Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human Geography

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Human Geography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Human Geography"

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Dennis, Richard. "History, Geography, and Historical Geography." Social Science History 15, no. 2 (1991): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021118.

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In 1986, 585 out of 5,686 members of the Association of American Geographers declared their allegiance to the Historical Geography Specialty Group; among 50 AAG specialty groups, the historical geographers ranked 7th. Yet one prominent human geographer regards historical geography as “overdetermined,” an “empty concept” conveying “few (if any) significant analytical distinctions” (Dear 1988: 270). Dear’s argument is that, by definition, all geography should be historical, since “the central object in human geography is to understand the simultaneity of time and space in structuring social process.” So the only subdisciplines of human geography which have any intellectual coherence are those focused on distinct processes—political, economic, social. To me, even this distinction is unrealistic and impracticable for research purposes. But Dear does not go so far as to argue that historical geography or other “overdetermined,” “multidimensional,” or “peripheral” subdisciplines are wrong, merely that they are incidental to geography’s “intellectual identity.”
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Dorling, Danny, and Graham Clarke. "The Human Geography of Human Geography." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, no. 11 (November 2000): 1901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3211com.

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Martell, Charles. "Human geography/cyber geography." Journal of Academic Librarianship 25, no. 1 (January 1999): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(99)80177-3.

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Peet, Richard. "Human Geography." Human Geography 1, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860800100111.

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Jarman, Mark. "Human Geography." Missouri Review 8, no. 3 (1985): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1985.0029.

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Flaws, Mary. "Human Geography." New Zealand Journal of Geography 113, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.2002.tb00830.x.

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Hansen, Frank, P. Cloke, C. Philo, and D. Sadler. "Approaching Human Geography: Towards New Approaches in Human Geography?" Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 76, no. 3 (1994): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/490642.

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Hansen, Frank. "Approaching Human Geography: Towards New Approaches in Human Geography?" Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 76, no. 3 (October 1994): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1994.11879676.

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Gough, Jamie, and Raju Das. "Human Geography Special Issue: Marxist Geography." Human Geography 9, no. 3 (November 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861600900301.

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Karan, Pradyumna P. "Human Geography 2001." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 54, no. 4 (2002): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.54.353.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human Geography"

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Ford, Of The. "Parallel worlds : attribute-defined regions in global human geography /." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2004.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009.<br>Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Owen J. Dwyer, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Scott M. Pegg. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-168).
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Kenny, T. J. "A critical geography of human rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240362.

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Sullivan, Ian W., and n/a. "Explanation in human geography : some implications for teaching." University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.112319.

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As a teacher of the New South Wales Higher School Certificate Geography Syllabus in the 1970s, I became aware of problems of interpretation and implementation of syllabus documents dealing with models and theories of human aggregate behaviour. A positivistic underpinning allowed explanation in human geography to employ deductive - nomological methodology. This field study investigates a defined literature of academic geography including journals, and both secondary and tertiary documents to identify the extent and quality of nomothetic and idiographic traditions from the late 19th century to the mid 1970s. The literature prior to the late 1950s revealed a dominant regional tradition and idiographic methodology with an emphasis on description of uniqueness of areal phenomena. But underlying currents of a nomothetic nature, running parallel to this regionalidiographic tradition,exerted a noticeable challenge to gain acceptance in geographic circles. This kind of nomothetism was in the form of environmental determinism which held that physical laws operating in nature were also at work to shape and direct human societies. Environmental determinism contained generalised assertions, enjoyed some appeal, but lacked rigorous justification. Even within regional frameworks, authors used environmentally induced determinants to explain the unique character of regions. Not until the 1930s did environmental determinism lose its appeal, after which time the regional - idiographic tradition strengthened as an explanatory mode of human behaviour. Nomothetism emerged in the late 1950s in Australia in the application of models and theories explaining human behaviour. Normative theory was supported by an increased use of quantification and by the growing preference for systematic studies in geography. Neither mode of explanation exists at the total exclusion of the other; so that while nomothetism enjoyed widespread appeal in academic geography from the late 1950s, significant challenges were mounted against it because of its inadequacies as a mode of explaining human aggregate behaviour. Nomothetic explanation in human geography can be seen at the research level and in education circles. Many normative models and theories found their way into senior geography courses to the extent they promoted a systems approach. Teachers would have been aware of normative theory in geography from their university studies and teacher training courses during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. The tension between associated explanatory modes in systematic and regional geography becomes apparent in the analysis of the N.S.W. H.S.C. Geography Syllabus in which confusing statements raise problems for teachers interpreting and implementing this prescriptive document. Given these tensions and problems of explanation in human geography, the adoption of a critical rationalist viewpoint as propounded by Karl Popper is suggested as a possible solution for geography teachers when interpreting a syllabus such as that of the N.S.W. H.S.C. Falsification rather than verification should be the node of inquiry towards explanation of human aggregate behaviour.
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Wang, Zheye Wang. "Analyzing social media data to enrich human-centric information for natural disaster management." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542645723348042.

