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Journal articles on the topic 'Human health and pathology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 July 2024

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1

Gupta, P. D., and Alpana Gupta. "The Immuno-Pathology of the Human Placenta." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/0060.

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The human placenta once was thrown after the delivery, found to be a very useful organ though it has very short life. With more and new research the old concept about placenta has changed. Now it is well established that health of growing embryo depends on the health of the placenta. To begin with immunology of neonate also depends on transplacental transport. It is well established that the health of the growing embryo depends on the health of the transplacental transport. Normally, IgG can be transported through placenta however, in Covid-19 infected pregnant woman even IgM, which is much bigger molecule than IgG, can also be transported and are found in the embryo.

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2

Fahlberg, Larry L., John Wolfer, and Lauri A. Fahlberg. "Personal Crisis: Growth or Pathology?" American Journal of Health Promotion 7, no. 1 (September 1992): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-7.1.45.

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Purpose. The aim of this article is to present an emerging theoretical framework for viewing certain types of personal crises as developmentally healthy rather than as psycho-pathological. These types of crises are referred to as “spiritual emergence” and “spiritual emergency.” Search Methods Used. Selected literature from psychology, psychiatry, and philosophy is used to describe the new paradigm, which views the development of human consciousness across the life span as going beyond the well-adjusted and productive adult ego. The intent is to introduce this paradigm and some of its implications for further critical consideration by health promotion professionals. It is not the authors' purpose to critically evaluate the relevant theoretical literature in this article. Summary of Important Findings. The new paradigm represents an expanded theory of human development that explicitly recognizes a spiritual dimension in personal growth and health. Within this paradigm, spiritual emergence and spiritual emergency are viewed as signs of transitional, personal growth rather than as symptoms of psychopathology. Accordingly, signs of growth need to be differentiated from symptoms of pathology. The first step in doing this is to contextualize human experience in a larger developmental framework. Major Conclusions. Health promotion professionals may benefit personally and professionally by being aware of the new developmental paradigm which differentiates spiritual growth from pathological symptoms. Further theoretical clarification and research will be needed before detailed recommendations for practice can be made.

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3

Kuiken, Thijs, and Jeffery K. Taubenberger. "Pathology of human influenza revisited." Vaccine 26 (September 2008): D59—D66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.025.

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4

Goldstein, Sam. "Human behavior, pathology and self-regulation." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 56, suppl 1 (2007): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0047-20852007000500002.

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5

Horino, Kiyotaka, Shunzo Chiba, and Tooru Nakao. "Human Rotavirus Infection: Pathogenesis and Pathology." Pediatrics International 27, no. 2 (June 1985): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1985.tb00633.x.

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6

Ungureanu, Vasilica. "Skin microbiome and its role in human health and pathology." Medic.ro 4, no. 136 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/med.136.4.2020.3665.

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7

Ungureanu, Vasilica. "Skin microbiome and its role in human health and pathology." Medic.ro 4, no. 136 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/med.136.4.2020.3665.

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8

TOLLESON, WILLIAM H. "Human Melanocyte Biology, Toxicology, and Pathology." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 105–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10590500500234970.

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9

Fedele, Monica, Oreste Gualillo, and Andrea Vecchione. "Animal Models of Human Pathology." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/764618.

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10

Piachaud, Jack. "Global health and human security." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 24, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690701775155.

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11

Haney, A. F. "Endocrine and anatomical correlations in human ovarian pathology." Environmental Health Perspectives 73 (August 1987): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.87735.

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12

Al-Osaimi, Ali. "Securing health and human rights: Sandwell's community health network." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 24, sup1 (April 2008): S94—S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690801957455.

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13

Mizuguchi, Masashi. "Molecular pathology of human cerebral malformations." Congenital Anomalies 43, no. 1 (March 2003): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4520.2003.tb01023.x.

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14

Lifshitz, Lifshitz, I. N. Zakharova, and Y. A. Dmitrieva. "Effect of intestinal microbiome in norm and pathology on human health." Medical Council, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-1-155-159.

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15

Ring, David. "Addressing Mental and Social Health in Workers' Compensation." Guides Newsletter 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2022.janfeb01.

