Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rabies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rabies'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rabies"

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UDWADIA, ZARIR F., FAROKH E. UDW ADIA, SAROSH M. KATRAK, DARAB K. DASTUR, MALLIKA SEKHAR, AJAY LALL, ANJALI KUMTA, and BHURAJ SANE. "Human rabies." Critical Care Medicine 17, no. 8 (August 1989): 834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198908000-00022.

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Goldrick, Barbara A. "Human Rabies." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 105, no. 5 (May 2005): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200505000-00024.

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Snow, Michelle. "Human rabies." Nursing 41, no. 4 (April 2011): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000395306.60915.39.

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&NA;. "Human Rabies." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 12 (December 1996): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199612000-00025.

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&NA;. "Human rabies prevention." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1175 (February 1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199911750-00004.

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Friedrich, M. J. "Human Rabies Resistance." JAMA 308, no. 11 (September 19, 2012): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.11402.

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Jackson, Alan C. "Bat Rabies Virus Variants Causing Human Rabies." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 25, no. 6 (June 2006): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000219358.50513.72.

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Lu, Wen-gao, Danni Ai, Hong Song, Yuan Xie, Shuqing Liu, Wuyang Zhu, and Jian Yang. "Epidemiological and numerical simulation of rabies spreading from canines to various human populations in mainland China." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e0009527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009527.

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Background The mortality of humans due to rabies in China has been declining in recent years, but it is still a significant public health problem. According to the global framework, China strives to achieve the goal of eliminating human rabies before 2030. Methods We reviewed the epidemiology of human deaths from rabies in mainland China from 2004 to 2018. We identified high risk regions, age and occupational groups, and used a continuous deterministic susceptibility-exposure-infection-recovery (SEIR) model with periodic transmission rate to explore seasonal rabies prevalence in different human populations. The SEIR model was used to simulate the data of human deaths from rabies reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). We calculated the relative transmission intensity of rabies from canines to different human groups, and they provided a reliable epidemiological basis for further control and prevention of human rabies. Results Results showed that human deaths from rabies exhibited regional differences and seasonal characteristics in mainland China. The annual human death from rabies in different regions, age groups and occupational groups decreased steadily across time. Nevertheless, the decreasing rates and the calculated R0s of canines of various human groups were different. The transmission intensity of rabies from canines to human populations was the highest in the central regions of China, in people over 45 years old, and in farmers. Conclusions Although the annual cases of human deaths from rabies have decreased steadily since 2007, the proportion of human deaths from rabies varies with region, age, gender, and occupation. Further enhancement of public awareness and immunization status in high-risk population groups and blocking the transmission routes of rabies from canines to humans are necessary. The concept of One Health should be abided and human, animal, and environmental health should be considered simultaneously to achieve the goal of eradicating human rabies before 2030.
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Pratt, P. Drew, Kathleen Henschel, George Turabelidze, Autumn Grim, James A. Ellison, Lillian Orciari, Pamela Yager, et al. "Human Rabies — Missouri, 2014." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 65, no. 10 (March 18, 2016): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6510a1.

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Murphy, Julia, Costi D. Sifri, Rhonda Pruitt, Marcia Hornberger, Denise Bonds, Jesse Blanton, James Ellison, et al. "Human Rabies — Virginia, 2017." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67, no. 5152 (January 4, 2019): 1410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm675152a2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rabies"

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Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Profilaxia antirrábica humana: proposta de uma nova metodologia de ação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103800.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 frias_dfr_dr_jabo.pdf: 1729107 bytes, checksum: 3f0233fa6c43b0d328c863a2e8d85231 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A avaliação dos casos de agressão por animais, sem critérios bem definidos, podem levar à indicação equivocada de tratamento antirrábico humano pós-exposição. O número desses tratamentos, em muitos municípios em todo o Brasil, tem preocupado as autoridades sanitárias. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta da profilaxia antirrábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, no período de 2007 a 2010, e propor uma nova metodologia de ação. Foi elaborada uma nova ficha de atendimento antirrábico humano, a ficha referência de atendimento a agressão animal e a ficha de visita zoossanitária, todas com seus respectivos manuais de instrução para preenchimento. Além disso, realizou-se a capacitação dos responsáveis pela aplicação das mesmas e as visitas zoossanitárias. Foram avaliadas as informações das fichas de atendimento e dos resultados de visitas domiciliares e observação dos animais agressores; os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e Action. Também calculou-se o custo direto das vacinas antirrábicas humanas aplicadas. Em 1.366 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 212 habitantes; das pessoas agredidas, 74,3% receberam tratamento pós-exposição, num total de 1.251 doses de vacina. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permite questionar que 894 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade, totalizando 1.094 doses a um custo aproximado de 20 mil reais. Nas visitas zoossanitárias constatou-se que, dentre os animais agressores, 78,1% eram domiciliados; 84,4% estavam sadios nos dias 0 e 10; 55% dos ataques foram provocados, e 73% das agressões ocorreram nas próprias residências. Assim, maior atenção deve ser dispensada ao atendimento a agravos por...
A poor assessment of cases of animal attacks towards humans may lead to inadequate human rabies prophylaxis. The high number of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments in many Brazilian cities has become a concern for Public Health authorities. The present study aimed to assess the records and the conduct of human PEP in the municipality of Jaboticabal, within 2007-2010, and to propose a new methodology. Versions for the following forms, together with instructions for filling them out, are proposed: human rabies medical attention form, animal attack notification form and a zoossanitary form. The personnel in charge of the health sector were trained for filling out these forms and conducting visits. It was evaluated the analysis of patient’s records and the results of home visitation and animal observation data. Data was organized in Excel spreadsheet and analyzed by EpiInfo and Action softwares. Direct cost of human vaccination was also calculated. In 1,366 analyzed records, there was one animal attack per 212 inhabitants. Among injured people, 74.3% received PEP, resulting in a total of 1,251 vaccines shots. The fact that Jaboticabal is located in a region that have controlled status for rabies, coupled with data analysis, allowed questioning that 894 persons may have received rabies shots unnecessarily, which resulted in a total of 1,094 shots at a cost of approximately 20 thousand reais. During zoossanitary visits, it was observed that among the aggressors, 78.1% were domiciled animals; 84.4% remained healthy between observation days 0 to 10; 55% of attacks were provoked and 73% of aggressions happened inside the domicile. It can be concluded that greater importance should be given to the attention of animal attacks cases. Adequacy should be made to the patient’s records, animal attack notification... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues. "Profilaxia antirrábica humana : proposta de uma nova metodologia de ação /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103800.

