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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human information processing Information theory in psychology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Human information processing Information theory in psychology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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Farrer, James, and Jeff Gavin. "Online Dating in Japan: A Test of Social Information Processing Theory." CyberPsychology & Behavior 12, no. 4 (August 2009): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0069.

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Kantowitz, Barry H. "Channels and stages in human information processing: A limited analysis of theory and methodology." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 29, no. 2 (June 1985): 135–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(85)90014-8.

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Buzzetta, Mary, Seth C. W. Hayden, and Katherine Ledwith. "Creating hope: Assisting Veterans with Job Search Strategies using Cognitive Information Processing Theory." Journal of Employment Counseling 54, no. 2 (June 2017): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joec.12054.

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Kusev, Petko, and Paul van Schaik. "The cognitive economy: The probabilistic turn in psychology and human cognition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 3 (May 14, 2013): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12003019.

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AbstractAccording to the foundations of economic theory, agents have stable and coherent “global” preferences that guide their choices among alternatives. However, people are constrained by information-processing and memory limitations and hence have a propensity to avoid cognitive load. We propose that this in turn will encourage them to respond to “local” preferences and goals influenced by context and memory representations.

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Hendy, Keith C., Jianqiao Liao, and Paul Milgram. "Combining Time and Intensity Effects in Assessing Operator Information-Processing Load." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 1 (March 1997): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778940597.

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A quantitative description of the human information processor is required for predicting operator workload and performance from the simulated task time line data generated by task network models and related methods. Although many models of workload exist, few appear to be well founded in theory or to provide a satisfactory basis for a quantitative representation of operator load. Adherents of both time-and intensity-based models of operator load individually claim success for their methods. which might suggest that both factors are operating in determining operator workload and performance. This paper describes a study that explicitly investigates the relationship between a time-based factor and an intensity-based factor (amount of information to be processed) within a simulated air traffic control environment. A model is developed that posits that the load on the human information-processing system results directly from the ratio of the time necessary to process the required information to the time allowable for making a decision. This ratio, which can be identified with time pressure, determines subjective estimates of workload as well as operator performance. The model is tested against the data from the air traffic control simulation.

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Osborn, Debra S., Ryan D. Sides, and Caitlyn A. Brown. "Comparing Career Development Outcomes Among Undergraduate Students in Cognitive Information Processing Theory–Based Versus Human Relations Courses." Career Development Quarterly 68, no. 1 (March 2020): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12211.

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Williams, Christopher W., Paul R. Lees-Haley, and Richard S. Brown. "Human Response to Traumatic Events: An Integration of Counterfactual Thinking, Hindsight Bias, and Attribution Theory." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (April 1993): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.483.

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In documenting cognitive processes underlying persons' reactions to negative events, counterfactual thinking, hindsight bias, and attribution theory focus on distinct, although not unrelated, aspects of human information processing. Counterfactual thinking highlights the cognitive processing undertaken when persons imagine different courses of action that lead to alternative outcomes. Hindsight bias describes the inflated retrospective estimates individuals make regarding event probabilities that come with the advantage of knowledge about outcomes. And attribution theory concerns the affective and behavioral consequences that result from the perceived causes of events. This essay argues that a more comprehensive understanding of the processes underlying human response to traumatic events results from the integration of counterfactual thinking, hindsight bias, and attribution theory into a single model.

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Lin, Jia, and Guomei Zhou. "Chinese Aesthetic Mask: Three Forehead and Five Eyes—Holistic Processing and Facial Attractiveness." Perception 50, no. 6 (May 18, 2021): 540–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211015542.