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Abstract Humans interpret and react to symptoms. We only seek care for a symptom when it becomes a concern.1 Variation in symptom intensity and magnitude of capability relates more to unhelpful thoughts, feelings of worry and despair regarding symptoms, and feelings of insecurity around role and livelihood (mental and social health opportunities) than pathophysiology.2 Work claims are meant to address pathology that results from injury. Injuries have predictable recovery trajectories. When the recovery trajectory seems off track, consider pre-existing non-trauma pathology and mental and social health opportunities. Appropriate management of new pathology under the work claim and pre-existing pathology and mental and social health opportunities outside the work claim, along with a supportive environment that anticipates these aspects of normal human illness behavior, can help people get and stay healthy in the context of workers' compensation.

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16

Sobel, Mark E. "Ethical Issues in Molecular Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 123, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1076–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-1076-eiimp.

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AbstractRecent advances in molecular pathology and molecular genetics have created new concerns about the use of human biologic materials in research. Since researchers now have the ability to extract and amplify DNA from minuscule archived samples, virtually any human tissue sample can potentially become the template for a test that provides information that may relate to the inherited genes of an individual. Researchers using human biologic materials should follow the 3 basic principles that have been defined for all ethical human subjects research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Institutional Review Boards are responsible for providing review of the risks and benefits of research proposals to safeguard the rights and welfare of human subjects. Currently, there is considerable debate concerning the role of informed consent procedures and the Institutional Review Board oversight process in situations when researchers use human biologic materials that have been anonymized or coded. In 1999, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission is expected to make recommendations to President Clinton and the National Science and Technology Council that are expected to clarify the balance between respect for personal autonomy and the societal need to pursue biomedical research to improve the health and welfare of all individuals.

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17

Maleev, Victor V., Vasily G. Akimkin, Antonina A. Ploskireva, and Svetlana V. Ugleva. "The Role of Infections in Human Pathology." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 78, no. 1 (March 4, 2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn2184.

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Infectious diseases, due to their epidemic potential, are capable of global spread, they are unpredictable, and their effective control is possible only on a planetary scale. In no other field of medicine, such radical and often unpredictable changes occur in a short time in the form of the elimination of individual diseases, the identification of a large number of previously unknown and the return of already forgotten diseases, a significant change in the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of a significant number of them. Under these conditions, these changes often create problems for the health authorities and the public, ahead of their ability to recognize and respond in a timely manner to the emergence of epidemics and the transformation of pathological manifestations. Significant recent scientific progress has only slightly clarified our knowledge of the biological and genetic diversity of pathogens. Until now, the entire spectrum of infectious pathology remains unclear, and its numerous manifestations often take even experienced specialists by surprise. Evidence of our limited knowledge and ability to control the situation is the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic for three years now, the increasingly frequent detection of new infections, the return of infections declared defeated, evidence of the role of infectious factors in the etiology of many other human diseases.

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18

Klein, Roger D., and Sheldon Campbell. "Health Care Fraud and Abuse Laws." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-1169-hcfaal.

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Abstract Context.—Health care fraud and abuse enforcement actions have significantly expanded in number and scope during the past several years. The Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General named review of in-office pathology services a critical priority in its 2005 Work Plan. As providers of pathology and laboratory medicine services, pathologists need to be aware of the potential impact of these laws on their practices. Objectives.—To review the major statutes and regulations underlying most federal investigations and prosecutions of health care fraud, with a special emphasis on their relationships to pathology practice. Design.—The authors reviewed pertinent federal statutes, regulations, and other documents, along with relevant legal literature. Results.—The health care fraud and abuse laws are complicated and potentially impact pathology practice in unforeseen ways. Conclusions.—The health care fraud and abuse laws are complex and often counterintuitive. The penalties for violation of these laws are severe. Because they may impact many areas of pathology and laboratory medicine practice, pathologists are advised to consult experienced legal counsel prior to embarking on potentially suspect health care arrangements.

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19

Haschek, Wanda M., May Berenbaum, David E. Hinton, Michelle Cora, Neil Chernoff, Gregory Travlos, Chih-Wei Liu, Kun Lu, and Mac Law. "Pathology in Ecological Research With Implications for One Health: Session Summary." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 8 (October 23, 2019): 1072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319880530.

