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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human rights due diligence'
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von, Braun Jacob. "Mänskliga rättigheter och hållbart företagande : En idéanalys om EU:s initiativ till en Human Rights Due Diligence-lagstiftning och ansvarsutkrävande inom företags värdekedjor vid brott mot mänskliga rättigheter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443715.
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Globalization and increased growth in international value chains has brought great benefits to developing countries but have at the same time contributed to negative consequences related to human rights violations. Against this background and as a result of increased awareness, companies have been encouraged to take responsibility for their value chain and a framework for due diligence was adopted in 2011 with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The UNGP introduced the first global standard of due diligence and created a non-binding framework for companies to take responsibility and to respect human rights. However, the voluntary aspect of the due diligence process has not had the desired effect as the voluntary approach has had a limited impact on preventing business-related human rights violations. This has been a factor in increasing legislative initiatives around the world, with the aim of establishing clear and binding rules to ensure responsible and sustainable business conduct. The purpose of the study is to examine the EU's legislative initiative on mandatory human rights due diligence through an ideational analysis. The further purpose is to investigate how and what the introduction of a new legislation can imply for the prevention of human rights violations in the value chain and how the accountability can be expressed. The thesis finds that the legislative initiative can be considered to have an overall positive impact to prevent and demand accountability for human rights violations in global value chains.
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Andersson, Jennifer Maria Helena. "Conflict, Resources and the Responsibility of Corporations : What responsibility do natural resources corporations that operate in conflict risk areas have to ensure that human rights are respected?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306928.
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The thesis aims at analyzing the responsibility corporations, which are extracting valuable minerals from conflict risk and conflict affected areas, have in terms of respecting human rights. The thesis analyzes corporate responsibility mostly from a moral but also a legal perspective. In terms of the moral responsibility, the thesis has strategically chosen to examine the moral responsibility of corporations to respect human rights through the moral responsibility of their employees. The stance, that the thesis launches, is that the moral responsibility of the employees as individuals does transcend upon corporations making the business enterprise responsible for respecting human rights. The legal obligation of corporations in this matter is referred to domestic court decisions, which have ruled that corporations through business decisions have violated the human rights of affected individuals. The theoretical framework is based on the principle of due diligence, which has proven to be crucial when incorporating management policies and risk-assessment mechanisms within the structure of corporations. Through the analysis of the Kimberley Certification Scheme, which is a state-to-state agreement with the aim to hinder conflict-diamonds from entering into the international market, a lack of due diligence framework suitable for corporations has been revealed. The scheme is flawed as it does not provide corporations extracting diamonds from conflict risk and conflict affected areas with a due diligence framework. The thesis draws the conclusion that corporations are both morally and legally responsible to respect human rights. In addition, the Kimberley Certification Scheme is a step to hinder conflict diamonds from entering into the international market. However, the scheme must be re-examined and elaborated into a framework where due diligence is included. These measures will allow corporations to operate with clear guidelines on how to extract valuable minerals in conflict risk and conflict affected areas whilst performing due diligence. Such an adjustment will allow corporations to avoid either directly or indirectly to finance actions, which could lead to human rights abuses.
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Combrinck, Heléne. "The role of international human rights law in guiding the interpretation of women's right to be free from violence under the South African constitution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2812.
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Doctor Legum - LLD<br>The thesis firstly looks at how women's right to freedom from violence has developed in international (global) human rights law since the early 1990s. In this regard, the study finds that while the issue of violence against women (and women's rights generally) was barely on the international human rights agenda at the beginning of this period, an enormous degree of development has subsequently taken place. Through the adoption of documents such as General Recommendation No. 19 by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, international norms and standards were set regarding role of the State in providing women with protection against violence.<br>South Africa
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Eklund, Madeleine. "Violence Against Women as a Violation of the European Convention on Human Rights : Due Diligence and State Responsibility for Violence against Women by Private Actors." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52722.
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Erman, Ayla. "Staters positiva förpliktelser och due diligence gällande våld mot kvinnor i hemmet : En kritisk analys av staters upprätthållande av kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter utifrån ett genusrättsvetenskapligt perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323535.
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Although women’s rights have been widely recognized in the international agenda, violence against women in the private sphere does not seem to decrease. Women are still suffering today from not enjoying the most basic human rights. States fail often to recognize domestic violence as a human rights violation because it is committed in the private sphere by non-states actors. Because of this the European Court of Human Rights decided to develop the due diligence standard in 2008 to combat violence against women. This thesis examines the European Convention on Human Rights law regarding domestic violence and the meaning of member states positive obligation and the concept of due diligence. The European Court has established that member states have several positive obligations to fulfill in order to address the issue of violence against women in the private sphere. However states fail too often to exercise the due diligence by not living up to the standards that has been established by the Court. It has been proven that the Convention articles are inconsistent. The Court needs too clarify exactly which measures states should take to address the issue of violence against women and send a clear message how much effort it takes to fill the scope of the due diligence standard. This inconsistency allows states to take stand in the law enforcements, which are contemplated to be dominated by male norms. The consequence of this is that women are usually disadvantaged in state law enforcement when it comes to violence in the private sphere. It is therefor of great importance to pay attention to women’s rights when it comes to domestic violence, as well as analyzing states approach in the domestic violence cases. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze domestic violence as men’s violence against women from a critical gender perspective by highlighting elements that effects states actions in the cases. The point of departure is to recognize similar behavior in states actions by focusing on the concept male norm and private and public sphere. The results revealed a clear pattern of the concepts. In each case signs of male norms expressed in a male position, where men are superior to women were shown. States divisions of the private and public spheres were also proven in the cases. States would prefer not to intervene when a woman was exposed to violence in the private sphere. This leads to women being suppressed and unable to reach legal protection in the private sphere.
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Boelt, Kristiansen Martin. "Udarbejdelsen af Human Due Diligence = Preparation of Human Due Diligence /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2008. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2008/20010628.pdf.
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Lukeš, Jakub. "Vliv Global Witness na utváření legislativy konfliktních minerálů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261764.
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The thesis concers the issue of conflict minerals in the Democratic republic of Congo. The situation in the country has been monitored by the NGO Global Witness for decades. Human rights violation, illicit trade followed by exporting of minerals out of the country, have been supervised by militaristic rebel groups. As a result these groups have been indirectly founded by international corporations.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of Global Witness at the agenda setting of conflict minerals, including a critical assessment of legislative measures.