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Human face processing has been attributed to holistic processing. Here, we ask whether humans are sensitive to configural information when perceiving facial attractiveness. By referring to a traditional Chinese aesthetic theory—Three Forehead and Five Eyes—we generated a series of faces that differed in spacing between facial features. We adopted a two-alternative forced-choice task in Experiment 1 and a rating task in Experiment 2 to assess attractiveness. Both tasks showed a consistent result: The faces which fit the Chinese aesthetic theory were chosen or rated as most attractive. This effect of configural information on facial attractiveness was larger for faces with highly attractive features than for faces with low attractive features. These findings provide experimental evidence for the traditional Chinese aesthetic theory. This issue can be further explored from the perspective of culture in the future.

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Noushad, Babu, and Faraz Khurshid. "Facilitating student learning: An instructional design perspective for health professions educators." Research and Development in Medical Education 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/rdme.2019.014.

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Learning in any context involves acquisition, storage and utilization of information by the human memory system. Teaching and learning in health professions is a complex process since it demands learners interact with a number of novel information and concepts and critically analyze them to make important clinical decisions. Therefore, it is imperative for Instructional designers and instructors in health professions education to optimize learning content by considering the characteristics of memory and learning processes of students. This review explores stages of the human memory system, the process of learning, the various types of cognitive loads a learner experiences while learning, and the implications of these factors on instructional designs on the basis of a fairly new theory in educational psychology – the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). By analyzing the unique features of the processing, storage and retrieval of information by human memory system, this article advocates for health professional educators to plan and design instructional strategies that facilitate student learning.

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Rommel, Ward. "Sexual Selection and Human Behaviour." Social Science Information 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 439–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018402041003005.

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This article reviews some recent evolutionary psychological theories about the interaction between environmental factors and sexual strategies. Evolutionary psychology explains sexual strategies in terms of innate information-processing mechanisms. The most important theoretical instrument relating to this topic is the theory of sexual selection and parental investment. Because of the unequal parental investment of the sexes, their sexual strategies differ. This is an important source of conflict between the sexes. Humans evolved in a complex social environment. As a consequence, human psychic mechanisms produce a wide variety of sexual strategies. Two dimensions along which human sexual strategies vary are considered here. First, people's mating strategies range from striving for a lifelong pair bond to aiming at a single act of copulation with someone. Second, strategies situated at the long-term end of the continuum can be polygynous, monogamous or polyandrous. The choices made by a concrete individual are influenced by several factors such as the personal life history, the general availability and predictability of resources, the distribution of political and economic power between men and women, the distribution of political and economic power between men themselves, the production mode of a society and finally the content of cultural representations in a society. It is shown that evolutionary psychology can be important for the explanation of contemporary behavioural differences. Some methodological problems of evolutionary psychology are reviewed and an evolutionary psychological perspective on the sex/gender distinction is considered.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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Morrison, Jeffrey Glenn. "The effects of hue and contrast on binary classification." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28758.

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Morrison, Jeffrey Glenn. "The effects of diplay and response codes on information processing in an identification task." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30531.

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Laurey, Paul. "The integration of perceptual and response information in the formation of an event file representation of the organism-environment /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102174.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Bartholow, Bruce D. "Cognitive processing and affective consequences of target-based expectancy violations : a psychophysiological analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974610.

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Lindsay, Jeffrey Thomas. "The effect of a simultaneous speech discrimination task on navigation in a virtual." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-103948/.

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Jodlowski, Mark T. "EXTENDING LONG TERM WORKING MEMORY THEORY TO DYNAMIC DOMAINS: THE NATURE OF RETRIEVAL STRUCTURES IN SITUATION AWARENESS." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04032008-170735/.

