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Journal articles on the topic 'Human reproductive technology – Kenya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Coban, Alev, and Klara-Aylin Wenten. "Who Cares for Agile Work? In/Visibilized Work Practices and Their Emancipatory Potential." NanoEthics 15, no. 1 (April 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11569-021-00385-9.

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AbstractThe future of work has become a pressing matter of concern: Researchers, business consultancies, and industrial companies are intensively studying how new work models could be best implemented to increase workplace flexibility and creativity. In particular, the agile model has become one of the “must-have” elements for re-organizing work practices, especially for technology development work. However, the implementation of agile work often comes together with strong presumptions: it is regarded as an inevitable tool that can be universally integrated into different workplaces while having the same outcome of flexibility, transparency, and flattened hierarchies everywhere. This paper challenges such essentializing assumptions by turning agile work into a “matter of care.” We argue that care work occurs in contexts other than feminized reproductive work, namely, technology development. Drawing on concepts from feminist Science and Technology Studies and ethnographic research at agile technology development workplaces in Germany and Kenya, we examine what work it takes to actually keep up with the imperative of agile work. The analysis brings the often invisibilized care practices of human and nonhuman actors to the fore that are necessary to enact and stabilize the agile promises of flexibilization, co-working, and rapid prototyping. Revealing the caring sociotechnical relationships that are vital for working agile, we discuss the emergence of power asymmetries characterized by hierarchies of skills that are differently acknowledged in the daily work of technology development. The paper ends by speculating on the emancipatory potential of a care perspective, by which we seek to inspire careful Emancipatory Technology Studies.

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2

Sacks, Preston C. "Assisted human reproductive technology." Reproductive Toxicology 6, no. 1 (January 1992): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(92)90028-r.

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3

Boldt, Jeffrey. "Micromanipulation in human reproductive technology." Fertility and Sterility 50, no. 2 (August 1988): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60061-4.

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4

Deep, JP. "Assisted Reproductive Technology." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i1.10840.

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All the treatment or procedure that includes the handling of both human sperm and oocytes or embryos in vitro for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy in order to bypass some pathological obstacles in human reproduction is known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Now we must be approaching 1.5 million Assisted Reproductive Technology birth since the birth of the world’s first in vitro fertilization baby, Louise Brown, in the United Kingdom. The infertility is caused by various reason and factors from either or both partners. Infertility affects worldwide by 8-15 percent of couples in general and defined as a disease of the reproductive system by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after one year or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i1.10840 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(1): 1-10

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Orleans, Miriam, and Elina Hemminki. "ASSESSING REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 15, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462399015111.

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The cultural and emotional importance of having and raising healthy children is undisputed. Cross-cultural solutions to problems resulting from involuntary childlessness have included such strategies as adoption, finding new partners, and dissolving marriages that do not produce offspring. While both males and female infertility may result from heritable factors, environmental exposures, and disease, it is usually the result of functional incapacity in youth and in old age. The high value attached to reproduction is not puzzling. Human reproduction is protected by strong basic instincts. Childlessness is seldom met with stoicism by those who wish to have children. The happiness that follows the successful birth of a wanted child must not be discounted. Traditional definitions of “family” imply “offspring” before the acknowledgment of other memberships.

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6

Ford, Norman M. "A Catholic ethical approach to human reproductive technology." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 17 (January 2008): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60329-x.

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7

Corral, Hernán. "Filiation and Assisted Reproductive Technology." Revue générale de droit 31, no. 4 (December 18, 2014): 701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027998ar.

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This article deals with the various filiation issues arising from the application of assisted reproduction techniques. The author asserts that assisted reproduction techniques produce a dissociation between the blood and genetic elements of procreation and people's will to become parents, which causes hard judicial dilemma in paternity suits. Legislative and judicial criteria developed both under European and American legal systems to solve this case are systematized in the article, wherein the author directs criticism to those criteria that tend to undermine the natural physiology of human reproduction in spite of the "intent of reproduction" concept. This latest concept is criticized as being a form of contractualization of filiation links. The author suggests that a deeper understanding of the human dignity, and of the international standard of the best interest of the child should be useful to protect children from being a part of the new market-of-human-beings that could arise from the massive application of assisted reproduction techniques.

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8

Pool, Thomas B. "Development of culture media for human assisted reproductive technology." Fertility and Sterility 81, no. 2 (February 2004): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.012.

