Academic literature on the topic 'Human-Nature Interactions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Soga, Masashi, and Kevin J. Gaston. "The ecology of human–nature interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (January 15, 2020): 20191882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1882.
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The direct interactions between people and nature are critically important in many ways, with growing attention particularly on their impacts on human health and wellbeing (both positive and negative), on people's attitudes and behaviour towards nature, and on the benefits and hazards to wildlife. A growing evidence base is accelerating the understanding of different forms that these direct human–nature interactions take, novel analyses are revealing the importance of the opportunity and orientation of individual people as key drivers of these interactions, and methodological developments are increasingly making apparent their spatial, temporal and socio-economic dynamics. Here, we provide a roadmap of these advances and identify key, often interdisciplinary, research challenges that remain to be met. We identified several key challenges, including the need to characterize individual people's nature interactions through their life course, to determine in a comparable fashion how these interactions vary across much more diverse geographical, cultural and socio-economic contexts that have been explored to date, and to quantify how the relative contributions of people's opportunity and orientation vary in shaping their nature interactions. A robust research effort, guided by a focus on such unanswered questions, has the potential to yield high-impact insights into the fundamental nature of human–nature interactions and contribute to developing strategies for their appropriate management.
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Kobayashi, Hill Hiroki. "Research in Human-Computer-Biosphere Interaction." Leonardo 48, no. 2 (April 2015): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00982.
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Currently human-computer interaction (HCI) is primarily focused on human-centric interactions. However, people experience many non-human-centric interactions every day. Interactions with nature can reinforce the importance of our relationship with nature. This paper presents the author’s vision of human-computer-biosphere interaction (HCBI) to facilitate non-human-centric interaction with the goal of moving society towards environmental sustainability.
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Yerbury, Rachel M., and Samantha J. Lukey. "Human–Animal Interactions: Expressions of Wellbeing through a “Nature Language”." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040950.
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Human–animal interactions (HAIs) can be beneficial for humans in a number of ways, and interactions with wild animals may contribute to human mental wellbeing, partly through nature connectedness. This study applies the “Nature Interaction Pattern” approach (proposed by Kahn and colleagues) to characterize the structure of meaningful human engagement with nature and animals, and to consider the wellbeing outcomes. This qualitative, retrospective study uses open responses from 359 participants who describe how their wild animal encounters affected their nature connectedness. Thematic analysis explores five nature Interaction Patterns and four resulting Psychological Descriptions that occur in the portrayals of the marine animal encounters and these are described using representative quotes. Feelings of love, belonging, positive feelings, fulfillment and the gaining of perspective, were linked with the human–animal experience and the Interaction Patterns. These findings suggest that when people encounter and interact with animals in their natural environment, their mental health and wellbeing may be enhanced. Further, through connecting with nature and animals, reciprocity may occur, that is, when people connect with nature and animals, they can also give back. Within this interaction there becomes an entanglement of experiences thereby encouraging caring for nature and animals.
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Aisher, Alex, and Vinita Damodaran. "Introduction: Human-nature interactions through a multispecies lens." Conservation and Society 14, no. 4 (2016): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.197612.
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Ibrahim, Filzani Illia, Dasimah Omar, and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad. "Human Interaction In Urban Open Spaces." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, no. 10 (March 1, 2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.1590.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the multi-dimensional human interaction experienced in the open spaces and develop the ranking of human interaction in relation to the typological of open spaces. The analysis in this paper addresses human-human interaction and human-nature interaction in five selected open spaces of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The findings show that all four research domains namely socio-demographic domain, the human-human interactions in open spaces domain, the human-nature interactions in open spaces domain and perceived benefits domain significantly influence the human interactions in the Shah Alam open spaces area.Keywords: open spaces; sustainability; human interaction; landscapeeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.1590
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Li, Yu, Mingjun Gao, Zhansen Zhang, Junjie Duan, and Yaxin Xue. "Phased human-nature interactions for the past 10 000 years in the Hexi Corridor, China." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 044035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acc87b.
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Abstract Located in the eastern section of the ancient Silk Road, the Hexi Corridor is a crucial area where eastern and western civilizations met. Previous studies mainly explore human-nature interactions at a particular period, and there is a lack of phased human-nature interaction studies at long time scales. Here we present the relationships and patterns of interaction between humans and nature in the region over the past 10 000 years and distinguish the stages and mechanisms of interaction, which can be divided into three periods in the region. 10 000–4000 a BP is a period of weak interaction when human activities and natural processes are primarily non-interactive. The evolution of culture advances in its way rather than by environmental changes, and those early cultures do not strongly impact the natural environment. During 4000–2000 a BP, climate change becomes the dominant factor in human adaptation, mitigation, and migration in the region, and extreme short-term changes often impact the social system, intensifying the impact of nature on humans. Therefore, it is a strong interaction period (nature domination). From 2000 to 0 a BP, humans dominate environmental change manifested by surface processes, lake evolution, and regional water resource changes. At the same time, environmental change can backfire on humans, causing a series of social crises. Overall, it is a strong interaction period (human domination). We propose a Hexi model, a weak interaction—strong interaction (nature domination)—strong interaction (human domination) model, validated in other regions of the world for long time scale human-nature interactions.
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Hawkins, Melissa, and Chris James. "Developing a perspective on schools as complex, evolving, loosely linking systems." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 46, no. 5 (June 1, 2017): 729–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143217711192.
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The rationale for this article is to give complexity the central place it warrants in school leadership, management and organisational practice and research. We analyse the relevant literature, particularly that relating to complex human systems and their loose coupling nature. The analysis reveals the dimensions of complex human systems and consequences that emanate from those dimensions, which include system evolution. We use the dimensions, together with notions of interactional capability, opportunities for interaction, the legitimacy of interactions and the extent to which the institutional primary task conditions interactions, to create an organisational/institutional perspective on schools as complex, evolving, loosely linking systems (CELLS). Five main systems of a school as a whole-school system are identified: the teaching staff system; the ancillary staff system; the student system; the parent system; and significant other systems in the wider system. In the article, we illustrate the nature of the teaching staff system from a CELLS perspective. We discuss issues arising from our analyses: interaction, influence and leadership; ontological issues; the nature of ‘the school’; the significance of the parent system; the special nature of interactions between the members of the teaching staff system and the student system; and institutional performance.
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Soga, Masashi, and Kevin J. Gaston. "Extinction of experience: the loss of human-nature interactions." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14, no. 2 (March 2016): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1225.
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Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., and Tadeusz Janicki. "Human and Nature: Between Destruction and Creation." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 42, no. 1 (May 22, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2024.42.1.001.
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The problem of interaction between man and nature throughout history is, relatively, rarely addressed by classical historiography. The session entitled Man and Nature: Between destruction and creation, organized and chaired by Prof. Tadeusz Janicki (Faculty of History, UAM, Poznań, Poland) and Prof. Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz (Department of Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland) on 24 August 2022 as part of the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences Poznań 2022, was an attempt to change this tendency and broaden the existing research perspective. The papers delivered during the occassion were the starting point for the preparation of a special issue of the journal Studia Historiae Oeconomicae (SHO), the primary purpose of which is interdisciplinary reflection by specialists from various scientific disciplines on the problem of destruction of natural landscapes and creation of cultural landscapes, along with other issues concerning the interaction between humans and the natural environment from prehistoric times to the present.This special issue of SHO consists of seven articles on diverse topics, analysing human interactions with nature through different historical periods, meanwhile taking into account their economic, civil, social and climatic conditions. The result is a multifaceted mosaic of topics that constitutes an original and interdisciplinary analysis of man’s relationship with nature, which may be a source of inspiration for readers and perhaps further research in this field.
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Paudel, Shankar. "Human Interaction with Nature: Ritus and Forests of the Himalayas." KMC Research Journal 5, no. 5 (December 31, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v5i5.53580.