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Research suggests situation awareness supports operator performance (e.g., Durso, Truitt, Hackworth, Crutchfield, & Manning, 1998), however no consensus definition exists (Rousseau, Tremblay, & Breton, 2004). One framework that incorporates most definitions is Endsleys (1995a) hierarchical view. It includes perception of elements in the environment, comprehension, and projection of future status. Although the literature has slowly begun to accept a hierarchical view of situation awareness, evidence supporting this claim is limited and indirect. Several researchers have suggested that long-term working memory (LTWM), a theory of a memory process that explains how individuals can rapidly encode information in long-term memory and retrieve information from long-term memory, supports the development of situation awareness. However, a critical review of past research reveals that it cannot be concluded that long-term working memory was being employed, and therefore the role that LTWM plays in situation awareness is still uncertain. To address these issues, ten instrument-rated pilots provided verbal reports while watching various flight scenarios unfold. Periodically, the simulation froze and the screen went blank. While the screen was blank, pilots answered questions about the current flight situation either immediately or after completing a 30 second working-memory-intensive task that precluded working memory involvement in performance. Responses to the questions were used to assess pilot situation awareness. Results indicate that situation awareness is hierarchical in nature and that the familiar mechanisms of LTWM are evident in pilot verbal protocols and measures of situation awareness. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that characteristics associated with pilot training methodologies in conjunction with familiar mechanisms of LTWM predict measures of situation awareness. It was also revealed that pilots focus on position and control information more so than specific instrument values. Data are consistent with pilot utilization of a retrieval structure where the pilots mental representation of the situation is driven by strategy. They are also consistent with a comprehension-based model of dynamic environments (Durso, Rawson, & Girotto, 2007). Finally, these data suggest that an event-based training technique may facilitate developing and maintaining situation awareness.

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Graf, Erik. "Human information processing based information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5188/.

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This work focused on the investigation of the question how the concept of relevance in Information Retrieval can be validated. The work is motivated by the consistent difﬁculties of deﬁning the meaning of the concept, and by advances in the ﬁeld of cognitive science. Analytical and empirical investigations are carried out with the aim of devising a principled approach to the validation of the concept. The foundation for this work was set by interpreting relevance as a phenomenon occurring within the context of two systems: An IR system and the cognitive processing system of the user. In light of the cognitive interpretation of relevance, an analysis of the learnt lessons in cognitive science with regard to the validation of cognitive phenomena was conducted. It identiﬁed that construct validity constitutes the dominant approach to the validation of constructs in cognitive science. Construct validity constitutes a proposal for the conduction of validation in scenarios, where no direct observation of a phenomenon is possible. With regard to the limitations on direct observation of a construct (i.e. a postulated theoretic concept), it bases validation on the evaluation of its relations to other constructs. Based on the interpretation of relevance as a product of cognitive processing it was concluded, that the limitations with regard to direct observation apply to its investigation. The evaluation of its applicability to an IR context, focused on the exploration of the nomological network methodology. A nomological network constitutes an analytically constructed set of constructs and their relations. The construction of such a network forms the basis for establishing construct validity through investigation of the relations between constructs. An analysis focused on contemporary insights to the nomological network methodology identiﬁed two important aspects with regard to its application in IR. The ﬁrst aspect is given by a choice of context and the identiﬁcation of a pool of candidate constructs for the inclusion in the network. The second consists of identifying criteria for the selection of a set of constructs from the candidate pool. The identiﬁcation of the pertinent constructs for the network was based on a review of the principles of cognitive exploration, and an analysis of the state of the art in text based discourse processing and reasoning. On that basis, a listing of known sub-processes contributing to the pertinent cognitive processing was presented. Based on the identiﬁcation of a large number of potential candidates, the next step consisted of the inference of criteria for the selection of an initial set of constructs for the network. The investigation of these criteria focused on the consideration of pragmatic and meta-theoretical aspects. Based on a survey of experimental means in cognitive science and IR, ﬁve pragmatic criteria for the selection of constructs were presented. Consideration of meta-theoretically motivated criteria required to investigate what the speciﬁc challenges with regard to the validation of highly abstract constructs are. This question was explored based on the underlying considerations of the Information Processing paradigm and Newell’s (1994) cognitive bands. This led to the identiﬁcation of a set of three meta-theoretical criteria for the selection of constructs. Based on the criteria and the demarcated candidate pool, an IR focused nomological network was deﬁned. The network consists of the constructs of relevance and type and grade of word relatedness. A necessary prerequisite for making inferences based on a nomological network consists of the availability of validated measurement instruments for the constructs. To that cause, two validation studies targeting the measurement of the type and grade of relations between words were conducted. The clariﬁcation of the question of the validity of the measurement instruments enabled the application of the nomological network. A ﬁrst step of the application consisted of testing if the constructs in the network are related to each other. Based on the alignment of measurements of relevance and the word related constructs it was concluded to be true. The relation between the constructs was characterized by varying the word related constructs over a large parameter space and observing the effect of this variation on relevance. Three hypotheses relating to different aspects of the relations between the word related constructs and relevance. It was concluded, that the conclusive conﬁrmation of the hypotheses requires an extension of the experimental means underlying the study. Based on converging observations from the empirical investigation of the three hypotheses it was concluded, that semantic and associative relations distinctly differ with regard to their impact on relevance estimation.