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This session explored the effects of pollutants on One Health at the ecosystem level that included microbes, insects, fish, and humans. The concept of One Health seeks to synergize medical, veterinary, and other health science disciplines to more effectively advance human and animal health. Presentations explored the interactions of pesticides, pathogens, phytochemicals, and xenobiotic biotransformation in bee colony losses critical for food security (bees have been recently listed under the 2017 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) veterinary feed directive); the role of pathology in identifying the effects of pollutants on fish as sentinels for human health; the effects in rats of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that can persist in the environment and contaminate drinking water; harmful algal blooms and toxin production leading to animal and human disease; and the processing of environmental carcinogens by intestinal microbiota.

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20

Vernooij-Dassen, Myrra, and Yun-Hee Jeon. "Social health and dementia: the power of human capabilities." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 5 (March 9, 2016): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000260.

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No breakthrough has been made in dementia research to find a cure in the last century (Selkoe, 2012), but a great deal of progress has been made in the description of pathology. The damage caused by this multifaceted “disease” has been described in terms of its physical, neuropsychological, and social manifestations at an individual level but also its societal impact at large, often in financial terms.

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21

Danforth, Marie Elaine, Della Collins Cook, and Stanley G. Knick. "The Human Remains from Carter Ranch Pueblo, Arizona: Health in Isolation." American Antiquity 59, no. 1 (January 1994): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3085504.

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Health patterns in the Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1225) population from Carter Ranch Pueblo were investigated in skeletal remains from 34 individuals. Childhood health disruptions were assessed using stature, linear enamel hypoplasias, and Harris lines. Periostitis, arthritis, anemia, trauma, and dental pathology were also observed. Although the low juvenile representation is probably an effect of age-biased mortuary practices, results suggest a healthy population compared to larger southwestern sites. Trauma levels at the site are quite high, possibly indicating burial practices differentiated on the ability to work or other health criteria. Additionally, a number of genetic anomalies are present, suggesting an isolated population.

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22

Sidel, Victor W. "Working together for health and human rights*." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 16, no. 4 (October 2000): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690008409536.

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23

Stoma, I. O. "Virome in the context of health and pathology of the human respiratory system." Health and Ecology Issues 19, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2022-19-4-01.

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The human body, along with extensive microbial communities called the microbiome, contains various viruses, collectively referred to as the «virome», and the number of such microorganisms is characterized by great complexity and heterogeneity and exceeds the number of bacteria in the microbiome by a factor of 10. Human virome is constantly renewed due to rapid evolution and entry of viruses from the environment, and the viral community of the human body is an indicator of human health. One of the components of virome is bacteriophages, the diversity of which is determined primarily by the species comprising the bacterial component of the microbiome. Along with other anatomical structures of the body, the respiratory tract of healthy humans is represented by a huge community of viruses just as much as by bacterial communities, and analysis of the full viral diversity of the airways is vital for understanding the features of the human virome. To date, next-generation sequencing approaches, the cost of which has decreased significantly recently, are the most convenient methods for virome analysis and the use of the results in clinical practice.

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24

Wahdan, M. H. "Public health aspects of human and animal spongiform encephalopathies." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1996.2.1.73.

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This group of re-emerging human and animal diseases has recently attracted much attention, as well as concern, both in the scientific world and among the general public. In this paper the various public health aspects of these diseases are discussed. The epidemiology, both in human beings and animals, has been reviewed and the causative agents described. Diagnosis, pathology, prevention and control are addressed, showing how the risk to animals and human beings could be minimized

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25

Shcherbina, A. Yu, A. A. Mukhina, and A. G. Rumyantsev. "CONGENITAL IMMUNITY DEFECTS AS A HUMAN PATHOLOGY STUDYING PATTERN." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 102, no. 2 (April 21, 2023): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2023-102-2-8-10.

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For citation: A.Yu. Shcherbina, A.A. Mukhina, A.G. Rumyantsev. Congenital immunity defects as a human pathology studying pattern. Pediatria n.a. G.N. Speransky. 2023; 102 (2): 8-10. DOI: 10.24110/0031-403X-2023-102-2-8-10.

