Journal articles: 'Human footprint'

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Manickaraj.C, Manickaraj C., and Senthil Murugan.M. "Human footprint Segmentation using Multilayer Perception." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2013/44.

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Barker, S. L., and J. L. Scheuer. "Predictive Value of Human Footprints in a Forensic Context." Medicine, Science and the Law 38, no. 4 (October 1998): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249803800411.

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Previous work from the United States has shown close correlation between an individual's size and weight and predetermined measurements taken from his or her footprints. This study investigated the situation in a group of United Kingdom subjects, for which there is at present little data. Walking and standing footprints, fleshed foot measurements and stature were obtained from 105 adult volunteers from the staff and students of the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London. The footprints were measured using predetermined landmarks and the results analysed to investigate the significance of the parameters in a forensic context. Inter-observer and intra-observer errors were within acceptable limits. Regression equations were calculated for foot length from various parameters measured on a footprint. Topinard's finding that foot length represents between 14.9%–18.1% of stature in a given individual was confirmed. Footprint length showed a normal distribution in both sexes but male footprint length was greater than female footprint length for any given height. This study provides a quantitative method that could be used both with partial footprints and in the absence of dermatoglyphics to assist in the identification of an individual in a forensic context.

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Glaze, William H. "The human footprint." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 13 (July 2001): 273A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0123958.

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Crompton, Robin H., Todd C. Pataky, Russell Savage, Kristiaan D'Août, Matthew R. Bennett, Michael H. Day, Karl Bates, Sarita Morse, and William I. Sellers. "Human-like external function of the foot, and fully upright gait, confirmed in the 3.66 million year old Laetoli hominin footprints by topographic statistics, experimental footprint-formation and computer simulation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 69 (July 20, 2011): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0258.

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It is commonly held that the major functional features of the human foot (e.g. a functional longitudinal medial arch, lateral to medial force transfer and hallucal (big-toe) push-off) appear only in the last 2 Myr, but functional interpretations of footbones and footprints of early human ancestors (hominins) prior to 2 million years ago (Mya) remain contradictory. Pixel-wise topographical statistical analysis of Laetoli footprint morphology, compared with results from experimental studies of footprint formation; foot-pressure measurements in bipedalism of humans and non-human great apes; and computer simulation techniques, indicate that most of these functional features were already present, albeit less strongly expressed than in ourselves, in the maker of the Laetoli G-1 footprint trail, 3.66 Mya. This finding provides strong support to those previous studies which have interpreted the G-1 prints as generally modern in aspect.

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Photopoulou, Theoni. "Human footprint restricts ranges." Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 5 (April 2, 2018): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0538-y.

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Petrov, Alexander Arsenievich. "Human digital informational footprint." Trade policy 2, no. 22 (2020): 62–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2499-9415-2020-2-22-62-86.

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Chenoweth, J., M. Hadjikakou, and C. Zoumides. "Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (June 24, 2014): 2325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014.

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Abstract. The water footprint is a consumption-based indicator of water use, referring to the total volume of freshwater used directly and indirectly by a nation or a company, or in the provision of a product or service. Despite widespread enthusiasm for the development and use of water footprints, some concerns have been raised about the concept and its usefulness. A variety of methodologies have been developed for water footprinting which differ with respect to how they deal with different forms of water use. The result is water footprint estimates which vary dramatically, often creating confusion. Despite these methodological qualms, the concept has had notable success in raising awareness about water use in agricultural and industrial supply chains, by providing a previously unavailable and (seemingly) simple numerical indicator of water use. Nevertheless, and even though a range of uses have already been suggested for water footprinting, its policy value remains unclear. Unlike the carbon footprint which provides a universal measure of human impact on the atmosphere's limited absorptive capacity, the water footprint in its conventional form solely quantifies a single production input without any accounting of the impacts of use, which vary spatially and temporally. Following an extensive review of the literature related to water footprints, this paper critically examines the present uses of the concept, focusing on its current strengths, shortcomings and promising research avenues to advance it.

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Chenoweth, J., M. Hadjikakou, and C. Zoumides. "Review article: Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2013): 9389–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-9389-2013.

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Abstract. The water footprint is a consumption-based indicator of water use, referring to the total volume of freshwater used directly and indirectly by a nation or a company, or in the provision of a product or service. Despite widespread enthusiasm for the development and use of water footprints, some concerns have been raised about the concept and its usefulness. A variety of methodologies have been developed for water footprinting which differ with respect to how they deal with different forms of water use. The result is water footprint estimates which vary dramatically, often creating confusion. Despite these methodological qualms, the concept has had notable success in raising awareness about water use in agricultural and industrial supply chains, by providing a previously unavailable and (seemingly) simple numerical indicator of water use. Nevertheless, and even though a range of uses have already been suggested for water footprinting, its policy value remains unclear. Unlike the carbon footprint which provides a universal measure of human impact on the atmosphere's limited absorptive capacity, the water footprint in its conventional form solely quantifies a single production input without any accounting of the impacts of use, which vary spatially and temporally. Following an extensive review of the literature related to water footprints, this paper critically examines the present uses of the concept, focusing on its current strengths, shortcomings and promising research avenues to advance it.

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Dietz, Thomas, Eugene A. Rosa, and Richard York. "Driving the human ecological footprint." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5, no. 1 (February 2007): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[13:dthef]2.0.co;2.

