Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human geography, middle east

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Human geography, middle east'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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Burton, Elise K. "Accidents of Geography." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 54, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2024.54.1.3.

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Over the past two decades, human geneticists have substantially embraced the concept of “biogeographical ancestry” to account for the racial, ethnic, and linguistic categories they use to analyze and interpret genetic difference. Understanding the ongoing role of these categories in human genetic research therefore requires attention to geneticists’ representations of geography, particularly the geographic maps they use to illustrate gene distribution and migration. This article examines how the methods and imagery of international genetic geography and its major evolutionary narratives have reinforced or refashioned nationalist practices of geography in the Middle East. Geneticists simultaneously conceptualize the region’s physical space as both a historical “crossroads” of human migration and the birthplace of distinct gene sequences and civilizations, alternately blurring and sharpening the boundaries between Europe and Asia. Focusing on genetic research in Turkey and Iran, this paper analyzes how geneticists draw and interpret geographic maps of the region while selectively erasing or highlighting state borders. These genetic maps negotiate between the idealized aims of international projects to reconstruct human evolutionary history, and the reality of practicing science under the constraints of nation-state politics.
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Cardenas, Sonia, and Andrew Flibbert. "National Human Rights Institutions in the Middle East." Middle East Journal 59, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/59.3.14.

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Ten states in the Middle East have created or plan to establish “national human rights institutions” to implement internationally recognized norms. This article offers a systematic survey of this new but unexplored terrain, examining issues of institutional creation, design, and impact in the context of domestic and international influences. After describing the global trend and analyzing the regional cases, the article concludes by discussing the positive aspects and persistent challenges facing these emerging actors.
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Al-Khalifa, M., and N. Al-Khalifa. "Human Rights in the Middle-East: The Rights of Women and Children." Refugee Survey Quarterly 26, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdi0284.

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Moustafa, Yousry. "The Islamisation of Human Rights: Implications for Gender and Politics in the Middle East." IDS Bulletin 42, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2011.00197.x.

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Wong, Lok-Yin Roy, Jian Zheng, Alan Sariol, Shea Lowery, David K. Meyerholz, Tom Gallagher, and Stanley Perlman. "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike protein variants exhibit geographic differences in virulence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (June 7, 2021): e2102983118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102983118.

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Human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases were detected primarily in the Middle East before a major outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015. The Korean outbreak was initiated by a single infected individual, allowing studies of virus evolution in the absence of further MERS-CoV introduction into human populations. In contrast, MERS is primarily a camel disease on the Arabian Peninsula and in Africa, with clinical disease in humans only in the former location. Previous work identified two mutations in the South Korean MERS-CoV, D510G and I529T on the Spike (S) protein, that led to impaired binding to the receptor. However, whether these mutations affected virulence is unknown. To address this question, we constructed isogenic viruses expressing mutations found in the S protein from Korean isolates and showed that isogenic viruses carrying the Korean MERS-CoV mutations, D510G or I529T, were attenuated in mice, resulting in greater survival, less induction of inflammatory cytokines, and less severe lung injury. In contrast, isogenic viruses expressing S proteins from African isolates were nearly fully virulent; other studies showed that West African camel isolates carry mutations in MERS-CoV accessory proteins, which may limit human transmission. These data indicate that following a single-point introduction of the virus, MERS-CoV S protein evolved rapidly in South Korea to adapt to human populations, with consequences on virulence. In contrast, the mutations in S proteins of African isolates did not change virulence, indicating that S protein variation likely does not play a major role in the lack of camel-to-human transmission in Africa.
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Wien, Peter. "Tribes and Tribalism in the Modern Middle East: Introduction." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (August 2021): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074382100074x.

