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1
Abrahamsson, Elin, and My Ekelund. "Human Exposure from Mercury in Rice in the Philippines." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253019.
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In the western part of the Philippines, in the Palawan province, studies have shown that large quantities of mercury are spread to the surrounding area during heavy rainfall. In addition, mercury is spread to rice fields and bioaccumulated in marine fish and seafood. The mercury originates from the abandoned Palawan Quicksilver Mine. Since mercury is toxic for the human body and new studies have shown that mercury accumulates in rice, it is important to investigate human exposure from mercury in rice. This project investigates the total amount of mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulated in rice, soil and water from four different rice fields in Palawan. The soil samples have been taken directly from the fields and water samples have been taken from nearby streams and springs. Rice grains harvested earlier this year from the same fields have been collected from farmers. The soil, water and rice samples were analyzed in Manila and rice samples were as well analyzed in Sweden and China. Furthermore, this project contains a dietary survey and calculation of daily exposure values of MeHg. The survey investigates how often people eat fish and rice and if they have dental amalgam. It also investigates possible health problems related to mercury exposure from rice and fish consumption. The analyses from China show that rice samples from all barangays contain total mercury and MeHg. Analyses from Sweden also show that rice from the barangays contains total mercury but the levels were found to be higher than the ones analyzed in China. Furthermore, the health problems found in the diet survey were hard to relate to mercury exposure from rice since the health problems can be caused by other factors. When calculating daily exposure values, the values were found to be as high as the recommended maximum acceptable daily intake in one of the barangays. There might therefore be a risk of eating rice from these four barangays. It is important to consider that these daily exposure values were only based on MeHg exposure from rice consumption, not taking dental amalgam and fish consumption into consideration. This means that the daily exposure values might be even higher than the ones calculated in this study.
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Damsani, Maduh A. "The effect of religiosity on fertility : a case of the Muslims in Southern Philippines." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117058.
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This study is an investigation of the effect of
religiosity on fertility among the adherents of Islam,
specifically on the three Muslim ethnic groups in southern
Philippines, the Sama of Tawi-Tawi, the Yakan of Basilan and
the Tausug of Sulu. The data are derived from the KAP
Survey Among Muslim Couples in Region IX (Western Mindanao),
1981 conducted by the Western Mindanao State University.
The findings from the analysis confirmed the general
hypothesis that the greater the degree of religious
commitment or religiosity the higher the fertility. Muslim
couples who scored higher on the religiosity index exhibited
higher fertility (as measured by mean number of children
ever born) and had larger family size ideals than did those
who scored lower. An inverted U-shaped association was
shown between religiosity and number of family planning
methods known.
The positive relationship between religiosity and
fertility was shown by both cross-tabulation and multiple
classification analysis (MCA) even after controlling for
some demographic and socio-economic factors. However,
religiosity was not as strong a predictor of the three
fertility-related variables used in this study in comparison
to other determinants of fertility. Education was the most
important predictor followed by husband's occupation and
ethnicity.
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Ventajar, Danilo. "Human Rights Perspectives in Insolvency." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23241.
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What human rights or fundamental rights of stakeholders do insolvency norms and laws affect? Will a human rights perspective help in striking a balance between the affected stakeholders? These are the primary questions addressed in this thesis. The idea that human rights values are relevant to he theoretical discussion about insolvency policy is relatively novel. Insolvency after all conjures images of banks and other creditors who are simply attempting to recover their investment. A thorough examination of the dynamics of insolvency however reveals that insolvency is not just about debt collection. It is a complex process that also implicates interests and stakes beyond the interest of banks and other creditors. Globalization further exacerbates this complexity, more so under circumstances of economic decline in the world economy. Using literature review and interdisciplinary or critical legal analysis as methods, the thesis analyzes the axiology of corporate insolvency. While “law and economics” has been identified as an influential value in policy formulation, normative values like human rights were identified to be equally relevant. The thesis draws upon stakeholder theory and corporate responsibility vis-à-vis human rights law to lay the foundation for stakeholder conflict analysis in the context of corporate insolvencies. Concluding that the likely conflict situations in corporate insolvency involve human rights, the thesis suggests the use of the proportionality principle as a balancing tool. In the functional part of the thesis, the author analyzes the relevant provisions of the Philippine insolvency law and singles out the conceptual disconnect of the law with mainstream stakeholder theory in the way it defines the term “stakeholder.”
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Arcenas, Maria Teresa L. Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Human rights protection beyond state borders : a study of national laws on anti-trafficking in women in the Philippines and in Malaysia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4637983.pdf.
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O'Donnell, Shawn Alden. "Human-rainforest interactions in Island Southeast Asia : Holocene vegetation history in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) and Palawan (western Philippines)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271809.
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This research employs a modern analogue approach to examine relationships between pollen, vegetation change, and land use in the tropical environments of Island Southeast Asia over the past ~5000 years. Interpretation of fossil pollen data relies upon uniformitarian principles. Few modern pollen- vegetation studies from the region exist, and those that do have focused on climatic or ecological aims. Main contributions of this study are: the collection and analysis of modern botanical data and pollen assemblages from various human-modified and ‘natural’ vegetation types; and the comparison of this modern dataset with fossil pollen sequences in order to test hypotheses relating to signatures of past land use. Some fossil assemblages showed statistical similarity with those from modern ‘cultured’ landscapes, whilst others aligned more closely with those from natural vegetation. Cores from the northern Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, contain assemblages from 1700 cal BP onwards that are similar to those produced by modern arboriculture; a core from the southern Highlands contains fossil assemblages as old as 2000 cal BP that align with those from modern wet rice paddies. These ages coincide with the earliest archaeological dates from nearby sites. Earlier vegetation changes appear to relate to edaphic development and climatic fluctuations. In northern Palawan, western Philippines, the first fossil pollen sequence from the island records post-5000 cal BP marine regression, hydrological fluctuations that are likely related to ENSO cyclicities, and persistence of open landscapes with minor evidence of closed forest after 2750 cal BP. This contrasts with existing proxy data that imply increasingly closed forest through the Holocene. In a region where direct archaeobotanical evidence is sparse, and little modern pollen- vegetation work has been done, this research contributes to clarifying modes and timings of changes in subsistence-related disturbance, as well as bolstering recent interpretations from other palaeoclimatic proxies for ENSO intensification from ~4000 cal BP. These results, and those from similar future studies, can provide baseline data for long-term monitoring and conservation initiatives.
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Newnham, Michael Paul. "Comparing the experience of emotional labour between hotel workers in the Philippines and Australia, and implications for human resource development." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9410.