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Salakka, Matti, and Jürgen Sabernik. "Due Diligence in Cross-Border M&As : Top Management Team's human capital affecting the speed of due diligence process." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39635.
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Master Thesis in Business Administration Title: Due Diligence in Cross-border M&As - Top management team´s human capital affecting speed of due diligence process Authors: Jürgen Sabernik and Matti Salakka Tutor: Tommaso Minola, Ph.D. Date: 2018-05-21 Key Terms: Mergers & Acquisitions, Due Diligence, Speed, Cross-border, Human Capital, Top Management Team Abstract Problem: Globalization and market saturation are a constant influence for all the participating businesses in the markets. Therefore, companies of all various sizes are considering mergers & acquisitions to either consolidate the market, use it as a market growth opportunity or entry strategy into a new market or even country. Due to these multidimensional processes, many of the attempted M&As fail. Practitioners tend to focus only on financial or legal characteristics when considering to acquire and afterwards merge the target company, which results into failed M&A process. Accordingly, multifaceted phenomena such as M&As should not be only assessed on two dimensions, they should rather be evaluated as a whole with a dynamic due diligence process along the M&A. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the speed of dynamic due diligence process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions and what effect the human capital of an organization’s top management has on it. Method: For this thesis, we utilize a qualitative research based on a multiple case study approach. Therefore, we investigated four case companies within different industries in the Finnish context. The primary empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with guidance from a topic guide, in addition we also used company information such as annual reports or the company websites as secondary data. The derived statements are based on the findings, which were categorized and afterwards adopted as a basis for the analysis. Findings: The findings of this thesis are that the human capital factors affect the speed of the due diligence process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions via four themes; (1) business environment, (2) market knowledge, (3) inter-organizational leadership and (4) individual skills. The themes can affect the speed directly, but more importantly through the interplay of different themes. Conclusion: In conjunction with various authors mentioned in this thesis, we also come to the conclusion that a dynamic due diligence process is contributional in order to grasp the multidimensionality of mergers & acquisitions. Additionally, the context where the individual M&A is happening is playing a major role within the evaluation process. Hence, top management team’s human capital has an impact on the speed of dynamic DD process in cross-border M&As via the four above mentioned themes.
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Birgersson, Mari, and Lovisa Petersson. "Humankapital vid förvärv : Hur påverkar humankapitalet en företagsvärdering av kunskapsföretag?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26144.
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Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för om och hur humankapital påverkar värderingen av kunskapsföretag vid företagsförvärv. Vidare vill vi undersöka vilka faktorer som styr humankapitalets värde. Vår teoretiska referensram grundar sig i teori om kunskapsföretag, förvärv och värdering. Vi tittar även närmare på Due Diligence och Human Resource Due Diligence som är två typer av företagsbesiktningar. Vi har valt att skapa förståelse för ämnet genom de systemorienterade teorierna. Vi har valt att utgå från en deduktiv ansats i vår uppsats. Vi har valt en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod där vi genomfört fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorer från revisionsbyråerna Revisionskonsulterna J Hägglund, PwC, EY och Akridi. Empirin har samlats in genom tre besöksintervjuer och en telefonintervju. Informationen vi samlat in via intervjuerna beskriver revisorernas syn på humankapitalets påverkan på ett företagsförvärv av kunskapsföretag. Analysen bygger på jämförelser mellan teori och empiri och jämförelser mellan empiri och empiri. Slutsatserna grundar sig i den analys som vi gjort mellan teori och empiri. Vi har kommit fram till att humankapital påverkar värderingen av kunskapsföretag vid företagsförvärv. Påverkan sker indirekt genom risken som finns i humankapitalet. Humankapitalets påverkan på den totala värderingen är i slutändan en subjektiv bedömning av värderaren eftersom det saknas metoder för att värdera humankapital.
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Kulahli, Ayse. "Honour killings in Turkey : women's rights, feminist approaches and domestic legislation at crossroads." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15690.
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So-called 'honour killings' have become an issue of concern for the international community. In Turkey, in particular, the practice still exists despite the adoption of the relevant human rights instruments. This study evaluates how effective current international human rights law, and in particular the recent Istanbul Convention, have been in eradicating so called 'honour killings' on Turkey. The thesis argues that the improvement of the status of women in Turkey in accordance with gender equality as well as the application of the principle of state due diligence, both requirements of the Istanbul Convention and international human rights law, are fundamental means towards eradicating the killing women in the name of 'honour'. The study looks at the application of such standards as well as the current obstacles using the feminist approaches, in particular the intersectionality approach. Through such lens, the study discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the Turkish Constitution, Turkish Civil Code, Turkish Penal Code and Law to Protect Family and Prevent VAW and questions the judicial approach to the implementation of the women's right to life. It identifies the lacunae in the Turkish legislation that allow inadequate legal protection for women and the inconsistency of the judicial approach to the definition of the so-called honour killings in the judgements. The study then recommends some concrete amendments to the relevant legal provisions in order to better reflect the international framework and the feminist approaches.
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Helmerson, Sabina, and Karin Jonason. "Den mänskliga dimensionen av företagsförvärv : En studie om konsultföretags genomförande av Human Resource Due Diligence." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8851.
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<p>Antalet företagsförvärv har under de senaste åren ökat kraftigt, men trots detta misslyckas fler</p><p>än två av tre av förvärven, eftersom de inte uppnår de synergieffekter som var motivet bakom</p><p>dem. Det blir allt vanligare att företag tar hjälp av konsulter vid ett förvärv istället för att</p><p>genomföra hela processen själva. Frammanad av internationella konsultbyråer introducerades</p><p>begreppet Due Diligence (DD), företagsbesiktning, i Sverige i början av 1990-talet. Human</p><p>Resource Due Diligence (HRDD) är ett begrepp som närmast innebär att de mänskliga</p><p>dimensionerna av förvärvet analyseras. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om</p><p>konsultföretag som hjälper företag vid förvärv använder sig av Human Resource Due</p><p>Diligence, det vill säga en analys av humankapitalet, organisationskulturen och integrationen,</p><p>alternativt om elementen belyses med andra genomförda analyser.</p><p>En kvalitativ studie har genomförts där tre konsulter från olika konsultföretag har intervjuats:</p><p>KPMG, PwC och Ernst & Young. Det visade sig tydligt i studien att de tre undersökta</p><p>konsultföretagen inte genomför en separat HRDD vid sin rådgivning till förvärvande företag</p><p>samt att det samtidigt finns en gemensam åsikt att det ofta är på grund av just</p><p>organisationskulturen, integrationen och humankapitalet som förvärv misslyckas och inte</p><p>uppnår de tilltänkta synergierna. Vidare framkom att konsulterna ansåg att de tar vissa delar</p><p>av den mänskliga sidan i beaktande genom andra typer av Due Diligence samt om det verkar</p><p>nödvändigt i det specifika fallet. Både respondenterna och teorin framhåller att element som</p><p>är förknippade med Human Resource är svåra att mäta vilket gör att verktyg för att undersöka</p><p>dessa aspekter inte finns tillgängliga och kan därför vara en anledning till att den mänskliga</p><p>sidan ofta negligeras. Hemlighetsmakeriet kring förvärvet, tid, pengar samt avsaknad</p><p>incitament for konsultföretagen framkom som andra anledningar till att de mjuka värdena inte</p><p>studeras i stor utsträckning.</p>
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Holtz, Catarina. "Due process for industrial property : European patenting under human rights control." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Rättsvetenskap (RV), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1417.