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KumarNagwanshi, Kapil, and Sipi Dubey. "Biometric Authentication using Human Footprint." International Journal of Applied Information Systems 3, no. 7 (August 13, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijais12-450568.

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Weinzettel, Jan, David Vačkář, and Helena Medková. "Human footprint in biodiversity hotspots." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16, no. 8 (July 3, 2018): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1825.

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McGowan, Philip J. K. "Mapping the terrestrial human footprint." Nature 537, no. 7619 (September 2016): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/537172a.

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Vignieri, Sacha. "An ever-growing human footprint." Science 372, no. 6537 (April 1, 2021): 43.1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6537.43-a.

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Han, Aixi, Li Chai, and Xiawei Liao. "Demographic Scenarios of Future Environmental Footprints of Healthy Diets in China." Foods 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081021.

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Dietary improvement not only benefits human health conditions, but also offers the potential to reduce the human food system’s environmental impact. With the world’s largest population and people’s bourgeoning lifestyle, China’s food system is set to impose increasing pressures on the environment. We evaluated the minimum environmental footprints, including carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF) and ecological footprint (EF), of China’s food systems into 2100. The minimum footprints of healthy eating are informative to policymakers when setting the environmental constraints for food systems. The results demonstrate that the minimum CF, WF and EF all increase in the near future and peak around 2030 to 2035, under different population scenarios. After the peak, population decline and aging result in decreasing trends of all environmental footprints until 2100. Considering age-gender specific nutritional needs, the food demands of teenagers in the 14–17 year group require the largest environmental footprints across the three indicators. Moreover, men’s nutritional needs also lead to larger environmental footprints than women’s across all age groups. By 2100, the minimum CF, WF and EF associated with China’s food systems range from 616 to 899 million tons, 654 to 953 km3 and 6513 to 9500 billion gm2 respectively under different population scenarios. This study builds a bridge between demography and the environmental footprints of diet and demonstrates that the minimum environmental footprints of diet could vary by up to 46% in 2100 under different demographic scenarios. The results suggest to policymakers that setting the environmental constraints of food systems should be integrated with the planning of a future demographic path.

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Bhatia, Gresha, Nidhi Berde, Aman Pingle, Madhu Raghani, and Karan Hemdev. "Electric Footprint." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.304.

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We live in a world marred by pollution. Every day, the hazardous effects of fossil fuels and other bio-hazardous energy sources continue to upset our ecosystems and harm the biosphere. We must find cleaner, more sustainable sources of power. As such, we have tapped into other sources of renewable energy through the use of solar panels, hydroelectric dams and wind turbines, to name a few. However, there is one potential provider of energy that we have yet to fully explore: the human body. The unused kinetic force generated by a human being can be converted into storable electricity. Individually, this may be but a drop in the ocean compared to the vast amount of electricity generated from other devices. But, with enough participants, it can become significant enough to displace the use of harmful fuels in many public locations. This goal forms the basis of the project.

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Li, Yi, Yiman Cheng, Luyao Zhou, and Yongliang Yang. "Advances, Norms, and Perspectives in Product Chemical Footprint Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052728.

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The chemical footprint of a product is an important factor for evaluating human toxicity and determining ecotoxic effects caused by chemical pollutants in the entire production cycle and is the premise and effective means to carry out the identification, assessment, and control of chemical, environmental risk. The study reviewed the progress of research on chemical and product chemical footprints. It unified the key issues such as accounting boundaries, data lists, accounting methods, and result evaluation of product chemical footprint calculation. On this basis, we propose methods for evaluating product chemical footprints, providing a normative reference for enterprises and relevant research institutions. The future research is likely to obtain innovative results in the research and application of chemical footprint labels, research on characterization factor calculation methods for chemical substances, construction and standardization of chemical use, and emission database and promotion of a chemical-based guarantee mechanism for environmental management.

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Lallensack, Jens N. "Automatic generation of objective footprint outlines." PeerJ 7 (June 27, 2019): e7203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7203.

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The objective definition of footprint margins poses a central problem in ichnology. The transition from the footprint to the surrounding sediment is often continuous, and the footprint wall complex, requiring interpolation, approximation, and a priori assumptions about trackmaker anatomy to arrive at feasible interpretations of footprint shapes. The degree of subjectivity of such interpretations is substantial, and outlines produced by separate researchers can differ greatly. As a consequence, statistical shape analysis, regardless if based on linear and angular measurements or on the shape as a whole, are neither fully repeatable nor objective. Here I present an algorithm implemented in the programming environment R that is able to generate continuous footprint outlines based on three-dimensional models—fully automatically, objectively, and repeatable. The approach, which is based on contour lines extracted from the model, traces the outline at the point where the slope of the track wall is steepest. An option for automatic landmark placement is implemented for tridactyl footprints. A case study was carried out on 13 footprints of a single trackway of a theropod trackmaker from the Lower Cretaceous of Münchehagen, Germany. Analysis of the landmark coordinates returned by the script did reproduce statistical results published in an earlier study that was based on human-made interpretative drawings, demonstrating the applicability of the present method for the objective and quantitative shape analysis of tracks. Although faint anatomical details are not always recorded and features not related to the foot anatomy may be included, the generated outlines tend to correspond with human-made interpretative drawings regarding the overall shape. While not suited as a full replacement of interpretative drawings, these generated outlines may be used as an objective basis for such interpretations.