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This thesis addresses a neglected aspect in the emotional labour literature by seeking to identify the impact of societal culture on how service workers perform emotional labour and its effect on their wellbeing, in terms of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation dimensions of burnout. Its original contribution lies in using respondents residing in two contrasting cultures, the Philippines and Australia. The research instrument brings together the INDCOL survey, Emotional Labour Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and job autonomy questions from the Job Diagnostic Survey. Data is analysed from 734 surveys completed by guest-contact workers; hypotheses are tested using the independent samples t-test in SPSS. Meaningful results mainly emerge from comparing responses filtered according to how respondents describe themselves on the INDCOL dimensions rather than by their countries of residence, highlighting the importance of identifying individual-level differences within societies rather than relying on overall descriptions of culture, for such comparative purposes. Respondents report higher levels of burnout when using surface-acting more frequently, and lower levels of burnout when using deep-acting more often. Further, they report similar levels of deep-acting and burnout, and those who report high job autonomy also report lower levels of burnout. Higher levels of burnout are reported by individualists who use surface-acting more frequently. The significance of these findings is the emergence of similar results among respondents in the contrasting culture of the Philippines. The final key finding is that respondents who perform high levels of emotional labour and who experience high job autonomy report less depersonalisation in Australia than the Philippines. Overall, these findings support the usefulness of applying culturally sensitive HRD interventions in the Philippines as well as Australia, to increase the ability of service workers to perform sincere emotional labour and replace negative consequences with positive outcomes for workers, customers and hotels.
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Natividad, Beverly Romero. "Rendering whiteness visible in the Filipino culture through skin-whitening cosmetic advertisements." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2974.
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Marino, Valentina. "European Union: a Conditioned Normative Power , the campaign against death penalty in China and the Philippines." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1121.
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The aim of the present work is to demonstrate that the European Union s power variation, both in terms of nature puissance- and in terms of power exercised pouvoir, is the variable that best explains the EU s success or failure in a specific area of its human rights policy: the campaign against the death penalty. This analysis will lead to the definition of the European Union as a Conditioned Normative Power (CNP) in the global system, a revisitation of the classic concept of Normative Power Europe elaborated by Manners (2002).
After and extensive literature review on the concept of power and on the EU's forms of power, this work focuses on two Asian countries China and the Philippines, chosen because the most dissimilar cases form many reasons including the entity of their bilateral relations with the European Union, the proportion of the use of death penalty, and the current position toward capital punishment (abolition/maintaining). The two empirical cases studied are compared to identify the independent variables that drive two different outcomes (abolition/maintaining) in relation to the dependent variable. i.e. the European Union s normative power.
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Widerberg, Serak Micha. "Putting capital punishment to rest : A qualitative study of capital punishment and human rights in China and the Philippines." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75561.
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The situation of the influence of human rights issues related to capital punishment has for long been a matter of debate, especially regarding the retention and abolition of the death penalty. Various countries have, during the 20th century, changed their laws and approach on capital punishment with the implementation and adoption of human rights conventions. Opinions and actions taken from international actors like the United Nations and Amnesty International will be analyzed in this thesis as these could contribute in the understanding of the human rights movement which, during the last century, has changed many countries strict retentionist approach on capital punishment to an abolitionist view. The People’s Republic of China and the Philippines will be implemented as case studies in this thesis which aims to investigate if and how human rights issues are influencing capital punishment in these two countries. The concept of legitimacy will be used as theoretical framework in order to identify changes within three sub-concepts of legitimacy namely morality, legality, and constitutionality. These concepts will, with the help of legitimacy, offer an explanation of how the case studies have handled human rights issues in relation to the death penalty. The arguments behind the decision making of laws, regulations and policies in China and the Philippines will also be of interest in the answering of the research question as these arguments could act as changes within legality and constitutionality. Regarding the moral stand behind the practice of capital punishment, the concept of morality will assist this thesis in the explaining and understanding of the ethics behind the choice of the death penalty. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that social structures such as history, culture, politics, and norms are important aspects in the decision- and law making of capital punishment in China and the Philippines. Obstacles identified are linked to the approach on the death penalty from the governments which, in both case studies, have a history of neglecting human rights issues. However, as China has started to reconsider their stand on capital punishment, the Philippine regime has implemented an even stricter approach on the death penalty which demonstrates that the matter of human rights issues regarding capital punishment, in the two case studies, is a complicated battle between retention and abolition and the contest of legitimacy.
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Lekman, Hansen Camilla, and Lena Pedersen. "The Need for Play and Creativity in Children’s Rehabilitation Process: a Field Study in the Philippines." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21168.
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De förhållanden som många filippinska barn lever under stämmer inte överens med de rättigheter de har under barnkonventionen. Extrem fattigdom och utbredd korruption gör att människor lever under svåra livsförhållanden och de värst utsatta är barnen. Den filippinska staten varken respekterar, skyddar eller uppfyller dess skyldigheter under internationell lag. Därför måste andra aktörer, som olika NGOs, ta på sig ansvaret för att barnens behov ska bli uppfyllda. Många barn från försummande och utnyttjande situationer är i behov av rehabilitering.Denna uppsats är baserad på en fältstudie med fokus på det arbete som två NGOs på Filippinerna utför för att ge barn tillbaka deras förlorade barndom. Syftet är att väcka uppmärksamhet kring de behov som barn har för deras utveckling och välbefinnande, speciellt behovet av lek och kreativitet, två behov som tenderar att komma i skymundan i arbetet för barnets bästa.<br>The situation of children in the Philippines is not in accordance with the rights stipulated under the CRC. The extreme poverty and widespread corruption in the country creates an abusive and neglectful environment for people, with children being the most severely affected. The Philippine state does not appear to respect, protect and fulfil its obligations under international law. Other agents, such as NGOs therefore assume responsibility to fulfil the needs of children. Many children are maltreated and in need of rehabilitation.This thesis is based on a field study focusing on the work performed by two NGOs in the Philippines that help children renew their lost childhood. The aim is to draw attention to the needs the child has in their development and wellbeing, especially the need for play and creativity. Two needs that tend to get overlooked in the assessment of the best interest of the child.
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Importante, Gilbert. "Learning through techno-human entwinement: Implications for the adoption of technologies drawn from agricultural and ICT interventions in the Philippines." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16877.