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Bonsen, Marvin, von der Heydte Wenzel Freiherr, and Monika Anna Wlasynowicz. "Redesigning the Due Diligence Model-focusing on the human part is indispensable for success in international M&A." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3796.
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<p>This dissertation presents the critics of a successful due diligence and thus difficulties</p><p>of a well done merger or acquisition as well as where there should be more attention</p><p>in order to conduct a successful M&A. In the field of M&A, many studies have</p><p>concluded that after the deal most of the time the shareholder value will decrease</p><p>rather than increase. Due to that the critics of a successful due diligence and thus</p><p>difficulties of a well performed merger or acquisition will be discussed as well as</p><p>where there should be a higher attention in order to conduct a successful M&A. It is</p><p>assessed that during the due diligence process most focus is on the financial, legal</p><p>and commercial issues. Also the part of the human resources is mostly just focused</p><p>on the legal and financial items. Since the future performance of the combined</p><p>company has a high connection to the employed staff, this dissertation focuses on</p><p>the human and cultural side of a due diligence. It is investigated what managers have</p><p>to be aware of, how communication and integration of employees should be</p><p>managed as well as the combination of different cultures. Therefore we developed an</p><p>altered human recourse due diligence model. In that it is explained how we think a</p><p>human due diligence should be prepared and what has to be included. Furthermore it</p><p>is explained how the integration of humans and their culture can be fulfilled and what</p><p>has to receive attention.</p><p>In the analysis a survey of consultants is presented which shows how far companies</p><p>already think about the mentioned issues as well how the respondents believe that</p><p>an altered human resources due diligence model will be more useful for successin</p><p>M&A transactions.</p>
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Silva, Kelaniyage Buddhappriya Asoka. "Constitutional rights relating to criminal justice administration in South-Asia : a comparison with the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327597.
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Oscar, Holmberg Tobias Lundell. "Vikten av att fatta rätt beslut." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15294.
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Under 2010 var nästan var tredje VC investering i Sverige riktat till Life Sciences.Life Sciences är en bransch som täcker områdena bioteknik, medicinteknik, medicin och sjukvård. Branschen kännetecknas av att företagen arbetar mycket utifrån framtida förväntningar och ej framställda produkter. Därför är det viktigt för VC företagen som agerar inom Life Sciences att kunna identifiera den potential och de problem som kommer med en investering. För att bekräfta potentialen och problemen genomförs en due diligence. Due diligence är till för att finna styrkor och svagheter. Det är de anställda på VC företagens uppgift att genomföra due diligence vilket innebär att det är viktigt att inneha anställda med den rätta kompetensen. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur anställda kan påverka due diligence. Utgångspunkten för studien är att beskriva hur due diligence genomförs av VC företag som investerar inom Life Sciences. Den ska även förklara hur de anställda kan påverka denna process. För att kunna genomföra det har vi arbetat genom tre olika delar av due diligence. Dessa är kommersiell, finansiell och juridisk. Varje del har sitt fokus men är av samma betydelse för att få fram ett samlat värde. Tidigare forskning har identifierat att utbildning, erfarenhet och nätverk är viktiga egenskaper för anställda som ska utvärdera ett investeringsobjekt. Utifrån det har vi samlat på oss teorier för att kunna identifiera vilken påverkan anställda kan ha på due diligence genom dessa egenskaper. Studien har utarbetats ifrån det kvalitativa synsättet. Eftersom att forskningen inom Venture capital relaterat till Life Sciences är knapp finns det få studier att luta sig emot. För att kunna fånga hur due diligence genomförs och hur de anställda påverkar anser vi att den kvalitativa metoden är att föredra framför den kvantitativa. Vi har intervjuat personer som har en aktiv roll och ett stort ansvar i due diligence. Vi har låtit respondenterna svara för företagen som helhet. I slutsatsen kommer vi fram till att oberoende vilken sammansättning av anställda VC företagen har genomförs due diligence mycket likartat. Det är tydligt att anställda kan påverka due diligence och då framförallt i den kommersiella genom egenskaperna utbildning och erfarenhet.
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Caillet, Marie-Caroline. "Le droit à l'épreuve de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : étude à partir des entreprises transnationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0234/document.
