Academic literature on the topic 'Human metamorphosis'

The idea that the borders between different natural species can be easily bridged by metamorphoses was central to the ancient worldview. Humans were believed to be able to undress their human appearance and to transform into any beast whichever, or, conversely, animals were believed to appear as human beings. This belief permeated daily life and ritual practice. The notion of metamorphosis was also central to ancient metaphysics: it affected ideas regarding creation and maintenance of the cosmos, as well as birth and death of living beings. This article demonstrates that developmental psychology can explain both the universal existence of this belief in premodern societies and its disappearance in modern societies. People staying on the preoperational stage cannot avoid believing in metamorphosis because it is an inevitable part of the cognitive patterns of this stage. People staying on the concrete and formal operational stages are in fact no more able to share these ideas because the notion of the invariance of natural kinds is an inevitable part of higher psychological stages. The article points to the fundamental importance of developmental psychology for ethnological research, especially for the study of ancient worldview.

This paper intends to strengthen the relationship between humans and non-humans. So, it searches human nature in the non-human. Human beings dissect animals or non-humans in the science lab whereas in the novella 'Metamorphosis', Franz Kafka dissects human nature in the insect after Gregor’s metamorphosis.

This article touches the notion of alienation from Rousseau’s, Hegel’s and young Marx’s perspective, Althusser’s critique being its offset, which, according to, this concept stems from an abstract, metaphysical view of history and human agents’ activities. According to Althusser, alienation is indeed the humanistic expression of a back-to-origins philosophy and of lost human essence retrieval. Hence, the philosophy of contractual alienation (as a foundation of political community as per Rousseau), the interrogation of historical positivity from young Hegel’s writings and, last but not least, the alienated work critique elaborated by young Marx in Manuscripts of 1844 can be interpreted as variations around the same essential concepts of human history. In the attempt of overcoming such an undifferentiated approach, the study tries to highlight the original and particular reflection that each of these authors develop on the subject and highlights, at the same time, what they have in common, despite their differences on this theme. When we talk about alienation we always relate to a mutilated loss in the relationship with the self, with others and with the social world. Moreover, we also talk about the possibility of overcoming some of the conditions that are considered degrading for humans. In other words, this study aims to prove that not only it is not possible to reduce the alienation to an abstract and naïve humanistic notion, but that it also represents an essential landmark for understanding the impossibility of some social groups of classes to develop on the merits of long-lasting deprivation of the benefits the relationship with the self, the others and the social world can bring.

Abstract A new critical perspective is proposed regarding the ways in which human life is based on anthropocentrism and speciesism. Criticism of human violence and dominion over other living beings is presented, starting from personal experience and moving into an analysis of the ideological subtratum of human culture, taking into consideration philosophy, science, and religion. An assessment of the antispeciesist position of primitive Christianity is briefly discussed.

Abstract Within the larger context of metamorphoses into plants in Greek and Roman mythology, the paper aims to analyse the myth of Myrrha and her metamorphosis into a tree, focusing on the triggering cause of the transformation as well as the response given to her newly-acquired form of life. Myrrha’s transformation into a myrrh tree takes place as a consequence of her transgressive incestuous act of love with her father, Cinyras. Her metamorphosis occurs as a consequence of sinful passion – passion in extremis –, and she sacrifices her body (and human life/existence) in her escape. I will look at Ovid’s version of the myth as well as Ted Hughes’s adaptation of the story from his Tales from Ovid. My discussion of the transformation into tree starts out from the consideration that metamorphosis is the par excellence place and space of in-betweenness implying an inherent hybridity and blurred, converging subjectivities, a state of being that allows for passages, overlaps, crossings, and simultaneities. I am interested to see in what ways Myrrha’s incestuous desire for her father as well as her metamorphosis into a tree can be “rooted” back to her great-grandfather Pygmalion’s transgressive love for the ivory statue Galatea.

In this paper, we first give a short discussion of the macroevolution viewing life as information-directed, complex, dynamic systems. On this basis, we give our explanation of the origin of life and discuss the top-down evolution of molecules, proteins, and macroevolution. We discuss these subjects according to our new holistic biological paradigm. In view of this, we discuss the macroevolution of the organism, the species, the biosphere, and human society. After this, we discuss the shift in evolution from natural selection to a new proposed process of nature called the “metamorphous top-down” evolution. We discuss the capability of the evolutionary shift to govern some of the processes that lead to the formation of new species. We discuss the mechanisms we think are behind this proposed shift in evolution and conclude that this event is able to explain the huge biological diversity of nature in combination with evolutionary natural selection. We also discuss this event of nature as an isolated, but integrated, part of the universe. We propose the most important genetic and biochemical process that we think is behind the evolutionary shift as a complicated symbiosis of mechanisms leading to metamorphosis in all biological individuals, from bacteria to humans. The energetic superorbital that manifests the consciousness governs all these processes through quantum chemical activity. This is the key to evolutionary shift through the consciousness, and we propose to call this process “adult human metamorphosis”.