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Hatala, Kevin G., Brigitte Demes, and Brian G. Richmond. "Laetoli footprints reveal bipedal gait biomechanics different from those of modern humans and chimpanzees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1836 (August 17, 2016): 20160235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0235.

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Bipedalism is a key adaptation that shaped human evolution, yet the timing and nature of its evolution remain unclear. Here we use new experimentally based approaches to investigate the locomotor mechanics preserved by the famous Pliocene hominin footprints from Laetoli, Tanzania. We conducted footprint formation experiments with habitually barefoot humans and with chimpanzees to quantitatively compare their footprints to those preserved at Laetoli. Our results show that the Laetoli footprints are morphologically distinct from those of both chimpanzees and habitually barefoot modern humans. By analysing biomechanical data that were collected during the human experiments we, for the first time, directly link differences between the Laetoli and modern human footprints to specific biomechanical variables. We find that the Laetoli hominin probably used a more flexed limb posture at foot strike than modern humans when walking bipedally. The Laetoli footprints provide a clear snapshot of an early hominin bipedal gait that probably involved a limb posture that was slightly but significantly different from our own, and these data support the hypothesis that important evolutionary changes to hominin bipedalism occurred within the past 3.66 Myr.

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Zhang, Peng, Zihan Xu, Weiguo Fan, Jiahui Ren, Ranran Liu, and Xiaobin Dong. "Structure Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Water-Energy-Food Nexus: A Water Footprint Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041187.

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The “Water-Energy-Food Nexus” is one of the present research hotspots in the field of sustainable development. Water resources are the key factors that limit local human survival and socioeconomic development in arid areas, and the water footprint is an important indicator for measuring sustainable development. In this study, the structural dynamics and complex relationships of the water-energy-food system in arid areas were analyzed from the perspective of the water footprint, and the risk characteristics were evaluated. The results show that: (1) Agriculture products and livestock products account for the largest water footprints (>90%), which is much higher than the water footprints of energy consumption (<5%). From the water footprint type, the blue water footprint (>50%) > the grey water footprint (20%–30%) > the green water footprint (<20%). (2) Since 2000, especially after 2005, while energy consumption drove rapid economic growth, it also led to the rapid expansion of the water footprint in the Manas River Basin. By 2015, the water deficit was relatively serious, with the surface water resource deficit reaching 16.21 × 108 m3. (3) The water-energy risk coupling degree of the water-energy-food system in this basin is comparatively significant, which means that it is facing the dual pressures of internal water shortage and external energy dependence, and it is vulnerable to global warming and fluctuations in the international and domestic energy markets. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the industrial structure through macroeconomic regulation and control, developing new energy sources, reducing the coupling degree of system risks, and achieving sustainable development.

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Grofelnik, Hrvoje. "Elektroenergetski lokalni ugljikov otisak turizma na otocima Cresu i Lošinju." Geoadria 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.250.

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The paper presents valuation of the local electro-energetic carbon footprint on the islands of Cres and Lošinj (The Northern Adriatic, Republic of Croatia). In the form of a case study the article isolates the locally allocated but globally present environmental burden caused by CO2 emission into the atmosphere as the result of electrical energy production. Within the environmental burden, the residents’ footprint and the footprint generated by tourism have been isolated. The hypothesis the article is based on presumes that the local electro-energetic carbon footprint is dominantly under the influence of tourism and shows annual oscillations closely related to the number of tourists on the islands. The article's contribution on theoretical level is the actualization of partial tourist footprints isolation, while on applicative level its contribution is in footprint calculations as a foundation for articulation of sustainable development strategies and spatial planning based on the actual human influence on the environment. The overall aim of the work is to contribute to revitalization and sustainable development of the islands as exceptionally valuable naturally preserved areas.

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Ibrahim, Yahya Ismail, and Israa Mohammed Alhamdani. "A hyprid technique for human footprint recognition." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4060-4068.

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Biometrics has concerned a great care recently due to its important in the life that starts from civil applications to security and recently terrorism. A Footprint recognition is one of the personal identifications based on biometric measurements. The aim of this research is to design a proper and reliable biometric system for human footprint recognition named (FRBS) that stands for Footprint Recognition Biometric System. In addition, to construct a human footprint database which it is very helpful for various use in scientific application e.g. for authentication. There exist many biometrics databases for other identity but very rare for footprint. As well as the existing one are very limited. This paper presents a robust hyprid techniques which merges between Image Processing with Artificial Intelligent technique via Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to recognize human footprint. (ACO) plays the essential role that rise the performance and the quality of the results in the biometric system via feature selection. The set of the selected features was treated as exploratory information, and selects the optimum feature set in standings of feature set size. Life RGB footprint images from nine persons with ten images per person constructed from life visual dataset. At first, the visual dataset was pre-processed operations. Each resultant image detects footprint that is cropped to portions represented by three blocks. The first block is for fingers, the second block refers to the center of the foot and the last one determines the heel. Then features were extracted from each image and stored in Excel file to be entered to Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. The experimental outcomes of the system show that the proposed algorithm evaluates optimal results with smaller feature set comparing with other algorithms. Experimental outcomes show that our algorithm obtains an efficient and accurate result about 100% accuracy in comparison with other researches on the same field.