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This roundtable is the product of a conference on tribalism in the Modern Middle East held at the University of Maryland in College Park in early May 2019. In two days of scholarly exchange, the participants addressed questions on the reality of tribal life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and its impact on politics and society. Most of the specialists who participated in the conference are also contributors in this forum. To keep the discussion concise, the case studies focus on the Arab East – Syria, Jordan, and Iraq – as well as Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Building on the findings and reflections shared in College Park, the contributors responded to the following prompt as a point of departure for their essays: For cultural, intellectual, political, and arguably even most social historians, tribes remain an enigma. As an ideal-type, the tribe seems to be all that the modern state is not: it defies positive law, rational administrative structures, equal citizenship based on individual rights and duties, and, still, in some cases, sovereignty based on fixed territorial boundaries. As a non-state, the tribe seems to be, on the other hand, the most enduring socio-political structure of human history. It is a kind of substrate, or a hetero-stratum of social organization at least in Middle Eastern societies. Its position as such seems even more pronounced in today's period of state disintegration and instability. What is the place of tribes in modern society, how do they relate to the modern state? How can what is seemingly an atavism of pre-modern times still have currency in today's world?The responses share the perception that tribes are not the antithesis of the modern state or of progress in the region. Researchers and politicians alike should take them into account in their analyses of modernization processes. They offer meaningful identities and forms of organization across the region and enjoy influence and power.
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Shehadeh, Raja. "In PursuIt of My Ottoman Uncle: Reimagining the Middle East Region as One." Journal of Palestine Studies 40, no. 4 (2011): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2011.xl.4.82.

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In April 2011, Raja Shehadeh visited the United States to promote the U.S. edition of his new book, A Rift in Time: Travels with my Ottoman Uncle (OR Books, 2011). JPS heard several of his presentations, during which he read passages from his book and reflected on its genesis, major themes, and how writing it changed his thinking about the future of the region. In response to our request, he agreed to allow us to compile the typed notes for his various lectures into a single integrated essay, which he later edited and expanded with additional reflections and comments.A London-trained lawyer with numerous cases in Israel's military courts to his credit, Shehadeh first gained prominence as a human rights advocate and cofounder (in 1979) of al-Haq—the West Bank affiliate of the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists and the first human rights organization in the occupied territories—and for his legal writings. He has written a number of memoirs, one of which—Palestinian Walks:Forays into a Vanishing Landscape—won the Orwell Prize, Britain's top award for political writing, in 2008.
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Arif, Ghulam M. "Period Without a Job After Returning from the Middle East: A Survival Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (December 1, 1996): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.805-822.

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Since the mid-1980s Pakistan has faced return flows of its workers from the Middle East on a large scale. The re-employment experience of returning workers has usually been examined by focusing on the unemployment rate. This paper concentrates on ‘duration of unemployment’ and examines the influences of socio-demographic characteristics of returnees and their households on the transition from being ‘not employed’ to being employed by estimating the proportional hazards model. The 1986 ILO survey of return migrant households is the data source used in this study. The majority of returnees who were ‘not employed’ (unemployed and inactive) had been without a job for more than one year. Nearly one-quarter of them had not been working for more than two years. The analysis shows that variables indicating the human capital of return migrants, such as age, education, occupation and work experience, appear to have greater influence on their re-employment probabilities than variables related to economic position, such as savings.
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Voll, John O. "Pensée 3: Reconceptualizing the “Regions” in “Area Studies”." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090618.

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“Area studies” as a way of trying to understand human experience is undergoing a major transition. Questioning the connection between Middle East and African studies highlights important dimensions of the changing nature of area studies at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Allen, Lori. "Studying Human Rights in the Middle East: Lingua Franca of Global Politics or Forked Tongue of Donors?" International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000088.

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The study of human rights has gone through many phases, and the boom in the scholarly industry of human rights studies has yielded many subspecialties, including human rights in particular regions and the intersections of human rights with different religious traditions. One principal area of discussion likely to be of interest to readers of this journal has been the question of Muslim women's human rights and the role of religion in this respect. The problem was often presented as primarily an ideological one, a conflict between a local tradition, Islam, and the global demands for human rights.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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Longshore-Cook, Beatrice S. "Organizations of Women: Towards an Equal Future in Palestine." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/196.