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9

Ahmed, Bipasha, Angel ., and Smita Sharma. "Human Embryos and Oocytes Cryopreservation in Human Assisted Reproductive Technology-A Case Study." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 08, no. 03 (March 25, 2020): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2020.v08i03.032.

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10

Elsner, D. "Just another reproductive technology? The ethics of human reproductive cloning as an experimental medical procedure." Journal of Medical Ethics 32, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2005.013748.

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11

Bjelica, Artur, and Svetlana Nikolic. "Development and achievements of assisted reproductive technology." Medical review 68, no. 9-10 (2015): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1510353b.

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History of marital infertility is as long as the history of human civilization. Becoming aware about the importance of procreation, as well as the problems with which people may confront, has been the subject of interest since the moment of the first human community creation. Historically, each stage of social development, hence the development of science, has carried within itself certain findings more or less acceptable from today?s point of view. The development of human awareness and acquisition of findings based on empirical evidence have contributed to understanding and solution of the problem which was considered to be a result of force majeure until that moment and therefore could not be influenced. This paper deals with the previously mentioned issues through the review of historical development of assisted reproductive technology and its importance. The authors? intention was to present the developmental road of assisted reproductive technology through history succinctly with a special emphasis on the moments which have been of the crucial importance and which have marked certain stages of its development.

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12

Mwangi Chege, Stanley. "IT Process Practices in Kenya." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 7 (2015): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.17.1005.

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IT processes are the functions and duties that Information Technology (IT) performs. These activities include development and maintenance of applications, supporting infrastructure (e.g., hardware, systems software and networks) as well as managing human resources. All of these activities have some dependency among each other. Information Technology processes is a practice of ensuring that IT organization serves the needs of the business in a systematic manner so that good performance of the enterprise is guaranteed. It is a set of practices and procedures brought together in unison to ensure IT alignment with business needs. Some widely acknowledged and used IT process frameworks to make IT efficient and effective are Control Objectives for Information and related Technology, (COBIT), IT Service management (ITSM) and IT infrastructure library (ITIL) and ISO 38500.

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Wanjala, F. O., N. O. Hashim, D. Otwoma, C. Nyambura, J. Kebwaro, A. Mauring, J. Bartilol, and M. Chege. "HUMAN EXPOSURE TO BACKGROUND RADIATION IN ORTUM, KENYA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 188, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz264.

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Abstract The activity concentration of radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil and the absorbed dose rate (ADRA) at 1 m above the ground in Ortum was determined. The activity concentration in soils ranged from 33 to 85, 20 to 67 and 148–1019 Bq kg–1, respectively with an average of 40 ± 1.43, 56 ± 1.46 and 425 ± 19.24 Bq kg–1, respectively. The activity concentration of 232Th and 238U was found to reduce with increasing depth while that of 40K increased with increasing depth. The average activity concentration in soil was higher than the world average values. The average ADRA in air at 1 m above the ground was found to be 112 ± 29.6 nGy h–1. The soil and rocks in Ortum are recommended for use because the activity concentration of the terrestrial radionuclides is lower than the recommended threshold values.

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14

Foster, Warren G. "Endocrine Disruption and Human Reproductive Effects: An Overview." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.015.

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Abstract Humans of all ages interact with their environment on a daily basis and are thus exposed to a variety of both man-made and naturally occurring chemicals through the air they breath, the water they drink and the food they eat. The potential for exposure to environmental contaminants to impact the function of the reproductive system and affect normal development of the reproductive tract has become an area of increasing concern at all levels of society. Environment Canada and Health Canada jointly organized a workshop to review the current state of knowledge on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and to establish a national science agenda on the scientific assessment of EDCs. This report summarizes the key scientific literature pertaining to the role of EDCs in a number of selected human reproductive/developmental outcomes. Change in the frequency of health outcome trends, epidemiological evidence of an association between the health outcome of concern and exposure to EDCs, and mechanistic evidence of receptor-mediated effects were the criteria used to evaluate the strength of the evidence. While it cannot be concluded that EDCs cause reproductive effects in the general Canadian population, the weight of evidence provides cause for continued concern.

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15

Stock, Gregory. "Germinal choice technology and the human future." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 10 (January 2005): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62201-8.

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16

Kaneko, Satoru. "Human Sperm Processing in Assisted Reproduction Technology." Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 22, no. 1 (April 2005): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1274/jmor.22.24.