This article discusses the notion of body metamorphosis as a theory of phenomenal change by examining carved representational and ‘aniconic’ boulders from Lepenski Vir and other Meso-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges. The voluminous size of the boulders at Lepenski Vir, the way in which they occupy the three-dimensional space within buildings and around hearths, and the carvings over their surfaces suggest that they were understood as volatile bodies, undergoing continuous metamorphoses. The relationship between the seasonal recurrence of the Danube's migratory fish and these boulders is explored through the notion of animality. These boulders indicate prescribed stages of life-cycle metamorphosis that affected inextricably-linked realms of human and animal worlds. Prescribed stages of social embodiment at Lepenski Vir are discerned by looking at the archaeological context of representational boulders that sometimes directly commemorate particular deceased individuals. The possibility that boulder artworks acted as sacred heirlooms of particular buildings is connected to the social efficacy they might have acquired.

Atmospheres, events, feelings, every sensation has its own music. And the human being has been highly educated to feel the glamour of them through the hearing sense. We know how a terrifying situation sounds like; what would be the musical accompaniment for a warzone scenario or what is the perfect piece for getting into a state of relaxation. Thanks to music design it has been possible to immerse the spectator into a deeper sensorial perception experience. Users close their eyes, and feel. What if we close our ears, and feel? This thesis aims to transport the qualities of sound that produces feelings into people, to visual values communicated by an approach to architectural lighting design into architectural spaces. A music example is chosen according to the intended emotion to be transposed. It is analysed, evaluated and related to a series of theoretical fundamentals based on visual psychology, human experience, multisensorial connections and lighting design. Laws of correlation are stablished and applied to a case study which ends as a theoretical concept design of an architectural lighting design installation. Closing the document, a statement of guidelines for the conversion of subjective emotional qualities perceived from musical examples is stablished and discussed the use of it in architecture.

Cette recherche évalue le degré de régulation hydrologique induite par le barrage-réservoir Paso de las Piedras sur la Sauce Grande et quantifie les effets de cette régulation sur la hydrologie, la morphologie et la température de l'eau de la rivière en aval. Le travail de thèse consiste en une évaluation exhaustive et systématique des impacts du barrage-réservoir sur le système fluvial basée sur la compréhension des processus naturels qui se produisent en amont. En plus de fournir des informations sur les impacts hydrologiques, morphologiques et thermiques de la construction du barrage Paso de las Piedras et de l'exploitation de son réservoir, cette étude génère des séries de données climatiques et hydrologiques qui fournissent une base significative sur laquelle fonder des recherches futures. Par ailleurs, cette étude met en place un cadre méthodologique appliqué à l'analyse hydrogéomorphologique des bassins versants non jaugés qui a un grand potentiel d'application dans d'autres bassins de la région similaires ainsi que dans d'autres régions semi-arides du monde
Despite the regional importance of the Sauce Grande River as main source for water supply and the large capacity of the Paso de las Piedras Reservoir, both the hydrology of the river basin and the effects of the impoundment on the river environment remain poorly evaluated. This study provides the very first assessment of the degree of flow regulation induced by the Paso de las Piedras Dam on the middle section of the Sauce Grande River, and quantifies its impacts on the hydrology, morphology and patterns of water temperature of the river downstream from the impoundment. In addition to providing new information on the response of regulated rivers to upstream impoundment and on the effects of impoundment on the Sauce Grande River specifically, this study generates spatial, climatic and hydrologic data and implements a methodological framework to hydrological assessment of ungauged basins

