Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights – Somalia

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights – Somalia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights – Somalia"

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Regilme, Salvador Santino Jr Fulo, and Elisabetta Spoldi. "Children in Armed Conflict: A Human Rights Crisis in Somalia." Global Jurist 21, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 365–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gj-2020-0083.

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Abstract Despite the consolidated body of public international law on children’s rights and armed conflict, why do armed rebel groups and state forces deploy children in armed conflict, particularly in Somalia? First, due to the lack of alternative sources of income and livelihood beyond armed conflict, children join the army due to coercive recruitment by commanders of armed groups. Their participation in armed conflict generates a fleeting and false sense of material security and belongingness in a group. Second, many Somali children were born in an environment of existential violence and material insecurity that normalized and routinized violence, thereby motivating them to view enlistment in armed conflict as morally permissible and necessary for existential survival.
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Khayre, Ahmed Ali M. "Somalia: Making Human Rights Central to the State Rebuilding." Conflict Studies Quarterly 21 (October 3, 2017): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.21.2.

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ʿAwad, Muhsin. "Human rights in the Arab World (2009–10): the impact of wasted chances and the consecration of human rights violations." Contemporary Arab Affairs 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549765.

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This article is based on the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR) report on the situation of human rights in the Arab World (ʿAwad et al. 2010), which was issued in July 2010 and is comprehensive for the period extending from mid-2009 to mid-2010. This connotes a pivotal and decisive period when the Arab nation was obliged to confront critical decisions that will influence the future and the fate of the nation (ummah) for a long time to come. Across a wide range of pivotal issues central to the Arab nation there have been decisive gains at the level of the right of self-determination in Palestine and Iraq, and at the level of civil peace and territorial integrity in the Sudan, Somalia and Yemen, as well as on reform and democratic transition in many Arab countries. For a very long time there has not ceased to be a choice between development, social policies and Arab economic cooperation in the period between two global crises, the first of which depleted Arab sovereign funds by half and the second of which is brewing ominously on the horizon of the global economy. This paper tackles the most prominent features of the human rights condition through four main sections: the development of national legislation; political and civil rights; public freedoms; and developmental and environmental challenges and their impact on the implementation of social and economic rights.
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Khayre, Ahmed Ali M. "Politics of Justice, Human Rights and Reconciliation in the Collapsed State of Somalia." Amsterdam Law Forum 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37974/alf.279.

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Barber, Rebecca. "Facilitating humanitarian assistance in international humanitarian and human rights law." International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 874 (June 2009): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383109990154.

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AbstractIn 2008, 260 humanitarian aid workers were killed or injured in violent attacks. Such attacks and other restrictions substantially limit the ability of humanitarian aid agencies to provide assistance to those in need, meaning that millions of people around the world are denied the basic food, water, shelter and sanitation necessary for survival. Using the humanitarian crises in Darfur and Somalia as examples, this paper considers the legal obligation of state and non-state actors to consent to and facilitate humanitarian assistance. It is shown that the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, as well as customary international law, require that states consent to and facilitate humanitarian assistance which is impartial in character and conducted without adverse distinction, where failure to do so may lead to starvation or otherwise threaten the survival of a civilian population. This paper considers whether this obligation has been further expanded by the development of customary international law in recent years, as well as by international human rights law, to the point that states now have an obligation to accept and to facilitate humanitarian assistance in both international and non-international armed conflicts, even where the denial of such assistance does not necessarily threaten the survival of a civilian population.
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Forsythe, David P. "Choices More Ethical Than Legal: The International Committee of the Red Cross and Human Rights." Ethics & International Affairs 7 (March 1993): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00147.x.

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It may come as a surprise to many that the ICRC was the first agency established representing the International Red Cross and Red Crescent network to protect and assist victims of war and victims of politics. This article explores the ineffective consequences of international laws overseeing such victims and argues that proper implementation of these laws requires policy, without which laws can never be executed. ICRC has often coordinated relief for victims in such places as Somalia and Bosnia, in fact more than all the UN agencies combined, when the rest of the world was still ignoring them. When law is silent, and often during war time it is, human rights policies must be built on ethical choice.
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Charfi, M. "ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION: ASSISTANCE TO SOMALIA IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS." Refugee Survey Quarterly 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/15.1.117.

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Vogelaar, Femke. "Principles Corroborated by Practice? The Use of Country of Origin Information by the European Court of Human Rights in the Assessment of a Real Risk of a Violation of the Prohibition of Torture, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment." European Journal of Migration and Law 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 302–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342104.

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This article studies the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) approach to country of origin information in its case law under Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights. It will first examine the standard set by the ECtHR on the use of country of origin information, followed by an assessment of the application of these principles by the ECtHR in its case law. The article specifically focusses on the use of country of origin information in expulsion cases of applicants from Somalia, Tamils applicants from Sri Lanka and applicants from Iran. The analysis of the ECtHR’s case law in this article will show that the ECtHR does not apply its own standards in a transparent and consistent manner. This raises questions as to the quality of the ECtHR’s assessment of the risk of a violation of Article 3.
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Khamala, Charles Alenga. "Oversight of Kenya’s Counterterrorism Measures on Al-Shabaab." Law and Development Review 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 79–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0010.