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26

Squier, Waney. "The Human Tissue Bill: the death of pathology?" Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 46, no. 8 (February 13, 2007): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb01017.x.

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27

Klion, Amy D., Steven J. Ackerman, and Bruce S. Bochner. "Contributions of Eosinophils to Human Health and Disease." Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032756.

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The human eosinophil has long been thought to favorably influence innate mucosal immunity but at times has also been incriminated in disease pathophysiology. Research into eosinophil biology has uncovered a number of interesting contributions by eosinophils to health and disease. However, it appears that not all eosinophils from all species are created equal. It remains unclear, for example, exactly how having eosinophils benefits the human host when helminth infections in the developed world have become scarce. This review focuses on our current state of knowledge as it relates to human eosinophils. When information is lacking, we discuss lessons learned from mouse studies that may or may not directly apply to human biology and disease. It is an exciting time to be an “eosinophilosopher” because the use of biologic agents that selectively target eosinophils provides an unprecedented opportunity to define the contribution of this cell to eosinophil-associated human diseases.

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28

Gutlove, Paula, and Gordon Thompson. "Human security: Expanding the scope of public health." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 19, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690308409661.

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29

Middleton, John. "Health and human rights in Sandwell and abroad." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 24, sup1 (April 2008): S2—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690801957273.

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30

Ingram, Alan, Maria Kett, and Simon Rushton. "Health, human rights and global security: exploring connections." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 26, no. 3 (July 2010): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2010.520870.

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31

Heath, Donald. "The human carotid body in health and disease." Journal of Pathology 164, no. 1 (May 1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1711640102.

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32

SUZUKI, Yasunosuke. "Pathology of Human Malignant Mesothelioma. Preliminary Analysis of 1,517 Mesothelioma Cases." INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 39, no. 2 (2001): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.39.183.

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33

Roggli, V. L. "Human disease consequences of fiber exposures: a review of human lung pathology and fiber burden data." Environmental Health Perspectives 88 (August 1990): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9088295.

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34

Meyer, N., N. Kohlschmidt, H. Lochmüller, U. Schara, L. Hannappel, A. Grüneboom, A. Schänzer, A. Hentschel, A. Gangfuss, and A. Roos. "P.83 Molecular pathology of human PPP1R21 deficiency." Neuromuscular Disorders 32 (October 2022): S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.142.

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35

Rambau, Peter F. "Pathology Practice in a Resource-Poor Setting: Mwanza, Tanzania." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/135.2.191.

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Abstract Practicing pathology in a resource-poor setting presents many challenges that are unfamiliar to pathologists in developed countries. Typically, the number of pathologists in a resource-poor country is small, even as a percentage of the total medical workforce. Although pathology should play a central role in the delivery of appropriate health care to the patient, this role is often hidden and not well recognized by patients, clinical colleagues, or other stakeholders, such as administrators and politicians. The public tends to think of the pathologist as the “Doctor of the Dead.” The financial rewards are also small. Consequently, it is difficult to recruit physicians into pathology. The lack of human and material resources allocated to pathology leads inevitably to a large gap in health care for many patients, with an unmeasured negative effect, at both the individual and societal levels. Correct management of the patient, even when available, is not administered because of the lack of pathologic information. Surgery may be performed without the benefit of preoperative or postoperative pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis, let alone identification of important prognostic information. The pathologist plays a key role as an educator in developing countries to medical students, allied health professionals, and medical colleagues and is, therefore, called upon to provide many hours of teaching. The pathologist is uniquely qualified to provide knowledge and understanding regarding the diseases in the region where he or she practices. Although many of these challenges are universal, they are perhaps nowhere more acute than in resource-poor settings.

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Thalluri, Jyothi, and Joy Penman. "Virtual Pathology Learning Resource: A Promising Strategy in Teaching Pathology to Allied Health Science Students." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 15 (2018): 015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4026.