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O corpo humano está agora enredado numa trama muito particular, característica de nossa era tecnocientífica: seu valor e seu destino estão submetidos aos processos racionais e às novas técnicas que são continuamente desenvolvidas nos laboratórios. A partir de uma visão algo utópica, muito além de uma simples materialidade orgânica, as fronteiras da corporalidade estão assim sendo radicalmente questionadas e transformadas. E, neste passo, os conhecimentos científicos e sua mística transbordam seus campos estritos de aplicação, para alcançar e mobilizar o desejo e a vontade de indivíduos e do público em geral. Em nosso trabalho, buscamos investigar a relação entre as experiências de laboratório e aquilo que identificamos como o panorama underground de tecnologização do corpo. Procuramos assim circunscrever certas modificações corporais extremas, definidas como body hacktivism, body hacking ou pirataria do corpo, que se fundam numa perspectiva lúdica e exploratória, realizadas por amadores com o propósito de ampliar os limites sensoriais do homem. Tal reapropriação individual das tecnologias se converte, então, em inovações e em práticas inusitadas, por exemplo: implantes de microchips RFID, de magnetos, de vibradores genitais ou placas de titânio para substituir a pele, e mesmo próteses robóticas feitas com peças de Lego. A pesquisa de campo foi empreendida entre 2011 e 2013, em contato com vários praticantes selecionados na Europa, nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil. A metodologia qualitativa privilegiou a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas a lojas de tatuagem/piercing, hotéis, eventos e seminários. O objetivo desta tese é, portanto, compreender qual corpo os body hackers constroem para si e projetam para os outros, explorando assim suas concepções acerca do sujeito humano. O argumento principal é de que os body hackers, por suas palavras e suas práticas, reverberam a mesma ontologia radical do individualismo moderno, ao tomar o indivíduo como a unidade social básica e a apropriação de seu próprio corpo como a relação fundamental. A simbiose do corpo com artefatos variados, que as novas tecnologias possibilitam, faculta ao indivíduo percepções exclusivas, nas quais os elementos inorgânicos se tornam não apenas mediadores da experiência pessoal, mas uma extensão ou parte articulada de si mesmo. Em suma, a tecnologia inserida no corpo além de modificá-lo, também transforma a forma de perceber, de estar e de ser-no-mundo. A pirataria do corpo, enfim, chama a atenção para uma realidade insofismável: se um dia a natureza concedeu aos seres humanos um corpo, para tê-lo, atualmente, é preciso superar o simples evento biológico e buscar incansavelmente o seu aperfeiçoamento, a quimera extraordinária de uma perfeição e de uma imortalidade vindoura.
In the present technoscientific era, the body is involved in a particular scheme: its value is directly related to its rational and technical production in scientific laboratories, where a utopian vision of corporeality has been delineated. In these, its boundaries are radically challenged and transformed, moving beyond organic materiality. Nevertheless, scientific development goes beyond its pre-set field of action, and its resulting knowledge touches society in a singular way. In our investigation, we seek to discover the relationships between laboratory experiments and what we identify as the underground scene of body technologization. Within it, we circumscribe extreme body modifications, defined as body hacktivism and body hacking, which stand for a playful and exploratory perspective, performed by scientifically-inclined amateurs whose purpose consists of amplifying a person’s sensory limits. This individual reappropriation of technologies turns out in innovations, including RFID microchip and magnetic implants, genital vibrators, engineering of titanium skin interfaces, and even robotic prostheses made with Legos. Through an empirical study undertaken from 2011 through 2013, we conducted participant observations with a number of privileged proponents of these practices in Europe, in the United States and in Brazil. Our methodology was qualitative, notably through the application of semi-directive interviews. The research focused on tattoo/piercing shops, hotels, body modification events and seminars. Our problem is to understand which body the body hackers build and design, and to view the conception of the human subject. Our principal argument is that body hackers are on record for self-production in a radical individualism that has, as a privileged analytical unit, the individual (and its growing individualization) and the self-ownership of the body as its fundamental measures. Then, the symbiosis of the individual with the environment, through new technologies, creates a distinctive perception in which an inorganic element becomes the mediator of the experience of the self and of the other. Lastly, they come together in such a way that the individual becomes a unity with it. In short, these embedded technologies not only modify the body, but also change the way of perceiving, living, and being in the world. The body hacking draws our attention to the understanding of a scientific reality: if one day nature granted man a body, to have currently, it is fundamental to overcoming this biological event, endlessly seeking its improvement, until the day that man will attain the chimera of perfection and immortality.