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The pivotal concern of my research is to explore the ranges of human interaction with forests and rivers in six different Ritus2 (seasons) in the context of Nepal in general and Morang and Chitwan Districts in particular. People are constantly engaged in various kinds of contact with nature according to the changing seasons. On one level, it is the interaction that occurs between any life form and nature. And on the other hand, especially in the case of humans, it extends towards the variety of causes, i.e. political, religious, and economic/ educational, that shape the interactions between humans and nature. My research aims to explore the nuances of those dialogues between humans and forests that are shaped by natural forces and the religious, socio-economic, aesthetic and common reasons during different Ritus.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Ng, Yin Dick Andy 1974. "Exploring the nature of protein-protein interactions through the design of bivalent miniproteins that bind and inhibit human thrombin." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100664.
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The nature of protein-protein interactions was explored through the design of polypeptide ligands targeting specifically human a-thrombin. Design strategies ranged from isolation of binding fragments from natural proteins, conformational stabilization using structural scaffold, to bivalent linkage of library-selected components.The interaction of thrombin with a 28-residue polypeptide from the sixth-epidermal growth factor-like repeat of human thrombomodulin (hTM-EGF6) was characterized in solution by use of NMR spectroscopy. The thrombin-binding region was identified and the thrombin-bound structure of the binding region was determined. The thrombin-bound structure of this fragment of thrombomodulin was then used as a basis for the design of peptide ligands with potentially enhanced thrombin-binding activities. Attempts for affinity enhancement through conformational stabilization by structure-based methods exemplified the need for alternative approaches that exploit the ubiquitous weak molecular interactions.
Bivalent ligands of thrombin were constructed via linkage of natural protein fragments. It was found that bivalent effects can be afforded by the proper linkage of the individually weak binding moieties. The bivalent designs were further generalized to include linkage of novel polypeptides selected from combinatorial libraries as individual binding components. These novel bivalent ligands targeting both the active site and the exosite I of thrombin exhibited up to 110-fold enhancement of binding activity.
The present study renews the interests in weak protein-protein/polypeptide interactions and their use in protein biochemistry. The design of thrombin-targeting bivalent ligands from weakly-binding moieties highlights the nature of bivalent molecular interactions, emphasizing the synergistic interplay between the two binding sites conferred by linker residues with a proper covalent geometry. It also illustrates that bivalent/multivalent binding can be applied as a general and practical approach for the design of high-affinity inhibitors targeting discrete sites on functionally important proteins, especially those involved in biological and cell signaling processes.
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Wall, Reinius Sandra. "Tourism attractions and land use interactions : Case studies from protected areas in the Swedish mountain region." Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-954.
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Zumhof, Brianna J. "Understanding perceptions of urban biodiversity and its benefits." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6903.
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The human population is rapidly urbanizing, creating dramatic changes in local land use and land cover, unprecedented species loss, and a society increasingly disconnected from nature. Nature, specifically biodiversity, has been shown to provide benefits and enhance well-being to humans. Living in an environment with reduced opportunity to interact with or experience biodiversity has increasingly been recognized as both a public health and environmental issue, whereby separation from nature can negatively impact human well-being and how humans value nature, diminishing interest in and understanding of nature and its conservation. Because urban living reduces contact with nature, it is imperative to understand how urban residents perceive and benefit from urban nature to better manage urban biodiversity to both support human well-being and conservation efforts.
This study examines how urbanites perceive and benefit from two types of urban nature, trees and birds, by combining surveys of local residents with tree and bird data collected in two Midwestern agricultural cities, Cedar Rapids and Iowa City, Iowa from neighborhoods of varying urban intensity. A residential survey was distributed to these neighborhoods during the summer of 2018 to assess resident perceptions of neighborhood biodiversity and its benefits. In general, residents were not able to assess relative levels of biodiversity compared to other neighborhoods, except in the case of high tree species richness. There was a strong relationship between perceived biodiversity and actual biodiversity, as well as reported knowledge of a given taxon, but only residential perceptions of biodiversity, not actual biodiversity, were strongly related to reported benefits. Respondent perceptions of the influence of trees on their well-being exhibited strong relationships with a person’s connection to trees. Reported influence of birds on well-being was strongly related to a person’s connection to trees, connection to birds, and landscaping practices to support wild species in their yards. Actual bird species richness was significantly negatively related to perceived influence of birds on well-being. Perceived nuisances associated with trees were significantly negatively related to perceived tree species richness, while a person’s connection to trees was strongly positively related to tree nuisances.
These results indicate that reported perceptions of the benefits from biodiversity are most heavily influenced by resident perceptions of biodiversity itself and orientation toward nature. This finding also implies that residents benefit from the presence of biodiversity, but that perceived benefits are only related to respondent perceptions of biodiversity, not to actual biodiversity. Further research is necessary to understand why and how this paradox occurs, yet this study provides reason to support efforts to increase knowledge of species as well as provide biodiverse environments that create opportunities for interaction with urban nature. Providing both would strengthen urban resident well-being and support biodiversity and conservation initiatives within cities.
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Chai-Allah, Abdesslam. "Experiencing nature : a data science approach to quantify cultural ecosystem services using crowdsourced spatial data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2024UCFA0018_CHAI_ALLAH.pdf.
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Les biens et services fournis par la nature sont d'une importance capitale pour le bien-être de l'Homme, et les services culturels sont spécifiquement le résultat des interactions de l'Homme avec la nature. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre ces interactions afin d'orienter les politiques de gestion du paysage et la protection de la biodiversité afin de maintenir les liens entre l'Homme et la nature et les bienfaits que ces liens procurent. Avec l'utilisation massive des réseaux sociaux, un énorme volume de données spatiales multimodales dites « crowdsourced » est disponible à partir desquelles les scientifiques peuvent aujourd'hui acquérir des connaissances plus approfondies pour mieux comprendre les services écosystémiques culturels (SEC). Parallèlement, des techniques de science des données, telles que l'apprentissage automatique et le traitement automatique du langage naturel, sont apparues pour automatiser l'extraction d'informations pertinentes à partir ces données, afin de quantifier et d'analyser les SEC. Cependant, l'utilisation des données « crowdsourced » pour quantifier les SEC n'est pas encore complètement développée. Par conséquent, cette thèse vise à appliquer différentes techniques de science des données à des données « crowdsourced » pour mieux quantifier les SEC à l'échelle paysagère. La zone d'étude considéré est l'ancienne région Auvergne, pour sa diversité d'éléments paysagers.