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Orientador: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
Banca: Angela Cleuza de Fatima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Karina Paes Bürger
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Bonadia Reichmann
Banca: Maria Angélica Dias
Resumo: A avaliação dos casos de agressão por animais, sem critérios bem definidos, podem levar à indicação equivocada de tratamento antirrábico humano pós-exposição. O número desses tratamentos, em muitos municípios em todo o Brasil, tem preocupado as autoridades sanitárias. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta da profilaxia antirrábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, no período de 2007 a 2010, e propor uma nova metodologia de ação. Foi elaborada uma nova ficha de atendimento antirrábico humano, a ficha referência de atendimento a agressão animal e a ficha de visita zoossanitária, todas com seus respectivos manuais de instrução para preenchimento. Além disso, realizou-se a capacitação dos responsáveis pela aplicação das mesmas e as visitas zoossanitárias. Foram avaliadas as informações das fichas de atendimento e dos resultados de visitas domiciliares e observação dos animais agressores; os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e Action. Também calculou-se o custo direto das vacinas antirrábicas humanas aplicadas. Em 1.366 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 212 habitantes; das pessoas agredidas, 74,3% receberam tratamento pós-exposição, num total de 1.251 doses de vacina. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permite questionar que 894 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade, totalizando 1.094 doses a um custo aproximado de 20 mil reais. Nas visitas zoossanitárias constatou-se que, dentre os animais agressores, 78,1% eram domiciliados; 84,4% estavam sadios nos dias 0 e 10; 55% dos ataques foram provocados, e 73% das agressões ocorreram nas próprias residências. Assim, maior atenção deve ser dispensada ao atendimento a agravos por... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A poor assessment of cases of animal attacks towards humans may lead to inadequate human rabies prophylaxis. The high number of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments in many Brazilian cities has become a concern for Public Health authorities. The present study aimed to assess the records and the conduct of human PEP in the municipality of Jaboticabal, within 2007-2010, and to propose a new methodology. Versions for the following forms, together with instructions for filling them out, are proposed: human rabies medical attention form, animal attack notification form and a zoossanitary form. The personnel in charge of the health sector were trained for filling out these forms and conducting visits. It was evaluated the analysis of patient's records and the results of home visitation and animal observation data. Data was organized in Excel spreadsheet and analyzed by EpiInfo and Action softwares. Direct cost of human vaccination was also calculated. In 1,366 analyzed records, there was one animal attack per 212 inhabitants. Among injured people, 74.3% received PEP, resulting in a total of 1,251 vaccines shots. The fact that Jaboticabal is located in a region that have controlled status for rabies, coupled with data analysis, allowed questioning that 894 persons may have received rabies shots unnecessarily, which resulted in a total of 1,094 shots at a cost of approximately 20 thousand reais. During zoossanitary visits, it was observed that among the aggressors, 78.1% were domiciled animals; 84.4% remained healthy between observation days 0 to 10; 55% of attacks were provoked and 73% of aggressions happened inside the domicile. It can be concluded that greater importance should be given to the attention of animal attacks cases. Adequacy should be made to the patient's records, animal attack notification... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Haskell, Marilyn Goss. "The Epidemiology of Human Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis in Virginia, 2002 and 2003." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2342.