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Aim/Purpose: The objective of this study was to concept test a new instructional aid called Virtual Pathology Learning Resource (VPLR), which was used as a vehicle to communicate information and enhance teaching and learning of basic sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology) to allied health science students at a South Australian university. Background: Pathology was traditionally taught using potted specimens to review disease manifestations independently. However, this approach was found inadequate and ineffective. VPLR is a new teaching platform comprising of digitised human normal and human pathology specimens (histology, histopathology), patient case studies, short answer and critical thinking questions, and self-assessment quizzes. Using authentic learning theory as an educational pedagogy, this learning resource was developed to enhance the teaching and learning of Pathology. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used. A survey, given at the end of the course, gathered qualitative and quantitative data concerning the perceptions and experiences of the students about VPLR and its components. The online tool SurveyMonkey was utilised so that students could respond anonymously to a web link that displayed the questionnaire. The perceived impact on students was assessed using an 18-item questionnaire seeking agreement or disagreement with statements about VPLR, multiple choice and open-ended questions querying the best things about VPLR, benefits to be derived, and areas for improvement. Descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Contribution: The VPLR approach involved rich learning situations, contextualised content, and facilitated greater understanding of disease concepts and problems. Findings: In a sample of 103 Medical Radiation students, 42% of students (N=43) responded to the post-intervention survey. The majority of students reported highly positive effects for each component of the VPLR. The overall results indicated that this tool was a promising strategy in teaching Pathology as it assisted students’ gaining knowledge of the science, facilitated connections between sciences, and allowed students to make better links with professional practice and skills. Recommendations for Practitioners: As students found VPLR to be beneficial, it is recommended that the same approach is applied for the teaching of Pathology to other health science students, such as Nursing. Other universities might consider adopting the innovation for their courses. Recommendation for Researchers: Applying VPLR to teaching other allied health science students will be undertaken next. The innovation will be appropriate for other health science students with particular emphasis on case-based or problem-based learning and combined with clinical experiences. Impact on Society: In reshaping the way of teaching a science course, students are benefited with greater depth of understanding of content and increase motivation to study. These are important to keep students engaged and ready for practice. VPLR may impact on education and technology trends so that exploration and possibilities of initiatives are ongoing to help students become successful learners. Other impacts are the new forms of learning discovered, the renewed focus on group work and collaboration, and maximising the use of technology in innovation. Future Research: Future directions of this research would be to conduct a follow-up of this cohort of students to determine whether the impacts of the innovation were durable, meaning the change in perceptions and behaviour is sustained over time.

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37

Rowbotham, Elizabeth J. "The climate change convention and human health." Medicine and War 11, no. 4 (October 1995): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488009508409241.

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38

Vogels, Thomas, Gréta Vargová, Veronika Brezováková, Wim Hendricus Quint, and Tomáš Hromádka. "Viral Delivery of Non-Mutated Human Truncated Tau to Neurons Recapitulates Key Features of Human Tauopathy in Wild-Type Mice." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200047.

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Background: Neuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau aggregates is one of the major defining factors and key drivers of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Objective: We developed an AAV-induced model of tauopathy mediated by human truncated tau protein without familial frontotemporal dementia-related mutations to study tau propagation and the functional consequences of tau pathology. Methods: We performed targeted transductions of the hippocampus or entorhinal cortex in adult mice followed by histological analysis to study the progression of hippocampal tau pathology and tau spreading. We performed behavioral analysis of mice with AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology. Results: AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology was characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation (AT8 positivity), sarkosyl insolubility, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. AAV-induced tau pathology was associated with microgliosis and hypertrophic astrocytes in the absence of cognitive deficits. Additionally, the co-expression of mCherry fluorescent protein and human truncated tau enabled us to detect both local spreading of human tau and spreading from the entorhinal cortex to the synaptically connected dentate gyrus. Conclusion: Targeted delivery of AAV with truncated tau protein into subcortical and cortical structures of mammalian brains represents an efficient approach for creating temporally and spatially well-defined tau pathology suitable for in vivo studies of tau propagation and neuronal circuit deficits in Alzheimer’s disease.

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39

Parikh, Sujal M. "Cluster munitions: a threat to health and human rights." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 26, no. 2 (April 2010): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2010.491378.