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons utilisé trois sources de données (Flickr, NaturaList, Wikiloc) et une gamme de méthodes analytiques (analyse du contenu des images, analyse textuelle et analyse spatiale) pour décrire plusieurs facettes de l'expérience Homme-nature. Premièrement, en utilisant l'analyse spatiale, les préférences des photographes (Flickr), des randonneurs (Wikiloc) et des naturalistes (NaturaList) sont comparées et nous avons constaté que la diversité des habitats est visée indépendamment de l'activité récréative, tandis que les préférences pour des habitats spécifiques dépendent de l'activité récréative (Chapitre 2). Ensuite, nous avons exploré le contenu des images de Flickr et Wikiloc à l'aide d'un algorithme d'apprentissage automatique afin de comprendre la raison pour laquelle un élément du paysage est préféré (chapitre 3). En classant les images en deux catégories, celles qui se concentraient sur l'esthétique du paysage et celles qui se concentraient sur l'appréciation des espèces, deux aspects clés des SEC, nous avons constaté que les photographes et les randonneurs photographiaient davantage de paysages ouverts que d'espèces végétales ou animales, que ce soit dans les prairies ou dans les forêts. En ce qui concerne l'appréciation des espèces animales ou végétales, les espèces facilement observables, telles que les fleurs et les animaux d'élevage, ont été les plus photographiées. Finalement, en explorant les données textuelles, les perceptions et les émotions que les randonneurs associent aux caractéristiques du paysage et aux activités physiques de plein air ont été mises en évidence.Cette thèse met en évidence l'importance de combiner plusieurs sources et types de données « crowdsourced » et de les analyser en utilisant des méthodes interdisciplinaires afin de faire avancer la quantification des SEC. En utilisant différentes méthodes, nous avons présenté une mesure plus significative des SEC qui prend en compte différentes facettes de l'interaction Homme-nature, qui pourraient ne pas être entièrement prises en compte par une seule méthode isolée. Les résultats peuvent contribuer à la gestion du paysage en Auvergne afin de promouvoir les interactions positives avec la nature dans le cadre de loisirs, essentielle pour le bien-être de l'HommeMankind crucially depends on the goods and services provided by healthy ecosystems, with cultural services depending on the contact of humans with nature. Understanding human-nature interactions is therefore critical to guiding management and conservation policies aiming to reconnect humans with nature and the health benefits it provides. With the ubiquitous use of mobile technologies, there is an enormous volume of multimodal spatial data available from which science can nowadays gain enhanced insights to better understand cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by the natural and agricultural ecosystems that make up our landscapes. At the same time, data science techniques, such as machine learning and natural language processing have emerged to automate the extraction of relevant information from crowdsourced data to quantify and analyze CES. However, this is not yet fully developed. Hence, this thesis aims to harness multiple crowdsourced data sources and data science techniques to better quantify CES at the landscape scale, focusing on the rural areas of the Auvergne region in France.In this work, we explored three different crowdsourced sources (Flickr, NaturaList, andWikiloc) and employed a range of analytical methods, including spatial analysis, imagecontent analysis, and textual analysis to reveal the complex and multifaceted interactionsbetween humans and nature. First, we presented a novel approach, the “Trail-User-Day”,which allows the combination of different spatial data types and integrates multiple sitesvisited during a day to comprehensively explore recreationists' preferences for different landscape features during a day trip (Chapter 2). By comparing the patterns of use and potential supply, we found that a diversity of habitats is valued regardless of whether the recreationist is a photographer (Flickr), sports visitor (Wikiloc), or naturalist (NaturaList), while preferences for specific habitats depend on the recreational activity. Second, we explored the visual content of Flickr and Wikiloc using a machine learning algorithm to quantify “why” a landscape feature is preferred (Chapter 3). By classifying photographs into landscape aesthetics versus species appreciation, two key aspects of CES, we found that recreationists photographed more open landscape views than plant or animal species in both grasslands and forests. Regarding the appreciation of animal or plant species, easily observable species, such as flowers and grazing livestock, were the most photographed. We further examined the textual data associated with hiking trails shared on Wikiloc using natural language processing techniques to capture hikers' perceptions associated with different landscape features and physical outdoor activities (Chapter 4). Results revealed that specific natural features of the landscape - mainly the textual cluster “ecosystems, animals and plants”- stimulate different perceptions of hikers, ranging from aesthetics, joy, and restoration to the sensation of enhanced physical effort during hiking. Moreover, the cluster composed of “outdoor physical activities” stimulates both “joy and restoration” and “physical effort sensation” perceptions. Such multiple associations reveal the bundled nature of people's perceptions of the landscape during recreation activities.This thesis demonstrates the value of combining multiple data sources and types andanalyzing them using interdisciplinary methods to push ahead the quantification andunderstanding of CES. Findings can further help inform landscape management in Auvergne to promote high-quality nature contact to recreationists while preserving areas of natural and cultural interest. Future work must continue to explore the potential of both crowdsourced data and data science techniques to advance knowledge on human-nature interactions for the benefit of people and nature
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Luu, Trieu Vy. "Revealing The Nature Of Human Characteristics Through Interaction Design." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141054.
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Everyday we come up with new solutions for our existing problems. But the solutions of today are tomorrow’s problem. The products we create as designers are often bringing more complexity in our society than it is initially intended for. This thesis aims to give a new perspective on the design practice community. Instead of starting with a problem-solving scope, this thesis intent is to find what is truly meaningful for human life, meaning finding, and to propose how we can envision new ways of meaning making within interaction design. The two processes together of meaning finding and meaning making is how we can aim for concrete results that are relevant for our society. To better understand what truly matters for human life, I collected 14 stories through ethnographic research. These ethnographic stories reveal the nature of human characteristics when people face and overcome big challenges in life. Some of these ethnographic stories highlights the life of a WWII survivor, war refugee, leukaemia child-patient and a widow. Parallel, to the ethnographic work, I explored how I can evoke a deeper connection between people, by making them listen to each-other’s heartbeat. Inevitably, by exploring the fundamental elements of human life and observing the emotions and behaviour of my interviewees and participants, the thesis find itself often on the playground between philosophy and human life. But by taking a strong interaction design perspective, these insights were manifested in the human design manifesto booklet. This booklet proposes six expressions for designers, with the intention to embrace the fundamental elements of human life when we design: 1. Design attitudes, not solutions. 2. Design the medicine of the mind. 3. Design for relationships. 4. Design for our direct senses. 5. Design for the deep human connection. 6. Design the act of kindness Later on, for the meaning making part: one statement from the Human Design Manifesto was selected to explore in depth: Design the act of kindness. For this expression project Hidden Figures was created. Hidden Figures is a design proposal which demonstrates that a design creation can be driven by the fundamental elements of human life. In this case proposing the act of kindness as a vision on how our society could be. In overall, this master’s thesis demonstrates how our design proposals can embody and resonate well between the three levels of design philosophy, a designer’s vision and interaction design practice: How we, as designers, can use meaning-making and meaning-finding to create more relevant impact for our society. Last, I hope this work encourages other designers to think deeply about their own creations and its impact. And help designers reflect on why they create and how they could also alternatively practice design.
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Prabhakar, R. "Resource, Use, Culture And Ecological Change: A Case Study Of The Nilgiri Hills Of Southern India." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/143.
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Over the last two decades, there have been increasing concerns about environmental degradation and its consequences on the long-term sustainability of socio-economic systems around the world. The publication of the report of the Club of Rome in 1972, (Meadows et al. 1972) focused on the issue of limits to growth. Since then, there has been a profusion of literature and general models have been developed to address the causes of environmental degradation and the unsustainability of current patterns of growth (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1970; 1990). Essentially these models used parameters that included population growth, consumption levels and aspects of technology, and their effects on the environment. While these models and studies were at a macro level that helped focus attention on the patterns of growth and their unsustainability, they did not provide insights into the mechanisms that were driving ecological change, nor suggest alternative models of growth. An entry point into the current study is to understand the mechanisms that drive ecological change.
Motivated by concerns for environmental degradation, and the need to understand the mechanisms that drive ecological change, the study is situated in the academic domain of studies on human-nature interactions. The complex nature of interactions between human groups with their environment and their dependence on the situational context, requires that such studies be at a regional and local scale for which sufficient detail is available. This particular study is situated in the Nilgiri hills in the Western Ghats of Southern India for which such detailed information is available. The study reconstructs the ecological history of the Nilgiri area during the last 200 years, and from this laboratory of human-nature interactions, attempts to derive general patterns.
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Prabhakar, R. "Resource, Use, Culture And Ecological Change: A Case Study Of The Nilgiri Hills Of Southern India." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/143.