Aquesta tesis es centra en l’estudi de la transferència d’aigua i sediments des de les àrees font de sediments fins les zones de sedimentació a múltiples escales temporals (des de dades amb una freqüència de cinc minuts fins informació de tot un segle) i espacials (des de vessants fins a conques), i les seves implicacions en la morfologia de la llera de la conca de l’Alt Cinca, una conca de muntanya localitzada al vessant sud dels Pirineus. A escala de micro-conca, les dades d’alta resolució obtingudes durant 5 anys en dos badlands contrastats (0.3 ha cadascun) revelen com la pluja controla els processos erosius associats a l’escolament superficial, m’entre que les baixes temperatures tenen una relació significativa amb els processos de moviments en massa. La morfometria d’aquestes superfícies, conjuntament amb la cobertura vegetal són factors clau que determinen els principals processos geomorfològics i els associats canvis topogràfics. Els principals processos observats han estat seqüències d’Erosió i Sedimentació (Cutting and Filling) i Moviments Gravitacionals (Mass Wasting). Tot i que els badlands tenen un paper important en la producció de sediments, el balanç de sediments de la conca del riu Soto (10 km2) indica que aquestes superfícies no sempre controlen l’exportació de sediments a la sortida de petites conques de muntanya amb caràcter intermitent. Aquest fet és degut a la fluctuació de la connectivitat funcional de la xarxa de drenatge causada per la freqüència i magnitud dels polsos d’aigua i sediments durant crescudes sobtades o flashy. La xarxa de drenatge actua com a font i zona d’emmagatzematge de sediments i es clau per entendre les marcades diferències que hi ha en la proporció del sediment que s’exporta en relació a la producció o també anomenat Sediment Delivery Ratio. Els canvis en els usos de sòl en moltes conques de muntanya constatats des de els anys 50 del segle XX tenen un efecte directe en la generació d’escolament (quantitat i magnitud) i en la producció de sediments. La majoria de la superfície de la conca de l’Alt Cinca (1565 km2) ha sofert aforestació, que ha resultat en una reducció de la connectivitat sedimentaria estructural. La construcció de terrasses afecta la connectivitat molt més que els canvis en la coberta del sòl. Les terrasses generalment redueixen la connectivitat degut a l’establiment de zones planes entre mig de zones en pendent. Contràriament, a una escala més local, les terrasses poden incrementar la connectivitat degut a la convergència de flux produïda per les pròpies estructures, o per la caiguda d’aquestes degut a l’abandonament. La construcció de carreteres modifica el pendent i la xarxa de drenatge, fet que comportarà canvis en la connectivitat estructural, que a la vegada poden afectar els processos erosius en les zones veïnes. Així, els fluxos d’aigua i sediments a la conca de l’Alt Cinca han estat àmpliament modificats durant l’últim segle, amb implicacions directes en la forma de la llera. A més a més, impactes locals derivats de les extraccions d’àrids, construcció d’esculleres i embasaments també han condicionat la dinàmica sedimentaria d’aquest riu, amb un impacte directe sobre la morfologia. Aquesta situació ha generat una metamorfosis de la morfologia del riu en la part baixa de l’Alt Cinca (12 km), canviant d’un patró trenat, molt dinàmic, a un patró més estable amb una tendència cap a canal únic. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que el tram d’estudi està assolint un nou equilibri morfo-sedimentari imposat pels canvis en els fluxos d’aigua i sediments ocorreguts en el darrer segle, incloent les pertorbacions antròpiques que han modificat la geometria del canal i les característiques morfològiques de la llera. S’han observat un total de tres fases en la seva evolució: abans de l’any 1927, el tram d’estudi es trobava en una situació de quasi-equilibri majoritàriament condicionada per les riuades. Entre l’any 1927 i 2012 el riu s’ha ajustat a les diferents pertorbacions que ha tingut a múltiples escales temporals i espacials. Aquest ajust s’ha portat a terme mitjançant dos canvis contrastats en les característiques morfològiques. Finalment, després de l’any 2012, els resultats indiquen que el riu pot haver assolit de nou un nou equilibri, ajustant-se als fluxos d’aigua i sediment imposats i a la nova configuració del canal. Aquesta tesis presenta innovadors mètodes quantitatius per a l’estudi de la producció de sediments i la transferència entre els diferents compartiments de les conques fluvials. La principal novetat en la majoria dels capítols de la tesis recau en l’elevada resolució, de les dades obtingudes, tant temporal com espacial. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi permeten entendre millor el funcionament dels sistemes fluvials i la seva evolució, aspectes claus per donar suport en la millora i gestió de conques hidrogràfiques de muntanya.
Esta tesis se centra en el estudio de la transferencia de agua y sedimentos desde las áreas fuente de sedimentos hasta las áreas de sedimentación a múltiples escales temporales (desde datos con una frecuencia de cinco minutos hasta información de un siglo) y espaciales (desde laderas hasta cuencas), y sus implicaciones en la morfología del cauce en la Cuenca del Alto Cinca (vertiente sur de los Pirineos). A escala de micro-cuenca, los datos de alta resolución obtenidos durante 5 años en dos badlands contrastados (0.3 ha cada uno) revelan como la lluvia controla los procesos erosivos asociados a la escorrentía superficial, mientras que las bajas temperaturas tienen una relación significativa con los procesos de movimientos en masa. La morfometría de estas superficies, conjuntamente con la cobertura vegetal, son factores clave que determinan los principales procesos geomorfológicos y los cambios topográficos asociados. Los principales procesos observados han sido secuencias de Erosión y Sedimentación (Cutting and Filling) y Movimientos Gravitacionales (Mass Wasting). Pese a que los badlands tienen un papel importante en la producción de sedimentos, el balance de sedimentos de la cuenca del rio Soto (10 km2) indica que estas superficies no siempre controlan la exportación de sedimentos a la salida de pequeñas cuencas de montaña con carácter intermitente. Esto principalmente se debe a la fluctuación de la conectividad funcional de la red de drenaje causada por la frecuencia y magnitud de los pulsos de agua y sedimentos durante las crecidas súbitas o flashy. La red de drenaje actúa como fuente y zona de almacenamiento de sedimentos, y es clave para entender las marcadas diferencias que hay en la proporción de sedimento que se exporta en relación a la producción o Sediment Delivery Ratio. Los cambios en los usos del suelo en muchas cuencas de montaña constatados desde los años 50 del siglo XX tienen un efecto directo en la generación de escorrentía (cantidad y magnitud) y en la producción de sedimentos. La mayoría de la superficie de la cuenca del Alto Cinca (1565 km2) ha sufrido forestación, que ha resultado en una reducción de la conectividad sedimentaria estructural. La construcción de terrazas afecta la conectividad mucho más que los cambios en la cobertura del suelo. A una escala más local, las terrazas pueden incrementar la conectividad debido a la convergencia de flujo producida por las propias estructuras, o por la caída de estas debido a su abandono. La construcción de carreteras modifica la pendiente y la red de drenaje, hecho que comporta cambios en la conectividad estructural, que a su vez pueden afectar a los procesos erosivos en las zonas vecinas. Así, los flujos de agua y sedimento en la cuenca del Alto Cinca han estado ampliamente modificados durante el último siglo, con implicaciones directas en la morfología del canal. Además, impactos locales derivados de las extracciones de áridos, construcción de escolleras y embalses también han condicionado la dinámica sedimentaria de este río, con un impacto directo sobre la morfología. Esta situación ha generado una metamorfosis de la morfología del río en la parte baja del Alto Cinca (12 km), cambiando de un patrón trenzado, muy dinámico, a un patrón más estable con una tendencia hacia el canal único. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el tramo de estudio está alcanzando un nuevo equilibrio morfo-sedimentario impuesto por los cambios en los flujos de agua y sedimentos ocurridos durante el último siglo, incluyendo las perturbaciones antrópicas que han modificado la geometría del canal y las características morfológicas del cauce. Se han observado un total de tres fases en su evolución: antes de 1927, el tramo de estudio se encontraba en una situación de casi-equilibrio, mayoritariamente controlada por las crecidas. Entre el año 1927 y 2012 el río se ha ajustado a las diferentes perturbaciones que ha tenido a múltiples escalas temporales y espaciales. Este ajuste se ha llevado a cabo mediante dos cambios contrastados en las características morfológicas. Finalmente, después del año 2012, los resultados indican que el río puede haber alcanzado un nuevo equilibrio, ajustándose a los flujos de agua y sedimento impuestos y la nueva configuración del canal. Esta tesis presenta innovadores métodos cuantitativos para el estudio de la producción de sedimentos y la transferencia entre los diferentes compartimentos de las cuencas fluviales. La principal novedad en la mayoría de los capítulos de la tesis recae en la elevada resolución de los datos obtenidos, tanto temporal como espacial. Los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis permiten entender mejor el funcionamiento de los sistemas fluviales y su evolución, aspectos clave para dar soporte y apoyo en la mejoría y gestión de cuencas hidrográficas de montaña.
This thesis focusses on the study of water and sediment transfer from sources to sinks at multiple temporal (from 5-min data to a century data sets) and spatial (from slope to catchment scales) scales and their implications for channel morphology in the Upper Cinca catchment, a mountain catchment located in the Southern Pyrenees. At the micro-catchment scale, our 5-year High Resolution Data Set of two contrasted badlands (around 0.3 ha each) reveal as rainfall control overland-surface flow processes while low temperatures have a significant relation with mass movement-based processes. Morphometry together with vegetation cover are key factors determining main geomorphic processes and associated topographic changes. Main observed geomorphic processes were Cutting and Filling and Mass Wasting. Although badlands may have an important role on sediment production, the 2-year sediment budget of the Soto catchment (10 km2) indicates that badlands do not always control the export of sediments at the outlet of small intermittent mountain catchments. This is mainly due to the fluctuation of the functional connectivity of the channel network caused by the frequency and magnitude of water and sediment pulses during flashy floods. The channel drainage network acts as sediment source and sink and it is key to understand marked differences in the Sediment Delivery Ration. Land use and cover in many mountain catchments have been modified since the fifties of the 20th century, having a direct effect on runoff and sediment production. Most of the area of the Upper Cinca catchment (1565 km2) has undergone afforestation, which resulted in a decrease of structural sediment connectivity. Terracing affects connectivity much more than changes in land cover. Terraces generally reduce connectivity due to the establishment of flat areas between slopes and, contrarily, locally, may increase connectivity due the convergence produced by the structures or the collapse of terraces due to abandonment. Road construction, however, modify slope and the drainage network, which leads to changes in connectivity that could affect erosional processes in the neighbouring areas. Thus, water and sediment fluxes through the Upper Cinca are spatially and temporal dynamic and have been dramatically modified in the last century, with direct implications on channel morphology. Additionally, localised disturbances such as gravel mining, channel embankments and dams have also impacted on sedimentary dynamics, thus channel morphology. This situation led to a river metamorphosis, changing from a braided pattern to a more static channel towards a wandering pattern. We hypothesise that the lowermost 12-km reach of the Upper Cinca has reaching a new equilibrium imposed by catchment-scale changes of water and sediment fluxes caused by global changes, but also influenced by localised human-disturbances that modify channel geometry and morpho-sedimentary characteristics. Three phases were identified: before 1927, the reach remained in a quasi-equilibrium state imposed, mainly, by water and sediment supply during flood events. During the period 1927-2012 the river adjusted to the disequilibrium imposed by disturbances acting at different temporal and spatial scales, yielding two contrasted channel states. Finally, after 2012, we hypothesise that the river may be reaching again a new equilibrium, adjusting to the imposed water and sediment fluxes and the new channel configuration. This thesis presents some novel quantitative methods for the study of sediment production and transfer between the different compartments of fluvial catchments. The main transversal novelty in all the methods used in each chapter lies in the high resolution of the data obtained. This comprehensive analysis aids at understanding the functioning of the river system and their evolution based on multiple-scale disturbances, which can help to support integrated watershed management practices or plans.