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17

Nakami, Wilkister, and Victor Tsuma. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Decision Support in Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle in Ke." Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jasft_21001.

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The human population is expected to double in Africa by 2030 and with it a consequent rise in demand for livestock products. Reproductive technologies improve livestock productivity however, uptake of the technologies has been low in Africa, yet this is where there is a dire need for livestock products as the human population surges. This study aimed to assess knowledge extent and understanding the use of assisted reproductive technologies in decision support for reproductive management of dairy cattle in Kenya. Dairy farmers and veterinary practitioners were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain relevant data on knowledge, attitude and practices in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management in dairy farms. Observable heat signs was the only method used by participants to ascertain estrus in a cow. Artificial insemination technique was adopted by all farmers as the breeding method of choice. The analysis highlighted that the respondents with low levels of formal education had less knowledge on reproductive technologies and displayed risky practices. Overall, a larger proportion of respondents indicated that the assisted reproductive technologies would be important in reproductive management. The relatively low levels of awareness, higher levels of education and a willingness to use the assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management of dairy cattle strengthen the logic of improving productivity through the application of these assisted reproductive technologies as well as improve levels of awareness of reproductive management practices. Keywords: attitude, heat detection, knowledge, pregnancy diagnosis, practices, progesterone

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18

Syrkasheva, Anastasia G., Yana A. Petrosyan, and Natalia V. Dolgushina. "Gestagens in assisted reproductive technology programs." Gynecology 21, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2019.2.190238.

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Background. Luteal phase (LP) drug support is an important step in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs efficacy. Aim. To present up-to-date data on an efficacy of LP hormonal support during ART cycles as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of various gestagen drug effectiveness. Materials and methods. To write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 8 years. The review includs articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. LP drug support becomes an essential step in infertility treatment in various ART programs. Although human chorionic gonadotropin drug injections in the posttransfer period leads to an activation of endogenous steroid hormones synthesis, exogenous hormones use is currently preferred because of not having a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Conclusions. The variety of progesterone drugs is accompanied by a lack of algorithms for their use in various clinical situations. Further studies are required to evaluate progesterone drugs efficacy for various subgroups of patients.

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19

Gontar, Y. V., O. Y. Verlinsky, I. E. Ilyin, and O. M. Fedota. "Investigation of human aneuploidy and polyploidy in subcidiary reproductive technology programs." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.14.1.539.

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Aim. To evaluate the frequency of aneuploidy and polyploidy among sperm, preimplantation embryos, the embryos stopped in development, developing fetuses and adults studied in the framework of subsidiary reproductive technologies. Methods. To determine the chromosomes of cells from samples of different biological material cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods were used. Results. The highest frequency of aneuploidy is observed among the preimplantation embryos (69.1 %) and the embryos stopped in development (60.9 %). Aneuploid/euploid chromosome set ratio is similar for both genders in all research objects except embryos stopped in development: for females it was 1:1, for males – 1.8:1. Among the spermatozoa most frequent is aneuploidy along the 18th (27 %) and sex (30.3 %) chromosomes, among preimplantation embryos – along the 13th chromosome (31.1 %), among abortuses along the 18th chromosome (40 6 %), fetuses – along the 21st chromosome (72.2 %). Sex ratio among polyploid preimplantation embryos – 1:1, among the embryos stopped in development – 2.5:1 in favor of males. Conclusions. The high frequency of aneuploidy among the early embryos is a leading cause of implantation failure, spontaneous abortion at different timing or the presence of multiple fetal malformations. Preimplantation genetic screening is essential for reducing the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and increase in the effectiveness of subsidiary reproductive technologies.Keywords: chromosomal abnormalities, aneuploidy, polyploidy, karyotype, preimplantation genetic screening.

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20

Lewis, Erin I., Heather Cook, and Alan H. DeCherney. "Luteal phase support with human chorionic gonadotropin in assisted reproductive technology." Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 8, no. 4 (July 2013): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811933.

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21

Fujiwara, Hiroyuki, Mitsuhiro Motoyama, Hiroaki Shibahara, Toshimitsu Koike, Shuichi Ogawa, and Mitsuaki Suzuki. "Predictive value of urine human chorionic gonadotropin after assisted reproductive technology." Fertility and Sterility 80, no. 4 (October 2003): 1055–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01126-9.