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40

Cook, Sam. "Climate change-induced conflict: a threat to human health." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 27, no. 1 (January 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2011.562394.

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41

Panagopoulou, Maria, Makrina Karaglani, Konstantina Tzitzikou, Nikoleta Kessari, Konstantinos Arvanitidis, Kyriakos Amarantidis, George I. Drosos, et al. "Mitochondrial Fraction of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as an Indicator of Human Pathology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8 (April 10, 2024): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084199.

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Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) of mitochondrial origin (ccf-mtDNA) consists of a minor fraction of total ccfDNA in blood or in other biological fluids. Aberrant levels of ccf-mtDNA have been observed in many pathologies. Here, we introduce a simple and effective standardized Taqman probe-based dual-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection and relative quantification of nuclear and mitochondrial fragments of ccfDNA. Three pathologies of major burden, one malignancy (Breast Cancer, BrCa), one inflammatory (Osteoarthritis, OA) and one metabolic (Type 2 Diabetes, T2D), were studied. Higher levels of ccf-mtDNA were detected both in BrCa and T2D in relation to health, but not in OA. In BrCa, hormonal receptor status was associated with ccf-mtDNA levels. Machine learning analysis of ccf-mtDNA datasets was used to build biosignatures of clinical relevance. (A) a three-feature biosignature discriminating between health and BrCa (AUC: 0.887) and a five-feature biosignature for predicting the overall survival of BrCa patients (Concordance Index: 0.756). (B) a five-feature biosignature stratifying among T2D, prediabetes and health (AUC: 0.772); a five-feature biosignature discriminating between T2D and health (AUC: 0.797); and a four-feature biosignature identifying prediabetes from health (AUC: 0.795). (C) a biosignature including total plasma ccfDNA with very high performance in discriminating OA from health (AUC: 0.934). Aberrant ccf-mtDNA levels could have diagnostic/prognostic potential in BrCa and Diabetes, while the developed multiparameter biosignatures can add value to their clinical management.

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42

Mullen, Paul E. "Jealousy: The Pathology of Passion." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 5 (May 1991): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.593.

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Emotions may be rooted in biology but the process of cultural construction gives those emotions form and a language for their expression. The changing construction of jealousy in Western societies has transformed a socially sanctioned response to infidelity into a form of personal pathology which is the mere outward expression of immaturity, possessiveness and insecurity. This is a history of the stripping away of social, ethical and finally interpersonal meanings from an experience, to leave it as a piece of individual psychopathology. Fidelity and jealousy are constructed as they are because of the nature of the social and economic realities which drive our culture. The erosion of the area of human experience which could be identified with normal jealousy leaves the boundary between the pathological jealousy of psychiatry and normal experience increasingly problematic.

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Caicedo, Yolanda, Andres Paez, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Lillian A. Orciari, Pamela A. Yager, Sergio Recuenco, Richard Franka, Andres Velasco-Villa, and Rodney E. Willoughby. "Virology, Immunology and Pathology of Human Rabies During Treatment." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 34, no. 5 (May 2015): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000000624.

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Schiffman, Mark, and Philip E. Castle. "Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-930-hpeaph.

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Abstract Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.

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Johns, Fleur, Mary Crock, and Damien Freeman. "Migration, mental health, and human rights." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 27, no. 6 (November 2004): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.09.002.

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Filina, Irina, Svetlana Nikishina, Irina Snimshchikova, Anastasiia Kulakova, Anastasiia Ovchinnikova, and Ilya Leonidov. "Impact of working conditions on the health of pharmacy workers." BIO Web of Conferences 30 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003002.

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The analysis revealed factors that have an adverse effect on human health: artificial lighting (I =0.72); standing activity (I=0.63); monotonous movements (I =0.56); prolonged work at the computer (I =0.55). It was found that many pharmacy workers have chronic diseases: vascular pathology (29.4%), musculoskeletal pathology (28.4%), gastrointestinal tract pathology (27.5%); visual impairment (27.5%). It was found that 20.6% of pharmacy employees do not have breaks for rest and meal; 13.7% do not have the opportunity to take warm food at work; 35.3% have the biggest meal of the day in the evening. In the workplace, a set of factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmaceutical professionals has been identified; many workers have work-related chronic diseases; most pharmacists experience discomfort after work; some employers violate labour legislation by not providing specialists with breaks for rest and meal.