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In developing countries, such as the Philippines, there is great concern among educational, government and non-government organizations regarding the implementation of agricultural technologies delivered through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), at both regional and national levels. While these types of introduced technologies are discussed in the literature of organizational practice, they are largely absent in studies of management and informal education. This study seeks to address this paucity by investigating the entwinement (i.e. process of interweaving) of humans and this type of introduced technologies through the theoretical perspectives of sociomateriality (i.e. interweaving of human and technologies) and sensemaking (i.e. giving meaning to experience). More specifically, it examines how farmers learn through a process of interweaving with one specific intervention – use of ICT to learn agricultural technologies. Using the theoretical perspective of sociomateriality (Orlikowski, 2008; Leonardi, 2012) to examine farmers’ views on the affordances of interventions, this study illustrates how their learning is bound up in an ever-deepening entwinement with the technology through which it is delivered. In addition, this study investigates the processes, which lead to its adoption, through the perspective of sensemaking (Weick, 2005). Conducted as an ethnographic case study, this research draws on observations of farmers’ practices for over four months in two Farmers Information and Technology Services (FITS) centres in Region XI, in the Philippines. These centres aimed to deliver agricultural technologies through ICT. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. Participants included 32 farmers, two FITS managers, an instructional designer, five FITS/village staff members, a farmer scientist, and three community and farmer group leaders. As to the findings related to the possibility of an action to an object, it indicates that participant’s perspectives can be grouped in three distinct ways namely: as a bundle of technical features inherent in the properties of technological tools (e.g., sending email, viewing diseases), as design features of the services provided and as relations between these features. These perspectives appear to build on one another, resulting in ongoing improvement and the emergence of new technologies, routines, affordances, and the altered perception of new constraints. This expansion of perception results in a shift from individual to group affordances. Through the perspective of sensemaking (Weick, 2005), this study identifies two types of sensemakers among the farmers: minimal sensemakers and reflective sensemakers. It also reveals two new influences, previously unrecognized in the literature which resulted to limited sensemaking: a) external affordances (e.g., subsidies) and b) the emergence of a cultural trait, “gaya-gaya” (i.e. imitation). Moreover, these results further illustrate how the sensemaking process is made visible when viewed from a sociomaterial perspective. Using the assumptions of the sociomaterial perspective that learning is made visible in practice, this study found that participants progressed through three stages, namely: figuring, configuring and reconfiguring. Findings indicate that during ‘figuring’, the farmers engaged in various learning processes by observing others and engaging in verbal exchanges (e.g., linking new abstract ideas with material objects, organizing ideas, and verbal referencing). In ‘configuring’, farmers learned by experimentation, storytelling, group learning and the integration of sociomaterial objects in farming routines. During ‘reconfiguring’, farmers engaged in experimentation that focused on the creation of new knowledge and understanding, and the manipulation of new artefacts. The findings of this study are vital for understanding how an individual’s perspectives, sensemaking and ways of learning lead to adoption. It contributes to the literature new insights into the process of entwinement between individuals and interventions using the perspectives of sociomateriality and sensemaking in the context of informal education in a developing country.
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Holgersson, Karolina. "Is There Anybody Out There? : Illegal Abortion, Social Work, Advocacy and Interventions in the Philippines." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1819.
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Unsafe abortion is a worldwide reproductive health issue and a contributing factor of high numbers of maternal death in the developing world. Many international conferences and assemblies acknowledge the issue and urge governments to take action. Abortion is a phenomenon surrounded by strong opinions, many times regulated by restrictive laws as well as socio-ethical, religious and cultural norms. Factors often active in making abortion a clandestine procedure which take place under unsafe conditions.The Philippines have one of the most restrictive laws on abortion in the world, but it does not diminish the occurrence of abortion in the country. There is unmet need for family planning that in turn makes way for unwanted pregnancies ending in unsafe abortion. Attempts in congress aiming at providing universal reproductive health service are being opposed and the issue of abortion is surrounded by its criminal ban and a great social stigma. The Roman Catholic Church is very present in the Philippine society and also offers a powerful voice against abortion and equally rejects modern contraception.This study look into how the issue of abortion – under its criminal ban – is being dealt with and if there are any actors/groups/organisations of social work, within the reproductive health sector or women’s organisations acting upon this, making abortion an issue and a part of their work. It asks if there is any advocacy for abortion in the Philippines and any interventions for the women concerned. If so, how is abortion spoken about and understood and how is that notion put into action? Groups are identified as either anti-abortion or pro-abortion, two discourses addressing abortion as a public health issue in fundamentally different ways.There are groups that might not be public about their opinion being pro-abortion, as they do not wish to get on the wrong side of the general opinion or negatively affect their reputation. Some pro-abortion groups are found acting against the law by providing safe abortions for these women. Trough social constructivist glasses this study look at the structure surrounding abortion in the Philippines, analysing how these discourses are being reconstructed and transferred under different postulations as anti-abortion or pro-abortion.
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Back, Lilibeth. "Informal economy in the context of globalization and urban gentrification : the case of small-scale farmer-vendors in the City of Naga, Philippines." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169838.
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Balais-Serrano, Evelyn Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "An analysis of the United States position on the international criminal court and its effect on the ratification process in the Philippines : some implications for Southeast Asia /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd368/4236014.pdf.
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Kampenhuber, Lukas [Verfasser], and Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Vollan. "Disaster resilience and causal linkages between natural disasters and human behavior: A longitudinal case study with victims of typhoon Yolanda in Panay, Philippines / Lukas Kampenhuber ; Betreuer: Björn Vollan." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1203237928/34.
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Ford, Catherine. "Filipina Nurses in the National Health Service: The push and pull factors behind international migration to the United Kingdom." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22801.
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PRINA, MANUELA. "Politiche sul capitale umano e sviluppo: il caso della Filippine dal 1974." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/118.
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La tesi intende analizzare i nessi tra politiche di investimento in capitale umano e sviluppo, attraverso il caso specifico delle Filippine. Alla luce dei risultati del caso paese la tesi suggerisce come la teoria classica sul capitale umano sia ancora valida nel panorama odierno nelle sue affermazioni di base. Alcuni fenomeni globali tuttavia richiedano una rivisitazione della teoria classica ed introducono nuove variabili nello studio dell'efficacia ed efficienza degli investimenti in capitale umano. Nel caso specifico delle Filippine, la tesi si sofferma sull'evoluzione storica delle politiche sul capitale umano nel paese, raggiungendo l'obiettivo di analizzarle in relazione alla crescita economica, la riduzione della poverta' e poi, in modo piu' specifico, misurando i ritorni a livello individuale e pubblico sugli investimenti fatti in capitale umano dal 1974. Il ruolo del governo emerge come fattore critico nel guidare le politiche di sviluppo del paese.<br>The relationship between human capital policies and development is analyzed through a case study of the Philippines. The case study evidences the validity of the principal assumptions of classical human capital theory. Emerging global issues, however, point to the need for introducing new factors and variables in the study of human capital policies and development, in order to assess their efficiency. In the case of the Philippines, the evolution of human capital policies in the country is assessed since 1974. The analysis shows the relationship between human capital and economic growth, poverty reduction and public and private returns on investments in human capital, identifying the role of government as a critical factor in leading national development.