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22

Zhang, Yu, Yan-Ling Zhang, Chun Feng, Yan-Ting Wu, Ai-Xia Liu, Jian-Zhong Sheng, Jie Cai, and He-Feng Huang. "Comparative proteomic analysis of human placenta derived from assisted reproductive technology." PROTEOMICS 8, no. 20 (October 2008): 4344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200800294.

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23

Bavister, Barry. "The role of animal studies in supporting human assisted reproductive technology." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 7 (2004): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04087.

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Although average success rates of human IVF have increased progressively during the past two decades, the efficiency of this technique, based on each embryo produced or transferred, is still low. High success rates are usually achieved by transferring several embryos to the patient, which is often associated with multiple pregnancies. The quality of in vitro produced embryos is a major area that needs attention. Because there is no in vivo database for human embryos, the properties of normal embryos are not known, and so it is difficult to know how to improve quality and viability. In addition, selection of the most viable embryos for transfer is a rather subjective process. The origins of human assisted reproductive technology (ART) are based on animal ART; however, the two areas of research (animal and human ART) appear to have become disconnected. Re-examination of progress in animal ART could help improve human embryo quality and thereby assist efforts to sustain high pregnancy rates with only one or two embryos transferred. Some key areas in which animal ART can help guide progress in human ART are discussed.

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FUJIWARA, H., M. MOTOYAMA, T. KOIKE, S. OGAWA, H. SHIBAHARA, and M. SUZUKI. "Doubling time of urine human chorionic gonadotropin after assisted reproductive technology." Fertility and Sterility 84, no. 4 (October 2005): 1040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.03.066.

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Frankfurter, David. "Human assisted reproductive technology: future trends in laboratory and clinical practice." Fertility and Sterility 98, no. 4 (October 2012): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.019.

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26

Hughes, Jennifer R., Sandra Soto-Heras, Charles H. Muller, and David J. Miller. "Phthalates in albumin from human serum: implications for assisted reproductive technology." F&S Reviews 2, no. 2 (April 2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2020.12.002.

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27

Njagi, Joan. "Delivering Sexual and Reproductive Health Education to Girls." Girlhood Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2018.110204.

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The use of helplines to deliver sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education to girls seeking such information and services can break down barriers created by low access and top-down approaches. However, it is important to interrogate their effectiveness in addressing the SRH needs of girls, particularly in contexts in which hierarchical social relations prevail and conservative religious and cultural norms dictate appropriate expressions and experiences of sexuality for girls and young women. In this article I use data drawn from a qualitative case study of a children’s helpline in Kenya to interrogate the interplay of power and culture in the delivery of SRH information to girls. The findings reveal that while this particular communication technology presents, potentially, a revolution in such delivery, power dynamics and cultural norms still pose barriers.

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Ontiri, Susan, Gathari Ndirangu, Mark Kabue, Regien Biesma, Jelle Stekelenburg, and Collins Ouma. "Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091543.

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In the last two decades, the use of short-acting methods of contraception has driven the increase of contraceptive use in Kenya. We assessed the factors associated with uptake of long-acting reversible contraception by women seeking family planning services in public health facilities in Kakamega County, Kenya. A mixed methods cross-sectional study through client exit surveys among 423 women seeking family planning services was done at 12 public health facilities in Kakamega County. Twelve in-depth interviews with health care providers from the study facilities further explored practices in provision of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Among women initiating contraceptive use, LARC method utilization was 20.6%. Women’s tertiary education level, Protestant Christian religion, age at first birth, and having no desire for more children were significantly associated with utilization of LARC. Structural factors including shortage of human resource, provider bias and lack of adequate skills on provision of services were identified as key barriers to uptake of long-acting reversible contraception services.

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Njuguna, Njambi, Kenneth Ngure, Nelly Mugo, Carrole Sambu, Christopher Sianyo, Stephen Gakuo, Elizabeth Irungu, Jared Baeten, and Renee Heffron. "The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention and Reproductive Health Text Messages on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Among Young Women in Rural Kenya." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 43, no. 6 (June 2016): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000450.

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Ottoman, Adel W., Charles Angira, Jane Owenga, and Japheth Ogendi. "Health Systems Determinants of Occurrence of Postpartum Hemorrhage Among Women of Reproductive Age 15-49 Years - Kenya." International Journal of Social Science Research 9, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v9i2.18464.