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Over the last two decades, there have been increasing concerns about environmental degradation and its consequences on the long-term sustainability of socio-economic systems around the world. The publication of the report of the Club of Rome in 1972, (Meadows et al. 1972) focused on the issue of limits to growth. Since then, there has been a profusion of literature and general models have been developed to address the causes of environmental degradation and the unsustainability of current patterns of growth (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1970; 1990). Essentially these models used parameters that included population growth, consumption levels and aspects of technology, and their effects on the environment. While these models and studies were at a macro level that helped focus attention on the patterns of growth and their unsustainability, they did not provide insights into the mechanisms that were driving ecological change, nor suggest alternative models of growth. An entry point into the current study is to understand the mechanisms that drive ecological change.
Motivated by concerns for environmental degradation, and the need to understand the mechanisms that drive ecological change, the study is situated in the academic domain of studies on human-nature interactions. The complex nature of interactions between human groups with their environment and their dependence on the situational context, requires that such studies be at a regional and local scale for which sufficient detail is available. This particular study is situated in the Nilgiri hills in the Western Ghats of Southern India for which such detailed information is available. The study reconstructs the ecological history of the Nilgiri area during the last 200 years, and from this laboratory of human-nature interactions, attempts to derive general patterns.
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Heinonen, Sirkka. "Prometheus revisited : human interaction with nature through technology in Seneca /." Helsinski : Societas scientiarum Fennica, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37122812m.
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Farber, Jeffrey W. "Natural interactions : a commentary on our relationship with nature." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391229.
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The objective of this creative project is to develop a series of paintings in oil on canvas that focus on the issue of mankind's crumbling relationship with the natural world. The paintings will be produced through a process that begins with an intuitive abstract approach and will later develop layered representational imagery. My technique of painting involves initially choosing and mixing colors without regard to the finished painting, allowing the subconscious to determine the direction that the painting will take. Upon completion of the under painting, I begin creating stencils and layering imagery that provoke thought concerning nature and our place in it. This collection of paintings is representative of the process I have developed through a wide variety of influences, and is a means of communicating my concern for the ever dwindling natural environment and our connection to it.Department of Art
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Diduch, Luba. "Facilitating human computer interaction artworks : the nature of interactivity within architectonic schemes." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2015. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/6677/.
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This paper examines Human Computer Interaction artworks and how notions of interactivity are evolving due to the presence of expanding architectonic schemes in and around these artworks. This research draws on sources that use rapid ethnographic methodologies to collect data and argues for a redefinition of current understandings of interactivity within the field of multimedia and art practice. My research has been practice based and is reflected in the arworks and writing that I have produced. Participants' highly differential levels of commitment with an artwork while examining understandings of co-creativity are explored. Artworks of contemporary artists who use Human Computer Interaction and computer technologies to experiment with the idea of expansiveness through spectator participation in the field of HCI artworks are discussed. In varying degrees, and due to varying aspects of immateriality, artworks are considered as being extended beyond the confines of both the multimedia interface and even the architectural structure of the art gallery or exhibition space. Terms such as architectonics, touchpoints, configuration and agora are employed when describing interactive processes in the field of Fine Art installation. Modernist writer and critic R.H. Wilenski is referenced regarding the relationships between art, architecture and the artist/spectator. Current and past understandings of interactivity, as well as terms used by contemporary interface designers such as Don Norman and Dan Saffer are used in relation to the study of HCI artworks. In addition, this paper focuses on the modes in which audiences 'look away' and use a range of devices that exist around artworks to expand the architectonic schemes in and around them.
Books on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Misiune, Ieva, Daniel Depellegrin, and Lukas Egarter Vigl, eds. Human-Nature Interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7.
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Pierre, Lagayette, ed. Nature et progrès: Interactions, exclusions, mutations. Paris: Presses de l'université Paris-Sorbonne, 2006.
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1951-, Kareiva Peter M., Kingsolver Joel G, and Huey Raymond B, eds. Biotic interactions and global change. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1993.
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1951-, Kareiva Peter M., Kingsolver Joel G. 1953-, and Huey Raymond B, eds. Biotic interactions and global change. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1992.
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1936-, Chandhoke S. K., ed. Habitation and environment: Interactions, inter-relations, and adjustments. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1994.
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Moran, Emilio F. Environmental social science: Human-environment interactions and sustainability. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Human-nature interactions in the anthropocene: Potentials of social-ecological systems analysis. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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Environmental social science: Human-environment interactions and sustainability. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Moran, Emilio F. Environmental social science: Human-environment interactions and sustainability. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Systemic management: Sustainable human interactions with ecosystems and the biosphere. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Misiune, Ieva, and Justas Kazys. "Accessibility to and Fragmentation of Urban Green Infrastructure: Importance for Adaptation to Climate Change." In Human-Nature Interactions, 235–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_19.
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Significance StatementUrban green infrastructure (GI) is one of the key strategies to respond to environmental problems. It helps to support biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and ensure the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Scientific literature suggests that there are thresholds for minimum viable green area patch sizes. Besides the size, accessibility is another important factor for the supply of ES. This work assesses how demand and accessibility can be improved addressing fragmentation of GI in Vilnius, Lithuania. The analysis shows that climate adaptation policy should guide the development of GI addressing simultaneously the demand of ES and fragmentation of the GI, for instance, by reconnecting existing natural areas in this way increasing accessibility and reducing the risk of further habitat fragmentation.
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Mathinya, Neo V., Vincent Ralph Clark, Johan J. van Tol, and Angelinus C. Franke. "Resilience and Sustainability of the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountain System: A Case Study on the Upper uThukela Catchment." In Human-Nature Interactions, 155–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_13.
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Significance StatementThe chapter describes the conflicting interests of water users in the uThukela catchment of the Maloti-Drakensberg (MD) mountain system, including the implications of poor management on ecosystem health and livelihoods. As this is a strategic water resource area for both Lesotho and South Africa, effective management towards sustainability is critical, but is currently retarded by the complexities of shared but disputed boundaries, and competing land uses. Improved rangeland management practices, backed by education and awareness, can improve the resilience of the system. However, this requires the buy-in of all stakeholders to reduce degradation and invest in improvement of the catchment. Otherwise, degradation will exacerbate water shortages in an already water scarce region – especially during El Nino-linked droughts, predicted to become more intense with climate change.
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Lewis, Amy, Katie Devenish, Rachel Dolan, Tara Garraty, Oboh Okosun, Matthew Scowen, Indunee Welivita, and Simon Willcock. "Ecosystem Service Flows Across the Rural-Urban Spectrum." In Human-Nature Interactions, 183–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_15.
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Significance StatementKey differences exist between how rural and urban people receive benefits from nature (termed ecosystem services; ES). In rural areas, people are thought to have relatively direct relationships with local ecosystems (e.g. growing food on your subsistence farm). By contrast, within urban areas, people often have more indirect access to distant ecosystems (e.g. obtaining food from hundreds of miles away via supermarket value chain). However, this leaves many questions unanswered: e.g., What natural benefits are present within cities? When do nature’s benefits flow into cities? When do the people travel out to directly receive nature’s benefits? Here, we explore this issue – breaking down ES flows into two components (i.e. the movement of natural goods and the movement of beneficiaries [people]).
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Schneider, Petra, and Tino Fauk. "The Role of Allotment Gardens for Connecting Nature and People." In Human-Nature Interactions, 261–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_21.
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Significance StatementAllotment gardens (AG) are valuable elements of communities that provide substantial ecosystem services. An AG as a type of community garden is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. Beside the provision of urban ecosystem services, AG’s deliver an ecological potential to habitat connectivity in the urban realm as well a substantial contribution to human health. The role of AG’s in the frame of urban ecosystems is manifold and multifunctional. Beside their purpose for food production and recreation, AG’s offer crucial benefits for public health and wellbeing, social inclusion, environment, and as cultural archive. Their intrinsic purpose is connectivity, for habitats, people, ecosystem services and circular flux management. The contribution is based on a literature review supported by a field survey that was performed in the period 2017–2020 in Ecuador, Germany, Sweden, Uganda, and Vietnam.