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PRINA, MANUELA. "Politiche sul capitale umano e sviluppo: il caso della Filippine dal 1974." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/118.
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La tesi intende analizzare i nessi tra politiche di investimento in capitale umano e sviluppo, attraverso il caso specifico delle Filippine. Alla luce dei risultati del caso paese la tesi suggerisce come la teoria classica sul capitale umano sia ancora valida nel panorama odierno nelle sue affermazioni di base. Alcuni fenomeni globali tuttavia richiedano una rivisitazione della teoria classica ed introducono nuove variabili nello studio dell'efficacia ed efficienza degli investimenti in capitale umano. Nel caso specifico delle Filippine, la tesi si sofferma sull'evoluzione storica delle politiche sul capitale umano nel paese, raggiungendo l'obiettivo di analizzarle in relazione alla crescita economica, la riduzione della poverta' e poi, in modo piu' specifico, misurando i ritorni a livello individuale e pubblico sugli investimenti fatti in capitale umano dal 1974. Il ruolo del governo emerge come fattore critico nel guidare le politiche di sviluppo del paese.<br>The relationship between human capital policies and development is analyzed through a case study of the Philippines. The case study evidences the validity of the principal assumptions of classical human capital theory. Emerging global issues, however, point to the need for introducing new factors and variables in the study of human capital policies and development, in order to assess their efficiency. In the case of the Philippines, the evolution of human capital policies in the country is assessed since 1974. The analysis shows the relationship between human capital and economic growth, poverty reduction and public and private returns on investments in human capital, identifying the role of government as a critical factor in leading national development.
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Dagdelen, Fatima, and Moa Agnebrink. "“I want to become a role model for them” : A qualitative study in a Philippine context about social workers perceptions of poverty." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6536.
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There is much said about how to support a client as a social worker. Much is based on the country's politics, structure, organization, norms, but also on the values, knowledge, and responsiveness of social workers. When a country is exposed to poverty, social work takes a certain kind of shape and direction based on several viewpoints. The world has its eyes on developing countries with many poverty reduction recommendations, but how do social workers, living and working in a country with high poverty, express their reality? This study aims to, in a Philippine context, examine professional social workers perception of poverty and identify their approach to poverty alleviation and clients living in poverty. A qualitative study, with eight semi-structured interviews was hold plus one group interview including two respondents. All respondents were professional social workers that worked with poverty reduction in various ways. The thematic analysis was made with the framework of Human Development and Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach theory. The result shows that the efforts to reduce poverty in the Philippines require long-term thinking where respondents' mostly have the task of changing communities and clients' values. The respondents’ perceptions of poverty is that it is a condition that can be changed as long as the individual living in poverty makes active choices. The conclusions show that the major approach the respondents have, is to work with clients potentials and mindset by aware them to see what they actually can do for themselves. Almost all of the respondents use their own background as a motivator to support clients out of poverty and they approach their clients with patience, attention, belonging, and love, which can lead to minimizing obstacles that may be in the way of increasing the well-being of clients. On the other hand, the results show that it is the individual's responsibility to change his or her situation and a common perception among the respondents' is that education is the key to reduce poverty.
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Choa, Omar. "A geochemical history of Tabon Cave (Palawan, Philippines) : environment, climate, and early modern humans in the Philippine archipelago." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0002/document.
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La grotte de Tabon (Palawan, Philippines) est un site préhistorique majeur en Asie du Sud-Est. Elle a livré des fossiles d’Homo sapiens datant du Pléistocène supérieur, rares dans la région. Pourtant, son histoire demeure mal connue : d’importantes altérations physiques et chimiques compliquent la lecture de sa stratigraphie, tandis que des objets archéologiques sans contexte clair entravent l’élaboration d’une chronologie fiable. Cette étude jette un nouveau regard sur la grotte de Tabon à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences de la Terre. Elle explore notamment l’environnement et le climat des premiers hommes anatomiquement modernes dans la région. Les résultats mettent en lumière une période clef entre 40 et 33 ka BP, caractérisée par des climats plus secs, des paysages plus ouverts et une empreinte humaine marquée dans la grotte. Cette période a également été ponctuée par un court épisode d’humidité qui a laissé un spéléothème gypsifère étendu en guise de témoin. Dans l’avenir, de nouvelles approches, prenant en compte les contraintes particulières du site, pourraient permettre de souligner davantage la valeur scientifique et patrimoniale unique de la grotte de Tabon, une fenêtre sur les premiers périples de notre espèce à travers les archipels d’Asie du Sud-Est<br>Tabon Cave (Palawan, Philippines) is a key prehistoric site in Southeast Asia, one of the few to have yielded Homo sapiens fossils from the Late Pleistocene. Its history remains poorly understood: heavy physical and chemical alterations have greatly complicated its stratigraphy, and contextually isolated archaeological finds hamper the construction of a clear chronology. This study reexamines Tabon Cave using a multi-pronged geosciences approach to explore environment, climate, and early modern human presence in the region. The results reveal a major period in the cave’s history between 40 and 33 ka BP, when drier climates, more open landscapes, and active human use of the cave were briefly spaced by a wet episode that left an extensive, gypsiferous speleothem. Future innovative research approaches spurred by the unique constraints of the site will undoubtedly further highlight the unique scientific and heritage value of Tabon Cave, a window into the earliest odysseys of our species across the archipelagos of Southeast Asia
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Tiongco-Cruda, Beatriz. "An assessment of the health human resource development provisions of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master of Public Policy, Massey University at Albany." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/870.
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Republic Act No. 9173, or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 enunciates a bevy of incentives under its Health Human Resource Production, Utilization and Development provisions, intended to stem the rising tide of Filipino nurses leaving the country to work overseas. Under Sections 30 to 34 of the Nursing Act, these incentives include the following: (1) upgrading the minimum base salary of nurses from salary grade 10 to 15; (2) establishing a nurse specialty program in government hospitals to upgrade the nurses’ skills whereby recipients of the program are required to work in government hospitals for two years; and (3) the provision of other benefits such as scholarship grants, free medical care, etc. These provisions are the government’s policy response to mitigate the impact of nurses’ migration and retain an adequate supply of skilled Filipino nurses in the country: This research is a qualitative study that seeks to assess the health human resource development provisions and their implementation and aims to help improve them. This study examines the responsiveness of the provisions to the needs of nurses, and identifies the deficiencies of the provisions by looking into the working conditions of nurses in two Philippine government hospitals. It also examines the processes and the factors affecting the implementation of the provisions. This study employed a combination of four data collection methods: (1) focus group interviews of nurses working in two Philippine government hospitals, (2) key informant interviews of officials of government agencies and private organizations tasked to implement the health human resource development provisions, (3) document analyses, and (4) researcher’s field notes/journal. The researcher conducted five focus group interviews with a total of 15 nurse participants and 12 key informant interviews. The nurses are working under conditions of low salaries and heavy workload, that is characterized by low nurse-to-patient ratios in the National and LGU Hospitals. The problems of inadequate nurse staffing, large number iii of patients and inadequate supplies in the two government hospitals are identified as causes for the heavy workload of nurses. The nurses want a salary increase that is commensurate to their heavy workload, their professional qualifications and long years of service. For the nurses, a salary increase signifies the government’s recognition of their dedication, hard work, and commitment to provide health care to Filipinos despite working under dire circumstances. The nurse specialty training program in areas such as oncology, nephrology, critical care, etc. has not been implemented because of the limited capacities of government hospitals to provide this kind of training and the lack of regulatory framework for the practice of nurse specialists in the Philippines. The other benefits have not been implemented as well. The provisions of the Nursing Act are deficient because they do not address the causes of the heavy workload of nurses. To improve the work conditions of nurses, the Philippine government needs to prioritize to the long neglected health sector by increasing the budgetary allocation in order to create more nurse positions in government hospitals, to provide adequate supplies and equipment for government hospitals and to improve the facilities for nurses.