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Liu, Xiaoman, Jingying Fu, Dong Jiang, Jianwu Luo, Chenxi Sun, Huiming Liu, Ruihong Wen, and Xuefeng Wang. "Improvement of Ecological Footprint Model in National Nature Reserve Based on Net Primary Production (NPP)." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010002.

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An increasing number of nature reserves are being invaded by various development and construction activities, such as energy, resources, and transportation facilities. The ecological footprint model, which enables a quantitative assessment of ecological sustainability, can assess whether human consumption at various spatial scales falls within the regenerative capacity of the biosphere. Based on the traditional ecological footprint evaluation model: the Global Agro-Ecological Zone (EF-GAEZ model), this study proposes an improved ecological footprint model based on net primary productivity (EF-NPP model) and its validations. In this study, the status of ecological footprints and the ecological carrying capacities of 319 national nature reserves in 2010 is explored, and the changes in ecological surpluses and ecological deficits from 2000 to 2010 are analyzed. The ecological footprint per capita and the ecological carrying capacity per capita calculated by the two models were mostly consistently at the same level (more than 68%), which indicated that the ecological footprint per capita and the ecological carrying capacity per capita of the two models followed the same rule. The EF-NPP model can reflect the change in the global climate, the degradation of the soil, and the progress of the technology.

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Mishra, Paresh. "Let's Reduce the Human Footprint Before Building Human Capabilities." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.39.

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The case for making human capabilities the business of I-O psychology is at first glance persuasive. It is indisputable that I-O psychology and its associated fields still suffer from a strong bias favoring POSH (Professionals, Official work in formal economy, Safe from discrimination, and High-income countries) and WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Gloss, Carr, Reichman, Abdul-Nasiru, and Oestereich (2017) also provide ample evidence of human development indices being low among countries that are underrepresented or unrepresented in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology studies. Moreover, it cannot be denied that many of the evidence-based recommendations that we now make with confidence will not hold water in these poverty-stricken areas of the world. However, when one juxtaposes the case for building human capabilities with the extant approaches of restoring equity in society, one is confronted with the grim possibility that the idea of human capabilities may not only fail to make significant positive differences in the lives of poor people in the world, but may also worsen the quality of life of everyone on this earth. In this short essay, I discuss two major problems with the human capabilities approach and propose a modification to the approach that can potentially help solve the problem of poverty.

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Zeng, Zhao, and Dabo Guan. "Methodology and application of flood footprint accounting in a hypothetical multiple two-flood event." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2168 (February 17, 2020): 20190209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0209.

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Multiple natural disasters are becoming ever more frequent around the world, with both climate change and rapid urbanization increasing the risk of such disasters in human society. Comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of multiple disasters on the industrial and economic system has become an urgent and essential part of urban recovery and sustainable development. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on assessing the indirect economic impacts resulting from such multiple events, and thereafter providing a common quantitative approach within their assessment. With the concept of flood footprint and input–output theory, this study proposes a more externally oriented methodology (flood footprint model) for indirect flood footprint (IFF) accounting and offers various extensive sensitivity analyses based on a hypothetical two-flood event. Based on the two-flood case, we conclude that the total flood footprint of a multi-flood within a given region is larger than the sum of individual flood footprints and this is the same for the IFF due to the combination effect, while the flood footprint is highly constrained by factors such as occurrence time and physical damage caused by the ensuing disaster. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience'.

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Lubick, Naomi. "Recalibrating the human carbon footprint from wastewater." Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 15 (August 2009): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9016393.

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Mouhot, Jean-Francois. "The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History." Contemporary British History 26, no. 1 (March 2012): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2012.654976.

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Sridhar, Devi. "The growing human footprint on the planet." Lancet 388, no. 10058 (November 2016): 2344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32143-2.

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Misra, Manjusha. "The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History." International Journal of Environmental Studies 67, no. 6 (December 2010): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2010.500014.

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Tucker, R. "The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History." Environmental History 16, no. 1 (December 8, 2010): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emq132.

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Karwacka, Magdalena, Agnieszka Ciurzyńska, Andrzej Lenart, and Monika Janowicz. "Sustainable Development in the Agri-Food Sector in Terms of the Carbon Footprint: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 6463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166463.

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The concept of sustainable development is increasingly important in the agri-food sector and global economy. International activities are undertaken to improve the efficiency of industry by reducing its negative impact on the environment. To help determine harmful human activity, the environmental footprints of products and services are calculated using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The purpose of this article was to explain topics of sustainable development and environmental footprints, especially the carbon footprint in the agri-food sector, based on the latest literature. The agri-food industry consumes around 30% of global energy demand. It is also a source of emissions of a significant part of greenhouse gases released into the environment. The carbon footprint of food products is determined by many factors associated with their production. Food of animal origin is more harmful and has higher carbon footprints than plant-based products. GHG emission reduction is possible due to the use of renewable energy sources and the abandonment of the use of artificial fertilizers and plant protection products.

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Hoekstra, A. Y. "Human appropriation of natural capital: A comparison of ecological footprint and water footprint analysis." Ecological Economics 68, no. 7 (May 2009): 1963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.021.

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Willegger, Madeleine, Nargiz Seyidova, Reinhard Schuh, Reinhard Windhager, and Lena Hirtler. "Anatomical Footprint of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon: Surgical Implications for Foot and Ankle Reconstructions." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9542125.