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Postpartum hemorrhage constitutes 73% of all the obstetric hemorrhage globally. Thirty-four percent of maternal deaths occurring in Kenya are due to postpartum hemorrhage. In Homa Bay County, postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality contributing 38% of all maternal deaths despite several strategies by the ministry of health to reduce occurrence. Previous studies attribute this to poor provision and utilization of essential health services. The possible contextual contribution of health systems determinants of occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage has not been explored in the County. The objective of this study was to establish the health systems determinants of occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage among women of reproductive age 15-49 years in Homa Bay County. The specific objectives were: to identify the quality of health service delivery determinants, and: to describe the human resource for health determinants. This was a cross-sectional study design in which qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The quality health service delivery determinants found statistically significant was level of attention with Pearson chi-square = 5.2872 (P-value = 0.021), while the human resource for health determinants were: change of work stations with Pearson chi-square 6.929 (P-value = 0.008), and increased number of health workers with Pearson chi2(1) = 4.1205 (P-value = 0.042) and skills. The findings have significant importance in constructing and reviewing programs for women of reproductive age focusing on quality service delivery on level of attention, human resource for health change of station, increased number, and skills.

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Hoozemans, Diederik A., Roel Schats, Cornelis B. Lambalk, Roy Homburg, and Peter GA Hompes. "Human embryo implantation: current knowledge and clinical implications in assisted reproductive technology." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 9, no. 6 (January 2004): 692–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61781-6.

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Evans, John H. "Religious Belief, Perceptions of Human Suffering, and Support for Reproductive Genetic Technology." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 31, no. 6 (December 2006): 1047–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2006-019.

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Li, Guoqiang, Yang Yu, Yong Fan, Congru Li, Xiaocui Xu, Jialei Duan, Rong Li, et al. "Genome wide abnormal DNA methylome of human blastocyst in assisted reproductive technology." Journal of Genetics and Genomics 44, no. 10 (October 2017): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2017.09.001.

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Rigter, Henk, and Annemarie Kolk. "Biomedical Technology and Human Rights." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 16, no. 1 (January 1995): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01674829509025657.

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Graham, Maximilian D., William M. Adams, and Gabriel N. Kahiro. "Mobile phone communication in effective human elephant–conflict management in Laikipia County, Kenya." Oryx 46, no. 1 (November 28, 2011): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001104.

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AbstractHuman–elephant conflict is a significant problem in Africa, undermining biodiversity conservation and development efforts. Early warning of crop raiding and a coordinated response from landholders and wildlife authorities are important for effective management of this conflict. Mobile phones have spread rapidly in rural Africa and could potentially be used to improve communication and increase the effectiveness of responses to crop raids by elephants. We analyse changes in patterns of communication around human–elephant conflict incidents before and after the arrival of mobile phone technology in Laikipia County in north-central Kenya, and the performance of mobile phone communication in a trial at three sites. We show that mobile phones can improve communication and reduce human–elephant conflict where there is good mobile coverage and widespread adoption. Conservation projects have much to gain from engaging with mobile phone technology.

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Ngui, David Lavu, and James Rugami Maina. "Organizational Resources and Strategy Implementation in Non-Profit Organizations; A Case of Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 8, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.77.

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Most NPOs in Kenya have not fully embraced the use of strategic plans due to the difficulties involved in development implementing of strategic plans. There are many factors that hamper implementation of strategic planning an organisation including inadequate financial resources, human resources, technological competences and organisational culture. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of organizational resources on Strategy Implementationin Non-Profit Organizations with a key focus on The Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme based in Kilifi County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to examine influence of financial resources on strategic plan implementation, influence of human resources, and influence of technological competences on strategic plan implementation. The study was guided two theories, Resource Based View theory and Learning organisation theory. The research employed a descriptive survey research design. The study’s population was the management staff at KWTRP who were 60 according to the KWTRP (2018). Since the population was small, a census was adopted. The primary data was collected by use of self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean scores and standard deviation with the aid of SPSS and presented through tables, charts, graphs, frequencies and percentages. The study established that human resources, financial resources and technology competence had a positive and significant influence on the implementation of strategy at KWTRP. The study concluded that an organization’s workers important assets as they consistently contribute to an organization’s efficient functioning. That proper allocation of financial resources allows managers to put together more productive and efficient workplace teams and enables them to assess their schedules and predict the availability of resources in real time effectively and that technology competence lies in its ability to streamline interaction both internally and externally. One of the essential benefits of software expertise is its potential by promoting strategic thinking and knowledge transfer to improve the competitive advantage of an organization in the marketplace. The study recommends that the organisation incorporate top-down and bottom-up plan development on human resources in order to gain input from the lower management tier and involve workers in formulating strategies in order to significantly increase their contribution to executing a strategy. The study advises that the leadership of the institute should provide enough financial resources to execute strategies effectively. For each assignment within the plan, periodic cost estimates are important so that the use of financial resources can be made as efficiently as possible. On technology competence, the study suggests that management should seek more support for technical ways of executing strategies by having clear and articulated career paths for their staff, leave room for improvement to ensure cohesion of efforts in support of the implementation of the strategy. Similar studies should be carried out in private and public organizations since this study only focussed on non-profit organizations.