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Tanton, Patricia. "'Mail-order' marriage and global imperialism : intimacy and human rights." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313060.
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Absuelo, Ruby. "Employability of Philippine college and university graduates in the United States." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/868.
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Limited economic opportunity for many Filipinos has created substantial emigration of the country’s educated work force. The economic opportunities in the United States have attracted Philippine immigrants seeking employment opportunities. Thus, the U.S. now has a substantial foreign-born Filipino population. Although the majority of Philippine immigrants to the U.S. possess bachelor’s degrees or advanced degrees (Allard & Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011; Camarota, 2012; Commission on Filipinos Overseas, 2012), many are underemployed or work in fields relatively unrelated to their education and experience.
This thesis examines Philippine college and university graduates’ social networks, educational attainment, degree field, English language proficiency, immigration status, age, and gender, factors which influence and determine Philippine graduates’ employability in the U.S. labour market. The Triangulation Mixed Methods Design also known as the Concurrent Triangulation Design was employed to effectively measure the complex phenomenon of Philippine graduates’ employability by integrating quantitative and qualitative data sets. The null hypotheses for this thesis were rejected exclusive of age and gender differences. Data revealed employability was enhanced when Philippine graduates networked with Weak Ties during initial employment and continued to be advantageous for being adequately employed (i.e. resulted in lower underemployment). However, lower employability and underemployment negatively affected graduates with a bachelor’s degree (particularly a business-related degree), those who were less proficient in English, and those who were Green Card holders. The factors that were influential in the employability of Philippine graduates coincided with the labour market demands of the American employers sampled in this study. The thesis found that the current status of Philippine graduates has improved substantially with a higher percentage of the respondents obtaining jobs commensurate with their educational qualifications as opposed to their initial employment.
Philippine graduates with medical technology degrees were particularly successful at obtaining jobs commensurate with their educational qualifications despite relatively few holding advanced degree, but on average this group had resided in the U.S. the longest. Graduates with business-related degrees continued to lag behind those in other degree fields and experienced lower employability and higher underemployment. Despite their initial employment disadvantage, these degree holders were less likely to pursue continuing education or receive additional U.S. school/educational credits. The findings of this thesis provide insight into the employability of Philippine graduates. Because of the sampling restrictions, the findings cannot be extrapolated beyond the scope of this research. These results should only be treated as indicative within the context of this research. However, they provide useful insights for policy-makers, stakeholders and academics in the Philippines.
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Esser, Michael Thomas. "FIGHTING A "CRUEL AND SAVAGE FOE": COUNTERINSURGENCY AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES FROM THE INDIAN WARS TO THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR (1899-1902)." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/562935.
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History<br>M.A.<br>Many scholars have written about the counterinsurgency phase of the Philippine- American War (1899-1902). Military historians often downplayed the impact of human rights abuses, while emphasizing the success of the U.S. Army’s counterinsurgency instead. In contrast, social historians frequently focused on human rights abuses at the expense of understanding the U.S. Army’s counterinsurgency efforts. Unlike the majority of earlier works, this thesis unifies military, social, and legal history to primarily answer these questions: what significant factors led U.S. soldiers to commit human rights abuses during the war, and at what cost did the U.S. pacify the Filipino rebellion? The war was successfully waged at the tactical, operational, and strategic level, but wavered at the grand strategic level.1 This study argues that racism, ambiguous rules and regulations, and a breakdown of discipline contributed to U.S. soldiers committing human rights abuses against Filipinos during the counterinsurgency. Primary sources from the perspectives of American policy makers, military leaders, and common soldiers—in addition to documents on U.S. Army regulations and its past traditions—reveal a comprehensive story of what happened during this conflict. The U.S. Army’s abuse were not a historical anomaly, but a growing trend extending from nineteenth century conflicts against other races. The counterinsurgency revealed that beneath the stated principles of 1 For the purposes of this thesis, grand strategy is “the direction and use made of any and all of the assets of a security community, including its military instruments, for the purposes of policy as decided by politics.” This differs from the strategic level of war, which is the direction and exclusive use of military forces for the purposes of policy as decided by politics. Finally, the operational level is the level of war where the tasks, decided by strategy, are coordinated and individual units are commanded. These units, in turn, engaging in tactics to achieve operational objectives. Colin S. Gray, The Future of Strategy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2015), 29, 47. iii America’s benevolent mission, violent racial underpinnings existed in U.S. desires for global and domestic hegemony. The U.S. Army’s counterinsurgency resulted in a flawed victory, won at the cost of combatants, innocent civilians, and American idealism.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Cadusale, M. Carmella. "Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1472243324.
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Muñoz, Torreblanca Marina. "La recepción de "lo primitivo" en las exposiciones celebradas en España hasta 1929." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7450.
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En España, al igual que en el resto de países europeos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, se hace exhibición de "lo primitivo": personas (indígenas procedentes de los nuevos territorios colonizados) y objetos (piezas de arte y artefactos de la cultura material de los indígenas procedentes de las colonias). Algunas de estas muestras coinciden con las primeras exposiciones organizadas en España: Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas en Madrid (1887), Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888) y Exposición Internacional de Barcelona (1929). El presente trabajo analiza la presencia o ausencia de "lo primitivo" (personas y objetos) en los principales acontecimientos expositivos españoles, su relación con acontecimientos homónimos en otros países europeos y su posible recepción en colecciones museísticas (museos de antropología, etnología y misionales).<br>In Spain, as in the rest of European countries at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth, aboriginal from the new colonized territories and "primitive" objects (art and artefacts from the material culture of the colonies) were also exhibited. Some of these events coincide with the first organized Exhibitions in Spain: General Exhibition of the Philippines Islands in Madrid (1887), Barcelona World Exhibition (1888) and Barcelona International Exhibition (1929). This work analyzes the presence or absence of "the primitive" (people and objects) in the major Spanish exhibitions, the relationship with similar events in other European countries and the possible reception in museum collections (museums of anthropology, ethnology and missionary).