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Bell, Ian. "Human information processing during sleep: The late auditory evoked potentials." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21106.

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Butcher, Ronald K. "COMPOSITE DATA FROM CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENTATION REGARDING HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1182285671.

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McNeill, Allan. "Semantic structure of personal information." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/840/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2002.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Books on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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Helm, Peter A. van der, author, ed. Structural information theory: The simplicity of visual form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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W, Proctor Robert, ed. Attention: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2004.

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Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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M, Petrov V., ed. Information and creation. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1995.

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Michael, Stob, and Weinstein Scott, eds. Systems that learn: An introduction to learning theory for cognitive and computer scientists. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1986.

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John, Flach, ed. Control theory for humans: Quantitative approaches to modeling performance. Mahwah, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 2003.

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Powers, William T. The control of perception. New Brunswick, N.J: Aldine Transaction, 2007.

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Behavior: The control of perception. 2nd ed. New Canaan, Conn: Benchmark Publications, 2005.

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Powers, William T. Living control systems: Selected papers of William T. Powers. Gravel Switch, Ky: Control Systems Group, 1989.

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Leahey, Thomas Hardy. Learning and cognition. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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Tang, Long, Madhu Chetty, and Suryani Lim. "Multi Agent Carbon Trading Incorporating Human Traits and Game Theory." In Neural Information Processing, 36–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24965-5_5.

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Hastie, Reid. "Information Processing Theory for the Survey Researcher." In Recent Research in Psychology, 42–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4798-2_3.

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Posner, Michael I., and Mary Klevjord Rothbart. "The Concept of Energy in Psychological Theory." In Energetics and Human Information Processing, 23–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4448-0_2.

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Hockey, G. Robert J. "A State Control Theory of Adaptation and Individual Differences in Stress Management." In Energetics and Human Information Processing, 285–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4448-0_19.

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Rugg, Michael D. "Constraints on Cognitive Performance: Some Problems with and Alternatives to Resource Theory." In Energetics and Human Information Processing, 391–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4448-0_27.

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Wyer, Robert S. "Theory and Method in Consumer Information Processing." In Handbook of Research Methods in Consumer Psychology, 107–31. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351137713-6.

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Cariani, Peter, and Christophe Micheyl. "Toward a Theory of Information Processing in Auditory Cortex." In The Human Auditory Cortex, 351–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2314-0_13.

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Tang, Dalai, and Naoyuki Kubot. "Human Localization by Fuzzy Spiking Neural Network Based on Informationally Structured Space." In Neural Information Processing. Theory and Algorithms, 25–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17537-4_4.

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Ishii, Akira. "Opinion Dynamics Theory Considering Trust and Suspicion in Human Relations." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 193–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21711-2_15.

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Woolcott, Geoff. "Connections Between Studies of Human Learning and Memory Processes in Modern Cognitive Psychology and Integrative Biology." In Reconceptualising Information Processing for Education, 27–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7051-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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"APPLICATION OF EVIDENCE ACCUMULATION BASED ON ESTIMATION THEORY AND HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIRBAG SUPPRESSION." In Special Session on Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Information Processing. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003650004700476.