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Price, C. J. S. "Human cellular inflammation in the pathology of acute cerebral ischaemia." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.11.1476.

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Moreno, Margarita, and Leticia Visbal. "The Application of Anthropology in Clinical Practice: A Public Health Program for Peri-Menopausal and Menopausal Women." Practicing Anthropology 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.21.3.y146x4q258065gp6.

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Anthropology is the science concerning human populations and the holistic analysis of biological, behavioral, cultural and social processes. Excluding human pathology accepted universally as within the field of medicine, it has been suggested that everyone who studies aspects of the human body is actually doing physical anthropology even if they do not realize it.

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Svetlichnaya, Tatiana G., and Elena A. Smirnova. "Problems of norm and pathology in the sociology of health." Bioethics journal 16, no. 2 (December 14, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2070-1586-2023-16-2-20-25.

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Currently, the norm is usually understood as a certain average, the most common indicator in society. The concept of norm changed and as a result, different standards of health (ancient, adaptive, anthropocentric) were distinguished in different time periods. In the modern postmodern world, there is an intensive reassessment of norms, individual and social consciousness is changing, the concepts of good and evil, norms and pathology are blurring, where the old norm, which contradicts the new views on success, can be canceled and introduced into the status of pathology. The changes also affected medical practice. So, the reforms of F. Pinel (1793) imbues insanity with a certain medical meaning, the condition or behavior begins to be defined as a medical problem requiring medical intervention. Psychiatry gains professional power over the patient, and the psychiatrist gains control over the soul and body of the patient. A psychiatrist, remaining the ultimate truth, determines a person's place in the structure of society through diagnosis and stigmatization mechanisms. In addition, new risks are being created in the company. Biomedical technologies regulating the processes of birth, prolongation of human life and death are being developed.

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Mikheev, A. O. "Borna disease virus and its role in the pathology of animals and humans." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021701.

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Infectious diseases that are caused by numerous pathogenic microorganisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi – can be transmitted from patients or carriers to healthy people or animals. A large group of infectious disease is caused by pathogens of animal infections – zoonoses. The issue of zoonoses is of great significance in human pathology and requires comprehensive study. This is of particular relevance to Ukraine, as the question of prevalence, level within the population and threats to human life and health from zoonoses, though highly important, has remained insufficiently studied. Information about many of these pathogens is absent in the existing scientific literature accessible in Ukraine – both veterinary and medical. This applies, in particular, to a causative agent of viral zoonoses the Borna disease virus or Bornavirus. For this purpose, an analysis of the literature concerning the role of the Bornavirus in the pathology of animals and humans was conducted. It is well known that a large number of pathogens of animal infections (zoonoses), including viral, pose a potential threat to human health. Among these potential threats is the Borna disease virus belonging to the family of Bornaviridae, order Mononegavirales. This order includes representatives of deadly human diseases like rabies (family Rhabdoviridae), Ebola virus (family Filoviridae) and Nipah virus (family Paramyxoviridae). Borna virus disease affects mainly mammals, but can infect birds and even reptiles (Aspid bornavirus). It is established that Bornaviruses have a wide range of natural hosts (horses, sheeps, cats, bats and various birds), including domestic animals, which poses a potential threat to human health. This is evidenced by numerous, although contradictory, research into the role of the Borna disease virus in human pathologies such as schizophrenia, depression, prolonged fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and others. Analysis of the literature clearly shows the important role of the Borna disease virus in a variety of mental and behavioural changes in animals, both wild and domestic. However, the large amount of contradictory data and studies cannot yet provide a clear picture of the role of this virus in human pathology. On the one hand, there are clear data of the presence of RNA of the Bourna disease virus and antibodies to it in patients with psychoneurotic changes. On the other, there is no clear understanding of the infectivity of the virus in humans and its transmission from animals to humans and from person to person. These questions require further research and comprehensive study, particularly on the territory of Ukraine.

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