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The development and struggle for nationalism in Palestine, as seen through an historical lens of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, demonstrates the complexity of gendered spaces and narratives inherent in any conflict. Women’s roles have often been confined to specific, gendered spaces within their society. However, through the utilization of these roles, women are circumnavigating the gendered spaces of their society in order to effectively alter the political and social systems of Palestine. Through a discussion of two specific women’s organizations – the Jerusalem Center for Women (JCW) and the Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC) – this work will demonstrate the significance of Palestinian women’s agency in shaping the political and social atmosphere in Palestine. These two organizations focus on achieving women’s rights, utilizing feminist ideology and terminology, but to varying degrees and affect. Although feminism is not explicitly proposed by each organization, the work of each nonetheless addresses the inequalities of the state in order to afford women an equal standing within the society and the eventually, fully recognized State of Palestine. These organizations clearly demonstrate the ability of women in Palestine to act upon their own intentions, desires, and motivations, through the maximization of the gendered spaces, in order to achieve gender, political, social, and national change.
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Lambert, Laurent A. "Drivers and barriers to change in desalinated water governance in the GCC : a comparative approach to water privatisations in Abu Dhabi, Doha and Kuwait City." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d98027bc-e479-46da-9f6f-1572e57f630c.

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The global water crisis has often been presented as a crisis of governance and attributed to various factors, including the slowness of institutional adjustments to rapid structural challenges such as demographic growth, resource degradation and economic difficulties (UNU-INWEH, 2012). Despite the rapid growth of cities around the world and a fast increase in the use of desalination for freshwater supply (WHO, 2011), the dynamics of institutional change in desalinated urban water governance have never been researched. This thesis investigates the drivers, barriers and counter-forces to a major institutional change - privatisation - in the desalinated water governance of the coastal cities of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Through the cases of public private partnerships (PPPs) in Abu Dhabi and Doha and the failed attempt to implement similar PPPs in Kuwait City, this research investigates the diverse forces that have led to the implementation of this new institutional arrangement in order to question - both empirically and theoretically - the literature’s general assumption that privatisation reforms in urban water services in the South arise from structural issues, e.g. a water crisis, an economic crisis and/or a governance crisis. The three main schools of comparative studies are used systematically to test hypotheses about causal relationships between selected variables. The structural approach is applied to examine the influences of the redistributive rentier state, oil price fluctuations and regional energy integration over the privatisation process. Adopting a Post-colonial perspective, the political culture approach is used to examine critically the contemporary influences of traditional cultural features, key local institutions and foreign cultural influences over the fluctuating roles of both the State and the markets in the local urban water supply since the late 19th century. Finally, the rational agency theory is used to examine the role in the recent privatisation process of key political figures from the ruling families. This research demonstrates that the privatisation process of desalination units in Abu Dhabi and Doha was not driven by structural factors during the 2000s, a period of high oil prices, but was initiated in the 1990s and driven the following decade by the agency of a reforming elite wanting to privatize the water sector as part of a broader dynamic of construction of a neoliberal post-rentier economy – i.e. an intermediary political economic paradigm that aims to mediate the transition from rentierism to a fully liberalized economy. The political culture approach shows that these privatisations were facilitated by a gradual shift from pure rentierism towards a post-rentier form of neoliberalism in the political philosophy of liberal water technocrats on the one hand, and towards a regional trend of ‘pious neoliberalism’ (Atia, 2011) among practicing Sunni Muslims. Nevertheless, the enduring rentier mentality has constituted a strong counter-force to privatisation dynamics. The PPPs were implemented in Abu Dhabi and Doha because the local ruling elites situated the political bargaining within the tribal institutional milieus that they mastered completely through the control of the rent and related benefits. In Kuwait however, negotiations between the ruling elites and the leading political forces, the tribes and the opposition, were situated in a parliamentary institutional milieu that the ruling elite could not control and where the opposition and tribal MPs have opposed all reforms of the rentier ruling bargain. These findings illustrate that institutional changes in desalinated water governance are not neutrally driven by uncontrollable structural forces, but are the product of political bargaining between and among various rational political actors and their coalitions. This thesis also shows that in non-democratic or semi-democratic settings, the choice of a specific institutional milieu by the authorities is critical to the successful bargaining of institutional reforms, since it determines whether some key actors - along with structural factors (e.g. rent) and cultural factors (e.g. tribal influence) - will support the process or will be able to act against it.
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Spinks, Brandon Todd. "The status of democratization and human rights of the Middle East." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5430/.