Dans l’ère technoscientifique la valeur du corps est directement liée à sa production rationnelle produit dans les laboratoires scientifiques. Notre investigation empirique cherche à découvrir la relation entre les expériences de laboratoire et ce que nous délimitons comme body hacktivism, body hacking ou piratage du corps, qui sont basées sur une perspective ludique et exploratoire, réalisées par des amateurs scientifiquement inclinées, dont le but est d’amplifier les limites sensorielles de l’homme. Les body hackers sont dans le registre de la production de soi dans un individualisme radical qui a, en tant que unité d’analyse principal, l’individualisation croissante et la propriété de son corps comme des mesures fondamentales. Ensuite, la symbiose de l’individu avec l’environnement, grâce aux nouvelles technologies, a crée une perception unique dans laquelle un élément inorganique devient le médiateur de l’expérience de soi et le rapport à l’autre. Finalement, ils sont unis d’une manière telle que l’individu ne fait qu’un avec elle
In the present technoscientific era, body value is directly related to its rational production in scientific laboratories. Our empirical investigatoin seeks to discover the relationships between laboratory experiments and what we identify as body hacktivism, body hacking, which stand for a playful and exploratory extreme body modification perspective, performed by scientifically-inclined amateurs whose purpose consists of amplifying a person’s sensory limits. Our principal argument is that body hackers are on record for self-production in a radical individualism that has, as a privileged analytical unit, the growing individualization and the self-ownership of the body as its fundamental measures. The body hacking draws our attention to the understanding of a scientific reality: if one day nature granted man a body, to have currently, it is fundamental to overcoming this biological event, endlessly seeking its improvement, until the day that man will attain the chimera of perfection and immortality
O corpo humano está agora enredado numa trama muito particular, característica de nossa era tecnocientífica: seu valor e seu destino estão submetidos aos processos racionais e às novas técnicas que são continuamente desenvolvidas nos laboratórios. A partir de uma visão algo utópica, muito além de uma simples materialidade orgânica, as fronteiras da corporalidade estão assim sendo radicalmente questionadas e transformadas. E, neste passo, os conhecimentos científicos e sua mística transbordam seus campos estritos de aplicação, para alcançar e mobilizar o desejo e a vontade de indivíduos e do público em geral. Em nosso trabalho, buscamos investigar a relação entre as experiências de laboratório e aquilo que identificamos como o panorama underground de tecnologização do corpo. Procuramos assim circunscrever certas modificações corporais extremas, definidas como body hacktivism, body hacking ou pirataria do corpo, que se fundam numa perspectiva lúdica e exploratória, realizadas por amadores com o propósito de ampliar os limites sensoriais do homem. Tal reapropriação individual das tecnologias se converte, então, em inovações e em práticas inusitadas, por exemplo: implantes de microchips RFID, de magnetos, de vibradores genitais ou placas de titânio para substituir a pele, e mesmo próteses robóticas feitas com peças de Lego. A pesquisa de campo foi empreendida entre 2011 e 2013, em contato com vários praticantes selecionados na Europa, nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil. A metodologia qualitativa privilegiou a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas a lojas de tatuagem/piercing, hotéis, eventos e seminários. O objetivo desta tese é, portanto, compreender qual corpo os body hackers constroem para si e projetam para os outros, explorando assim suas concepções acerca do sujeito humano. O argumento principal é de que os body hackers, por suas palavras e suas práticas, reverberam a mesma ontologia radical do individualismo moderno, ao tomar o indivíduo como a unidade social básica e a apropriação de seu próprio corpo como a relação fundamental. A simbiose do corpo com artefatos variados, que as novas tecnologias possibilitam, faculta ao indivíduo percepções exclusivas, nas quais os elementos inorgânicos se tornam não apenas mediadores da experiência pessoal, mas uma extensão ou parte articulada de si mesmo. Em suma, a tecnologia inserida no corpo além de modificá-lo, também transforma a forma de perceber, de estar e de ser-no-mundo. A pirataria do corpo, enfim, chama a atenção para uma realidade insofismável: se um dia a natureza concedeu aos seres humanos um corpo, para tê-lo, atualmente, é preciso superar o simples evento biológico e buscar incansavelmente o seu aperfeiçoamento, a quimera extraordinária de uma perfeição e de uma imortalidade vindoura