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Clariza, Maria Elena. "Human trafficking in Mindanao, Philippines." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20410.
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Gascon, Jesusa T. "Childspacing of currently married Filipino women married only once." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117025.
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Using 1983 National Demographic Survey (NDS) data on
currently married women and been married only once, this
study examines childspacing differentials among Filipino
women utilizing life table techniques. In particular, the
subsequent birth from parity 1 to parity 5 are examined in
relation to women's current place of residence, education,
contraceptive use, experience of infant mortality and
current age.
Examination shows that in Metro Manila and other urban
areas, the proportion of women having subsequent birth
tended to decline faster after the second birth. In rural
areas, the proportion of women having subsequent birth from
parity 1 to parity 5 shows only a slight tendency to
decline. Compared with rural women, women in Metro Manila
and other urban areas have longer birth intervals after the
second birth. Younger women have second births sooner but
a smaller proportion have subsequent births and they have
longer birth intervals at third and higher births than
older women. This manifests changing attitudes towards
reproductive behaviour among Filipino women.
Results of the analysis confirm the negative effect of
education on fertility. Women of higher education exhibit
a lower proportion having subsequent births and longer
birth intervals after the second birth than women of lesser
education. The effect of women's experience of
contraceptive use on the quantum and timing of fertility is
observed to operate more at the higher parities. In other
urban and rural areas, the proportion of ever-users of
contraception having further births is lower than for
never-users after the second birth but after the third
birth in Metro Manila. The study gives further empirical
evidence of the effect of infant mortality on fertility
behaviour. For each birth order the death of the previous
child within the first year of life tended to increase the
proportion of women having a subsequent birth, and
shortened the average intervals between births.
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Dano, Maria Noelyn. "Environmental governance for ecological and human wellbeing : cases of forest protected areas in the Philippines." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146010.
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The increasing recognition that forest loss leads to profound negative costs to society in terms of forgone goods and services has reinforced the exigency to protect the forests. While on one hand, the sustainability of essential ecological processes and life support systems in forest areas is threatened, on the other hand, the security of a just and dignified livelihood of the people living in and around forests and protected areas is at stake. Reconciling claims from ecological and social systems immediately leads us to face issues of politics and 'governance' - the structures and processes by which societies share power, shape individual and collective actions (Young 1992). Employing a comparative case study of three forest protected areas in the Philippines, the thesis addresses the central question: "What forest governance features best promote both ecological and human wellbeing?" The cases examined are the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, the Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park, and the Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park. I chose them because of their significance in terms of biological diversity, as well as on their differences in governance approaches. They are among the 10 priority protected areas in the country identified as highly significant for biodiversity conservation. They are all characterized by the presence of indigenous and other forest-dependent peoples. And all are sites of environment and development programs carried out with the two-pronged goal of biodiversity protection and rural development; as such, they have all been initially provided with major funding support from global actors. The three cases are, in theory, all under a decentralized government-coordinated multi-stakeholders governance system; this is, however, muddled in practice. They exhibit variations in their modes of governing. On what appears to be a dominant characteristic, the Sierra Madre case is more 'donor-driven'; the Kitanglad more 'networked'; and the Kanlaon is relatively 'state-dominated'. In examining how the attributes of governance arrangements and processes influence the capacity of the social-ecological systems in addressing conservation and development goals, I use the following criteria: 1) Legitimacy, 2)Accountability, 3)Cost-efficiency, 4) Coordination, and 5) Resilience. The thesis finds that legitimacy, accountability, cost-efficiency in decision-making, coordination, and resilience are mutually reinforcing in their performance as forest governance features promoting distributive justice, livelihood protection, ecosystem protection, and sustainability - core values for ecological and human wellbeing. When faced with tensions and trade-offs, the deliberative nature of a networked governance mechanism is instrumental in turning these tensions into synergies for collective actions. A legitimacy deficit that is common in governance networks can be addressed by a system that is conceptualized to employ discursive engagements in both the public and the empowered spaces, aided by a bridging institution in terms of transmission and accountability; and substantiated by discursive representation in cases when descriptive representation proves to be infeasible, limiting, and/or unjust. The overall analyses of the findings suggest that effective networked governance involving state and non-state actors that works for both forests and people is one that is polycentric, collaborative, and discursive, operating in a deliberative system. This system of environmental governance also creates an enabling setting for a just and sustainable society to thrive.
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Bacal, Ro-Ann A. "Fertility differentials among migrants and non-migrants in the Philippines." Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117094.
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The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the
extent to which the fertility of migrant women in the
Philippines is different from that of non-migrants. The 1983
National Demographic Survey (NDS) was the source of data for
attaining the objectives of this study and ascertaining: (1)
the profile of migrants at the time of first move; (2) the
characteristics of migrants and non-migrants at the time of
survey; (3) differences in cumulative and current fertility
behaviour according to migration status; (4) differences in
average pregnancy intervals of migrants before and after
their latest move with those of non-migrants; and (5) whether
differences in the fertility pattern among the sampled
currently married women was due to the moves they have made
or some other explanatory variables. The primary
investigation included the use of crosstabulations,
standardizations, and multivariate analysis (specifically,
multiple classification analysis).
Relatively minor support was accorded to the conceptual
framework put forward by the study which was based on
traditional concepts rationalizing the interrelationship
between fertility and migration. The general pattern that
emerged from the tables on cumulative fertility of migrants
and non-migrants points to very little variation in the mean
number of children ever born in younger ages but some
distinct differences in older ages, even after controlling for education, labour force participation and contraceptive
use status. The findings on current fertility, as
demonstrated by the age-specific marital fertility rates,
point to lower fertility among migrants whose place of
destination was urban and higher fertility among those whose
place of destination was rural. But again, the differences
are not pronounced. When contrasting the pregnancy intervals
of migrants after their latest move with the average
pregnancy intervals of non-migrants, the findings illustrate
the propensity of the latter to have longer pregnancy
intervals. The resulting figures, however, reveal only
slight differences between the two. This, more or less,
concurs with the findings from the analysis of cumulative and
current fertility. Finally, results of the multiple
classification analysis indicate that migration had a
negligible contribution to explaining the variations in
cumulative fertility compared to the other socio-economic and
demographic variables included in the model.