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The end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have been accompanied by the spread of democracy, advancement in respect for human rights, and the introduction of market reforms in different parts of the world. The Middle Eastern region has not been an exception to this trend, where, in response to the mounting economic crisis and domestic public pressure, several governments introduced democratic and economic reforms. This thesis investigates the trends in the distribution of political authority among the Middle Eastern countries and the progress that these countries have made on the path of democracy and respect of human rights. Also explored are the various processes of political liberalization in Middle East states, and explanations posed as to why certain types of regimes have allowed for conditions conducive for reform and others have not.
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Werden, Joanna Rae. "Democracy, human rights and religiosity in the Middle East." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24369.pdf.

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Agnarson, Lars. "Estonia's health geography : West versus east - an ethnic approach." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-162.

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The purpose with this essay is to explore the social changes in relation to changes in mortality for the two largest ethnic groups in Estonia; ethnic Estonians and the Russian minority. Since this is a geographical essay, my purpose is also to explore these changes in relation to the country’s internal geography. As these changes appear over time in space, the content is partly rooted in a time geographical point of view. It is also rooted in a regional geographical point of view, since I have been comparing the mentioned changes between different areas in Estonia (with considerations on developments abroad).

Two different development lines can be seen as a consequence of the social changes taking place in the 1990s. While the ethnic Estonians situation has improved, the Russian minority’s situation has instead declined regarding to social existence and health. As a result the mortality has increased enormously for the Russian minority. The ethnic Estonians had also a mortality increase in practically all studied causes of death in all studied areas, but this increase wasn’t as high as for the Russian minority. Nevertheless, when comparing two different counties with each other as well as with the country as whole, the pattern seems to be more complicated. The Russians living in the western county of Läänemaa, have been affected more favourably by the social change than those living in the north-eastern county of Ida-Virumaa. Except for mortality by alcohol poisoning, the Russians living in Läänemaa had a much lower mortality increase than those living in Ida-Viruma and even compared with the country as whole.

It seems as those Russians living in the western parts of Estonia have been affected more favourably than those living in the north-eastern parts. These structures are very much depending on the history, since most of the Russians living in the north-eastern area immigrated during the Soviet era, while the western parts had a much earlier immigration of Russians. Considering the time and place of the Russian immigration, one can divide the Russian minority in two groups; those in the west, and those in the east.

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Hosseinioun, Mishana. "The globalisation of universal human rights and the Middle East." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f6bdf79-2512-4f32-840a-3565a096ae8d.

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The goal of this study is to generate a more holistic picture of the diffusion and assimilation of universal human rights norms in diverse cultural and political settings such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The overarching question to be investigated in this thesis is the relationship between the evolving international human rights regime and the emerging human rights normative and legal culture in the Middle East. This question will be investigated in detail with reference to regional human rights schemes such as the Arab Charter of Human Rights, as well as local human rights developments in three Middle Eastern states, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Having gauged the take-up of human rights norms on the ground at the local and regional levels, the thesis examines in full the extent of socialisation and internalisation of human rights norms across the Middle East region at large.
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Mecit, Mustafa. "Construction Of The Middle East As A Separate Region." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607986/index.pdf.