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This study aimed to analyze precisely the dimensions, shapes, and variations of the insertional footprints of the tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) at the medial cuneiform (MC) and first metatarsal (MT1) base. Forty-one formalin-fixed human cadaveric specimens were dissected. After preparation of the TAT footprint, standardized photographs were made and the following parameters were evaluated: the footprint length, width, area of insertion, dorsoplantar location, shape, and additional tendon slips. Twenty feet (48.8%) showed an equal insertion at the MC and MT1, another 20 feet (48.8%) had a wide insertion at the MC and a narrow insertion at the MT1, and 1 foot (2.4%) demonstrated a narrow insertion at the MC and a wide insertion at the MT1. Additional tendon slips inserting at the metatarsal shaft were found in two feet (4.8%). Regarding the dorsoplantar orientation, the footprints were located medial in 29 feet (70.7%) and medioplantar in 12 feet (29.3%). The most common shape at the MT1 base was the crescent type (75.6%) and the oval type at the MC (58.5%). The present study provided more detailed data on the dimensions and morphologic types of the tibialis anterior tendon footprint. The established anatomical data may allow for a safer surgical preparation and a more anatomical reconstruction.

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Daferera, Maria, Mariam Abaskharoun, and Evangelia Theodoratou. "The Ecological Footprint Nowadays." Open Schools Journal for Open Science 1, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/osj.19737.

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This assessment refers to the ecological footprint which is a way to measure the impacts of human activities on Earth. It basically calculates the demand and consumption that measures the needs of a society, as well as the waste and greenhouse gases that generates daily in productive sea and fertile land areas. Moreover, it measures all the natural resources needed to support the material needs of a population or person through the technology, lifestyle and habits of each country. Subsequently we are going to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenon that human activities provoke and the ways to eliminate the caused problem. The world-average ecological footprint in 2013 was 2.8 global hectares per person and the average per country ranges from over 10 to under 1 global hectares per person. There is also a high variation within countries, based on individual lifestyle and economic possibilities that we also examine. Summarizing all those effects we are going to analyze open international data as far as the metabolism of the ecological footprint concerns in our word but especially in our country to form prospects for our planet the principles of life cycle assessments with the aid of statistics and charts.

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Hawes, Michael R., Werner Nachbauer, Daniela Sovak, and Benno M. Nigg. "Footprint Parameters as a Measure of Arch Height." Foot & Ankle 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079201300104.

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The human foot has frequently been categorized into arch height groups based upon analysis of footprint parameters. This study investigates the relationship between directly measured arch height and many of the footprint parameters that have been assumed to represent arch height. A total of 115 male subjects were measured and footprint parameters were calculated from digitized outlines. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between footprint measures and arch height. It may be concluded from the results that footprint parameters proposed in the literature (arch angle, footprint index, and arch index) and two further parameters suggested in this study (arch length index and truncated arch index) are invalid as a basis for prediction or categorization of arch height. The categorization of the human foot according to the footprint measures evaluated in this paper represent no more than indices and angles of the plantar surface of the foot itself.

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Bhandari, Deepika, Sonali Patil, and Vivek Sahajpal. "Correlation of Handprints and Footprints with respect to Stature: Study on Maharashtrians of Mumbai." Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs10(1)y202091-96.

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Identification of an individual is an important aspect in forensic investigations. Stature estimation is of interest to forensic scientists for its importance in human identification. The present study was an attempt to deduce the stature from footprints as well as the hand prints and hence to determine whether there is any correlation between the stature and the respective prints/ length. Footprint is valuable physical evidence that can be found at scene of crime and its identification can facilitate elimination of the suspects and establishing the identity of the criminal. Also handprints to some extent can help in estimation of stature. The study aimed to estimate the stature in a sample of 1000 bilateral footprints and handprints collected from 500 adult Indian male Maharashtrians and 500 adult Indian female Maharashtrians from Mumbai who consented to volunteer in the study and ranged in the age-group of 18 to 25 years. Samples were collected and data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistically analyzed using linear regression analysis. In case of both males and females all footprint lengths exhibit a statistically positive significant correlation with stature. Similarly, handprint lengths exhibit a statistically positive significant correlation with stature. The values of correlation co-efficient shows that the footprint length is more significantly correlated with stature compare to handprint lengths.

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Matthews, Philippa C., Alasdair J. Leslie, Aris Katzourakis, Hayley Crawford, Rebecca Payne, Andrew Prendergast, Karen Power, et al. "HLA Footprints on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Associated with Interclade Polymorphisms and Intraclade Phylogenetic Clustering." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (February 25, 2009): 4605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02017-08.

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ABSTRACT The selection of escape mutations has a major impact on immune control of infections with viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viral evasion of CD8+ T-cell responses leaves predictable combinations of escape mutations, termed HLA “footprints.” The most clearly defined footprints are those associated with HLA alleles that are linked with successful control of HIV, such as HLA-B*57. Here we investigated the extent to which HLA footprint sites in HIV type 1 (HIV-1) are associated with viral evolution among and within clades. First, we examined the extent to which amino acid differences between HIV-1 clades share identity with sites of HLA-mediated selection pressure and observed a strong association, in particular with respect to sites of HLA-B selection (P < 10−6). Similarly, the sites of amino acid variability within a clade were found to overlap with sites of HLA-selected mutation. Second, we studied the impact of HLA selection on interclade phylogeny. Removing the sites of amino acid variability did not significantly affect clade-specific clustering, reflecting the central role of founder effects in establishing distinct clades. However, HLA footprints may underpin founder strains, and we show that amino acid substitutions between clades alter phylogeny, underlining a potentially substantial role for HLA in driving ongoing viral evolution. Finally, we investigated the impact of HLA selection on within-clade phylogeny and demonstrate that even a single HLA allele footprint can result in significant phylogenetic clustering of sequences. In conclusion, these data highlight the fact that HLA can be a strong selection force for both intra- and interclade HIV evolution at a population level.