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Les entreprises sont aujourd’hui au coeur des échanges économiques mondiaux. Ces échanges se traduisent par la mise en place de relations commerciales desquelles peuvent émerger des structures souvent complexes et difficilement saisissables par le droit : les entreprises transnationales. Aucune réponse juridique satisfaisante n’a encore été trouvée pour les encadrer, alors que paradoxalement, la RSE donne naissance à des normes, des outils et des instruments pour les responsabiliser. L’étude de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises transnationales à travers le prisme du droit révèle en réalité l’émergence d’un cadre de régulation hybride : les normes de RSE s’immiscent dans le droit, conduisant celui-ci à s’emparer de ces normes à son tour. Cet échange permet d’aborder l’entreprise transnationale à travers une approche nouvelle, tirée des normes de RSE, c’est-à-dire à travers son organisation et ses fonctions. Les relations de l’entreprise avec ses partenaires commerciaux deviennent alors une assise potentielle pour le droit, davantage que son statut ou que sa structure juridique, à partir desquelles peuvent être imputées des obligations, aujourd’hui inexistantes. Une fois l’entreprise transnationale saisie, c’est un cadre juridique adapté à son organisation complexe qui peut être mis à jour. L’étude des normes de RSE dévoile un enrichissement des règles applicables à l’entreprise transnationale et un renforcement potentiel de sa responsabilité juridique, fondée sur une approche préventive mais également solidaire du droit de la responsabilité. Passant outre les problèmes posés par l’absence de statut juridique, la RSE permet de saisir les entreprises transnationales par le biais de leurs relations commerciales, et d’envisager la conception d’un nouveau standard juridique de conduite sociétale, générateur d’une responsabilité individuelle et collective fondée sur une obligation de vigilance<br>Companies are now at the heart of global trade. These economic exchanges result in the establishment of commercial relationships, from which may emerge structures that are often complex and difficult to grapple with under the law: transnational corporations. While no satisfactory legal framework has yet been established to frame their work, paradoxically CSR gives rise to standards, tools and instruments to ensure their accountability. The study of the social responsibility of transnational corporations through the prism of the law actually reveals the emergence of a hybrid framework of regulation: CSR standards influence the law, forcing the law in turn to take note of these standards. This exchange allows us to handle a transnational business through a new approach derived from CSR standards, essentially through its organisation and functions. The relationship between a company and its business partners then becomes a potential basis for the law, rather than its status or its legal structure, from which can be derived responsibilities. Once a transnational corporation is seized, a legal framework adapted to its complex structure can come to light. The study of CSR standards reveals an enrichment of the rules applicable to transnational corporations and a potential strengthening of their legal liability, based on a preventive and joint and several approach of the law of responsibility. Ignoring the problems posed by the lack of legal status, CSR allows for the regulation of transnational enterprises through their commercial relations and provides a basis for the development of a new legal standard of social conduct, giving rise to individual and collective liability based on a duty of care
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Smolíková, Lenka. "Strategická změna v organizaci formou fúze nebo akvizice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233721.
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The dissertation’s subject matter is mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”). The reason standing behind the dissertation is the ever growing number of announced M&A transactions around the world. The research shows why M&A are important for the company management and why managers today see them as one of the greatest challenges. The work includes a chapter dedicated to the history of M&A and its current state, which has been affected by the financial crisis. One of the main objectives of the dissertation is to connect the economic and legal views on M&A. The work confronts theoretical knowledge with actual M&A cases. In order to provide a clearer understanding of M&A, cases of both successful and unsuccessful M&A transactions in various industries are described. The dissertation includes a detailed description of the specific stages in the M&A process. It deals with the preparatory stage, due diligence, implementation, and the subsequent integration of the two and more merged companies. The dissertation also provides evaluation of the individual stages’ importance. Special attention is given to the most frequent problems occurring during the entire M&A process: human resources and the integration process. In addition, the dissertation responds to the changes in economic environment that took place between the economic boom, at the beginning of the millennium, and the recession that commenced in autumn 2008. It also shows possible future developments in M&A. The dissertation was based on a review of the existing secondary sources; on primary research in companies with experience in M&A, and on collaboration with the tutor and other experts in the M&A field. On the grounds of secondary sources review, primary research, and discussions with experts, a guide on how to successfully implement an M&A transaction was prepared. The dissertation is to serve for didactic purposes in educating future managers, as a guide for companies’ management which implement M&A transaction, and should provide a basis for further research and scientific work in the M&A field. The dissertation’s conclusion evaluates hypotheses formulated prior to its elaboration.
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Niemi, Pia, and Emma Cete. "Knowledge and Attitudes amongst Teacher-Students in Senegal regarding Girls’ Right to Education : A qualitative study concerning the disparity in school attendance due to gender." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81462.
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Despite Senegal’s ratifications of the UN Conventions CRC and the CEDAW, a noticeable discrepancy regarding secondary school attendance due to the pupil’s sex has been recognized in enrolment and fulfilment ratios. (www.unicef.org, 2011a) The main issue to be examined in this thesis was the teacher-students’ knowledge of girls’ right to education and their attitudes concerning the difference in pupils participating in secondary schools based on the pupil’s sex and how the matter is being addressed amongst teachers. Qualitative interviews were carried out amongst teacher-students at University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar. We reflected upon the collected material mainly through theories of feminism and social constructivism, and moreover briefly through post-colonialism and structural functionalism, as well as in relation to previous research. We found that the respondents lacked deeper juridical knowledge concerning right to education. Overall the respondents expressed an ambiguity in their gender awareness, and their perception of girls’ education in relation to cultural traditions. The main obstacles for girls schooling were gender cultural traditions and socio-economic factors.
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Leite, Larissa. "O devido processo legal para o refúgio no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-08042016-145056/.