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Rossi, Sebastian D., Adriana M. Otero, Elena Abraham, and Jason Byrne. "Environmental [In]Equity: Accessibility to Green Spaces in a Rapidly Urbanizing Mountain-City." In Human-Nature Interactions, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_10.
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Significance StatementOpen Green Spaces (OGS) provide a range of cultural ecosystems services including health benefits through recreational and tourism opportunities. Rapid and oftentimes unplanned urbanization can result in the loss of OGS, negatively affecting urban dwellers’ health and wellbeing. An example is the rapidly expanding city of San Carlos de Bariloche, located in the Argentinean Patagonia, surrounded by the iconic Nahuel Huapi National Park. The study reported here sought to assess the availability and distribution equity of public OGS in Bariloche. The study found inequalities in access and distribution; ‘wealthier’ neighbourhoods offered more OGS than poorer neighbourhoods. Better regulation of development is required and future land use plans need to preserve and protect future OGS sites and improve access points to existing OGS to ensure more equitable access to diverse natural landscapes.
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Depellegrin, Daniel, Sander van den Burg, Maximillian Felix Schupp, and Lars Johanning. "The Socio-Ecological Dimension of Ocean Multi-Use Platforms." In Human-Nature Interactions, 329–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_26.
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Significance StatementA Multi-Use Platform can integrate different maritime activities into a single sea area. We propose an analytical framework to investigate the socio-ecological benefits and impacts of potential Multi-Use Platforms designs in the Mediterranean and North Sea. The framework uses a marine ecosystem services matrix that has the aim to facilitate knowledge sharing on the ecosystem goods and services a Multi-Use Platform can potentially support and interact with. The results highlight that Multi-Use Platforms provide multiple opportunities for energy generation, food provisioning (e.g. recreational fishing, extractive aquaculture) and cultural services (e.g. coastal recreation, diving, research and monitoring). Further research suggests application of quantitative socio-ecological analysis techniques to measure potential synergies and trade-offs among the multiple activities of the platform.
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Herbeck, Johannes, and Rapti Siriwardane-de Zoysa. "Transformations of Urban Coastal Nature(s): Meanings and Paradoxes of Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Adaptation in Southeast Asia." In Human-Nature Interactions, 61–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_6.
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Significance StatementThis chapter puts into conversation two distinct yet interrelated planning visions – Blue Urbanism as a movement in its own right. driven by the overarching promise of more meaningfully reconnecting coastal cities with their marine ecosystems, and Nature-based solutions, with roots in engineering that encompass a broad range of conservationist and infrastructural interventions rooted in Euro-American sensibilities around (urban) nature. Drawing on urban Southeast Asia for inspiration, namely Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore, the chapter unpicks dominant understandings of “nature” within its concomitant planning paradigms. Particular attention is placed on divergent meanings and contradictions that underpin how urban coastal nature(s) are materially imagined, reproduced and contested through often technical means, utilitarian value-systems, and modes of governing adaptation in its broadest sense.
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Egarter Vigl, Lukas, Daniel Depellegrin, and Ieva Misiune. "Conceptualizing Human–Nature Interactions – An Overview." In Human-Nature Interactions, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_1.
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Significance StatementThe threats posed by climate change and global biodiversity loss are increasingly seen as a major problem for the future of nature and humanity. Significant improvements in the understanding of how human and nature interact are thus required to address both challenges comprehensively. Over the past decade, different nature-based approaches, such as Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Green Infrastructure (GI), and Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP), have enriched the scientific discourse and gained prominence in policy- and decision-making. However, the underlying concepts are vaguely defined, and their systematic uptake is hampered by a lack of clarity over the relationships and overlaps between different nature-based approaches. Here, we discuss recent advances in conceptualizing human–nature interactions with the aim of making these concepts more tangible and applicable for a broader audience.
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Drius, Mita, Alessandra Pugnetti, and Lucia Bongiorni. "Disentangling Trade-Offs Between the State of Coastal Ecosystems with Human Well-Being and Activities as a Strategy Addressing Sustainable Tourism." In Human-Nature Interactions, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_3.
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Significance StatementCoastal tourism is a major driver for the local and regional economy of many Mediterranean areas. At the same time, this industry generates threats that, added to those produced by other coastal human activities, substantially damage the coastal and marine environment. A damaged environment cannot provide many fundamental benefits for coastal tourism itself, such as for instance clear water, coastal protection and natural beauty. We propose a framework for unravelling the threats and benefits related to coastal tourism, and we present two lists of indicators of coastal tourism sustainability, to monitor the impact of coastal tourism on the natural environment (threat indicators), and to assess which threat mitigation measures can counteract it (enabling factor indicators).
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Hanson, Helena I., and Johanna Alkan Olsson. "The Link Between Urban Green Space Planning Tools and Distributive, Procedural and Recognition Justice." In Human-Nature Interactions, 285–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_23.
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Significant StatementClimate change and an increasing urbanisation create pressure on cities in terms of extreme weather events, deteriorated public health and wellbeing and a loss of biodiversity. Urban green spaces, such as parks and street trees, can help to reduce vulnerability and improve living conditions. Planning tools can support decisions on where, what and how much urban green space to save or implement. If used appropriately, planning tools can capture citizens’ needs and foster a more just planning and implementation of urban green spaces. This demands knowledge about the tools, their efficiency and appropriate application, as well as knowledge about the ecosystem and human needs. It also demands adequate technical, time and economic resources, as well as organisational and communication structures that can include citizens in the planning process.
Conference papers on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Rodriguez, Sebastian, Harsh Deep, Drshika Asher, James Schaffer, and Alex Kirlik. "Validating Trust in Human-Robot Interaction through Virtual Reality: Comparing Embodied and "Behind-the-Screen" Interactions." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004408.
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Human-agent interaction is commonplace in our daily lives, manifesting in forms ranging from virtual assistants on websites to embodied agents like robots that we might encounter in a physical setting. Previous research has largely been focused on “behind-the-screen” interactions, but these might not fully encapsulate the nuanced responses humans exhibit towards physically embodied agents. To address this gap, we use virtual reality to examine how simulated physical embodiment and the reliability of an agent (automated robotic crane) influence trust and performance in a task simulating a quality assurance role and compare it to a “behind-the-screen” interaction. Out of 119 participants, the data revealed there is a marked behavioral shift observed when reliability hits a 91% threshold, with no influence from embodiment. Furthermore, participants displayed a tendency to trust and defer to the decisions of embodied agents more, especially when these agents were not infallible. This study accentuates the need for transparency about an agent's capabilities and emphasizes the significance of ensuring that the agent's representation is congruent with the nature of the interaction. Our findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of human-agent interactions, suggesting a future where these interactions might seamlessly blend the virtual and physical realms.
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Covaci, Alexandra, Estevão Bissoli Saleme, Celine Jost, Joel dos Santos, and Gheorghita Ghinea. "SensoryX ’22 Workshop on Multisensory Experiences at ACM IMX ’22." In Workshop on Multisensory Experiences. Brazilian Computing Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sensoryx.2022.20000.
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Our interactions with the world are multisensory in nature - the senses move us through spaces, mix with our memories and are constantly connected by our brains. Focused only on vision for a long time, the field of human computer interaction (HCI) started to meaningfully bring together all our senses in designing interactions for a variety of media. With this workshop, we look at different aspects of multisensory design - from authoring tools to the evaluation of multisensory experiences with the aim of identifying the current challenges and opportunities of mulsemedia.
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Preziuso, Danielle, Gregory Kaminski, and Philip Odonkor. "Understanding the Energy Behavior of Building Occupants Through the Chronology of Their Energy Interactions." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69953.