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Songer, Lynn Christine. "Comparative impacts of Web-based GIS on student content knowledge, geography skills, and self-efficacy in introductory human geography /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421613491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-229). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Hughes, Jessica Faye. "Embodiments of empire : Roman imperial geography in human form." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446136.

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Gokariksel, Pervin Banu. "Situated modernities : geographies of identity, urban space and globalization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5655.

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Himiyama, Yukio. "A comparative study of culture space in Japan and Britain." Tokyo : Taga Shuppan, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20473975.html.

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Fredholm, Lina. "Unexplainable experiences : -Interpretations and geographical effects." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-300.

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<p>Abstract</p><p>This is a study of peoples interpretations of what they consider are unexplainable experiences, the geographical effects of it and the connection between the interpretations and effects. The phenomenon itself is not studied. The study is conducted in Sweden in the county of Värmland by a student, in Human Geography at Karlstads University. An inductive way to work, a behaviour ideology and qualitative method have been used to answer the questions. Data have been collected by a “structured open ended” interview technique. Seven people have been interviewed. No general conclusions are drawn because the low amount interviews. Similarities and differences on the other hand are showed.</p>
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Rock, Amy E. "Identifying the spatial patterns of homelessness in Summit County, Ohio using GIS." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou----------.

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Books on the topic "Human Geography"

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Gregory, Derek, and Noel Castree. Human Geography. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446261965.

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Norton, William. Human geography. 4th ed. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Husain, Majid. Human geography. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

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Gregory, Derek, Ron Martin, and Graham Smith, eds. Human Geography. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1.

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Rex, Honey, and Eagle Thomas C, eds. Human geography. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1987.

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1960-, Kaplan David H., ed. Human geography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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William, Norton. Human geography. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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William, Norton. Human geography. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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William, Norton. Human geography. 6th ed. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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William, Norton. Human geography. 7th ed. Don Mills, Ont: OUP Canada, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human Geography"

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Leng, Shuying, Canfei He, Zhigang Li, Ying Wang, Fengkui Qian, Desheng Xue, Geng Lin, Ye Liu, and Yuqi Liu. "Human Geography." In Springer Geography, 89–125. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1884-8_5.

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Gulyamova, Lola. "Human Geography." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 197–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07873-6_5.

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Mountjoy, Alan B., and Clifford Embleton. "Human Geography." In Africa, 616–26. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032685700-67.

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Peng, Hua. "Human Activities." In Springer Geography, 115–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5959-0_8.

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Golledge, Reginald G. "Human wayfinding." In Applied Geography, 233–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2442-9_13.

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Holloway, Julian. "Spectral geography." In Introducing Human Geographies, 382–93. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265853-34.

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Gregory, Derek, Ron Martin, and Graham Smith. "Introduction: Human Geography, Social Change and Social Science." In Human Geography, 1–18. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_1.

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Philo, Chris. "History, Geography and the ‘Still Greater Mystery’ of Historical Geography." In Human Geography, 252–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_10.

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Martin, Ron. "Economic Theory and Human Geography." In Human Geography, 21–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_2.

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Smith, Graham. "Political Theory and Human Geography." In Human Geography, 54–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human Geography"

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Hallair, Gaëlle. "HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOGRAPHY IN EMMANUEL DE MARTONNE’S FIELD NOTEBOOKS: METHODS AND DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers, 273–90. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.273gh.