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The thesis attempts to illuminate the construction process of the Middle East as a separate region. Within this context, it first seeks to find out what a region means. For this sake, the thesis outlines the historical development of the discipline of geography and the changing meanings of region in line with the disciplinary developments. Furthermore, it concentrates on the emergence of the region Middle East, its denomination and transformation along with changing international politics. Finally, the thesis evaluates the existence of the ethnocentric geographical term Middle East within the context of current global conditions.
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Abunafeesa, Elsadig Yagoub A. "The post-1970 political geography of the Red Sea region, with special reference to United States interests." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7876/.

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This is a pioneer and comprehensive study of the political geography of the Red Sea region. Background studies on geopolitics, physical environment, and resources are offered. The thesis is especially concerned with three basic American interests in the Red Sea. Firstly, energy interest: United States deep concern about uninterrupted flow of oil supplies from the Gulf to the former as well as to its Western allies creates an increasing American interest in the Red Sea route, particularly since the Gulf tanker war in 1982. Such interest is clearly seen in United States political, technical, and financial involvement in the Suez Canal (1975) and in the current laying of pipelines from the Gulf to the Red Sea. Disruption of those supplies to the US or its allies may result in American use of force. Secondly, shipping interest: such concern is clearly shown in United States involvement in matters relating to the Suez Canal, the Straits of Bab al Mandeb and Tiran. Freedom of navigation through the Red Sea, especially for Israeli ships, is a major American interest in this respect. United States refusal to sign the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea may involve the former into conflict with some Red Sea States, particularly when American nuclear-powered vessels sail from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean or vice versa. Thirdly, Soviet involvement in Afghanistan, the Gulf war and the resurgence of Islam are becoming increasingly worrying to the US, because such developments are feared as a destabilizing factor to the stability of the oil producing states of the Arabian peninsula, with particular reference to Saudi Arabia, the most important Red Sea state.
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Al-Aali, La'aleh Mohamed Moosa Jafar. "Nationalization : a case from the Middle East 'Kingdom of Bahrain'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nationalization--a-case-from-the-middle-east-kingdom-of-bahrain(8ef37a98-eb10-4f62-ae7c-2ecfa78884d4).html.

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This research explores human resource development ‘HRD’ as a ‘nationalization strategy’ within developing contexts. A framework for managing nationalization challenges and issues is constructed based on a ‘development’ concept at a national level. The development concept researched in the study is examined and explored through HRD and capacity building. Nationalization as an HRD national strategy is of crucial importance in developing country contexts, and this is especially true for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the Middle East. Nationalization strategies have been applied by GCC countries in the Middle East to increase national labour participation within the economy. Since the early 1980s, although nationalization strategies have been implemented through government authorities and ministries, the expatriate employment share remains at around 70 per cent with increasing national unemployment rates. The main aim of the research is to explore the role of nationalization programs within an HRD framework designed to build capacity from national human resources. Forces of resistance towards nationalization are addressed through a development framework that depends on human resource development and capacity building. Nationalization challenges are examined within developing contexts along with HRD theories presenting an intersection that positions ‘nationalization’ within HRD literature. Addressing nationalization issues through a ‘qualitative’ approach, distinct from quantitative measures such as quotas, proves to be a necessity for transitioning national labour towards a diversified economy in the GCC. The framework presented to address nationalization in the GCC was explored at the individual, organizational and national levels, hence presenting the nationalization challenges faced by the main executors of nationalization policies. The research findings reveal a strong correlation between the real practice of nationalization and HRD theories revealing the intersection between key concepts. The research findings demonstrate the significance of the intersection of nationalization and HRD, thus positioning nationalization within the HRD literature. The research findings reveal other ‘qualitative’ factors necessary to ensure long-term economic returns. The relevant areas include preparation of HRD professionals, coordination among entities, balancing supply and demand for labour, creating desired private sectors, education and culture. Considering retention strategies within nationalization indicates to be a crucial necessity to avoid lost investments in nationalization efforts. An examination of the role of career development in private sector organizations in Bahrain for managing and retaining local talents within nationalization initiatives reveals the importance of considering monetary rewards and creating suitable nationalized sectors that are attractive to nationals. The research examination of change management processes within nationalization in Bahrain provides strong evidence of the importance of considering qualitative approaches for developing economic sectors through national human resource interventions by embedding capacity building processes that can create long-term economic sustainable benefits within the economy. Therefore, the research findings provide a nationalization framework that takes a holistic approach by revealing findings at the individual, organizational and national levels that are essential to consider for increasing national human resources participation in developing economies such as the GCC countries where resistance towards nationalization persists.
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Bluth, Christoph. "Security, culture and human rights in the Middle East and South Asia." Xlibris, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17560.