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Objective: To describe a sample that received human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Virginia as a result of animal exposures in 2002 and 2003 and to determine the extent to which PEP decisions were appropriate.Methods: PEP surveillance data were requested from 35 Virginia health districts within 5 regions. Retrospective chart review was used to gather demographic, exposure and source animal data from patient records and animal exposure reports. Descriptive statistics are presented. True exposures and appropriateness of PEP were defined using the 2004 Virginia Rabies Control Guidelines and the Recommendations of the 1999 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The 2003 sample was analyzed for appropriateness of PEP because it was more representative than the 2002 sample. Stepwise syntax was created in SPSS utilizing 3 key decision variables and the 2004 Virginia Rabies Control Guidelines Algorithm for PEP decisions to determine appropriateness of PEP. Results: The 2002 and 2003 sample consisted of 838 PEP records, (73.6%) of 1139 PEP reported to the Division of Zoonotic and Environmental Epidemiology (central office of the Virginia Department of Health). Most PEP patients were young (mean 32.3 years) and had true exposures during spring or summer that resulted from approaching and handling a potentially rabid animal. Over half of the source animals were not captured. For the analysis of appropriateness, 55.2% (270/489) of PEP was appropriate, 22.5% (110/489) was inappropriate and 22.3% (109/489) of PEP had missing data on key decision variables. Inappropriate PEP primarily resulted from not true exposures [79% (87/110)]. Group exposures represented 42% more inappropriate PEP than individual exposures.Conclusion: Much PEP could be avoided in Virginia if more source animals were captured. The majority of inappropriate PEP occurred because PEP was given for exposures that were not true. New educational strategies for health care providers, public health personnel and the public are recommended to reduce the number of inappropriate PEP. Standardization of data collection methods, linking human and source animal data, computerization and formation of a central database are recommended to improve human rabies PEP surveillance in Virginia.
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Kalicharran, Kishna Kumar. "Studies on the stability, production and microencapsulation of a recombinant human adenovirus-rabies vaccine." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7579.

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The recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rHAd5-RG1) tested in this study contains the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. This virus is being considered as a possible substitute for the attenuated rabies virus in the oral immunization of wildlife in Ontario. This study examined the stability of the virus indoors and outdoors, and tested technically simple ways of concentrating the virus and its microencapsulation. The findings of this study show that the recombinant virus has the potential for release into the environment and there is no evidence that the virus will rapidly decay under the outdoor conditions experienced during the fall season. The virus can probably be microencapsulated and packaged for oral delivery. However, more studies are needed to assess the actual immunizing potential of these microencapsules. The use of detergents for increasing the virus yield has potential. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Van, de Vuurst Victoria Paige. "Climate change and disease at the human-wildlife interface." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104158.

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Recent research has shown that climate change had and will likely continue to have impacts on biological processes, including the propagation of infectious and zoonotic diseases. Assessments of local level impacts at the human-wildlife interface are imperative for stakeholders and policy makers, and empirical review of such research is undoubtedly necessary to understand the current state of the field, gaps of knowledge, and to identify future lines of research. In that vein, this thesis focuses on the impacts of climate change on disease at the human-wildlife interface. Specifically, my thesis works to quantify the recent temporal and spatial distribution of empirical research linking climate change with changes in the burden of infectious diseases (Chapter 2). This retrospective scoping of the last five years of empirical research identified if, and to what extent, there are biases in the diseases, species, or geographic areas studied within this scientific field. My study revealed both geographic and topical biases within the scope of recent literature, with an overwhelming emphasis on vector-borne diseases in temperate areas. There was also unequal representation in publication demographics of authors and institutions with most research originating from well developed countries. As a proof-of-concept case study, my thesis provides an empirical assessment of the plausible climatic drivers of a wildlife-disease transmission risk in an understudied region (Chapter 3), which could function to fill some of the identified research gaps in Chapter 2. Therein, my work assessed the impacts of climate variation from the last century on the environmental suitability of the rabies host Desmodus rotundus (common vampire bat) in Latin America. Findings revealed that average and standard deviation of temperature were the most important drivers of D. rotundus geographic distribution according to species' records between 1901 and 2019. Nevertheless, high uncertainty was detected regarding the predictability of D. rotundus environmental suitability across the United States-Mexico border and in the Andes Mountains of Chile. The overall modeling efforts did, however, reveal a northward distributional shift of the rabies reservoir as a likely response to climate change. Together, studies contained in this thesis provide empirical, retrospective evidence that demonstrates the effects of climate change on the increased risk of disease transmission at the human-wildlife interface.
Master of Science
Climate change is understood as the change in global or regional climate patterns, including variations of temperature and humidity factors beyond normal ranges, mostly attributed to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climate change is expected to influence many biological systems and presents an imminent threat to almost all organisms and geographic areas across the globe. Previous studies suggest that climate change will increase the burden of infectious diseases, including those originating from wildlife. This thesis aims to assess the availability of empirical evidence supporting the idea of a link between climate change and infectious diseases of wildlife origin. Chapter 2 examines recent scientific literature assessing climate change and infectious disease, and identifies biases in the diseases, species, and geographic areas commonly studied. This study found that literature generally focused on diseases transmitted by arthropods (e.g., insects, arachnids, or crustaceans) in temperate areas. There was little focus on diseases transmitted directly (e.g., via bites) or in non-temperate areas (e.g., tropics). Chapter 3 attempts to address issues detected in Chapter 2 by studying a directly-transmitted infectious disease in the tropics. More specifically, Chapter 3 assessed the impacts of climate variation from the last century on the distribution of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), which is a known rabies host in Latin America. Chapter 3 revealed that temperature variables were the largest drivers of common vampire bat distribution. Nevertheless, high uncertainty was detected regarding the vampire bat's ability to invade new areas such as the continental United States-Mexico border or the lowlands to the Andes Mountains in Chile. Together, studies contained in this thesis provide support for current and future research on the study of climate change as an amplifier for the risk of infectious diseases.
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Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues. "Avaliação dos registros de profilaxia anti-rábica humana pós-exposição no Município de Jaboticabal, são Paulo, no período de 2000 a 2006 /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94657.