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This research encompasses a study about the process of constitution of human identity. From the theoretical perspective of Ciampa, based on the historicdialectic materialism, life history narratives of undergraduate students are studied. Such universe is first of all taken as source of reference of activities and experiences assimilated along their lives, thus serving as reference to the understanding of the process of constitution of their identities. The study seeks to apprehend this process, based on the conception of the socio-historic man and of identity as a metamorphosis process. Through these life histories, the process of development of specifically human aptitudes and the human sense named conscience are analyzed. Under the light of the conceptions from the socio-historic psychology, the qualitative transformation of the conscience through embedded factors that are internal and external to men is studied, particularly in what refers to identity. For this reason, research extends to the analysis of form and content of what the students think and how they express their thoughts as narratives, considering these as the objectivation of capacities or acquisitions implied in their academic activities. We then come to the analysis of elaborations of the students and to the interactions that sustain such elaborations. Consequently, we come to the work of the Social Service Course at PUC/SP and to the implication of this work in the process of constitution of the identity of its students, in this study, represented by two of them. By focusing on the identity process as metamorphosis, research is centered in the relationship established between course-student, grounded on the pedagogic project of the course and on the professional profile it proposes. As a result of this study, the effectiveness of a process of constitution of human identities was evidenced, considering that a determined proposal of undergraduate teaching and determined kinds of learning produce movements in the identity of the students, participants of this research. That is, it is possible to organize revolutionary teaching under the capitalist roof
Esta pesquisa constitui-se num estudo sobre o processo de constituição da identidade humana. Sob a perspectiva teórica de ciampa, com base no materialismo histórico-dialético, estudam-se as narrativas de histórias de vida de alunas universitárias. Tal universo é tomado primeiramente como fonte de referência de atividades e experiências assimiladas no percurso de suas vidas, sendo, assim, referência para a compreensão do processo de constituição de suas identidades. A pesquisa busca apreender esse processo, tendo por base a concepção de homem sócio-histórico e de identidade como processo de metamorfose. Por meio dessas histórias de vida analisa-se o processo de desenvolvimento de aptidões especificamente humanas e o sentido humano chamado consciência. À luz das concepções da psicologia sócio-histórica, estuda-se, principalmente no que se refere à identidade, a transformação qualitativa da consciência por imbricamento de fatores internos e externos ao homem. A pesquisa se estende, por isso, à análise da forma e do conteúdo do que as alunas pensam e como expressam seus pensamentos em narrativas, considerando-os como objetivação de capacidades ou aquisições implicadas em suas atividades acadêmicas. Chega-se, assim, à análise de elaborações das alunas e às interações que dão sustentação a tais elaborações. Consequentemente chega-se ao trabalho do Curso de Serviço Social da PUC/SP e à implicação desse trabalho no processo de constituição da identidade de seus alunos, nesta pesquisa representados por duas deles. Com foco no processo de identidade como metamorfose, a pesquisa centra-se na relação que se estabelece entre curso-aluno tendo por base o projeto pedagógico do curso e o perfil profissional proposto por este. Assim, como resultado deste estudo, evidencia-se a efetivação de um processo de constituição de identidades humanas, mediante o que uma determinada proposta de ensino superior e determinadas aprendizagens produzem movimentos na identidade das alunas, sujeitos desta pesquisa. Ou seja, é possível, organizar um ensino revolucionário sob o teto capitalista