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Zhou, Feng, and Jianxin (Roger) Jiao. "An Augmented Affective-Cognition Framework for Usability Studies of In-Vehicle System User Interface." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13694.

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Vehicles with better usability have become increasingly popular due to their ease of operations and safety for driving. However, the way how usability of in-vehicle system user interface is studied still needs improvement. This paper concerns how to use advanced computational, neurophysiology- and psychology-based tools and methodologies to determine affective (emotional) states and behavioral data of an individual in real time and in turn how to adapt the human-vehicle interaction to meet the user’s cognitive needs based on this real-time assessment. Specifically, we set up a set of neuro-physiological equipment that is capable of collecting EEG, facial EMG (electromyography), skin conductance response, and respiration data and a set of motion sensing and tracking equipment that is capable of eye ball movement and objects that the user interacts. All hardware components and software is integrated into a cohesive augmented sensor platform that can perform as “one coherent system” to enable multi-modal data processing and information inference for context-aware analysis of affective and cognitive states based on the rough set inference engine. Meanwhile subjective data is also recorded for comparison. A usability study of in-vehicle system UI is shown to demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology.

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Malanchuk, Irina. "COGNITIVE METAPROCESSES IN THE PROCESSING OF SPEECH INFORMATION IN EARLY HUMAN ONTOGENESIS." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2219.sudak.ns2021-17/246-247.

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Zhang, Meizhen, and Yuehong Peng. "Adaptive Networked Teaching Human-Computer Integration Based on Multi-Perspective Psychology Knowledge Points." In CIPAE 2021: 2021 2nd International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3456887.3457488.

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Qin, Shiyu, Lan Wang, Hua Cheng, Qi Feng, Minwen Zhang, and Chenqiang Gao. "Infrared image saliency detection based on human vision and information theory." In 2016 9th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei.2016.7852759.

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Hallihan, Gregory M., and L. H. Shu. "Creativity and Long-Term Potentiation: Implications for Design." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48595.

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An emerging research trend has seen concepts from cognitive psychology applied to enhance the creative design process through a more detailed understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms. However, the physiological processes by which the human element achieves creative solutions have only recently received significant attention. Understanding the mechanisms that allow the brain to change in response to experience may have implications for creative thought processes. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one such mechanism, and has already been implicated in learning and memory development. This paper presents a theoretical-physiological explanation of creativity, implicating LTP as a modulator of neural networks. The proposed model is applied to explain existing creativity phenomena, including fixation, incubation, and obstacles in design-by-analogy. The model is then used to describe existing, and propose new methods for overcoming obstacles to creativity in design. The results of a study, which tested one application of the theory — the effect of physical activity on fixation, are also discussed.

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Moore, Dylan, Jonathan Sauder, and Yan Jin. "A Dual-Process Analysis of Design Idea Generation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34657.

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A traditional engineering education primarily teaches students to use analytical methods when solving problems, which are effective in most real-world situations. However, heavily analytical approaches often hinder creative output and therefore more intuitive methods have the potential to increase novelty in design. Dual-process theory is an established model in psychology and human decision making that separates fast, intuitive Type 1 processes from slow, analytical Type 2 processes, but to this point has not been applied to engineering design methodology. A exploratory dual-process pilot study of a design experiment using retrospective protocol analysis exposed the difference in novelty of ideas produced by intuitive and analytical thinking. The preliminary results suggest that Type 1 intuitive thinking is correlated with a higher average idea novelty up to a threshold. An equal balance of Type 1 and Type 2 thinking maximized novelty potential. Understanding this relationship and the importance of intuitive thinking in the design process is important to improving the effectiveness of conceptual design thinking and has implications in design education and modeling cognitive design processes.