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Heidari, Mahnaz, Sara Darbandi, Mahsa Darbandi, Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi, and Mohammad Reza Sadeghi. "Fibronectin as a new biomarker for human sperm selection in assisted reproductive technology." Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology 45, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tud.2019.30660.

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Zhang, Y., Y. Cui, Z. Zhou, J. Sha, Y. Li, and J. Liu. "Altered global gene expressions of human placentae subjected to assisted reproductive technology treatments." Placenta 31, no. 4 (April 2010): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2010.01.005.

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Homan, Gillian, Susan Brown, John Moran, Sean Homan, and John Kerin. "Human chorionic gonadotropin as a predictor of outcome in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies." Fertility and Sterility 73, no. 2 (February 2000): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00512-9.

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Zhang, Y., W. Zhao, Y. Jiang, R. Zhang, J. Wang, C. Li, H. Zhao, et al. "Ultrastructural Study on Human Placentae from Women Subjected to Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatments." Biology of Reproduction 85, no. 3 (May 12, 2011): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.110.090589.

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Vercammen, Martine, An Verloes, Patrick Haentjens, and Hilde Van de Velde. "Can soluble human leucocyte antigen-G predict successful pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology?" Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 21, no. 3 (June 2009): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gco.0b013e32832924cd.

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Baer, G., and E. Loumaye. "Comparison of recombinant human luteinising hormone (r-hLH) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in assisted reproductive technology." Current Medical Research and Opinion 19, no. 2 (January 2003): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/0300799039117032.

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Makokha, PaulPeter M. "Characteristics of Cottage Industries in Kakamega County, Kenya." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 4, no. 4 (November 15, 2014): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6621.

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Cottage industries are the home-based units of production which rely on human- or animal-propelled skills and technology. They are characterized by accessibility to raw materials, low costs of operation, and proximity to markets. The cottage industries highlighted in this research paper are: pottery, crude sugar production, brick-making, liquor production, quarrying and masonry, carpentry, traditional medicine production, charcoal production, basketry and weaving, baking, bicycle repair, flour-grinding, and shoe-making and repair.

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Maleshina, Anastasia. "Taking Human Reproductive Rights Seriously: The Russian Perspective." Russian Law Journal 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 25–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2020-8-1-25-59.

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The very idea of human reproductive rights seems challenging. For much of human history, they were not discussed seriously as being a part of the right to privacy, liberty, security, equality, health, and non-discrimination. The situation changed drastically in the 1990s with the development of reproductive technologies. These technologies do not only help infertile couples to conceive, they allow single men and women, no matter their status and sexual preferences, to have offspring of the same genetic origin. We can affirm that in the 21st century assisted reproductive technology (ART) has completely changed what it means to have a baby and to be a parent. Despite their benefits, reproductive technologies leave space for ethical and medical concerns. A few of the many issues raised by reproductive technologies include: the reproductive right to abortion, legal status of the human fetus, ethical aspects regarding the use and storage of embryos, sex selection, surrogacy and gamete donation, and the right and accessibility to medical sterilization. This article sets forth the existing ethical and human rights standards on these issues and illustrates the need for further development and clarity on balancing these rights and interests in the Russian Federation.

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Njue, James Kinoti, Margaret Muturi, Lucy Kamau, and Raphael Lwembe. "Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Cervical Dysplasia among HIV- and Non-HIV-Infected Women Attending Reproductive Health Clinics in Eastern Kenya." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2250690.