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This research tried to understand how the civilizatory patrimony of the yorubas - known as "nagôs" in Brazil make it possible to constitute the afrodescendent identities with an emancipatory sense as they respect the freedom of the differences with the valorization of the social equality. The respect to diverseness is a fundamental value among the nagôs and the candomblé, one of the main receivers of its tradition, disseminates that value mainly through the yoruba mythology. This mythology is portrayed here as part of that civilizatory patrimony and encompasses, in persona of the orixás, the search for a society in which there is space for the diversity of human types, in an equalitarian way. To understand how the original inheritance of a piece of Africa makes it possible to constitute the afrodescendent identities with a emancipatory sense, a case study was done which involves the life history of Ilícito - a rapper who demonstrates in his music to share many of the present aspects of the African legacy being studied. Among them, it is the identification with the persona of the orixás, especially with Xangô. The plot around that orixá allows us to explore a little more the subject of the respect to alteration among the nagôs. We used the theoretical-methodological approach of Antonio da Costa Ciampa as the theoretical support for this research, in whose opinion identity is a metamorphosis process in search of human emancipation
A presente pesquisa procura compreender como o patrimônio civilizatório dos iorubás - conhecidos como nagôs no Brasil - possibilita que identidades afrodescendentes se constituam com um sentido emancipatório ao respeitarem a liberdade das diferenças com a valorização da igualdade social. O respeito à alteridade é valor fundamental entre os nagôs e o candomblé, um dos grandes depositários da sua tradição, dissemina esse valor principalmente por meio da mitologia iorubana. Retratada aqui como parte desse patrimônio civilizatório, tal mitologia traz na figura dos orixás a busca de uma sociedade em que haja espaço para a diversidade dos tipos humanos, de forma igualitária. Para compreender como a herança originária de um pedaço de África possibilita que identidades afrodescendentes se constituam com um sentido emancipatório, foi realizado um estudo de caso envolvendo a história de vida de Ilícito - um rapper que, em suas músicas, demonstra compartilhar muitos dos aspectos presentes no legado africano em questão. Entre eles, está a identificação com as figuras dos orixás, especialmente com Xangô. O enredo em torno desse orixá permite-nos explorar um pouco mais a questão do respeito à alteridade presente entre os nagôs. Como suporte teórico desta pesquisa, é utilizada a abordagem teórico-metodológica de Antonio da Costa Ciampa, para quem identidade é o processo de metamorfose em busca da emancipação humana