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Abstract The energy consumption of buildings has traditionally been driven by the consumption habits of building occupants. However, with the proliferation of smart building technologies and appliances, automated machine decisions are beginning to impart their influence on building energy behavior as well. This is giving rise to a disconnect between occupant energy behavior and the overall energy consumption of buildings. Consequently, researchers can no longer leverage building energy consumption as a proxy for understanding human energy behavior. This paper addresses this problem by exploiting the habitual and sequential nature of human energy consumption. By studying the chronology of human energy actions, the results of this work present a promising new approach for non-intrusively learning about human energy behavior directly from building energy demand data.
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Dufraisse, Marc, Lien Wioland, Jean-Jacques Atain-Kouadio, and Julien Cegarra. "Occupational Exoskeletons as Symbionts: Defining Operator-Exoskeleton Interactions." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005058.
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The fourth industrial revolution heralds the emergence of the Operator 4.0, characterized by the augmentation of physical, sensory or cognitive capabilities of workers. This transformation involves a shift from collaborative activities between artificial and human agents toward a more radical coupling of these two entities (Romero et al., 2017). The novel forms of interactions resulting from these couplings no longer precisely align with taxonomies traditionally proposed in ergonomics for relationship between operators and artificial agents. In response, the concept of symbiosis has been introduced to characterize these new human cyber-physical systems (Gerber et al., 2020; Inga et al., 2023). Among the technologies presumed to enhance operators' physical capabilities, occupational exoskeletons are frequently cited. They contribute to the development of the "super strength-operator" aspect of Operator 4.0 (Ruppert et al., 2018). Defined as "wearables, external mechanical structures that enhance the power of a person" (de Looze et al., 2016, p.671), exoskeletons constitute a promising set of technologies in mitigating biomechanical risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (Theurel & Desbrosses, 2019). Currently, attempts to implement exoskeletons in the workplace are accelerating, raising questions about their acceptance by operators (Elprama et al., 2022). Interactions with these devices, as they induce close and permanent contact with the user, are interesting to address from the perspective of symbiotic relationships. However, the qualification of interactions with such devices is not often addressed in the literature. In the multivariate perspective of the symbiosis concept by Inga et al. (2023), the human’s experience of symbiosis consists of four constructs: embodiment, flow state, sense of agency, and acceptance. Then, acceptance represents only one facet of the experience dimension of symbiotic relationships. To comprehensively grasp the challenges associated with the use of exoskeletons and the potential symbiotic relationship between operators and exoskeletons, it is essential to broaden the comprehension of operator-exoskeleton interactions beyond acceptance. An initial step towards achieving this understanding involves clarifying the terminology used to describe interactions between humans and exoskeletons. By positioning exoskeletons as potential symbionts and drawing insights from the ergonomics literature on symbiosis, this article aims to clarify the nature of operator-exoskeleton interactions.
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Georgakopoulou, Nefeli, Dionysios Zamplaras, Sofia Kourkoulakou, and Chu-Yin Chen. "Towards a Sympoietic Relation with Materials in Interactive Artworks." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Paris: Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-59-full-georgakopoulou-et-al-sympoietic.
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In this paper we acknowledge the agency of non-human entities and argue against the binaries of subject/object, mind/body, nature/ culture, science/art towards a new materiality. This new vision of the nature of materiality changes the direction of passive matter into a more active one. Technology has given us the opportunity to characterize and analyze material systems not only by their properties, but also by their potentialities. This leads to a sympoietic relation boundary between human-matter-machine interactions. In the context of an interactive artwork, agency should not be considered as inherent for any of the actors. It is emergent, it is the result of the interactions between the elements and the entities located within a mixed reality environment, as much inside the installation—material, devices, objects, sensors, humans—as at its exterior—such as the cultural context and the artist, for example. This new materiality which is based on an “open material” concept is an emergent and co-constitutive process, continuously becoming in, with and through interactions.
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Seiça, Mariana, Licínio Roque, Pedro Martins, and F. Amílcar Cardoso. "A Systemic Perspective for Sonification Aesthetics." In ICAD 2021: The 26th International Conference on Auditory Display. icad.org: International Community for Auditory Display, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2021.033.
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For more than twenty-five years, the sonification field has been attempting to establish itself as a primary body of knowledge communicating through sound. Despite multiple efforts to embrace the interdisciplinary nature of the field and the subjective nature of sound, we wonder: is the tendency for dealing with such challenges through an objective, functional communication, with a single interpretation criterion, limiting the epistemic boundaries of action? How can a subjectively perceived medium such as sound be embraced in all its aesthetic dimensions? We propose a conceptual transition through the reframing of a sonification as a living system for creating aesthetic experiences. This will be achieved by drawing notions from phenomenology, embodied perception, human-computer interaction and soundscape theory. A systemic sonification distinguishes itself as an ever-evolving system built on dynamic structures that actively responds to changes in its environment and interactions from surrounding beings. Driven by a series of emerging concepts of non-linearity, networks, nested systems and intertwined relationships, the system’s resilience and adaptability grows with each interaction, recentring the human protagonist as the weaver of his/her aesthetic experience through a self-transcendent process that expands the perception field.
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Janny, Benedikt, Robert Klank, Julian Glandorf, Frank Wacker, Bennet Hensen, and Julia Moritz. "Human Factors Validation of Collaborative Medical Workflows Through Multi-User Workflow Simulation: A Case Study in Interventional Radiology." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004847.
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This paper challenges the traditional focus on individual 1on1 sessions during workflow simulations and usability testing, which often fail to capture the collaborative nature of medical workflows. To overcome this, a human factors and workflow simulation lab was developed within the research campus STIMULATE. The paper describes the conception, development, and operational capabilities of the lab particularly focusing on collaborative human factors assessment. A novel methodology, based on hierarchical task analysis, is introduced. It breaks down complex workflows into subtasks and assigns them to specific user groups, such as Radiologists and Radiologic Technologists, capturing the intricacies of user interactions in specialized medical environments. The lab’s first validation study is presented using the example of the simulation of an image-guided interventional liver biopsy. The study demonstrates the lab's ability to accurately replicate a high percentage of tasks performed by medical professionals in complex procedures, thereby confirming its effectiveness in modelling collaborative medical workflows. It emphasizes the importance of detailed task-level workflow segmentation for analysing human-machine and human-human interactions and introduces specific metrics for measuring usability dimensions like effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.
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Medina, José Manuel, Tatiana Herreros, Pamela De Barca, and Carolina Crovetto. "PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL REINTEGRATION PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY IN CHILE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end046.
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In Chile, despite the great coverage achieved, there are still children and adolescents who leave school without being able to complete 12 years of compulsory education (Casen, 2015); moreover, among the countries that make up the OECD, Chile is in the first places of deschooling (TALIS, 2013). This marginalization from the school system is affecting a significant number of children and hindering areas of integration and social development, which accentuates processes of social exclusion and violation of rights in Chile (Casen, 2015; Mide-UC, 2016; Mineduc, 2017). This is reinforced by pedagogical practices that strengthen these probabilities of failure (Román, 2013). The phenomenon of school reintegration has little evidence in relation to the human and technical component in school reintegration processes, either locally (Mide-UC, 2016; UNESCO-UNICEF-Chilean Association of Municipalities, 2012), or internationally (CEPAL, 2010; Contreras et al, 2014; Sucre, 2016), which implies observing and analyzing pedagogical intervention practices in these contexts, in terms of how these dialogical-reflective relational dynamics between teachers and children and adolescents are developed, from the perspective of pedagogical interactions, an area of growing interest in educational sciences, which looks at more than the action itself, at how and what happens in the interaction. (Colomina et al, 2001) This research from a qualitative, transactional approach, oriented from the perspective of descriptive studies (Hernández,et al, 2010) and enriched with the symbolic interactionism of Blumer (1969), whose contributions indicate that the nature of the teaching-learning processes can only be unraveled through direct examination, seeks to understand pedagogical intervention practices from the perspective of pedagogical interactions which are developed between teachers and their students, within the framework of the specialized protection programs in school reintegration implemented in Chile by the National Service for Minors of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, in vulnerable sectors of the communes of Talca, Region of Maule and La Pintana, Metropolitan Region. The analysis through the theoretical and empirical contributions provided by the scientific evidence on pedagogical interactions, in terms of how they are configured, deployed and how these pedagogical intervention practices are perceived by the actors involved, added to the findings obtained, provides an opportunity to innovate by allowing the observation of school reintegration as a scenario of human relations and to deepen around this professional action as a critical element, constituting the improvement of teaching and effectiveness in school reintegration processes.