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Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes over 99% of all cervical cancer globally. In 2019, it was responsible for 3286 deaths in Kenya. Data on the epidemiological distribution of HPV genotypes by cervical dysplasia and HIV-infected women which is important in designing prevention strategy monitoring treatment and management of cervical cancer is lacking in Eastern Kenya. Objective. To determine HPV genotype prevalence and their association with cervical dysplasia among HIV-infected (cases) and noninfected (control) women aged 18-48 years seeking reproductive healthcare. Methods. A cervical broom was softly rotated 360 degrees five times to exfoliate cells from the region of the transformation zone, squamocolumnar junction, and endocervical canal for HPV genotyping. Social-demographic and risk factors responsible for HPV acquisition were collected using a questionnaire. Laboratory outcome and questionnaire data statistical relationships were computed using Pearson chi-square test. Results. 317 women (cases: 161 (50.8%), control 156 (49.2%), mean age: 34.3, SD ± 10.4 , range 18-46 years) were recruited from Embu (85/317 (26.8%)), Isiolo (64/317 (20.2%)), Kirinyaga (56/317 (17.7%)), Meru (81/317 (25.6%)), and Tharaka-Nithi (31/317 (9.8%)). The frequency HPV genotypes detected by cervical dysplasia were CIN1 (cases: HPV81 (12/317 (3.8%)), HPV11 (2/317 (0.6%)); control: HPV53 and 66 coinfection (1/317 (0.3%)), CIN2 (cases: HPV11, HPV16, HPV66 ((1/317 (0.3%) each), HPV81 (6/317 (1.9%)), and single case (1/317 (0.3%)) of HPV11 and 66, HPV81 and 44, HPV81 and 88, HPV9 and 53, and HPV16 and 58 coinfection; control: HPV81 (2/317 (0.6%)) and invasive cervical cancer (cases: HPV16 (1/317 (0.3%)) and HPV81 (3/317 (0.9%)); control: HPV16 and 66 (1/317 (0.3%))).Conclusions. There was a higher frequency of both high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes associated with cervical dysplasia among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women seeking reproductive health care. This study provides epidemiological data on the existence of nonvaccine HPV types associated with cervical dysplasia in the region.

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Turner, Joseph V., and Lucas A. McLindon. "Bioethical and Moral Perspectives in Human Reproductive Medicine." Linacre Quarterly 85, no. 4 (November 2018): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363918816697.

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A reductive reading of Humanae vitae seeks to limit its appeal to a ban on contraception. In truth, however, it offers a vision of human sexuality and conjugal love with broad and enduring relevance. In setting forth the intrinsic complementarity and irreducibility of the unitive and procreative dimensions of the conjugal act, Paul VI has given us a hermeneutical key for assessing many contemporary ethical dilemmas in human reproductive medicine. From this perspective, this article seeks to apply the logic of Humanae vitae to several real-life scenarios confronted by medical practitioners, educators, and ethicists working in the field of fertility and reproductive health. These include a consideration of the ethics of prescribing hormonal contraceptives, the possibilities of investigating male infertility, issues of cooperation in counseling and assisting conception in same-sex relationships, the ethics pertaining to assisted reproductive technology (ART), the contested case of prenatal adoption, and the application of double-effect reasoning. Summary: On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the promulgation of Pope Paul VI’s encyclical Humanae vitae, this article seeks to defend its enduring relevance to modern-day society, through application of its reasoning to contemporary dilemmas in reproductive medicine. It considers real cases of the ethics of prescribing hormonal contraceptives, of investigating male infertility, of cooperating in counseling and assisting conception in same-sex relationships, of ART, of prenatal adoption, and the application of double-effect reasoning.

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Asch, Ricardo H., Huey-Po Li, John L. Yovich, K. Paul Katayama, Jose P. Balmaceda, Francisco J. Rojas, and Sergio C. Stone. "Failed oocyte retrieval after lack of human chorionic gonadotropin administration in assisted reproductive technology." Fertility and Sterility 58, no. 2 (August 1992): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55227-3.

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Pool, Thomas B. "An Update on Embryo Culture for Human Assisted Reproductive Technology: Media, Performance, and Safety." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 23, no. 04 (2005): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-923388.

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Al‐Khan, Anthony, Jose Colon, Vidya Palta, and Arlene Bardeguez. "Assisted Reproductive Technology for Men and Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Clinical Infectious Diseases 36, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/344955.

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Adaniya, G., L. Bonaventura, R. Colver, B. Bopp, and L. Reuter. "Effect of recombinant versus urinary human chorionic gonadotropin administration on assisted reproductive technology cycles." Fertility and Sterility 81 (April 2004): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.024.

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