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As a historian of geography, I work on what constitutes geographical science, its object of study, its founding concepts and methodology; I analyze how geography is born and developed at the national and international levels through the circulation of knowledge. Therefore, I wondered about the apparent paradox contained in the very title of the congress (5th Congress of Slavic Geographers and Ethnographers) which closely associates geography and ethnography, in the continuity of previous congresses dating from the interwar period (Prague 1924, Poland 1927, Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1930 and Kingdom of Bulgaria 1936). In many countries, the academic world of the social sciences appears today increasingly compartmentalized; in geography in particular, there is on one side human geography and on the other physical geography, this was not the case during the interwar period, at the time of the first four congresses. What does this association with ethnography say about the evolution of geography (I speak here from the point of view of the geographer that I am) as a discipline at a time when geomorphology is predominant in geography? What are the links between ethnography, human geography and physical geography at the time of the first four congresses of Slavic geographers and ethnographers? In an attempt to shed light on this issue, I propose to study the part of human geography and ethnography in the 27 field notebooks of the French geographer Emmanuel de Martonne based on the results of a research program that I have coordinated at the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and entitled Corpus Emmanuel de Martonne. Given the close links between Emmanuel de Martonne and Jovan Cvijić, two great geomorphologists (but not only) internationally recognized, I will introduce some comparisons between them. After discussing the emergence of concepts related to human geography in the first half of the 20th century, the presentation will show what methodology and field tools are used by E. de Martonne and J. Cvijić to describe and explain human facts.
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Buck, A., A. Zare, J. Keller, and M. Popescu. "Endmember representation of human geography layers." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Big Data (CIBD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibd.2014.7011520.

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"Knowledge Geography: Human Geography Approach to Measuring Regional Divergence of Knowledge Capital." In 20th European Conference on Knowledge Management. ACPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/km.19.239.

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Colley, Ashley, Jacob Thebault-Spieker, Allen Yilun Lin, Donald Degraen, Benjamin Fischman, Jonna Häkkilä, Kate Kuehl, et al. "The Geography of Pokémon GO." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025495.

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Shapiro, Ben Rydal, and Rogers P. Hall. "Interaction Geography in a Museum." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053146.

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Das, Maitraye, Brent Hecht, and Darren Gergle. "The Gendered Geography of Contributions to OpenStreetMap." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300793.

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Zare, Alina, Zachary Fields, James M. Keller, and Joshua Horton. "Agent-based rumor spreading models for human geography applications." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352387.

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Li, Wenshi, and Zirong Li. "On the Teaching Reform of Fieldwork in Human Geography." In 2018 International Seminar on Education Research and Social Science (ISERSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iserss-18.2018.48.

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ТУМАНОВ, Дмитрий. "Cartographic works like tool for the formation of analytical and practical activities of students in high school." In "Mediul şi dezvoltarea durabilă", conferinţă ştiinţifică naţională cu participare internaţională, 291–302. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/cg.17-18-05-2024.p291-302.

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Geography plays a huge role both in the educational process and in human life. Used for educational purposes for a long time, atlases are still an excellent way to study various processes, phenomena and events in relation to geographic location. In the modern digital age, where technology and technology are developing at a rapid pace, textbooks in educational institutions still remain in the same paper-and-pencil form as many years ago. The development of cartographic science has reached such a high level in our time that on the created geographic maps it is possible not only to show the spatial relationships between objects and phenomena located on the earth’s surface, but also to display their most important qualitative features. Geographic maps serve as models of the territories and phenomena being studied, which makes them a wonderful means of understanding the world around us. Geographic maps and other cartographic works play an important role in the teaching of geography in specialized and theoretical educational centers of the Republic of Moldova.
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Bittencourt Machado, Christiano. "Flight Simulation In Geography Teaching: Experience Reports In Two Scenarios." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004561.

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There is an increasingly innovative range of resources in education, seeking to create a motivating environment for learning. The aim of this work was to present experience reports on the use of a flight simulator in Brazilian and biblical geography classes in an elementary school and a reformed Christian theology church, respectively. Microsoft® Flight Simulator was used for this purpose. Two educational scenarios are presented here: (1) teaching of geographical aspects of Brazil for 10-years old students; and (2) teaching of biblical aspects for 8 to 10-years old children from a reformed Christian theology church. The classroom was prepared to simulate an internal airplane environment. First, in the elementary school scenario, students could learn about Rio de Janeiro, Niterói (school city), the Amazon rainforest, Brasília (Brazilian capital), Pantanal and the southern region of the country. On the other hand, in the church scenario, children were able to have a bigger picture about Egypt, Sinai desert, Dead Sea, Jordan river, the Sea of Galilee, and other important biblical sites in Palestine, providing a rich opportunity to learn the main stories of the Old and New Testaments. Children approved the use of technology to assimilate the content, and further projects are intended to present this application for adults.
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Reports on the topic "Human Geography"

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Stock, Michael, and Jonathan Wentworth. Evaluating UK natural hazards: the national risk assessment. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pb31.