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Chen, Hanyuan, Jun-Yan He, Wangmeng Xiang, Zhi-Qi Cheng, Wei Liu, Hanbing Liu, Bin Luo, Yifeng Geng, and Xuansong Xie. "HDFormer: High-order Directed Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimation." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/65.
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Human pose estimation is a challenging task due to its structured data sequence nature. Existing methods primarily focus on pair-wise interaction of body joints, which is insufficient for scenarios involving overlapping joints and rapidly changing poses. To overcome these issues, we introduce a novel approach, the High-order Directed Transformer (HDFormer), which leverages high-order bone and joint relationships for improved pose estimation. Specifically, HDFormer incorporates both self-attention and high-order attention to formulate a multi-order attention module. This module facilitates first-order "joint-joint", second-order "bone-joint", and high-order "hyperbone-joint" interactions, effectively addressing issues in complex and occlusion-heavy situations. In addition, modern CNN techniques are integrated into the transformer-based architecture, balancing the trade-off between performance and efficiency. HDFormer significantly outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) models on Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP datasets, requiring only 1/10 of the parameters and significantly lower computational costs. Moreover, HDFormer demonstrates broad real-world applicability, enabling real-time, accurate 3D pose estimation. The source code is in https://github.com/hyer/HDFormer.
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Smith, Lachlan J., Sharon Byers, John J. Costi, and Nicola L. Fazzalari. "The Roles of Elastic Fibres and Glycosaminoglycans in the Radial Tensile Mechanics of the Human Lumbar Anulus Fibrosus." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175954.
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The anulus fibrosus of the human lumbar disc has a complex, hierarchical structure comprised of collagen, proteoglycan and elastic fibres [1,2]. Individually and through interactions, these constituents govern the complex, anisotropic mechanical reponse of the anulus; the exact nature of their contributions, however, remains unclear [3]. In the radial direction, mechanical behaviour is heterogeneous, varies with degenerative condition, and is thought to be governed largely by the matrix at lamellar interfaces [4,5]. The objectives of this study were to quantify the contributions made by both elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans to the radial tensile reponse of the human lumbar anulus, using a combination of targeted enzymatic degradation and biomechanical testing.
Reports on the topic "Human-Nature Interactions"
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Breman, Bas, Arjen Buijs, Thomas Mattijssen, Nienke Nuesink, and Simone van den Burg. (Re)shaping human-nature interactions through digital technologies : A literature review of the mediating role of digital technologies in human nature relations. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/577353.
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Nishi, Makiko, and Suneetha M. Subramanian. Landscape Approaches to Ecosystem Restoration: Lessons Learned from Managing Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes Seascapes. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/svih2509.
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Landscape approaches help to effectively facilitate ecosystem restoration for the benefit of people and nature, by leveraging Indigenous and local knowledge and enhancing context-specific cooperation between stakeholders. The process of applying landscape approaches to ecosystem restoration should be multi-lateral, iterative and inclusive. It needs to be navigated by communicating and interacting with stakeholders across different sectors and levels. Recommendations: (i) start at the landscape or seascape scale to identify and mobilize local resources and capacities for long-term restoration efforts; (ii) promote peer learning and knowledge sharing to develop integrated solutions for restoration and sustainable development, and upscale them for broader impact; (iii) institutionalize local restoration efforts as part of coherent policies and frameworks to facilitate systemic change in human–nature interactions.
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Hassell, James M., Salome A. Bukachi, Dishon M. Muloi, Emi Takahashi, and Lydia Franklinos. The Natural Environment and Health in Africa. World Wildlife Fund and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/10088/111281.
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Much of recent human development has come at the expense of Nature - undermining ecosystems, fragmenting habitats, reducing biodiversity, and increasing our exposure and vulnerability to emerging diseases. For example, as we push deeper into tropical forests, and convert more land to agriculture and human settlements, the rate at which people encounter new pathogens that may trigger the next public health, social and economic crisis, is likely to increase. Expanding and strengthening our understanding of the links between nature and human health is especially important in Africa, where nature brings economic prosperity and wellbeing to more than a billion people. Pandemics such as COVID are just one of a growing number of health challenges that humanity is facing as a result of our one-sided and frequently destructive relationship with nature. This report aims to inform professionals and decision-makers on how health outcomes emerge from human interactions with the natural world and identify how efforts to preserve the natural environment and sustainably manage natural resources could have an impact on human and animal health. While the report focuses on the African continent, it will also be of relevance to other areas of the world facing similar environmental pressures.
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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Daniela Diz. Second Workshop report: Mobilising the science community in progessing towards a sustainable and inclusive ocean economy. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23693.
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Across the Blue Economy, science must play a fundamental role in moving us away from business as usual to a more sustainable pathway. It provides evidence to inform policy by understanding baselines, trends and tipping points, as well as the multiple and interacting effects of human activities and policy interventions. Measuring progress depends on strong evidence and requires the design of a monitoring framework based on well-defined objectives and indicators, informed by the diverse disciplines required to inform progress on cross-cutting policy objectives such as the Just Transition. The differences between the scientific and policy processes are stark and affect interaction between them, including, among other factors, the time pressures of governmental decision-making, and the lack of support and reward in academia for policy engagement. To enable improved integration, the diverse nature of the science / policy interface is important to recognise – improved communication between scientists and policy professionals within government is important, as well as interaction with the wider academic community through secondments and other mechanisms. Skills in working across boundaries are valuable, requiring training and professional recognition. We also discussed the science needs across the themes of the Just Transition, Sustainable Seafood, Nature-based Solutions and the Circular Economy, where we considered: • What research and knowledge can help us manage synergies and trade-offs? • Where is innovation needed to promote synergies? • What type of indicators, data and evidence are needed to measure progress? The insights developed through dialogue among participants on these themes are outlined in Section 4 of this report.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset, and Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.
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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich, and David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
Full textAbstract:
The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. Learning from Nature How to Design Anti-insect Selective Pesticides - Clarification of the Interacting Face between Insecticidal Toxins and their Na-channel Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697101.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Structural details on the interacting faces of toxins and sodium channels (Navs), and particularly identification of elements that confer specificity for insects, are difficult to approach and require suitable experimental systems. Therefore, natural toxins capable of differential recognition of insect and mammalian Navs are valuable leads for design of selective compounds in insect control. We have characterized several scorpion toxins that vary in preference for insect and mammalian Navs, and identified residues important for their action. However, despite many efforts worldwide, only little is known about the receptor sites of these toxins, and particularly on differences between these sites on insect and mammalian Navs. Another problem arises from the massive overuse of chemical insecticides, which increases resistance buildup among various insect pests. A possible solution to this problem is to combine different insecticidal compounds, especially those that provide synergic effects. Our recent finding that combinations of insecticidal receptor site-3 toxins (sea anemone and scorpion alpha) with scorpion beta toxins or their truncated derivatives are synergic in toxicity to insects is therefore timely and strongly supports this approach. Our ability to produce toxins and various Navs in recombinant forms, enable thorough analysis and structural manipulations of both toxins and receptors. On this basis we propose to (1) restrict by mutagenesis the activity of insecticidal scorpion -toxins and sea anemone toxins to insects, and clarify the molecular basis of their synergic toxicity with antiinsect selective -toxins; (2) identify Nav elements that interact with scorpion alpha and sea anemone toxins and those that determine toxin selectivity to insects; (3) determine toxin-channel pairwise side-chain interactions by thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis using our large collection of mutant -toxins and Nav mutants identified in aim 2; (4) clarify the mode of interaction of truncated -toxins with insect Navs, and elucidate how they enhance the activity of insecticidal site-3 toxins. This research may lead to rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health and the environment, and will establish the grounds for a new strategy in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increase insecticidal action and reduce risks of resistance buildup.