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Orientadora: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
Coorientador: Antonio Sergio Ferraudo
Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Sonia Regina Pinheiro
Resumo: Um elevado número de tratamentos anti-rábicos profiláticos são efetuados, anualmente, em pessoas envolvidas em agravos com animais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta de profilaxia anti-rábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, de 2000 a 2006, analisando as informações das fichas de atendimento e a distribuição geográfica dos agravos. Os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e MapInfo. Também foi calculado o custo direto com as vacinas anti-rábicas humanas. Em 3056 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 160 habitantes, com maior ocorrência em residências e nos bairros da região central da cidade, e incremento de casos nos meses de janeiro, julho, agosto e dezembro. A faixa etária mais atingida foi de 0 a 15 anos, destacando-se o sexo masculino. Com relação à espécie animal envolvida, a canina foi a responsável pela maioria dos agravos, sendo 67,5% dos cães e 22,2% dos gatos declarados vacinados; os cães estavam sadios em 77,8% dos casos. Das pessoas agredidas, 81,6% receberam profilaxia pós-exposição, num total de 7.108 doses de vacina e a um custo aproximado de R$179.105,14. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permitem questionar que 1.720 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade. Uma maior atenção deve ser dispensada aos registros de atendimento a agravos por animais, e uma análise acurada e mais criteriosa destes deve ser feita para que os tratamentos sejam instituídos adequadamente. Como a maioria dos acidentes ocorre em residências, portanto com cães e gatos domiciliados e vacinados, recomendam-se programas educativos para promoverem a posse responsável e o conhecimento dos cuidados que as pessoas devem ter com seus animais de estimação.
Abstract: A large number of rabies post-exposure treatment is annually given to humans attacked by animals. This study was aimed to evaluate the records and the conduct of rabies prophylaxis in humans, in the municipality of Jaboticabal, from 2000 to 2006, through the analysis of patients' records and geographic distribution of the accidents. The data were arranged in Excel® spreadsheets and were further analysed by EpiInfo® and MapInfo®. Also, the direct costs of given vaccines were calculated. From 3,056 patient's cards, it was observed 1 animal attack per 160 inhabitants, with higher occurence in residences, central neighborhoods and concentration of attacks in the months of January, July, August and December. The most affected age group was that of 0-15 years old, with predominance in males. As to animal species, dogs were responsible for causing the majority of accidents. 67.5% of dogs and 22.2% of cats had already been vaccinated before attacking. In 77.8% of occurences, the dogs were healthy. As to attacked humans, 81.6% of them received post-exposure prophylaxis, totalizing 7,108 antirabies vaccine doses at an approximate cost of R$179.105,14. Thorough data analysis and the fact that Jaboticabal lies in a rabies controlled region allow to question the administration of post-exposure vaccination in 1,720 persons. More attention should be payed to filling out and interpreting patient's records correctly, so that treatments can be properly established. As most attacks happen in the residences, where cats and dogs are usually domiciled and vaccinated, it is essencial to develop educational programs that promote responsible pet ownership and adequate pet handling and care.
Mestre
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Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos registros de profilaxia anti-rábica humana pós-exposição no Município de Jaboticabal, são Paulo, no período de 2000 a 2006." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94657.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 frias_dfr_me_jabo.pdf: 647256 bytes, checksum: 56a7d9c80f805156699c273aa7a7a23c (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Um elevado número de tratamentos anti-rábicos profiláticos são efetuados, anualmente, em pessoas envolvidas em agravos com animais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta de profilaxia anti-rábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, de 2000 a 2006, analisando as informações das fichas de atendimento e a distribuição geográfica dos agravos. Os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e MapInfo. Também foi calculado o custo direto com as vacinas anti-rábicas humanas. Em 3056 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 160 habitantes, com maior ocorrência em residências e nos bairros da região central da cidade, e incremento de casos nos meses de janeiro, julho, agosto e dezembro. A faixa etária mais atingida foi de 0 a 15 anos, destacando-se o sexo masculino. Com relação à espécie animal envolvida, a canina foi a responsável pela maioria dos agravos, sendo 67,5% dos cães e 22,2% dos gatos declarados vacinados; os cães estavam sadios em 77,8% dos casos. Das pessoas agredidas, 81,6% receberam profilaxia pós-exposição, num total de 7.108 doses de vacina e a um custo aproximado de R$179.105,14. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permitem questionar que 1.720 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade. Uma maior atenção deve ser dispensada aos registros de atendimento a agravos por animais, e uma análise acurada e mais criteriosa destes deve ser feita para que os tratamentos sejam instituídos adequadamente. Como a maioria dos acidentes ocorre em residências, portanto com cães e gatos domiciliados e vacinados, recomendam-se programas educativos para promoverem a posse responsável e o conhecimento dos cuidados que as pessoas devem ter com seus animais de estimação.
A large number of rabies post-exposure treatment is annually given to humans attacked by animals. This study was aimed to evaluate the records and the conduct of rabies prophylaxis in humans, in the municipality of Jaboticabal, from 2000 to 2006, through the analysis of patients´ records and geographic distribution of the accidents. The data were arranged in Excel® spreadsheets and were further analysed by EpiInfo® and MapInfo®. Also, the direct costs of given vaccines were calculated. From 3,056 patient´s cards, it was observed 1 animal attack per 160 inhabitants, with higher occurence in residences, central neighborhoods and concentration of attacks in the months of January, July, August and December. The most affected age group was that of 0-15 years old, with predominance in males. As to animal species, dogs were responsible for causing the majority of accidents. 67.5% of dogs and 22.2% of cats had already been vaccinated before attacking. In 77.8% of occurences, the dogs were healthy. As to attacked humans, 81.6% of them received post-exposure prophylaxis, totalizing 7,108 antirabies vaccine doses at an approximate cost of R$179.105,14. Thorough data analysis and the fact that Jaboticabal lies in a rabies controlled region allow to question the administration of post-exposure vaccination in 1,720 persons. More attention should be payed to filling out and interpreting patient´s records correctly, so that treatments can be properly established. As most attacks happen in the residences, where cats and dogs are usually domiciled and vaccinated, it is essencial to develop educational programs that promote responsible pet ownership and adequate pet handling and care.
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Reid, Morgann. "Describing the Rabies Management System in an Ontario Municipality: A Mixed Methods Study of Human and Companion Animal Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38490.