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Vatovec, Christine, and Haley Ferrer. "Sustainable Well-Being Challenge: A Student-Centered Pedagogical Tool Linking Human Well-Being to Ecological Flourishing." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 7178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247178.

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Human behavioral change is necessary if we wish to evolve into a more sustainable human society, but change is hard, especially given that many people equate environmentalism with personal sacrifice. This paper highlights a semester-long assignment in which undergraduate students examined five behaviors that claim to increase happiness with minimal ecological footprints. We used mixed methods to analyze students’ self-reported positive and negative affect scores before and after completing each of the five activities, along with descriptions of the carbon footprint of each activity and student self-reflections on whether each challenge promoted “sustainability”. Results indicated that students’ positive affect increased with each activity, while negative affect decreased. Student reflections indicated that engagement with systems thinking can be used to examine the relationship between their own well-being and the ecological outcomes of each of their chosen activities, as well as alternatives that would decrease their footprint. In final reflections, 85% of students stated that they would promote these five behaviors among the general public to enhance sustainability efforts. We discuss using the Sustainable Well-being Challenge as a tool to promote behaviors that support both human and ecological well-being.

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Hatje, Vanessa, Carl H. Lamborg, and Edward A. Boyle. "Trace-Metal Contaminants: Human Footprint on the Ocean." Elements 14, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.14.6.403.

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Wall-Scheffler, Cara M., Janelle Wagnild, and Emily Wagler. "Human Footprint Variation while Performing Load Bearing Tasks." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2015): e0118619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118619.

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Franks, David D., and Leslie Brothers. "Friday's Footprint: How Society Shapes the Human Mind." Contemporary Sociology 27, no. 4 (July 1998): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2655491.

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XU, WEIWEI, ZHIGENG PAN, and MINGMIN ZHANG. "FOOTPRINT SAMPLING-BASED MOTION EDITING." International Journal of Image and Graphics 03, no. 02 (April 2003): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467803001020.

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In this paper, we present a motion editing algorithm for the human biped locomotion captured by a motion capturing device. Our algorithm adopts footprints to describe the space-time constraints which should be satisfied during biped locomotion. The footprints are also used as an interface to enable the user to control the space-time constraints directly. A real-time Inverse Kinematics (IK) solver is adapted to compute the configuration of the human body and motion displacement mapping is then constructed using hierarchical B-spline. In order to facilitate the IK solver, we propose a sampling-based scheme to generate root trajectory. Hermit interpolation is then employed to generate the whole root trajectory. This scheme provides a speedup to root trajectory generation. The performance of our algorithm is further enhanced by the real-time IK solver, which directly computes the displacement angles as solution.

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Paudel, Suman, Gustavo A. Ovando-Montejo, and Christopher L. Lant. "Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production: From a Planet to a Pixel." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158606.

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Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is a substantial improvement upon 20th century attempts at developing an ecological footprint indicator because of its measurability in relation to net primary production, its close relationship to other key footprint measures, such as carbon and water, and its spatial specificity. This paper explores HANPP across four geographical scales: through literature review, the planet; through reanalysis of existing data, variations among the world’s countries; and through novel analyses, U.S. counties and the 30 m pixel scale for one U.S. county. Results show that HANPP informs different sustainability narratives at different scales. At the planetary scale, HANPP is a critical planetary limit that improves upon areal land use indicators. At the country macroscale, HANPP indicates the degree to which meeting the needs of the domestic population for provisioning ecosystem services (food, feed, biofiber, biofuel) presses against the domestic ecological endowment of net primary production. At the county mesoscale, HANPP reveals the dependency of metropolitan areas upon regional specialized rural forestry and agroecosystems to which they are teleconnected through trade and transport infrastructures. At the pixel microscale, HANPP provides the basis for deriving spatial patterns of remaining net primary production upon which biodiversity and regulatory and cultural ecosystem services are dependent. HANPP is thus a sustainability indicator that can fulfill similar needs as carbon, water and other footprints.

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Shi, Xiangyun, Takanori Matsui, Takashi Machimura, Xiaoyu Gan, and Ang Hu. "Toward Sustainable Development: Decoupling the High Ecological Footprint from Human Society Development: A Case Study of Hong Kong." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104177.

