and the caregiver, namely, older women are victimized more than men, and the most prevalent degree of kinship as the aggressor is the daughter-parent relation. However, in some crimes (injury and threat), men cause more physical harm. On the other hand, the use of drugs and alcohol were prevalent factors to trigger agents of violence by male caregivers. At the end, a case of violence against the elderly from the perspective of a safety network for the elderly and the legal field was analyzed in order to demonstrate how discriminatory meanings against the elderly shared within society can migrate from the surroundings into the interior of the legal field, affecting its operation and the consequent production of a judicial decision.
O avanço científico e tecnológico assim como outros fatores condicionantes, como cuidados com a saúde e a educação, têm propiciado a melhoria na qualidade de vida da população em todo o mundo, se fazendo perceber uma redução significativa na taxa de natalidade infantil, mortalidade, e consequente crescimento da população idosa. O envelhecimento da população vem sendo motivo de atenção pelo Poder Público e pela sociedade de forma geral. No Brasil, o número de idosos chegou a dobrar nos últimos vinte anos. Contudo, com o crescimento da população idosa, de maneira diretamente proporcional se elevou o índice de violência praticada contra o idoso, sob as mais variadas formas (física, psicológica, institucional ou econômica). A presente tese expressa uma abordagem constitucional do princípio da dignidade humana, na temática dos direitos humanos e fundamentais, objetivando demonstrar que os idosos devem ser tratados com igual respeito e reconhecidos como sujeito constitucional dotado de dignidade. Ademais, discute o fenômeno da violência contra a pessoa idosa a partir de fatores psíquico-sociais que podem influenciar no comportamento de cuidadores de idosos (como o estresse, o uso de drogas e de álcool, o isolamento social) e jurídicos (como a certeza da impunibilidade) que podem ocasionar a violência intrafamiliar. Para tanto, o fenômeno da violência foi analisado através de eixos teóricos que tentam explicá-la, da atuação das instituições responsáveis pela defesa do idoso, assim como através da coleta de dados feita pela observação dos boletins de ocorrência na Delegacia Especializada do Idoso em Teresina-Piauí. A análise dos dados pôde identificar uma feminização do idoso e do cuidador, ou seja, as mulheres idosas são vítimizadas mais que os homens, e o grau de parentesco que mais predomina como agressor é o de filhas, entretanto, em alguns delitos (lesão corporal e ameaça), os homens são os que mais agridem. Por sua vez, o uso de drogas e de álcool foram os fatores que predominaram como agentes desencadeadores da violência por parte dos cuidadores masculinos. Ao final, foi analisado um caso de violência contra o idoso sob a perspectiva de uma rede de proteção à pessoa idosa e de campo jurídico, no sentido de demonstrar como as significações discriminatórias contra o idoso partilhadas no âmbito da sociedade podem migrar do entorno para o interior do campo jurídico, influenciando em sua atuação e consequente produção da decisão judicial.
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XAVIER, DEBORA CRISTINA MOTA BUERE. "THE EXTENSION OF THE RIGHT OF VISIT BASED ON AFFECTION: DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND GUARANTEE COEXISTENCE FAMILY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12933@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROTomando por base a dignidade da pessoa humana, expressa também nos princípios da não-discriminação, da solidariedade e na atenção especial dedicada à criança e ao adolescente como indivíduos em desenvolvimento, a dissertação tem por escopo evidenciar o direito de visita dos parentes e das pessoas ligadas por laços de afetividade à criança e ao adolescente, embora não expresso na sistemática legal que regula as relações de família. Assim, diante dos princípios maiores que informam os interesses da criança e do adolescente e para preservação do núcleo familiar pautado pela lógica da afetividade, conclui salutar garantir o exercício do direito de convivência familiar à criança e ao adolescente.
Taking based on human dignity, expressed also in the principles of nondiscrimination, solidarity and with special attention dedicated to the children and adolescents as development subjects, the dissertation have, as scope, the right of relatives and people linked by ties of affection to the children and adolescents of visitation, although not expressed in the systematic legal governing the relations of the family. Thus, given the principles that inform the larger interests of children and adolescents and for preservation of the family guided by the logic of affection, concludes healthy ensure the right of coexistence familiar to children and adolescents
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Johansson, Mattias. "The Human Cloning Era : On the doorstep to our posthuman future." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1858.