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O processo para o refúgio é o conjunto de regras e princípios necessários à aplicação do Direito dos Refugiados aos casos concretos. Quando este conjunto respeita os padrões democráticos do Devido Processo Legal, as tendências históricas de exploração e manipulação política do instituto de refúgio podem ser limitadas e os objetivos humanitários deste ramo dos Direitos Humanos podem ser alcançados com maior transparência. Quando o Devido Processo Legal para o refúgio é respeitado, também se permite que a pessoa que figura como solicitante de refúgio seja tratada como sujeito de direitos - e não como objeto do processo. Uma vez que a Convenção de Genebra de 1951, sobre o Estatuto dos Refugiados, não estabeleceu normas de processo, cada país signatário necessita criar um regime próprio para processar os pedidos de determinação, extensão, perda e cessação da condição de refugiado em seus territórios. O primeiro regime processual brasileiro foi criado no ano de 1997, pela Lei Federal 9497. Desde então, o país vem desenvolvendo, através do Comitê Nacional para Refugiados (CONARE), regras infra legais e rotinas práticas que têm determinado um padrão processual ainda fragmentado e inseguro. O estudo do aparato normativo nacional e da realidade observada entre 2012 e 2014 revelam a existência de problemas (pontuais ou crônicos) sobre o cumprimento de diversos princípios processuais, tais como a Legalidade, a Impessoalidade e Independência da autoridade julgadora, o Contraditório, a Ampla Defesa, a Publicidade, a Fundamentação, a Igualdade e a Razoável Duração do Processo. Estes problemas impõem desafios variados ao Brasil, tanto em dimensão legislativa quanto estrutural. O enfrentamento destas questões precisa ocorrer com rapidez. O motivo da urgência, porém, não é a nova demanda de imigração observada no país, mas sim o fato de que as violações ao Devido Processo Legal, verificadas no processo para o refúgio brasileiro, representam, em si, violações de Direitos Humanos, que, ademais prejudicam o compromisso do país para com a proteção internacional dos refugiados.<br>The Refuge Process is a set of rules and principles which are necessary to the enforcement of Refugee Rights in specific cases. When this set of rules and principles complies with the democratic standards of the Due Process of Law, historical tendencies of exploitation and political manipulation of the Refuge Process can be limited and the humanitarian purposes of this branch of Human Rights can be achieved with greater transparency. When the Due Process of Law for Refuge is followed, it also allows for the refuge seeker to be treated as a legal subject, rather than an object, in the process. As the Geneva Convention, in 1951, did not establish procedural norms on the matter of the Refugee Status, each signatory country must create its own legal framework to deal with requests of declaration, extension, loss and termination of said status in their territory. The first Brazilian procedural norm on this topic was created in 1997, by Federal Law No. 9.497. Since then the country has been developing, through the National Committee for Refugees (Comitê Nacional para Refugiados CONARE), regulatory provisions and protocols which have given rise to a procedural standard that remains fragmented and unsafe. The analysis of the national legal framework and the reality observed between 2012 and 2014 reveals a series of issues (which can be specific in some cases and persistent in others) concerning the enforcement of many procedural canons, such as the Principle of Legality, Impersonality, the Independence of the Judiciary, the Contradictory, Full Defense, Publicity, Statement of Reasons, Equality and the Reasonable Duration of the Procedure. These problems present Brazil with a number of challenges, regarding not only legislation, but also structure. These matters mustbe addressed with haste. What motivates such urgency, however, is not the recent increase in immigration, but the fact that the infringements of the Due Process of Law (seen in the Brazilian refuge process) represent, in themselves, violations of Human Rights, which, moreover, compromise the countrys commitment to the international refugee protection.
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Vant, Megan. "In Legal Limbo? The status and rights of detainees from the 2001 war in Afghanistan." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2448.
Full textAbstract:
During the 2001 war in Afghanistan hundreds of people associated with the Taliban or al Qaeda were arrested by United States forces and transported to the Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The legal status and treatment of these detainees has been an ongoing problem over the last five years. The majority have been given no recourse to justice and allegations of inhuman treatment and torture have been frequent. The first issue raised by the incarceration of these people is whether any of them may be entitled to Prisoner of War status. The evidence shows that, in general, the Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters were not lawful combatants, and hence they are not entitled to Prisoner of War status. While the rights of Prisoners of War are well documented and generally uncontested, the rights of people not entitled to Prisoner of War status are not so easily definable. Despite classification as unlawful or unprivileged combatants, the detainees are not in legal limbo - they are still entitled to the benefit of certain fundamental human rights. There are applicable protections under the Fourth Geneva Convention, Additional Protocol I, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the United Nations Convention Against Torture. The main rights upheld by these documents are the right to liberty and freedom from arbitrary detention; the right to a fair trial; and the right to life. Furthermore, there is a requirement of humane treatment and an absolute prohibition on torture. Reports from international humanitarian watchdogs such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch suggest that the United States Government is not upholding the rights held by the detainees. It is essential that the United States Government recognises the fundamental rights owed to the detainees and ensures that they receive the requisite treatment and access to justice.
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Kocúnová, Oľga. "Konfliktné minerály a Demokatická republika Kongo." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136333.
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As already the title of the diploma thesis is saying " Conflict minerals and the Democratic republic of Congo" aims at discussing issues around conflict minerals produced in DRC, including illicit trade, exports, smuggling minerals from DRC and committing crimes such as human rights abuses including rapes, sexual violence, executions, forced recruitment, abduction, child work etc. The militarisation mostly in eastern parts of the country leads to escalated conflict, in which rebel groups are warring in order to obtain power and control over rich natural resources in country. Long lasting conflicts, insecurity in the country, failed governance, wide-spread corruption, illegal exploitation of natural resources and of miners as well have reach the level of poverty, economic weakness, as well as political inability to lead the country and control its own natural wealth and prevent from any kind of foreign touch, mostly by armed or rebel groups. This thesis presents measures, which have to be taken in order to mitigate rebel groups power in the country, enhance transparency, remove corruption and exercise due diligence for responsible supply chain and thus strengthen economic and political development as well as human right
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De, Melo e. Silva Fabia. "La notion de procès équitable selon la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'Homme au regard de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne et du Comité des droits de l'Homme des Nations Unies : vers une spécificité latino-américaine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010292.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude a voulu saisir la dynamique interprétative de la Cour interaméricaine qui permet de construire la notion interaméricaine de procès équitable, en prenant en compte la «perméabilité» de cet organe juridictionnel vis-à-vis de la production jurisprudentielle de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme et du Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies sur ce sujet. Cette «perméabilité» correspond à un mouvement d'inspiration de la Cour de San José de la jurisprudence des deux organes précités, aussi bien que des éléments normatifs issus d'autres espaces normatifs qui sont ressortis de la recherche. Le fondement de la légitimité d'une telle démarche se retrouve dans la Charte des Nations Unies, plus précisément, dans les articles 55, c et 56. Si dans le développement des garanties matérielles du procès équitable (institutionnelles et procédurales), un mouvement d'inspiration accentué a été perçu, pour ce qui est des garanties instrumentales (garanties d'accès à la justice et garanties d'effectivité de la justice), leur développement a été marqué par un mouvement d'affranchissement de la Cour qui a fait ressortir une spécificité interaméricaine. Ces mouvements, d'inspiration ou d'affranchissement peuvent adopter de multiples «visages». En plus de ces mouvements, nous avons perçu une circularité de normes entre les trois systèmes et là où aucun mouvement n'a été expressément perçu, mais où une compatibilité jurisprudentielle a été délectée, nous appelons d'alignement jurisprudentiel. Le mouvement de circularité de normes entre les systèmes renforce l'existence d'un ensemble minimal de garanties du procès équitable à respecter par les états<br>This study aimed to understand the interpretative dynamics of the Inter-American Court in the construction of the Inter-American notion of due process, taking into account the “permeability" of this judicial body vis-à-vis the jurisprudential production of the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Human Rights of the United Nations in this regard. This “permeability" corresponds to a movement inspired by the Court of San Jose on the jurisprudence of the Iwo abovementioned organs, as well as on normative elements from other normative spaces that emerged from this research. The basis of the legitimacy of such an approach is found in the Charter of the United Nations more specifically in Articles 55, c and 56. If in the development of the material guarantees of due process (institutional and procedural), an accentuated movement of inspiration was seen regarding the instrumental guarantees (guarantees of access to justice and effective justice guarantees), their development has been marked by a movement of emancipation of the Court who does transpire inter-American specificity. These movements of inspiration and empowerment can adopt multiple "faces". In addition to these movements, it was observed a circulation of rules among the three systems and where no movement was explicitly seen, but a jurisprudential compatibility has been found, we call alignment jurisprudential. The movement of circulation of rules among systems reinforces the existence of a minimum set of guarantees of due process to be observed by countries
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Mazon, Cassiano. "A fundamentação das decisões judiciais e a prisão preventiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5934.