A global epidemic of metamorphosed, conglomerated health care systems changed the face of public health care organizations. The problem is, public health care organizations merge into new systems, but the culture for each merged organization has not been formed under the new system. Public administrators, health care workers and the Department of Health and Human Services are affected when there are issues in health care behavioral practices and performance outcomes. Research found that employee motivation is hard to achieve when there are issues within the internal structure of a new system. Using Herzberg's motivation-hygiene and Tajfel and Turner's social identity theories as the foundation, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the statistical relationship between growth opportunities, organizational culture, monetary compensation and employee motivation. Secondary data were used from a sample of 3,033 health care workers from 2 English hospitals in the United Kingdom. The data were examined using Point-Biserial Correlation Coefficient model statistical t test. The study's results concluded that growth opportunities, organizational culture, and monetary compensation significantly correlate with employee motivation. Recommendations included implementing systematic changes to the internal organizational structure by identifying and developing effective strategies to improve internal organizational practices and performance outcomes. Further research is needed for demographic comparisons. The study affects social change by informing the Department of Health and Human Services, health care organizations and public health administrators of various strategies that can be used to improve internal organizational practices performance outcomes.

Humanity settlement are formed as a result of decisions and actions of different people and become as a form of an identity of integrity. So urban form is influenced by desires, values, beliefs, and human activities, so the study of urban form is the study of its constituent human values and expression of physical aspects of their lifestyles. Before contemporary periods, urban form in Iran, continuity based on former patterns of changes, which was gradual, but after the beginning of the influence of west, one of the most important challenges of urban form in Iran is in the form of short-term changes. Changes occur in a cycle of destruction and construction. This paper use the way of content analysis investigate to texts, document to study form and typo-morphology of residential environment in the city of Mashhad. In the periods of one hundred years shows there is a direct and significant relationship between changes of Iranian lifestyle and metamorphosis of urban form, so that by sequential developments of Iranian lifestyle in a short time, the urban form is responded and metamorphosed and again is created in a new form.