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Human reproductive cloning came to the public´s attention when Dolly the sheep was cloned in Scotland in 1997. This news quickly spread around the world causing both excitements at the possibilities of what cloning techniques could offer, as well as apprehension about the ethical, social and legal implications should human reproductive cloning become possible. Many international organisations and governments were concerned about the impact of human reproductive cloning on human health, dignity and human rights. To this day, many institutions have drafted resolutions, protocols and position statements outlining their concerns. This paper outlines some of the major ethical issues surrounding human reproductive cloning and the position towards this novel technique taken by three important international organisations - Council of Europe, World Health Organization, and United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization - expressed in different regulatory frameworks. Proponents of human cloning occasionally point out that cloned humans are already among us in the form of twins - people with identical sets of DNA - so what is the problem? Besides avoiding the fact that natural twins are always siblings, whereas a clone could be the twin of a parent or grandparent, this observation ignores a crucial moral difference: natural twins arrive as rare creations, not as specifically designed products. Instead of being an uncontrolled, self-regulated evolutionary process, creation of man through reproductive cloning are shifting from being natural to a state of instrumentality where parental interests constitutes what is important. This shift will inevitably lead to the child being a means for some other end (parental interests). However, this is not the same as being subdued into genetic determinism, but the point brought forward is the child´s lack of freedom caused by the interests of the parents. In this sense the clone´s genome constitutes a heavy backpack because of our pre-knowledge of its physical building blocks - or in other words its potentiality. Even though the argument of genetic determinism is a weak one, our subconscious"forces"us to create hopes upon the child because of its potentiality. No longer is the evolution the creator with the dices of randomness. A new gambler is in town and this time the dices are equilateral.
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Ochin, Cynthia. "Dignité humaine et droit de la génétique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0023.
Full textAbstract:
Les lois de bioéthique concernent la génétique et incluent l’encadrement des biotechnologies. Le droit devait impérativement intervenir en ce domaine. Cette étude propose de s’intéresser aux rapports qu’entretiennent la dignité et un droit de la génétique émergent. Chaque manipulation génétique est observée sous le prisme de la dignité humaine qui doit être préservée, en tant que principe fondamental. L’objet de l’étude est d’analyser la compatibilité de la science au droit et notamment à ce principe, socle du droit de la bioéthique. Ainsi, ce droit émergent n’autorise les manipulations du génome humain qu’en cas de compatibilité avec la dignité. Toutefois, cette étude tente de démontrer que la dignité est peut-être elle-même instrumentalisée par un droit qui se trouve, finalement, au service de la science. L’idée est d’empêcher un certain scientisme grandissant en dénonçant l’utilisation de la dignité et ce notamment dans la protection de l’humanité et dans le contrôle de la modification de l’espèce humaine. La dignité doit faire rempart à toute forme d’instrumentalisation du vivant humain. Or, un certain nombre de manipulations génétiques sont autorisées, la plupart du temps sous conditions strictes et cumulatives. Le droit français encadre un certain nombre de pratiques génétiques impliquant le génome humain, qu’il soit perçu dans sa dimension collective ou individuelle, dans la limite du respect d’un caractère thérapeutique prouvé ou qui ne risque pas d’entraver la sauvegarde de la dignité de la personne humaine. Enfin, cette étude tend à affirmer que la dignité fait office de curseur des manipulations génétiques. Outil de régulation et de réglementation, elle semble instrumentalisée par le droit de la génétique pour satisfaire les exigences scientistes de la société, sous couvert d’un bénéfice pour l’humanitéBioethical laws deal with genetics and biotechnology, fields where legal intervention and oversight is imperative. The current study examines the relationship between human dignity and these nascent laws. Each genetic manipulation is considered through the lens of human dignity, as a fundamental principle which must be conserved. The goal of this study is to analyse scientific accountability in regards to bioethical laws. These emergent laws authorize manipulations of the human genome only insofar as the procedures preserve human dignity. At the same time, this study attempts to demonstrate that dignity may be being used as a tool by legal concepts which find themselves subservient to science. It is thus arguably necessary to forestall a growing scientism by denouncing the appropriation of the concept, especially in regards to protecting humanity and controlling the modification of the human race. Human dignity must act as a safeguard against all forms of unethical utilisation of the human being. Nonetheless, a certain number of genetic manipulations are authorized, typically under strict and cumulative conditions. French laws provide the framework for some practices which implicate the human genome, considered both collectively and individually, for therapies which have already become routine, or which do not hinder the preservation of the patient’s dignity. Ultimately, this study adopts the perspective that the concept of human dignity is a determinant factor in the authorisation or interdiction of genetic manipulation. Implicated in both the organisation and the application of genetic laws, human dignity today appears subservient to these laws, satisfying the demands of a scientist society, under the guise of a benefit to humanity