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-19<br>This thesis is a study on the issue of the grounds of court decisions and preventive detention
orders, in light of both domestic and foreign legislation and books of authority, including
Brazilian case law. The criminal procedure, an enforceable constitutional right, is a
fundamental guarantee under a democratic rule of law system, the central pillar of which is
human dignity. Under the rule of law, all court decisions must be duly grounded, notably in
the case of the need to restrict fundamental rights, such as an individual s freedom, through a
preventive detention order. The grounds arising from the due process of law consist in
providing all details of the legal and factual basis which led the court to render such decision.
The grounds given by the court must be just, dialectic, coherent and rational, as mere
references to legal provisions, allusion to vague and generic formulae, which may be adjusted
to any circumstance, are not sufficient. Considering the principle of presumption of
innocence, it has been established that preventive detention, a provisional remedy par
excellence, is marked by its provisional character in that it should remain effective for the
same time the urgent situation that justified it lasts - thus qualifying as an exceptional measure
- hence, applicable to emergency situations, if and when all other provisional remedies prove
to be improper and insufficient. This study has shown that preventive detention may be
ordered in view of the presence of certain legal assumptions and requirements, therefore its
grounds requires from the court a careful examination of the circumstances and particularities
of the case in question, in light of the principle of proportionality. The conclusion is that
unjust and defective grounds give rise to the acknowledgement of the nullity thereof as the
essential values provided in the Constitution may be harmed and thus adversely affect human
dignity<br>A presente dissertação abordou o tema da fundamentação das decisões judiciais e a prisão
preventiva, mediante análise da legislação e da doutrina, nacionais e estrangeiras, bem como
da jurisprudência pátria. O processo penal, direito constitucional aplicado, é uma garantia
fundamental no Estado Democrático de Direito, cujo pilar central é a dignidade humana. No
Estado Democrático de Direito, devem ser motivadas todas as decisões judiciais, máxime
diante da necessidade de restrição a direitos fundamentais, no caso a liberdade, mediante a
decretação da prisão preventiva. A fundamentação, decorrente do princípio do devido
processo legal, consiste na explicitação das razões de fato e de direito que conduziram o
magistrado à decisão. O discurso justificativo judicial deve mostrar-se íntegro, dialético,
coerente e racional, não sendo suficientes meras referências a dispositivos legais, com alusão
a fórmulas vagas e genéricas, ajustáveis a toda e qualquer situação. Considerando o princípio
da presunção de inocência, consignou-se que a prisão preventiva, cautelar por excelência, é
marcada pela provisoriedade, devendo vigorar enquanto perdurar a situação de urgência que
justificou a decretação da medida, constituindo providência excepcional, porquanto aplicável
às hipóteses emergenciais, se e quando todas as demais medidas cautelares mostrarem-se
inadequadas e insuficientes. O estudo demonstrou que a prisão preventiva só poderá ser
decretada em face da presença de determinados pressupostos e requisitos legais, razão pela
qual sua motivação demandará, por parte do magistrado, análise das circunstâncias e
peculiaridades do caso concreto, à luz do princípio da proporcionalidade. Ao final, restou
assente que a fundamentação inidônea, dotada de vícios, enseja reconhecimento de sua
nulidade, por comprometer valores essenciais consagrados no Texto Constitucional, atingindo
a própria dignidade da pessoa humana
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Panontongan, Inggrid. "Implementation of supplier relationship management framework for supply chain due diligence." 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16113.
Full textAbstract:
Supply Chain Due Diligence (SCDD) is conducted by companies to minimise or even eliminate risks of being involved directly or indirectly in human rights violations. It is part of Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) requirement. Through their suppliers companies may be exposed to irresponsible business practices. Considering this, companies should be able to systematically formulate concise demand from their suppliers that they practice responsible business practices which respect human rights. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) as management tool commonly assist companies to direct suppliers methodically in achieving their financial goals. This research attempts to repurpose SRM concepts to enable companies to conduct SCDD methodically. Defining human rights requirements into practical supplier’s evaluation system is a challenging task. Possible criteria and their indicators are discussed. The structure and processes to implement SRM framework for SCDD purposes are also described.:1. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
2. INTENSIFICATION OF PURCHASING FUNCTION AND SUPPLIER
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVED COOPERATION WITH
SUPPLIERS
2.1. Procurement and Purchasing Function in Integrative Supply Chain
Management
2.2. Supplier Relationship Management and Purchasing Function
2.2.1. Supplier Relationship Management Framework
2.2.2. Strategy Development
2.2.3. Supplier Observation
2.2.4. Supplier Selection
2.2.5. Classification of Suppliers and Performance Assessment
2.2.6. Cooperation and Collaborating with Suppliers
2.2.7. Development of Suppliers
2.2.8. Disturbance and Dissolution Management
3. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN
DUE DILIGENCE THROUGH IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING
3.1. Relation between Business and Human Rights
3.2. Human Rights Due Diligence for Companies
3.2.1. Basic Concept of Human Rights Due Diligence
3.2.2. Relating Human Rights Due Diligence to Common Commercial Due
Diligence
3.2.3. Business Case for Human Rights Due Diligence from Legal and Other
Perspectives
3.3. Human Rights Due Diligence with Focus on Impact Assessment
3.3.1. Approaches and Guidelines to Conduct Human Rights Impact Assessment
3.3.2. Relevance of Human Rights Impact Assessment (HRIA) Approaches to
Practical Implementation within Procurement Activities
3.4. Human Rights Reporting
3.5. Supply Chain Due Diligence Activities as Instrument to Conduct Human Rights
Due Diligence
4. EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SUPPLIERS’ PROSPECTIVE HUMAN RIGHTS PERFORMANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION RISKS:
DETERMINING CRITERIA AND THEIR INDICATORS
4.1. Performance Evaluation and Indicators Development
4.2. Rationalization in Grouping Human Rights Performance Criteria into Three groups of Criteria and Weighing/Scaling/Calculation System
4.3. Sourcing and Regulation
4.3.1. General Standards and Regulations
4.3.2. Specific Product Standards and Requirements
4.3.3. Supplier’s Code of Conduct and Industry Initiatives
4.4. Political and Social Circumstances
4.4.1. Political Condition in Country of Supplier
4.4.2. Risks of Corruption
4.4.3. Social Circumstance and Civil Society
4.5. Suppliers’ Internal Condition
4.5.1. Supplier’s Human Rights Policy
4.5.2. Supplier’s Human Rights Record and Reputation
4.5.3. Supplier’s Corporate Governance and Political Connections
4.6. General Remarks on Groups of Performance Criteria and Framework for
Suppliers’ Classification
5. RESULTS INTERPRETATION OF SUPPLIERS’ CLASSIFICATION FOLLOWING
EVALUATION OF SUPPLIERS’ PROSPECTIVE HUMAN RIGHTS PERFORMANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION RISK
5.1.