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Rabies management can be described as successful only if examined through a human health perspective. Negating companion animal health outcomes in rabies management creates systemic failures as cats and dogs are significant within our society and bridge humans and wildlife in rabies transmission. A shifting pet ownership culture has created opportunities for increased rabies risk. This thesis applied the One Health concept to the rabies management system in an Ontario municipality. The One Health concept considers that the health of humans is inherently connected to the health of companion animals and their shared environment. A mixed methods design informed a visual conceptualization of the rabies management system. Factors influencing human and companion animal health outcomes were identified through multivariable logistic regression models. The human outcome of interest was the recommendation of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis after a potential rabies exposure by a companion animal; the companion animal outcomes were receiving a post-incident rabies vaccine, being euthanized for rabies testing and being placed under observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with private veterinarians to understand their perceived role in rabies management. Rabies management is more complex than linear interactions and processes that occur to protect human health. An explicit link between the human and companion animal health outcomes was found. Companion animal species appeared as an influential factor and indicates that ownership practices differ between cats and dogs. This implies that veterinarians are not effectively leveraged as the link between public health and pet owners. Indeed, veterinarian’s approach their rabies management roles based on their prioritization of the seriousness of rabies compared to the risk. Through the application of One Health thinking to the municipal rabies management system, it is clear that there is a public-private divide where mitigating human rabies exposures conflicts with the prevention of rabies in companion animals.
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Tarantola, Arnaud. "Epidemiology as a tool to improve prevention of human rabies : local and global health implications of postexposure prophylaxis data, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 2003-2014." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC031/document.

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La rage entraîne plus de 60,000 décès par an dans le Monde, dont 800 au Cambodge, pays fortement endémique pour la rage canine.La mort survient dans près de 100% des cas de rage, maladie évitable dans presque 100% des cas par l’accès à une prophylaxie post-exposition (PPE) antirabique adéquate et en temps utile. L’amélioration de l’accès à une PPE dans les zones rurales des pays endémiques permettra d’épargner des vies humaines à court terme. Cette thèse en épidémiologie a tiré parti des données collectées auprès des patients consultant au centre antirabique et les chiens testés à l’Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. Suite à un bilan épidémiologique de la situation et des obstacles auxquels sont confrontés les patients cherchant à accéder à la PPE adéquate et en temps utile, elle vise à contribuer à améliorer 1/ l’accès géographique et 2/ l’accès financier à une PPE pour les populations rurales du Cambodge. Nous avons développé une stratégie originale d’identification des poches de populations à haut risque d’incomplétude vaccinale après une exposition potentielle à la rage. Ceci devrait permettre d’améliorer l’accès géographique à la PPE et se concrétiser par l’ouverture en Juillet 2018 d’un centre périphérique de prévention de la rage dans l’Ouest du Cambodge. Cette stratégie d’identification de difficultés d’accès aux soins est applicable à d’autres thématiques de santé, sous certaines conditions. Notre rappel des patients et l’analyse des décès par rage parmi les patients n’ayant pas complété de leur propre chef le protocole PPE de 4 sessions intradermales sur 1 mois ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence une différence de mortalité par rage parmi les patients n’ayant reçu que 3 sessions sur 1 semaine, par rapport à au moins 4 sessions/1mois. Le raccourcissement du protocole à 1 semaine permet de réduire les coûts directs et indirects et l’absence de revenus pendant la durée du traitement en capitale. La mise en place de ce protocole doit s’accompagner d’un suivi d’au moins 6 mois des patients après leur prise en charge initiale. L’ensemble de ces travaux a des implications qui dépassent le cadre du Cambodge: Dans ses recommandations d’Avril 2018, l’OMS recommande désormais ce nouveau protocole IPC– le premier protocole PPE antirabique abrégé à 1 semaine
Rabies causes more than 60,000 deaths worldwide each year, including 800 in Cambodia, where canine-mediated rabies virus circulates. Death occurs in nearly 100% of rabies cases, a disease which is nearly 100% avoidable by timely and adequate rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Improving access to PEP in rural areas of endemic countries will spare human lives in the short term. This epidemiology PhD used the data collected in patients referred to the rabies prevention clinic and tested dogs at Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. After a baseline assessment of access to and obstacles to access timely and adequate PEP in Cambodia, this PhD aims to contribute to improving: 1/ geographical access and 2/ financial access to PEP for rural populations in Cambodia. We developed an original strategy to identify populations with a high risk of PEP noncompletion after a bite by a potentially rabid dog. This should help improve geographical access to PEP following the implementation in July 2018 of a peripheral rabies prevention center in Western Cambodia. This strategy can be applied to identify difficulties in accessing health services relevant to other health issues, under certain conditions. After patient callback and analysis of rabies deaths among those who did and did not complete the 4-sessions/1-month intradermal PEP regimen of their own accord, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in rabies mortality among patients who only received 3 vaccine sessions over the first week compared to those receiving at least 4 sessions/one month. Abridging the protocol to one week would reduce direct and indirect costs and the loss of income during PEP in the Capital. The adoption of this abridged regimen must be associated with a strengthened clinical monitoring system for at least 6 months following patients’ initial PEP.The work presented in this PhD has implications which reach beyond Cambodia: WHO recommends this new IPC regimen – the first approved one-week, abridged rabies PEP regimen – in its April 2018 guidelines
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Idachaba, Stella Ejura. "Status of canine vaccination and the prevalence of rabies in humans and dogs in Plateau State, Nigeria 1998-2007." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02252010-104653/.