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No
European countries are dealing with an increasing number of refugees seeking asylum. Country evidence is critical in the assessment of any asylum claim. The purpose of this study is to review some of the common issues which frequently are the focus of asylum appeal cases in relation to applicants from South Asia and the Middle East. The focus is on Pakistan, Iraq and Iran and it covers a range of issues that give rise to asylum claims, such as the general security situation, the risk from terrorism and other forms of political violence, the risk to political opponents of governments, the risks in blood feuds and from the perceived violation of family honour, religious persecution and the risks faced by ethnic minorities. It is a very useful resource to volunteers and professionals involved in supporting asylum seekers.
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Books on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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Dolukhanov, Pavel Markovich. Environment and ethnicty [sic] in the Middle East. Aldershot [England]: Avebury, 1994.

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Baylson, Joshua C. Territorial allocation by imperial rivalry: The human legacy in the Near East. [Chicago]: University of Chicago, 1988.

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Lancaster, William. Honour is in contentment: Life before oil in Ras al-Khaimah (UAE) and some neighbouring regions. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.

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1937-, Jankowski James P., ed. The geography of the Middle East. 2nd ed. New Brunswick: Aldine Transaction, 2008.

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B, Fisher W., ed. The Middle East: Geography and geopolitics. London: Routledge, 2000.

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Taher, Mohammed. Understanding India's North East. Guwahati: Rasmi Prakas, 2016.

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Schofield, C. The Middle East and North Africa. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Kemp, Geoffrey. Strategic geography and the changing Middle East. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 1997.

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Monshipouri, Mahmood, ed. Human Rights in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001986.

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Pereira, Vijay, Mark Neal, Yama Temouri, and Wardah Qureshi, eds. Human Capital in the Middle East. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42211-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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Boniface, Brian, and Chris Cooper. "The tourism geography of the Middle East." In Worldwide Destinations, 451–78. 9th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003406853-22.

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D’Angelo, Edoardo. "Chapter 16. The Middle East." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 264–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxiv.16dan.

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Literary Latin production of the Middle East during the Crusader period (eleventh-fifteenth century) is surely not extensive, but it exists and is important. Of course, some literary genres in the “Latin East” survive only in French (epic, legal texts, etc.), but several other genres were composed in Latin, such as historiography, theology, poetry, geography and other ones (scientific translations from oriental languages, etc.).
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Kaynak, Akif Bahadır, and Deniz Ülke Arıboğan. "Making of a New Petro-State in the Middle East? Fossil Fueled Kurdistan Regional Government." In Springer Geography, 56–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20620-7_6.

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Kyriazi, Tenia. "Human trafficking in the Middle East." In Routledge Handbook of Human Trafficking, 93–106. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315709352-8.

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Entezarulmahdy, Mostafa. "Consequences of Globalization for the Middle East Political Geography." In The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_161-1.

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Entezarulmahdy, Mostafa. "Consequences of Globalization for the Middle East Political Geography." In The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity, 773–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_161.

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Zafra, M. Lerman. "Pursuing Peace in the Middle East Through Science." In Human Rights and Peace, 153–64. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003496526-11.