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. face of interaction of anti-insect selective toxins with receptor site-3 on voltage-gated sodium channels as a platform for design of novel selective insecticides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699857.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play a pivotal role in excitability and are a prime target of insecticides like pyrethroids. Yet, these insecticides are non-specific due to conservation of Navs in animals, raising risks to the environment and humans. Moreover, insecticide overuse leads to resistance buildup among insect pests, which increases misuse and risks. This sad reality demands novel, more selective, insect killers whose alternative use would avoid or reduce this pressure. As highly selective insect toxins exist in venomous animals, why not exploit this gift of nature and harness them in insect pest control? Many of these peptide toxins target Navs, and since their direct use via transformed crop plants or mediator microorganisms is problematic in public opinion, we focus on the elucidation of their receptor binding sites with the incentive of raising knowledge for design of toxin peptide mimetics. This approach is preferred nowadays by agro-industries in terms of future production expenses and public concern. However, characterization of a non-continuous epitope, that is the channel receptor binding site for such toxins, requires a suitable experimental system. We have established such a system within more than a decade and reached the stage where we employ a number of different insect-selective toxins for the identification of their receptor sites on Navs. Among these toxins we wish to focus on those that bind at receptor site-3 and inhibit Nav inactivation because: (1) We established efficient experimental systems for production and manipulation of site-3 toxins from scorpions and sea anemones. These peptides vary in size and structure but compete for site-3 on insect Navs. Moreover, these toxins exhibit synergism with pyrethroids and with other channel ligands; (2) We determined their bioactive surfaces towards insect and mammalian receptors (see list of publications); (3) We found that despite the similar mode of action on channel inactivation, the preference of the toxins for insect and mammalian channel subtypes varies greatly, which can direct us to structural features in the basis of selectivity; (4) We have identified by channel loop swapping and point mutagenesis extracellular segments of the Navinvolved with receptor site-3. On this basis and using channel scanning mutagenesis, neurotoxin binding, electrophysiological analyses, and structural data we offer: (i) To identify the residues that form receptor site-3 at insect and mammalian Navs; (ii) To identify by comparative analysis differences at site-3 that dictate selectivity toward various Navs; (iii) To exploit the known toxin structures and bioactive surfaces for modeling their docking at the insect and mammalian channel receptors. The results of this study will enable rational design of novel anti-insect peptide mimetics with minimized risks to human health and to the environment. We anticipate that the release of receptor site-3 molecular details would initiate a worldwide effort to design peptide mimetics for that site. This will establish new strategies in insect pest control using alternative insecticides and the combined use of compounds that interact allosterically leading to increased efficiency and reduced risks to humans or resistance buildup among insect pests.
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Mosello, Beatrice, Christian König, Emily Wright, and Gareth Price. Rethinking human mobility in the face of global changes. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc010.
Full textAbstract:
Migration and displacement related to climate change have received increasing attention in the media, in research and among policymakers in recent years. A range of studies have produced extremely concerning statistics and forecasts about the potential scale of migration and displacement due to climate change now and in the future. For example, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre calculated that in 2019 alone almost 25 million people were displaced by disasters such as floods and tropical storms – three times the number displaced by conflict and violence (IDMC 2020a). The World Bank’s 2018 Groundswell report estimated that, if substantial climate change mitigation and development measures are not taken, slow-onset climate impacts could displace as many as 143 million people in just three world regions, or 55 percent of the developing world’s population, by 2050 (Rigaud et al. 2018). These kinds of figures have been widely reported and drive the prevailing narrative in media and policy debates that climate change will lead to mass migration and displacement, which, in turn, can lead to conflict. There is empirical evidence that rising temperatures, leading to disasters and slow-onset impacts such as drought or sea-level rise are already playing a role in setting people across the world on the move, and these numbers are likely to increase as climate change impacts intensify (UNINE n.d.; IOM’s GMDAC 2020). However, the links between climate change, migration, displacement and conflict are complex, and vary widely between contexts. The growing community of research on this topic has warned that, without an adequate understanding of the pathways of mobility, predictions of millions of climate migrants and displaced people can cast responses in alarmistic and counter-productive tones (Flavell et al. 2020). Policy on displacement, migration and climate change can therefore profit from investing in fine-grained analyses of the different factors shaping human mobility, and using them to support the development of effective responses that address the needs of migrants, as well as their home and destination communities. Along these lines, this paper examines the interaction between biophysical climate impacts, migration, displacement and (in)security. It aims to go beyond the prevailing narratives to better understand the different ways in which mobility can serve as an adaptive strategy to climate- and conflict-related risks and vulnerabilities. It also aims to assess how effective mobility is as an adaptation strategy and will continue to be in light of other stresses, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on two case studies, Bangladesh and Central Asia, each presenting different human mobility pathways. It adopts a diversity lens to consider how the success/effectiveness of mobility strategies is sensitive to the position of individuals in society and the opportunities they have. It also considers how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the ability of climate-vulnerable populations to use mobility as an effective adaptation strategy, considering movement restrictions, increased unemployment in cities, reduced opportunities for seasonal work (e.g. in the agriculture sector), return migration and impacts on remittance flows. In conclusion, the paper makes recommendations to inform governments in countries of origin and international development and humanitarian policies and programmes in relation to mobility and climate change/security, including those of the EU and EU member states. Firstly, climate-induced mobility should be included in and addressed through broader adaptation and development efforts, for example building urban infrastructure, promoting nature-based adaptation, and ensuring adequate social protection and education. Policies and legal frameworks on migration and displacement in countries of origin should also be strengthened, ensuring the coordination between existing policies at all levels. Global cooperation will be essential to build international standards. And finally, all programming should be supported by an improved knowledge base on climate-induced migration and displacement, including gender- and age- disaggregated data.
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CIE 245:2021 Optical Safety of Infrared Eye Trackers Applied for Extended Durations. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.245.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Infrared eye trackers are employed to achieve communication through gaze interaction, which is an important application of modern electro-optics and computer technology to the benefit of persons with disabilities who have major motor impairments, as well as for general use as a human-to-computer interaction device. By tracking eye movements of persons with severe motor disabilities, the individuals can interact with automated equipment through movements of their gaze. In addition to purely passive systems, which may only employ ambient lighting, more typical eye trackers employ active infrared eye-tracking techniques. However, questions have arisen with regard to the potential optical radiation hazards of using infrared eye trackers for the much-extended durations of 10 to 12 hours each day for a lifetime. Conventional eye trackers employed in the research setting would rarely be used for more than an hour. Several exposure guidelines exist today, but the question has arisen whether the chronic nature of exposure for such an infrared illuminator for assistive devices falls outside the assumed conditions of daily exposure. This technical report explores the basis of the current human exposure guidelines, their scientific basis and underlying assumptions in order to determine the direct applicability of these guidelines to this application. It is found that the most limiting exposure criterion is the infrared exposure limit to protect against delayed changes in the crystalline lens of the eye. The Technical Committee also examined some representative eye trackers and found that the day-long average exposure in these typical examples of current technology did not exceed that criterion.