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Books on the topic "Human rabies"

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World Health Organization. Veterinary Public Health Unit. Report of a WHO consultation on intradermal application of human rabiesvaccines, Geneva, 13-14 March, 1995. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.

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Cockrum, E. Lendell. Rabies, Lyme disease, Hanta virus and other animal-borne human diseases in the United States and Canada: What every parent, householder, camper, hiker, teacher, wildlife rehabilitator, hunter, and fisherman needs to know. Tucson, Ariz: Fisher Books, 1997.

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Marsico, Katie. Rabbits. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2010.

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John, Marsden. The rabbits. Port Melbourne, Vic: Lothian Books, 1999.

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1941-, LaRoche Nancy, ed. Rabbits: Gentle hearts, valiant spirits. Charlottesville, VA: Nova Maris Press, 2007.

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Mead, Marie. Rabbits: Gentle hearts, valiant spirits. Charlottesville, VA: Nova Maris Press, 2007.

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author, LaRoche Nancy 1941, ed. Rabbits: Gentle hearts, valiant spirits : inspirational stories of rescue, triumph, and joy. Charlottesville, VA: Nova Maris Press, 2010.

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Current issues in clinical neurovirology: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 2008.

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Masini, Beatrice. Nan hai jia de xiao fang ke. Taibei Xian Xindian Shi: San zhi san wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2001.

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Chaud, Benjamin. Adieu Chaussette. [Paris]: Hélium, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rabies"

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Briggs, Deborah J., and Thiravat Hemachudha. "Human Rabies Vaccines." In Rabies and Rabies Vaccines, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_4.

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Jackson, Alan C. "Rabies." In Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System, 211–35. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0425-7_9.

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Mani, Reeta S., and Rodney E. Willoughby. "Human Rabies in South Asia." In Neglected Tropical Diseases, 349–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68493-2_11.

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Siongok, T. K. A., and M. Karama. "Epidemiology of Human Rabies in Kenya." In Rabies in the Tropics, 445–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_58.

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Ayalew, Y. "Analysis of 159 Human Rabies Cases in Ethiopia." In Rabies in the Tropics, 481–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_62.

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Larghi, O. P., A. M. O. de Díaz, and J. C. Arrossi. "Comparison of the Immunological Response of Humans to Suckling Mouse Brain and Human Diploid Cell Vaccines." In Rabies in the Tropics, 189–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_26.

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Beran, G. W. "The Development of Joint Human and Veterinary Medical Laboratory Services." In Rabies in the Tropics, 655–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_85.

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Chippaux, A., S. Chaniot, A. Piat, and R. Netter. "Stability of Freeze-Dried Tissue Culture Rabies Vaccine for Human Use." In Rabies in the Tropics, 322–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_43.

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Barth, R., U. Bijok, H. Gruschkau, O. Jaeger, and E. Weinmann. "Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) Rabies Vaccine for Human Use — Laboratory Data." In Rabies in the Tropics, 117–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_16.

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Nicholson, K. G., M. J. Warrell, D. A. Warrell, P. Suntharasamai, C. Viravan, S. Lee, A. Sinhaseni, D. Udomsakdi, and R. Phanfung. "Economical Regimens of Human Diploid Cell Strain Antirabies Vaccine for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis." In Rabies in the Tropics, 209–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rabies"

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Yupiana, Yuni, Chaerul Basri, Ernawati, S. Sihombing, Farida Zenal, Caitlin Pfeifer, Mark Stevenson, Luuk Schoonman, James McGrane, and Fajar Tjaturrasa. "Risk Mapping of Risk Factors Associated with Human Rabies Cases in Bali Province, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Economics and Social Sciences of Animal Health - South East Asia 2019 (ISESSAH-SEA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isessah-19.2019.36.

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Pruksametanan, Natcha, Montarop Yamabhai, and Pakamatz Khawplod. "Selection of single chain human monoclonal antibody (scFv) against Rabies virus by phage display technology." In 2012 IEEE 6th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engnieering (NANOMED). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nanomed.2012.6509127.