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Budhwar, Pawan, Vijay Pereira, and Mohammed Aboramadan. "Managing Human Resources in the Middle East." In Doing Business in the Middle East, 146–60. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005766-12.

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Mirzaei, Parham A., and Reihaneh Aghamolaei. "The Hot Climate of the Middle East." In Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, 205–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4050-3_10.

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Bhatta, Aishwarya, Sunanda Sahoo, Korra Bhanu Teja, and Shilpa J. Tomar. "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)." In Emerging Human Viral Diseases, Volume I, 189–208. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2820-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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Sherif, Fayroz F., Yasser Kadah, and Mahmoud El-Hefnawi. "Classification of human vs. non-human, and subtyping of human influenza viral strains using Profile Hidden Markov Models." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752105.

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Eid, Fatma Elzahraa, Haitham Elmarakeby, Lenwood Heath, and Mahmoud ElHefnawi. "Human microRNAs targeting hepatitis C virus." In 2014 Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2014.6783236.

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Taruno, Warsito P., Muhammad F. Ihsan, Marlin R. Baidillah, Timothy Tandian, Mahdi Mahendra, and Mohammed Aljohani. "Electrical capacitance volume tomography for human brain motion activity observation." In 2014 Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2014.6783227.

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Ershaghi, Iraj, Milad A. Ershaghi, and Fatimah Al-Ruwai. "Human Factors in Domain Adaptation Within the Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204820-ms.

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Abstract A serious issue facing many oil and gas companies is the uneasiness among the traditional engineering talents to learn and adapt to the changes brought about by digital transformation. The transformation has been expected as the human being is limited in analyzing problems that are multidimensional and there are difficulties in doing analysis on a large scale. But many companies face human factor issues in preparing the traditional staff to realize the potential of adaptation of AI (Artificial Intelligence) based decision making. As decision-making in oil and gas industry is growing in complexity, acceptance of digital based solutions remains low. One reason can be the lack of adequate interpretability. The data scientist and the end-users should be able to assure that the prediction is based on correct set of assumptions and conform to accepted domain expertise knowledge. A proper set of questions to the experts can include inquiries such as where the information comes from, why certain information is pertinent, what is the relationship of components and also would several experts agree on such an assignment. Among many, one of the main concerns is the trustworthiness of applying AI technologies There are limitations of current continuing education approaches, and we suggest improvements that can help in such transformation. It takes an intersection of human judgment and the power of computer technology to make a step-change in accepting predictions by (ML) machine learning. A deep understanding of the problem, coupled with an awareness of the key data, is always the starting point. The best solution strategy in petroleum engineering adaptation of digital technologies requires effective participation of the domain experts in algorithmic-based preprocessing of data. Application of various digital solutions and technologies can then be tested to select the best solution strategies. For illustration purposes, we examine a few examples where digital technologies have significant potentials. Yet in all, domain expertise and data preprocessing are essential for quality control purposes
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Khalaf, K., and H. Hemami. "A philosophical perspective on studies of human movement." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752153.

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Riahi, Dorra, Wassim Bouachir, Youssef Ouakrim, and Neila Mezghani. "Depth imaging system for human posture recognition." In 2018 IEEE 4th Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2018.8402429.

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Mcgowan, Blake. "Human Factors Design Considerations for the Aging Population." In Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136597-ms.

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Nassef, Tamer M., Nahed H. Solouma, Mohamed Alkhodary, Mona K. Marei, and Yasser M. Kadah. "Extraction of human mandible bones from multi-slice computed tomographic data." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752115.

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Hadi, Ali, Mehran Makvandi, and Saeed Givehchi. "Assessment of Human Reliability in Drilling Oil and Gas Wells Operation using CREAM." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189356-ms.

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Andani, Mehran Emadi, Fariba Bahrami, and Parviz Jabehdar Maralani. "Real-time movement planning: A new model to describe human motor planning level." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752138.