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Despite its relatively temperate climate and stable geography, natural hazards present multiple risks to human activity in the UK. These range from small-scale local occurrences, such as landslides, through regional incidents, such as flooding, to major high impact, low probability events, such as space weather. The impacts of such hazards can be wide-ranging but may include disruption to critical infrastructure and transport networks, detrimental effects on human welfare, and, in some cases, loss of life. This POSTbrief summarises the emergency planning for such hazards undertaken by Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet Office and published in the classified National Risk Assessment (NRA) and unclassified National Risk Register (NRR).
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Willox, Dino. Rehumanising international education. Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30688/janzssa.2024-2-05.

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Recent legislative changes are impacting the educational landscape in Australia. These changes are intended to positively influence the educational pathways available to students across Australia, imagining new futures in which academic potential is not restricted by birth, geography, parentage, Indigeneity, cultural or racial heritage, or financial capacity. These are laudable and ethical aims—education, after all, is a human right (United Nations, 1948). The policy enactment of these legislative changes, however, seems not only to run anathema to this intent but also to have significant consequences for our students—both directly and indirectly. As educational institutions, we have an obligation to ensure that we support our students to participate fully in their learning journey and graduate successfully. The current policy landscape is making this task concurrently both more important and more difficult; the locus of much of this tension is on and around our international students. The question for universities and other educational institutions is what should we, and can we, do within this context to support our international students to succeed in their studies? How do we maintain and improve the student experience within constraining fiscal and political environments with increasing compliance, regulation, and expectation and ever decreasing resources—human, financial, and emotional? Beyond this, we also need to consider how we, as a sector, respond to the situation such that we change the narrative and challenge the political and economic landscape in which we find ourselves. Firstly, we need to understand how we got into this situation to be able to navigate a way forwards.
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Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. The Long-Term Rise of Labor Market Detachment: Evidence from Local Labor Markets. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1138.

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We develop a measure of chronic joblessness among prime-age men and women in the United States—termed the detachment rate— that identifies those who have been out of the labor force for more than a year. We show that the detachment rate more than doubled for men since the early 1980s and rose by a quarter for women since 2000, though it is consistently considerably higher for women than men. We then explore the economic geography of labor market detachment to help explain its rise. Results show that the detachment rate increased more in places with weak local economies, particularly those that experienced a loss of routine production and administrative support jobs due to globalization and technological change. The loss of production jobs affected both men and women and was particularly consequential in the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s, while the loss of administrative support jobs mostly affected women and was particularly severe in the 1980s and 1990s. Moreover, we find the rise in detachment was concentrated among older prime-age individuals and those without a college degree, and occurred less in places with high human capital.
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Mehrotra, Santosh. Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.011.

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In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina, Penny Bamber, and Vivian Couto. Analysis of the Textile and Clothing Industry Global Value Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004638.

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The textile and apparel industry is a highly globalized, multi-trillion-dollar sector. Today, production networks are dominated by low-cost Asian countries with very large labor-pools, which has made it increasingly difficult for other producers around the world to compete, including those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the region has participated in the industry, there are currently no LAC countries amongst the leading ten exporters. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with rising geopolitical tensions between the US and China, however, has disrupted this well-established business model over the past two to three years. This creates the most significant opportunity of the past decade to reconfigure the geography of the supply chain; as a small, but long-term supplier, with proximity to the worlds largest single market, Central America is well-positioned to benefit from these changes. Nonetheless, the region needs to upgrade various aspects of their GVC participation in order to become a serious contender in the reconfiguration of the industry. Key policies should focus on developing human capital through industry-specific training initiatives; intensifying investment attraction efforts; and aggressively investing in both hard and soft infrastructure to reduce barriers to trade and enhance lead time responsiveness.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina, Penny Bamber, and Vivian Couto. Analysis of the Textile and Clothing Industry Global Value Chains: Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004663.

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The textile and apparel industry is a highly globalized, multi-trillion-dollar sector. Today, production networks are dominated by low-cost Asian countries with very large labor-pools, which has made it increasingly difficult for other producers around the world to compete, including those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the region has participated in the industry, there are currently no LAC countries amongst the leading ten exporters. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with rising geopolitical tensions between the US and China, however, has disrupted this well-established business model over the past two to three years. This creates the most significant opportunity of the past decade to reconfigure the geography of the supply chain; as a small, but long-term supplier, with proximity to the worlds largest single market, Central America is well-positioned to benefit from these changes. Nonetheless, the region needs to upgrade various aspects of their GVC participation in order to become a serious contender in the reconfiguration of the industry. Key policies should focus on developing human capital through industry-specific training initiatives; intensifying investment attraction efforts; and aggressively investing in both hard and soft infrastructure to reduce barriers to trade and enhance lead time responsiveness.
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7

Rauch, James. Productivity Gains From Geographic Concentration of human Capital: Evidence From the Cities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3905.