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Setiawan, Komang Hendra, Ketut Indra Purnomo, IP Adi Wibowo, and Made Kurnia Widiastuti Giri. "QUALITATIVE STUDY ON PET-RELATED HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND OTHER RISK FACTORS OF RABIES IN BULELENG, BALI." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC HEALTH. Graduate Studies in Public Health, Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126. Telp/Fax: (0271) 632 450 ext.208 First website:http//:s2ikm.pasca.uns.ac.id Second website: www.theicph.com. Email: theicph2016@gmail.com, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2016.029.

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Li, J. Z., and E. C.-Y. Lian. "MECHANISMS OF PLATELET AGGREGATION BY ACIDIC MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM STICHOPUS JAPONICUS SELENKA IN HUMANS AND RABBITS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644546.

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It has been reported that acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus selenka) (SJAMP) induced the aggregation of human and animal platelets by an unknown mechanism, using platelet-rich plasma (prp) and washed human and rabbit platelets we studied the effects of storage, platelet inhibitors, and various plasmas and their fractions on SJAMP-induced platelet aggregation. we found that the lowest concentrations of SJAMP required for aggregation of human and rabbit platelets were 0.4 and 2 ug/ml respectively. The reactivity of human platelets to SJAMP decreased with time after drawing of blood; rabbit platelets did not show this phenomenon. Platelet inhibitors such as aspirin, indomethacin, apyrase, antimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and EDTA inhibited by 50 to 100% the aggregation of human platelets induced by SJAMP; but these inhibitors had no effect on SJAMP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Washed human and rabbit platelets were not aggregated by SJAMP. The aggregation of washed human platelets by SJAMP was restored completely by human or rabbit plasma, by human fibrinogen, or by 0 to 30% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction but not by serum. The aggregation of rabbit platelets by SJAMP could only be restored by rabbit plasma or serum, or by 50 to 60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction. The data indicate that the mechanisms of aggregation of human and rabbit platelets by SJAMP are different. THe SJAMP-induced human platelet aggregation is dependent upon metabolism, release of ADP and the cyclooxygenase pathway requiring fibrinogen and Ca++. The aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by SJAMP is independent of metabolism, release of ADP and cyclooxygenase pathway, and does not require fibrinogen and Ca++, but needs certain protein(s) in the 50 to 60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of rabbit plasma.
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Cohen, H., I. J. Mackie, R. Patel, G. H. Neild, and S. J. Machin. "THE EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORIN A (CyA) ON PLATELET FUNCTION IN HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS AND NZW RABBITS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644125.

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CyA therapy is associated with microvascular thrombotic complications both in human allograft recipients and experimental animals. We have assessed evidence for increased platelet reactivity, i.e. presence of spontaneous aggregation, responses in platelet rich plasma (PRP) to ADP, total platelet nucleotide content and release to 20μg/ml collagen, and sensitivity to ZK 36,374, a prostacyclin analogue, serially in 21 human renal allograft recipients for 1 year post-transplantation and in 15 O NZW rabbits which received CyA 25mg/kg (n=5), or 'placebo' (the carrier for CyA) (n=5), or N saline (n=5) i.v. for 10 consecutive days. In the humans, spontaneous aggregation was observed on 10 occasions in 5 patients and responses to low doses of ADP, 0.5 and 1.0 μM, were significantly increased compared to normal controls up to 1 year (p<0.002) post transplantation. Total platelet nucleotide (ATP + ADP) content was significantly decreased (p<0.002) up to 3 months post-transplantation, indicative of in vivo activation, as was nucleotide release. Platelet sensitivity to ZK 36,374 decreased after 2 months (p<0.01) and this persisted at 1 year (p<0.02) compared to sensitivity at 1 week post transplantation (paired t tests). In the animal model, CyA or 'placebo' administration were unassociated with spontaneous aggregation, responses to ADP 0.5-5.0 μM and collagen 2.0-4.0 μg/ml remained unchanged as did sensitivity to ZK 36,374. In conclusion, CyA-treated renal allograft recipients exhibit spontaneous platelet aggregation, hyperaggregability to low doses of ADP, in vivo activation and decreased sensitivity to ZK 36,374, with abnormalities persisting up to one year posttransplantation. These abnormalities are not reproducible in an animal model.
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Bauman, J. E., J. H. Joist, G. Vogler, and S. P. Sutera. "HIGH SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RABBIT, DOG, AND PIG PLATELETS TO SHEAR-INDUCED INJURY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642846.

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In an attempt to develop an animal model for the study of the effects of fluid shear stress on platelet in vivo survival we examined the effects of repetitive short-duration (5 sec) and continuous prolonged (5 min) shear exposure in a cone-plate viscometer and Couette rotational viscometer on platelets (in citrated platelet-rich plasma) from humans, rabbits, dogs, and pigs. Comparable platelet aggregation (PAG = loss of single platelets) (18-64%) was observed with platelets from all species, associated with dense granule release, as a function of shear stress amplitude (25-50 dyn/cm2) under the conditions used. However, whereas with human platelets, little or no platelet injury (loss of LDH) was observed, appreciable platelet LDH loss was found with platelets from all animal species studied even at the lowest shear stress used, and LDH loss progressively increased with increasing shear stress amplitude (up to 30% at 50 dyn/cm2), and duration both in the cone-plate and Couette viscometer. These findings indicate a fundamental difference in the response of rabbit, dog, and pig platelets (as compared to that of human platelets) to laminar fluid shear stress in vitro. The mechanism(s) and factors leading to the apparent increased mechanical fragility of the animal platelets as compared to human platelets are currently under investigation.
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Shutova, Ekaterina, Douwe Kiela, and Jean Maillard. "Black Holes and White Rabbits: Metaphor Identification with Visual Features." In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n16-1020.