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Reports on the topic "Human geography, middle east"

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AL ABAIDANI, I., and S. A. S. MOHAMEDNOUR. Addressing challenges in the Middle East at the human–animal interface under the One Health concept. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/tt.2760.

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Melford, Attah Nnaemeka. Western Economic Interests and Human Rights in the Middle East: A focus on the Impact of US/EU Economic interests on the Human Rights Situation in Saudi Arabia (2000 - 2022). Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1602.

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Dalabajan, Dante, Ruth Mayne, Blandina Bobson, Hadeel Qazzaz, Henry Ushie, Jacobo Ocharan, Jason Farr, et al. Towards a Just Energy Transition: Implications for communities in lower- and middle-income countries. Oxfam, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9936.

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More frequent or intense floods, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and typhoons devastate people’s homes, livelihoods and the natural world. A clean energy transition is urgently needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent the impacts worsening. Wealthy countries have the prime historic responsibility for the climate crisis and therefore for its mitigation. But as the clean energy transition gathers speed, it inevitably also impacts lower-income, lower-emitting countries and communities. This research report, written by 20 co-authors from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, the US and Europe, investigates the implications of the energy transition for them, and asks how the world can achieve a truly just, as well as fast, transition. The findings highlight the stark choice facing humanity. If the transition is undertaken with justice and respect for communities’ rights at its heart, it offers an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously mitigate the climate crisis and reduce poverty and inequality. Conversely, an unjust transition, which entrenches or exacerbates inequalities, risks generating public resistance and slowing the transition with devastating human consequences.
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Kintz, Erica, Erin Lewis, and Victoria Cohen. Qualitative assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 to human health through food exposures to deer in the UK. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jip603.

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SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the infectious disease COVID-19 (Gorbalenya et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)), was first detected in the human population in December 2019 (Zhu et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)). It has since spread to become a global pandemic. Previously, two other novel coronaviruses caused illness in the human population. The first, SARS-CoV (for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was recognised as a new illness in 2004 and the second, MERS-CoV (for Middle East respiratory syndrome) in 2012 (de Wit et al. 2016). These previous coronavirus outbreaks in humans occurred after bat coronaviruses passed through intermediate hosts (civet cats and camels, respectively) and then transmitted to infect humans (de Wit et al. 2016). SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals such as dogs, cats and ferrets and also in captive or farmed animals such as tigers and mink have been observed, likely as spill over events from contact with infected humans (WOAH 2022). There is now a large body of evidence from the United States that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting white-tailed deer and that it can then spread further in the deer population (details in “What is the risk of SARS-CoV-2 being introduced into the cervid population in Great Britain?” (Defra, 2022). Assuming a worst-case scenario where SARS-CoV-2 is circulating within the UK deer population, this risk assessment was performed to determine whether handling and/or consuming UK-produced deer meat and/or offal may pose a risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in humans.
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Eise, Jessica, Natalie Lambert, Tiwaladeoluwa Adekunle, and Laura Eise. More Inclusive, More Practical: Climate Change Communication Research to Serve the Future. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317278.

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Climate change impacts are being felt around the world, threatening human well-being and global food security. Social scientists in communication and other fields, in tandem with physical scientists, are critical for implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies effectively and equitably. In the face of rapidly evolving circumstances, it is time to take stock of our current climate change communication research and look toward where we need to go. Based on our systematic review of mid- to current climate change research trends in communication as well as climate change response recommendations by the American Meteorological Society, we suggest future directions for research. We urgently recommend communication research that (1) addresses immediate mitigation and adaptation concerns in local communities and (2) is more geographically diverse, particularly focusing on the African continent, the Caribbean, Latin America, the Middle East and certain parts of Asia.
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. COVID-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.118.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and Internati- onal Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on Febru- ary 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongo- ing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observa- tion due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of avai- lable resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction."
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
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