5.1.1. Understanding and Using the Assessment Framework
5.1.2. Determining Indicators’ Scaling Complexity, Weighing System and Cut-off
Points
5.1.3. Interaction Model of the Framework in Determining Overall Performance and
Classification of Suppliers
5.2. Suppliers with Low-Level of Prospective Human Rights Performance
5.3. Suppliers with Medium-Level of Prospective Human Rights Performance
5.4. Suppliers with High-Level of Prospective Human Rights Performance
6. INTRODUCING SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SUPPLY CHAIN DUE DILIGENCE
6.1. Building the Supplier Relationship Management Framework for Supply Chain Due Diligence Framework: Laying Out the Foundation
6.2. Supply Chain Due Diligence Using an Approach of Supplier Relationship
Management: How to Implement the Framework
6.2.1. Purchasing Strategy Development
6.2.2. Observation of Potential Suppliers
6.2.3. Suppliers Selection
6.2.4. Performance Assessment and Classification of Suppliers
6.2.5. Disturbance and Dissolution Management
6.2.6. Cooperation and Collaboration with Suppliers
6.2.7. Development of Suppliers
7. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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Combrinck, Heléne. "The role of international human rights law in guiding the interpretation of women's right to be free from violence under the South African constitution." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3153_1298887537.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The thesis firstly looks at how women&rsquo<br>s right to freedom from violence has developed in international (global) human rights law since the early 1990s. In this regard, the study finds that while the issue of violence against women (and women&rsquo<br>s rights generally) was barely on the international human rights agenda at the beginning of this period, an enormous degree of development has subsequently taken place. Through the adoption of documents such as General Recommendation No. 19 by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, international norms and standards were set regarding role of the State in providing women with protection against violence.</p>
26
Mnyongani, Freddy. "Accountability of multinational corporations for human rights violations under international law." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21071.
Full text
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Falardeau-Papineau, Julie. "Réparation pour les victimes de travail forcé dans les chaînes de production transnationales: une étude comparée de l'apport du devoir de vigilance au Canada, en France et en Californie." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24410.
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Aucune loi internationale n’a su réagir à la fragmentation de la production transnationale jusqu’à présent pour protéger les travailleurs contre le travail forcé. En réponse à ce phénomène, le droit de la responsabilité sociale et le devoir de vigilance des entreprises se sont développés afin d'accroître l'imputabilité des entreprises transnationales envers les impacts sociaux de leurs activités tout particulièrement le long de leur chaîne de valeur. Jusqu'à récemment, le devoir de vigilance était surtout soutenu par des normes internationales à caractère volontaire et par l'autorégulation des entreprises (Kerr, Janda et Pitts, 2009).
Depuis peu, quelques États ont légiféré afin d'augmenter la portée et l'efficacité du devoir de vigilance en ce qui concerne le respect des droits fondamentaux des travailleurs et la protection de l’environnement en France par le biais de « plan de vigilance » ou par rapport à l’élimination du travail forcé en Californie et au Royaume-Uni. Ces lois obligent les entreprises à produire des rapports expliquant les relations et les conditions de travail des ouvriers le long de la chaîne de valeur. En comparaison, au Canada, le devoir de vigilance s'appuie sur des développements jurisprudentiels dont la portée est incertaine (Drouin, 2016). Trois modèles d'encadrement de ce devoir émergent alors: un modèle jurisprudentiel et deux modèles législatifs.
L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer le potentiel du devoir de vigilance à inciter les entreprises transnationales à mieux réparer l’utilisation du travail forcé dans leur chaîne de production pour les victimes. Les trois modèles d’encadrement qui seront analysés sont le modèle jurisprudentiel du Canada, le modèle législatif général de la France et le modèle législatif visant spécifiquement l’abolition du travail forcé de la Californie. Les questions auxquelles nous tenterons de répondre sont les suivantes : Le renforcement du devoir de vigilance permet-il de réparer l’utilisation du travail forcé dans les chaînes de production transnationales? Quels éléments permettent d’accroître l’accès à la réparation pour les victimes de travail forcé dans les chaînes de production transnationale?<br>International law concerning the use of forced labour in global production chains has yet to be enacted. In response to this phenomenon, corporate social responsibility law and the principle of due diligence have been developed to increase transnational businesses’ accountability towards the social impacts of their activities along the supply chain.
Until recently, due diligence was mainly supported by voluntary international norms and by business’ selfregulation mechanism (Kerr, Janda and Pitts, 2009). A few States recently passed legislation that a increases the scope and the efficiency of due diligence. The efforts of France on the matter have focused on the respect of workers’ fundamental rights and of the environment while similar legislative endeavours in California and in the UK have concerned themselves with the specific issue of forced labour. In comparison, in Canada, due diligence is based on jurisprudential developments with an uncertain scope (Drouin, 2016). Three frameworks of due diligence emerge: two legislative models and one jurisprudential models.