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Harfenist, E. J., M. A. Packham, and J. F. Mustard. "EFFECTS OF CELL ADHESION PEPTIDE, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), ON RESPONSES OF WASHED PLATELETS FROM HUMANS, RABBITS AND RATS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643592.

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Fibrinogen (Fbg) is a cofactor in the aggregation of human platelets, and washed platelets do not aggregate to a significant extent in response to ADP unless Fbg is added to the suspension; however, exogenous Fbg is not required for ADP-induced aggregation of washed platelets from rabbits or rats. Since, with human platelets, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) inhibits aggregation and the binding of 125I-Fbg to ADP-stimulated platelets, its effects on the responses of rabbit and rat platelets were studied in an attempt to elucidate the differences in Fbg requirements of platelets from the three species. Aggregation and Fbg binding were studied using washed platelets suspended in Tyrode solution containing albumin, apyrase and 2 mM Ca2+. 50 μM RGDS caused over 80% inhibition of the aggregation of human platelets stimulated with 9 yM ADP in the presence of 0.2 yM Fbg, but only 3-9% inhibition of the ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit or rat platelets regardless of whether exogenous Fbg was added. 50 yM RGDS also inhibited the aggregation of human platelets stimulated with thrombin (0.9 U/mL), but produced no more than 3% inhibition with rabbit or rat platelets. The binding of 125I-Fbg to ADP-stimulated human platelets was inhibited by 80-90% by 30 yM RGDS, but even at 50 μM, RGDS inhibited Fbg binding to rabbit or rat platelets by only 15-27%. The differences were due to the species of platelets, since, with both human and rabbit platelets, human Fbg could be replaced by rabbit Fbg without significantly changing the results. RGDS, added to human platelets that had been aggregated with thrombin, did not cause deaggregation, but did partially inhibit aggregation when added within 1 min; this inhibitory effect was less than when RGDS was added before thrombin, and decreased progressively as the length of time before the addition of RGDS was increased. These observations indicate a difference in aggregation mechanism between human platelets and those from rabbits and rats, and are consistent with a Fbg-independent component to the aggregation of rabbit and rat platelets.
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Liu, Ai-ping, Xiao-lin Zhang, An-ping Yang, and Hui Yang. "Research of effects of aloe polysaccharides on changes in cytokines during myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits." In 2011 International Conference on Human Health and Biomedical Engineering (HHBE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hhbe.2011.6028966.

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Golubev, A. I., M. A. Kupriyanova, M. M. Salnikova, and V. R. Saitov. "CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE CARDIAC AND SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE OF RABBITS IN LEAD INTOXICATIONS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.475-478.

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The pollution and accumulation of lead and its compounds in the natural environment every year poses an increasing threat to human health and natural ecosystems. This problem is the most serious in megacities. The established criteria and the results of practical studies indicate lead as one of the most dangerous ecotoxicants. In the present work, the effect of lead acetate on the body of productive animals was analyzed, and cytomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the heart and striated (skeletal) muscle tissue were revealed. Visual disorders are confirmed by morphometric analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Human rabies"

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Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila, and Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.

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A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.
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Bernales, Rona P., and Ilene S. Basitan. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Rabies and Dog Bites in Bicol Region. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2790.

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This study was conducted in selected provinces of Bicol Region from April 2015 to May 2015 to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dog owners regarding rabies and dog bites. A purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of the study. Frequencies were tabulated for all variables. Of the 1,200 respondents, 2,193 dogs were recorded making a 2:1 ratio of dogs to householders in this particular study. Among these dogs 58% were vaccinated against rabies. The majority of the ones taking care of the dogs were female (57.3%) but the primary owner (62.9%) was the head of the family. Only 34.7% of the respondents knew that it is their duty to get their pets vaccinated against rabies. Around one-fourth (20.7%) admitted that someone in their household had been bitten by a dog but most respondents (62.5%) did nothing to the dog. The majority (57.7%) of the bite victims were youths (1-14 years old) and almost all (82.7%) of the wound bites were washed with soap and water. Television (44.9%) was the primary source of knowledge about rabies. The majority of participants (67.3%) said that humans are the main end-hosts that can be infected with rabies. Salivation or drooling (42.7%) and craziness (34.2%) were the main signs cited as behaviour of rabid dogs while craziness (40.2%) and hydrophobia or fear of water (25.4%) were cited for rabid humans. Most (33.9%) do not know the source of rabies but the majority (61.8%) believe that vaccination is the main preventive measure against rabies. The majority of participants (63%) reported that the local ordinances regarding rabies in their locality is about the Local Anti-Rabies Act and almost all (93.2%) admitted that vaccination is the most common anti-rabies program of the government.
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