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As a global financial center and one of the world’s first-tier cities, Hong Kong is committed to sustainable development and it expects to become the most sustainable city in Asia. With this in mind, this paper evaluates the level of sustainable development in Hong Kong considering the factors of ecological footprint, biocapacity, and the human development index (HDI) from 1995 to 2016, in order to make policy recommendations for transforming Hong Kong into a more sustainable city. Between 1995 and 2016, a period during which the HDI rose, the per capita ecological footprint of Hong Kong increased from 4.842 gha to 6.223 gha. Moreover, fossil energy consumption had a crucial impact on the city’s ecological footprint, whereas the biocapacity of Hong Kong declined gradually. By contrast, Singapore, a city-state with an area similar to Hong Kong’s, presented the opposite situation—the HDI increased while the ecological footprint decreased. We performed a further comparative analysis and a SWOT analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong to elaborate on how to decouple the large ecological footprint from human society development. Concluding that the focus must be on energy consumption, reduction of the human activities’ negative impacts on marine environment, citizens and government, we provide policy suggestions for transforming toward a “high HDI and low footprint” sustainable development society in Hong Kong.

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Cibulka, Stefan, and Stefan Giljum. "Towards a Comprehensive Framework of the Relationships between Resource Footprints, Quality of Life, and Economic Development." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114734.

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The relationship between economic affluence, quality of life, and environmental implications of production and consumption activities is a recurring issue in sustainability discussions. A number of studies examined selected relationships, but the general implications for future development options to achieve environmentally and socially sustainable development of countries at different levels of per capita resource footprints, quality of life, and income have not yet been investigated in detail. In this study, we use a global dataset with 173 countries to assess the overall relationship between resource footprints, quality of life, and economic development over the period of 1990–2015. We select the material footprint and carbon footprint and contrast them with the Human Development Index, the Happiness Index, and GDP per capita. Regression analyses show that the relationship between various resource footprints and quality of life generally follows a logarithmic path of development, while resource footprints and GDP per capita are linearly connected. From the empirical results, we derive a generalized path of development and cluster countries along this path. Within this comprehensive framework, we discuss options to change the path to respect planetary and social boundaries through a combination of resource efficiency increases, substitution of industries and sufficiency of consumption. We conclude that decoupling and green growth will not realize sustainable development if planetary boundaries have already been transgressed.

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Hornstra, I. K., and T. P. Yang. "Multiple in vivo footprints are specific to the active allele of the X-linked human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene 5' region: implications for X chromosome inactivation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 12 (December 1992): 5345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.12.5345.

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Dosage compensation of X-linked genes in male and female mammals is accomplished by random inactivation of one X chromosome in each female somatic cell. As a result, a transcriptionally active allele and a transcriptionally inactive allele of most X-linked genes reside within each female nucleus. To examine the mechanism responsible for maintaining this unique system of differential gene expression, we have analyzed the differential binding of regulatory proteins to the 5' region of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene on the active and inactive X chromosomes. Studies of DNA-protein interactions associated with the transcriptionally active and inactive HPRT alleles were carried out in intact cultured cells by in vivo footprinting by using ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction and dimethyl sulfate. Analysis of the active allele demonstrates at least six footprinted regions, whereas no footprints were detected on the inactive allele. Of the footprints on the active allele, at least four occur over canonical GC boxes or Sp1 consensus binding sites, one is associated with a potential AP-2 binding site, and another is associated with a DNA sequence not previously reported to interact with a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor. While no footprints were observed for the HPRT gene on the inactive X chromosome, reactivation of the inactive allele with 5-azacytidine treatment restored the in vivo footprint pattern found on the active allele. Results of these experiments, in conjunction with recent studies on the X-linked human PGK-1 gene, bear implications for models of X chromosome inactivation.

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Hornstra, I. K., and T. P. Yang. "Multiple in vivo footprints are specific to the active allele of the X-linked human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene 5' region: implications for X chromosome inactivation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 12 (December 1992): 5345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.12.5345-5354.1992.

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Dosage compensation of X-linked genes in male and female mammals is accomplished by random inactivation of one X chromosome in each female somatic cell. As a result, a transcriptionally active allele and a transcriptionally inactive allele of most X-linked genes reside within each female nucleus. To examine the mechanism responsible for maintaining this unique system of differential gene expression, we have analyzed the differential binding of regulatory proteins to the 5' region of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene on the active and inactive X chromosomes. Studies of DNA-protein interactions associated with the transcriptionally active and inactive HPRT alleles were carried out in intact cultured cells by in vivo footprinting by using ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction and dimethyl sulfate. Analysis of the active allele demonstrates at least six footprinted regions, whereas no footprints were detected on the inactive allele. Of the footprints on the active allele, at least four occur over canonical GC boxes or Sp1 consensus binding sites, one is associated with a potential AP-2 binding site, and another is associated with a DNA sequence not previously reported to interact with a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor. While no footprints were observed for the HPRT gene on the inactive X chromosome, reactivation of the inactive allele with 5-azacytidine treatment restored the in vivo footprint pattern found on the active allele. Results of these experiments, in conjunction with recent studies on the X-linked human PGK-1 gene, bear implications for models of X chromosome inactivation.

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Zhang, Yu, Qing Tian, Huan Hu, and Miao Yu. "Water Footprint of Food Consumption by Chinese Residents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203979.