This thesis seeks to assess the potential of the duty of diligence principle in enticing transnational corporations to remedy the use of forced labour through their supply chains. Three models will be evaluated: the Canadian jurisprudential model, the French general legislative model and the Californian legislative model specifically targeting the abolition of forced labour. The questions we will seek to answer are the following: Does the enhancement of the duty of diligence enable victims of forced labour in transnational production chains to obtain remedies? What are the key elements promoting access to remedy for victims of forced labour in transnational production chains?
28
Hlaváčová, Anna. "Právo na spravedlivý proces: srovnání vybrané arbitrážní a lidskoprávní judikatury." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337244.
Full textAbstract:
The right to due process is an important part of both civil and arbitration proceedings. However, this basic right is protected in different ways and even the mechanisms for checking whether the process adhered to the due process rules are different. For standard civil proceedings in Europe, European Court for Human rights is the final body which decides whether the rules on due process were adhered to. Commercial arbitration does not have a mechanism for checking whether the proceedings were justly carried within itself, therefore it is checked within the enforcement proceedings which are in most states covered by the New York Convention. In investment arbitration, the adherence to due process will be analyzed within the annulment proceedings. The thesis "Right to Due Process: the comparison of arbitration and human rights case law" deals with the question whether the argumentation of the European Court of Human Rights in its rich case law can be used on arbitration cases where the accessibility of case law is problematic. First, the thesis looks at whether there is a standard of the protection of due process in arbitration and according to the European Court for Human Rights. This thesis further deals with the direct or indirect use of the European Charter on Human rights for arbitration. For the...
29
Makgane, Innocent. "The rights and obligations of a bank when opening a bank account." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19577.
Full textAbstract:
The opening of a bank account serves as the genesis of a bank customer relationship. It is imperative that the establishment of a bank customer relationship be regulated by law. Both the common law and statutory law regulate the admission of new clients to the realm of banking. It is a minimum requirement, in terms of both statutory and common law, that the identity of a prospective client who wishes to open a bank account must both be established and verified. This, the need to know one’s customer, is not only good law but common sense and an effective measure to prevent criminals from accessing the banking system. Parties who work together must know each other.
The need to establish and verify the identity of a potential customer is commonly referred to as the Know Your Customer standards, alternatively the Customer Due Diligence framework. The Know Your Customer standards are neither unique to South Africa nor have their origins in South Africa. The Know Your Customer standards are international standards which the Financial Action Task Force and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision have been advocating for quite some time. A confluence of the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision greatly influenced the birth of the Financial Intelligence Centre Act in South Africa. The Financial Intelligence Centre Act 38 of 2001 prescribes the steps that a bank has to take in order to establish and verify the identity of a potential client. It will be shown in this dissertation that the identification and verification regime established by the Financial Intelligence Centre Act 38 0f 2001 and the common law are not fool proof. This dissertation makes recommendations on how the current loopholes that exist in the law can be addressed.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM
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Schneider, Anne Michelle. "O direito humano ao devido processo legal e as decisões criminais no Brasil: impressões à luz da criminologia crítica e feminista." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7852.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as decisões judiciais criminais no Brasil à luz da criminologia crítica e feminista, por meio do recorte metodológico do direito humano ao devido processo legal. Para tanto, foram utilizados como método de abordagem o dedutivo, como processo de investigação o quali-quantitativo, como método de procedimento o monográfico, como técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta bibliográfica, de legislação e jurisprudência. Como pesquisa de campo, foram analisadas decisões criminais proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, que é a Corte Constitucional do Brasil. Delimitou-se como campo científico a criminologia crítica e a feminista, identificando-se a sua pauta reivindicatória contemporânea, que é a implementação dos direitos humanos com igualdade substancial para todos, destacando-se a reivindicação da igualdade de tratamento entre os gêneros e o papel do Poder Judiciário na implementação e garantia dessa igualdade. Na parte teórica, foi analisado o desenrolar da criminologia até a criminologia crítica e feminista e como o direito humano ao devido processo legal se insere nesse contexto. Na parte empírica, foi analisado como o princípio se materializa através da praxe judicial por meio das decisões judiciais criminais proferidas na Suprema Corte brasileira, procurando-se analisar eventuais diferenciações entre previsão e aplicação do direito não apenas conforme as diferenças de classes sociais, mas também segundo o gênero dos sujeitos e atores envolvidos em processos criminais. Isto, para finalmente verificar se a sua manifestação no trabalho judicial reflete a reprodução de preconceitos de classe social demonstrada pela criminologia crítica, bem como a violência e imposição do gênero masculino sobre o feminino, numa ótica feminista, analisando-se a violência do sistema punitivo sobre a mulher, enquanto grupo socialmente vulnerável, contraria, portanto, a finalidade das previsões legais. Ao final, buscou-se tecer considerações sobre a violência simbólica e real de dominação reproduzida pelo Poder Judiciário brasileiro não apenas de uma classe social sobre a outra, mas também do mundo masculino sobre o feminino, e como estes fatores de classe e gênero se inter-relacionam no sistema criminal.<br>The aim of the present work was to investigate criminal judicial decisions in Brazil in the light of the critical and feminist criminology, through the methodological cutting of human right to due process. For this reason, the method of approach was deductive, the process of research the qualitative quantitative, the writing process was monographic, and the technique of research was the indirect bibliographical documentation, of legislation and case law. As regards the research field, criminal decisions of the Federal Supreme Court, which is the Constitutional Court of Brazil, were analysed. The scientific field was the critical criminology and the feminist criminology, identifying its contemporary agenda requests, which are the implementation of human rights with substantial equality for all, emphasizing the claim of equality treatment between genders and the role of the judiciary in the implementation and guarantee of this equality. In the theoretical part, the development of criminology to the critical and feminist criminology and how the human right to due process is inserted in that context were analyzed. In the empirical part, it was studied how principles materialize through judicial work through the Criminal court decisions delivered in the Brazilian by the Supreme Court, seeking to analyze any differentiations between prediction and implementation of the right not only according to the differences in social classes, but also according to the gender of the subjects and actors involved in criminal proceedings. This, to finally verify that their manifestation in the judicial work reflects the reproduction of prejudices of social class demonstrated by the critical criminology, as well as the violence and imposition of the male gender on the feminine, in a feminist perspective, analyzing the violence of the punitive system on women, as a socially vulnerable group, thus contradicting the purpose of the legal prevision. In the end, it was sought to make considerations about the symbolic and real violence of domination reproduced by the Brazilian judiciary, not only of a social class on the other, but also of the male world over the feminine, and how these factors of class and gender interrelate in the criminal system.