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8

Boyle, M., M. Gregory, Michael Byrne, Paula Capece, Sarah Corbett, and Wendy Wright. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring in Southeast Coast Network parks: Protocol implementation plan. National Park Service, 2019. https://doi.org/10.36967/2263392.

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The Southeast Coast Network conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service. Vegetation in parks is monitored as a key vital sign and indicator of overall ecosystem health because changes in vegetation condition reflect effects of stressors such as extreme weather, disease, invasive species, fire, and land use change. Plants also provide the structured habitat and food resources on which other species depend. Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The Southeast Coast Network adheres to the definition of “natural” vegetation proposed by the National Vegetation Classification System as “vegetation which appears to be unmodified by human activities”, which differs from “cultural” vegetation “which is planted or actively maintained by humans such as annual croplands, orchards, and vineyards (Grossman et al. 1998).” Terrestrial vegetation monitoring takes place within natural vegetation areas of 15 national park units within the Southeast Coast Network. Parks include Canaveral National Seashore (CANA), Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), Congaree National Park (CONG), Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS), Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR), Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA), Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU), Fort Sumter National Monument (FOSU), Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Moores Creek National Battlefield (MOCR), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), and Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). The Southeast Coast Network monitors between nine and seventy-seven randomly located plots within each park. The number of plots depends on several factors, including the total terrestrial area and coverage of broadly defined habitat types within the park or its respective management unit. Monitored habitat types include tidal and nontidal maritime wetlands, alluvial wetlands, nonalluvial wetlands, upland forests, open upland woodlands, and natural to semi natural successional communities. Plots are 20 × 20 meters (65.6 × 65.6 feet [ft]) in size. Data collected in each plot include species richness, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), and site conditions and environmental covariates. The Southeast Coast Network’s approach, rationale, and required resources for terrestrial vegetation monitoring are described in this document, the protocol implementation plan narrative. Ten associated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) provide detailed instructions on how to collect, manage, analyze, and disseminate the project’s findings. The network’s narrative and some SOPs are derived, in large part, from Vegetation Monitoring Protocol for the Cumberland Piedmont Network, Version 1 (White et al. 2011). Any differences in approach between the two networks is documented throughout this Southeast Coast Network narrative and the SOP documents.
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9

Navarro, Adoracion. Constructing a Subnational Infrastructure Development Index and Examining the Link between Infrastructure and Migration in Philippine Regions. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/pn2024.02.

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This Policy Note analyzes the link between subnational infrastructure and internal migration across regions. Using a composite infrastructure development index, it finds that infrastructure development has a positive influence on migration. However, it contends that migration is a phenomenon that reflects population response to changes in the economic characteristics of geographic areas. As such, this Note recommends minimizing inequities, improving infrastructure to attract investment and jobs, and managing congestion in informal settlements as more sustainable options. Finally, it highlights that migration cannot be forced and can create both challenges and human resource-related opportunities in the destination areas.
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10

Rosales, María Fernanda. Impact of Early Life Shocks on Human Capital Formation: El Niño Floods in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011668.

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A growing body of research argues that early adverse experiences have lasting effects not only on later health outcomes, but also on human capital accumulation. This paper investigates the persistent effect of negative shocks early in life on children's health and cognitive outcomes, and explores whether shocks at certain periods matter more than others. The paper exploits the geographic intensity of extreme floods during the 1997-1998 El Niño phenomenon in Ecuador as a source of exogenous variation in children's exposure to a negative shock at different periods early in life. It is shown that children exposed to severe floods in utero, especially during the third trimester, are shorter in stature five and seven years later. Also, children affected by the floods in the first trimester of pregnancy score lower on cognitive tests. Potential mechanisms are explored by studying how exposure to the El Niño shock affected key inputs to the production of children's human capital: birth weight and family inputs (income, consumption, and breastfeeding). Children exposed to El Niño floods, especially during the third trimester in utero, were more likely to be born with low birth weight. Furthermore, households affected by El Niño 1997-98 suffered a decline in income, total consumption, and food consumption in the aftermath of the shock. Moreover, exposure to El Niño floods decreased the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and increased the duration of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Falsification exercises suggest that selection concerns such as selective fertility, mobility, and infant mortality do not drive these results.
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