One possible conclusion is that migration does not in
itself raise fertility rates by bringing high fertility women
in urban areas. However, because migration is age selective
and contributes to inflating the age groups in the peak
reproductive years, it has the potential to raise the number
of births in cities and contribute to the natural increase in
urban growth. Hence, it may be worthwhile considering the
strategy of using the country's population redistribution
policy as a mechanism for fertility reduction.
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Kramer, Kenton Jay. "A seroepidemiological study of human antibodies to the major merozoite surface coat precursor protein of Plasmodium falciparum (GP195) from a hyperendemic area of the Philippines." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9444.
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JETSCHKE, Anja. "International norms, transnational human rights networks and domestic political change in Indonesia and the Philippines." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5324.
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Defence date: 19 January 2001; Examining Board: Prof. Thomas Risse (European University Institute, Supervisor); Prof. Philippe C. Schmitter (European University Institute); Prof. Martha Finnemore (George Washington University, Washington); Prof. Jürgen Rüland (Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg i. Breisgau)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017<br>This study examines the role of international human rights norms and the achievements of transnational human rights networks in contributing to sustained changes in human rights practices in Indonesia and the Philippines. It proceeds from the observation that in both cases, the Philippines and Indonesia, transnational concerns for human rights have translated into visible improvements in governmental approaches toward human rights and ultimately human rights practices. This process has taken much longer in the Indonesian case than in the Philippine one. In the Philippines, a sustained change of human rights practices is observable since 1992, while in the Indonesian case important changes in human rights practices have only recently become visible. Although significant changes in human rights practices occurred only after regime change (Philippines 1986, Indonesia 1998) selective measures to improve the human rights situation were taken before these formal changes and can be considered as constitutive parts in an explanation of human rights change. Given the empirical evidence, the study addresses the following questions: What accounts for sustained improvements in human rights practices in the Philippines and Indonesia? What accounts for the variation in time or the pace this process has taken or why has human rights change taken so much longer in Indonesia than in the Philippines? What is the process through which these changes came about? And why did repressive governments eventually implement measures to improve the human rights situation, after having committed gross and systematic human rights violations for decades? In addressing these questions the study argues that changes in human rights practices come about as a result of transnational pressures for human rights change, which simultaneously submit human rights violating governments to pressures from “above” and “below”. The process through which international human rights norms influence the behaviour of human rights violating states is best described by a phase model, the spiral model of human rights change. This model explains human rights change in terms of a mobilisation of other states, which pressurise authoritarian rulers and induce them to make tactical concessions to these international demands for human rights change. International pressure not only imposes constraints on the action repertoire of authoritarian governments, it actively supports the emergence of political space in which civil society can re-emerge and of a public sphere, in which opposition groups can discuss the collective alternative projects for the future. The interaction develops a dynamic, which can lead to marked changes in human rights policies, or the breakdown of authoritarian rule. The study focuses particularly on the role of public deliberation in this process of human rights change. International reports focus attention on and politicise precisely those power structures which enable human rights violations, but are effectively removed from a public critique by the civil society because of the authoritarian nature of the target state. Transnational human rights networks engage authoritarian rulers in a discourse over human rights violations from an international level, demand justifications for authoritarian rule and hold authoritarian regimes accountable to these justifications. Transnational human rights networks can thus provide a legitimacy challenge to authoritarian regimes, but their effectiveness ultimately depends on their ability to convince opposition groups in the civil society of their claims.
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Yang, Dean Candido. "Essays in development economics." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/61388882.html.
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PULANCO, MALENE, and 蕭淑菊. "The Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Job Satisfaction of IT-BPO Employees in the Philippines." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kt65vt.
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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>寰宇管理碩士學位學程<br>107<br>This research study determines to establish and obtain a greater comprehension of the relationship between human resource management practices and job satisfaction of IT-BPO employees in the Philippines. The design of the study is descriptive and correlational. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered, distributed, and collected for data analysis. The profile of the respondents is described, the extent of human resource management practices are determined, and the correlation between the independent and dependent variables are analyzed. The evidence of the findings accepted the six-hypothesis tested in this study. All the human resource management practices, which are recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, promotion, and compensation and benefits demonstrate to have a positive correlation on the job satisfaction of IT-BPO employees in the Philippines. Conclusively, the main findings of the study were summarized, recommendations and limitations are provided, and an overall conclusion of the entire research was provided.
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Lamchek, Jayson. "Myth-making and Reality: A Critical Examination of Human Rights-Compliant Counterterrorism in the Philippines and Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110180.
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This thesis explores the relationship between counterterrorism and human rights. Its primary contention is that the promotion of the ideal of human rights-compliant counterterrorism has undermined rather than strengthened human rights. Drawing on fieldwork-based case studies in the Philippines and Indonesia, the thesis demonstrates that greater recognition for the role of human rights in achieving security has not prompted a positive transformation of counterterrorism practices. Instead, proponents of counterterrorist action have been able to frame their action as a necessary, human rights-sensitive, and rational response to unnecessary, human rights-insensitive and irrational political violence. The challenge therefore is how to devise strategies to resist human rights abuses in the name of counterterrorism that do not entangle human rights in the perpetuation and legitimation of the counterterrorism agenda. The thesis proceeds in eight chapters besides the Introduction. Chapter 1 sets the stage for analysis, introducing the normative discourse of human rights-compliant counterterrorism at the international level, and proposing a theoretical framework for analysing this discourse that draws from the insights of Critical Terrorism Studies and critical approaches to international law and human rights. Utilising this theoretical framework, I examine the extent to which counterterrorism practices undermined rather than advanced human rights in two case studies: the Philippines and Indonesia. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 develop the Philippine case study. Chapter 2 presents the local counterterrorism discourse during the government’s alignment with the United States’ “War on Terror”, showing that the government characterised complex armed struggles as “terrorism” with devastating consequences for human rights. Chapter 3 analyses the responses of local human rights advocates to this counterterrorism discourse, describing how their resistance strategies cannot be reduced to a clamour for human rights-compliant counterterrorism. Chapter 4 shows how official policies have incorporated human rights-friendly rhetoric; and why despite this, they are failing to transform the practices of security forces that lead to extrajudicial killings and other serious abuses. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 develop the Indonesian case study. Chapter 5 reviews the local counterterrorism discourse developed during the Suharto regime, showing that the threat of Islamic “terrorism” was likely fostered by it, benefiting the regime at the expense of human rights. Chapter 6 shows how, after the Bali bombing of 2002, Indonesia’s approach to counterterrorism has incorporated human rights, much more than in the Philippines, and how local human rights advocates have accordingly adjusted their perception of the Islamic “terrorist” threat and the acceptability of counterterrorism. Chapter 7 analyses how Densus 88, the main counterterrorism actor, enjoys impunity for extrajudicial killings, demonstrating that the legal framework has failed to restrain serious abuses and in fact inoculated the counterterrorism agenda from further scrutiny. Chapter 8, the concluding chapter, brings together the main findings of the thesis and emphasises the need for more critical human rights scholarship and advocacy that are disentangled from the counterterrorism agenda.