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Water shortages are a worldwide problem. Virtual water and the water footprint link water resources, human beings and agricultural products, and are effective tools to alleviate water-resources stress. The production of agricultural products consumes a large amount of water, and food is the most basic consumer good for human survival, so it is very necessary to study the water footprint of residents’ food consumption, which is also the weak point of current research on virtual water and the water footprint. This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the water footprint of food consumption in China from the perspectives of urban and rural residents, per capita water footprint, water footprint structure and food consumption structure. The results revealed that the average water footprint of residents’ food consumption was 605.12 billion m3/year, basically showing an upward trend. Guangdong residents had the highest water footprint for food consumption due to the highest population and higher consumption of water-intensive foodstuffs such as grain and meat in their diet. The water footprint of Xizang residents’ food consumption was the lowest followed by Ningxia and Qinghai due to having the least population. The water footprint of food consumption consumed by urban residents was on the rise while that consumed by rural residents was on the decline in China, which was consistent with the changing trend of population. On the whole, the rural population consumed more virtual water embedded in food than the urban population. From the water footprint structure point, the contribution rate of the green water footprint is the largest, reaching 69.36%. The second is the gray water footprint and then the blue water footprint, accounting for 18.71% and 11.93%, respectively. From the perspective of the food consumption structure, grain and pig, beef and mutton consumption contributed significantly to the total water footprint of residents’ food consumption, contributing 37.5% and 22.56%, respectively. The study is helpful for water management and water allocation in rural and urban areas, improving agricultural technology to reduce the gray water footprint and optimizing food consumption structure, such as reducing the consumption of grain and meat.

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Chen, Dechao, Yang Chen, Jieming Ma, Cheng Cheng, Xuefeng Xi, Run Zhu, and Zhiming Cui. "An Ensemble Deep Neural Network for Footprint Image Retrieval Based on Transfer Learning." Journal of Sensors 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631029.

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As one of the essential pieces of evidence of crime scenes, footprint images cannot be ignored in the cracking of serial cases. Traditional footprint comparison and retrieval require much time and human resources, significantly affecting the progress of the case. With the rapid development of deep learning, the convolutional neural network has shown excellent performance in image recognition and retrieval. To meet the actual needs of public security footprint image retrieval, we explore the effect of convolution neural networks on footprint image retrieval and propose an ensemble deep neural network for image retrieval based on transfer learning. At the same time, based on edge computing technology, we developed a footprint acquisition system to collect footprint data. Experimental results on the footprint dataset we built show that our approach is useful and practical.

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Neubauer, Eva. "Water footprint in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 3-4 (November 30, 2012): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/3-4/11.

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More and more news report on water-related extreme environmental phenomena. Some of these are natural, which are often beyond the human race. But others are definitely due to anthropogenic effects. I think the water footprint index is able to highlight national and international water-use processes and gives us the opportunity of organizing a sustainable, consumer-, environmental- and governancefriendly management. 81% of the fresh water withdrawal is from surface water bodies in the EU. In Europe as a whole, 44% of abstraction is used for energy production, 24% for agriculture, 21% for public water supply and 11% for industry. Public water supply is confined to ground waters. To the water resources related human activity caused qualitative and quantitative amortisation will grow worse in the foreseeable future due to the climate change. Beside seasonal differences the sectoral differences are increasingly becoming critical between different areas, such as Southern and Western Europe. The former, wrong agricultural support system has worsened the situation since it gave financial aid for the used improper techniques of water-intensive crop cultivation. By today, this seems to be solved. Public water abstraction is affected by manyfactors, of which mostly are based on social situation and habits, but technological leakage receives a big role as well. Interesting, that for example the residents’water consumption in Eastern Europe decreased because price were raised and regular measurements were introduced. But in Southern Europe it increased due to tourism in the past period. Industrial water withdrawal decreased across Europe because of the decline of industry and the development of technologies. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the Union needs a sustainable, demand-driven leadership which focuses on the preservation and use efficiency. This have already appeared in politics and legal administration as well. Current research calls the attention to the significance and difficulties of this kind of domestic estimation presented trough the water footprint calculation of bread and pork in Hungary. The received data indicate the domestic water consumption trends in a modern approach. There is no doubt for me about the urgent necessity of water footprint calculation because as a result innovative, sustainability supported environmental, social, economical, and political relationships can be created – not just on local, regional or national level, but on interregional, European and even global stage.

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Alhamdani, Israa Mohammed, and Yahya Ismail Ibrahim. "Swarm intelligent hyperdization biometric." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp385-395.

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At the last decade the importance of biometrics has been clearly configured due to its important in the daily life that starts from civil applications with security and recently terrorizing. A Footprint recognition is one of the effective personal identifications based on biometric measures. The aim of this research is to design a proper and reliable left human footprint biometrics system addressed (LFBS). In addition, to create a human footprint database which it is very helpful for numerous use such as during authentication. The existing footprint databases were very rare and limited. This paper presents a sturdy combined technique which merges between Image Processing with Artificial Intelligent technique via Bird Swarm Optimization Algorithm (BSA) to recognize the human footprint. The use of (BSA) enhance the performance and the quality of the results in the biometric system through feature selection. The selected features was treated as the optimal feature set in standings of feature set size. The visual database was constructed by capturing life RGB footprint images from nine person with ten images per person. The visual dataset images was pre-processed by successive operations. Chain Code is used with footprint binary image, then statistical features which represent the footprint features. These features were extracted from each image and stored in Excel file to be entered into the Bird Swarm Algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm estimates, excellent results with a smaller feature set in comparison with other algorithms. Experimental outcomes show that our algorithm achieves well-organized and accurate result about 100% accuracy in relation with other papers on the same field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human footprint'

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