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Bonsignorio, Fabio P. "On Some Information Metrics of Intelligent Material Systems." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59378.

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In this paper it is proposed a theoretical model of an ‘intelligent material’ system. An ‘intelligent material’ body is seen as a flexible body capable to manage energy, deformations and information. In any finite element dynamical, material and information processing properties are coexisting and interacting. On the basis of some Shannon and Kolgomorov theory and network statistical physics relations, it is shown how such a material is actually able to store and process information in itself physical structure. Some relations linking the dynamical characteristics to the information metrics are shown. A finite element model for intelligent materials is outlined. The aim of this approach is, on one side, to explain why the payload ratio of, for example, an human arm is much higher than that of a (current) robotic arm, on the other end, to suggest that deeper relations between material dynamics computational models, information and control theory could help design new artifacts with new improved performance, closer to what we can see in natural biological examples.

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Hallihan, Gregory M., Hyunmin Cheong, and L. H. Shu. "Confirmation and Cognitive Bias in Design Cognition." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71258.

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The desire to better understand design cognition has led to the application of literature from psychology to design research, e.g., in learning, analogical reasoning, and problem solving. Psychological research on cognitive heuristics and biases offers another relevant body of knowledge for application. Cognitive biases are inherent biases in human information processing, which can lead to suboptimal reasoning. Cognitive heuristics are unconscious rules utilized to enhance the efficiency of information processing and are possible antecedents of cognitive biases. This paper presents two studies that examined the role of confirmation bias, which is a tendency to seek and interpret evidence in order to confirm existing beliefs. The results of the first study, a protocol analysis involving novice designers engaged in a biomimetic design task, indicate that confirmation bias is present during concept generation and offer additional insights into the influence of confirmation bias in design. The results of the second study, a controlled experiment requiring participants to complete a concept evaluation task, suggest that decision matrices are effective tools to reduce confirmation bias during concept evaluation.

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Cha, Jianzhong, and Wei Guo. "The Methodology and Environment for Modeling and Implementation in Concurrent Engineering." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0292.

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Abstract The Concurrent Design, characterized with the integration of a large scale information and knowledge environment in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS), will involve multidiscipline and multidomain of knowledge. This will lead to the difficulty to implement the concurrent design with the nature of complexity, integrality and systematicity in design process, which caused by the above mentioned knowledge integration. This paper, based on the fundamental theory of design processes and adopted the knowledge processing theory and techniques offered by Intelligence Engineering, has investigated: the descriptive models which represent the general framework of concurrent design processes; the cognitive models that highlights the reasoning aspect performed by group of human experts from multidisciplines in concurrent design process; the prescriptive model which is prepared for being used in an computerized automated concurrent design system; the computable model represented with the object-oriented method, which can be executed in the computer world for automated concurrent design. Also this paper developed an engineering environment of analyzing, modeling and implementing with an architecture of Integrated Intelligent Unit, borrowed from the theory of Intelligence Engineering. In a separate paper, the authors apply the above methodology to a concrete concurrent design on a mechanical system to show the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.

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Reports on the topic "Human information processing Information theory in psychology"

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Yang, Xinwei, Huan Tu, and Xiali Xue. The improvement of the Lower Limb exoskeletons on the gait of patients with spinal cord injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0095.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of lower extremity exoskeletons in improving gait function in patients with spinal cord injury, compared with placebo or other treatments. Condition being studied: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease. In the process of SCI rehabilitation treatment, improving patients' walking ability, improving their self-care ability, and enhancing patients' self-esteem is an important aspect of their return to society, which can also reduce the cost of patients, so the rehabilitation of lower limbs is very important. The lower extremity exoskeleton robot is a bionic robot designed according to the principles of robotics, mechanism, bionics, control theory, communication technology, and information processing technology, which can be worn on the lower extremity of the human body and complete specific tasks under the user's control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lower extremity exoskeleton on the improvement of gait function in patients with spinal cord injury.

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