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MichinoriShiroma and 城間道則. "Verification on the Process of International Socialization— Case Study on Internalization of Norms of International Human Rights into the Philippines." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6gjuqz.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>政治經濟研究所<br>102<br>The Collapse of the Soviet Union has brought the U.S. unipolar world that accelerated the globalization promoting open economy and interchanges of human, material resources, and information. The globalization, however, has also brought some new kinds of threats. To take measure to meet the contemporary international environments, the international cooperation through the international institutions has become a major subject of studies within scholars again. Why do states follow norms of international institutions? How do norms influence the decision making process of policy makers? To answer these reasons of states behavior, some scholars take a step from international socialization approach.
There are several kinds of socialization approach, however, each approach has its weak points. Moreover, at present, there are few reseaches focusing deffrences in levels of compliance with norms of international institutions between states. To this, some scholars claim that three kinds of domestic factors (domestic structure, normative fit, and crisis) may influence the process of international socialization. Therefore, this article not only analyzes a process of international socialization by combining six kinds of approaches into a comprehensive one, but also tries to analyze how the three domestic factors influence the process of international socialization by examining the process of which the Philippines internalize the norms of international human rights into domestic norms.
Through the process tracing analysis, this article finds that although two kinds of driving forces (peer pressure and U.S. hegemony) have enough capability to promote the international socialization, there is limit of ability to accomplish its process, because three domestic factors may turn into blocking factors under specific conditions. Moreover, these three domestic factors may also cause a backlash phenomenon, and lower the level of state compliance with norms of international human rights.
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Ziegler, Jackie. "Conservation outcomes and sustainability of whale shark tourism in the Philippines." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/10819.
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Biodiversity loss is one of the major environmental threats facing the planet. Incentive-based conservation is one means to reduce human pressure on wildlife by providing economic incentives for resource-dependent people to protect the environment. Marine wildlife tourism is one of the fastest growing tourism sectors globally and is viewed as an important incentive-based approach for achieving marine conservation goals. However, few studies have linked participation in the provisioning of marine wildlife tourism activities with positive social and ecological conservation outcomes. The goal of this dissertation is to provide greater understanding of the conservation value of marine wildlife tourism using whale shark tourism as a case study with a main focus on social conservation outcomes amongst tourism providers. Positive changes in perceptions, attitudes and values towards target species and their environments can be an important element of incentive-based conservation. The study has the following objectives: (1) to assess the status of the global whale shark tourism industry, including types (e.g., captive, non-captive), real and potential impacts, conservation value and management challenges and best practices; (2) to examine the ethics of provisioning whale sharks in Oslob, Philippines, the largest, non-captive viewing site in the world; (3) to determine if working in ecotourism changed the attitudes and behaviours of locals towards whale sharks and the ocean, and if tourism type affects those outcomes; (4) to assess the marine wildlife value orientations of locals working in whale shark tourism to achieve greater understanding of the factors influencing their conservation attitudes and behaviours; (5) to explore the potential long-term impacts of poorly conceived incentive-based conservation projects on social and ecological conservation outcomes; and (6) to re-examine and update the conceptual and theoretical background for wildlife tourism in light of the findings of this study. Methods include a comprehensive literature review, tourist surveys, social media content analysis, and interviews with locals working in whale shark tourism at four sites in the Philippines. Results suggest that marine wildlife tourism can play an important role in changing locals’ attitudes and behaviours towards the focal species and habitat; however, smaller-scale, more established sites had greater conservation value than the mass tourism or failed sites suggesting that small-scale, community-based ecotourism is the best approach to meeting conservation goals of marine wildlife tourism. Yet, few tourism sites meet these standards. Global standards are needed to ensure whale shark tourism activities meet desired conservation goals. Such standards should include management requirements (e.g., licensing, mandatory education program) and interaction guidelines (e.g. minimum viewing distances, limits on the number of swimmers/boats, etc.). The findings also emphasise that economics should not be the only or primary metric used to measure conservation success; rather, the focus should be on assessing a more comprehensive range of social and ecological conservation outcomes of these activities.<br>Graduate<br>2020-04-16
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ClarenceGalang and 葛清岳. "The Philippine’s War on Drugs in a Human Security Perspective: Security or Insecurity?" Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/687652.
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Briones, Leah Rose. "Beyond agency and rights : capability, migration and livelihood in Filipina experiences of domestic work in Paris and Hong Kong /." 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070129.080025/index.html.
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Salami, Oluwabukola Oladunni. "“All for the Family”: A Case Study on the Migration of Philippine Educated Nurses to Ontario through the Live-in Caregiver Program." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65741.
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Despite evidence that suggests that nurses migrate to Ontario through the Live-in Caregiver Program, no research has been conducted on this group of nurses in Ontario. This study addresses that gap utilizing the transnational feminist concept of “global care chains” in a single holistic case study design to explore the experience of nurses who migrate to Ontario through the Live-in Caregiver Program (2001-2011), and examine the diverse perspectives of stakeholders on issues of rights and obligations of these nurses. Fifteen live-in caregivers and nine policy stakeholders were interviewed, and an analysis undertaken of immigration and nursing policy documents. Findings indicate that familial discourses and perspectives on global social status shape these women’s decision to migrate from the Philippines to Canada, often via a second country (especially Saudi Arabia), as well as their subsequent Canadian experiences. Results are consistent with Rhacel Parrenas’ idea of ‘contradictory class mobility’ that describes the phenomenon of decrease in social status coupled with an increase in financial status among immigrant care workers. As professional women undertaking unskilled work, the nurses’ contradictory class status was reinforced by the emotional labour and domestic work they were required to perform. Furthermore, as temporary workers on a path to permanent residency, their professional integration as nurses was complicated by Canada’s immigration policy and the paradox between the government’s stated short-term goal (to address labour force shortage of live-in caregivers) versus its long-term goal (to ensure the integration of permanent residents). Within this policy paradox immigration policy makers emphasized the short-term obligation of fulfilling labour needs, while live-in caregivers and advocacy groups emphasized the long-term obligations of the Canadian government related to gaining permanent residence status. The lack of congruence between the Live-in Caregiver Program policy and nursing policy concerning internationally educated nurses, as well as prioritization of their familial obligations complicated the process of professional integration for this group of women. Recommendations arising from the study concern the need to bridge these policy gaps and address the shortcomings of the Live-in Caregiver Program to leverage the integration of this group of internationally educated nurses in Canada.