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Abstract Citing comparative US, UK and European jurisprudence, this article proposes a pre-inchoate offence to punish terror suspects at the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. It traces the Kenya government’s twenty-first-century responses to distorted jihad fundamentalism culminating in the current escalating pogroms. Coercive executive counterterrorism responses make exceptions to universal human rights enshrined under liberal democratic constitutions and international instruments. Yet the legality principle constrains the use of pre-inchoate offences. Hence civil society’s resistance delayed the enactment of Kenya’s Prevention of Terrorism Act. Moreover, the Constitutional Court subsequently struck out as ‘vague and ambiguous’ the Security Law (Amendment) Act’s substantive provision which ‘presumed criminal intent for encouraging terror’. Procedurally, another dilemma arises. This concerns whether it is possible for an international terror suspect to have a fair domestic trial. Although ‘limited executive measures’ require some individuals to trade off their own liberties to safeguard the security of others, due diligence can prevent torture or targeted killings. Instead, following Kenyan ‘Operation Linda Nchi’s’ pre-emptive strikes since 2011, Al-Shabaab’s retaliation arguably spiralled into increased violations of the core human right to life. Enacting pre-inchoate offences instead deems Islamist terrorists, particularly secondary offenders, as rational actors. Using a ‘reverse harm thesis’ to justify the education of pre-inchoate offenders, I argue that regional criminal trials of terror suspects constitute better ‘effective oversight’ on human rights violations than executive, legislative or domestic judicial responses. Invoking ‘concurrent responsibility’ to prosecute Al-Shabaab suspects before the ACJHR can therefore facilitate AMISOM’s dignified ‘exit’ strategy from Somalia.
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Hashmi, Sohail H. "Is There an Islamic Ethic of Humanitarian Intervention?" Ethics & International Affairs 7 (March 1993): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00143.x.

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Recent interventions by non-Islamic states into conflicts involving Islamic nations have shifted the focus of debates within the Muslim community from the conflicts themselves to whether non-Muslim states have the moral right to intervene into Muslim matters at all. Hashmi delivers an overview of fundamental issues Western leaders ignored when evaluating their power of intervention in the Persian Gulf, Bosnia, Somalia, and Afghanistan. In Islamic law (sharia), for example, national sovereignty carries an explicitly separate and less clearly defined meaning than in Western philosophy. Lack of consensus within the international community on the definition and criteria of intervention exacerbates even further the flaw of not incorporating non-Western thought into the decision-making process of intervention. In the aftermath of the Cold War, Hashmi proposes this as a long overdue moment for reassessing the UN chapter on intervention, reappraising the value of human rights and justice, and most important, including Islamic thought into the new system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights – Somalia"

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Mendrok, Katarzyna. "Connection between human rights and the state capacity in Somalia." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14524.

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This thesis is about human rights and states. To be more specific, condition of human rights in Somalia. Human rights are universal moral laws of a fundamental nature, belonging to any individual in its relations with the state. Literature treats state as a main protector of human rights and at the same time as a main violator. When protector turns into major threat? Does the state capacity matter? My analysis provides support for my hypothesis that the stronger the state, the better condition of human rights. Strong state is able to protect its citizens, while weak states lack capacity to provide security. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether Somalia as a failed state has capacity to protect human rights.
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Hersi, Mohamed Farah. "The possibilites of international prosecution against the former Somali militry regime for human rights abuses in Somaliland from 1981 - 1991: establishing individual criminal and civil responsibility under international law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8055.

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Since the aftermath of the brutal civil war in Somaliland, no one has systematically considered the human rights atrocities committed by one of the most brutal regimes in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is the objective of this study, firstly, to throw light on the international rules which govern those crimes committed in Somaliland during the military regime. Secondly, the study will apply those rules to the case of Somaliland, based on the available evidence. Thirdly, the study will establish a case for the international prosecution of those who bear the greatest responsibilities for the human rights atrocities that occurred in Somaliland. Fourthly, this study will investigate which international mechanism provides the best chance of serving as an adequate prosecutorial mechanism. Finally, the study will analyse the role of individual criminal responsibility under international criminal law
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Frans Viljoen of the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Wissel, Alyssa. "Evaluation of Dadaab’s Refugee Camp Closure Plan: A Comparative & Historical Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522339948013192.

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Mireille, Tankama Lwamba. "The impact of harmful customary practices in Africa: case of female genital mutilation in Somalia as a violation of human rights." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4425.

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Magister Legum - LLM
This thesis sets out to examine the practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in Somalia and its impact on women. The political instability in Somalia provides an opportunity for the increase of all forms of violations of human rights. The prevalence of FGM/C in Somalia has been declared as the highest in the World, but the Somali Government has not taken any steps to address the problem. This study was motivated by the dire situation of women in Somalia. Women suffer from gender inequality in the sense that societal practices – and norms dictate that women’s sexuality be controlled with a view to suppressing their sexual desires. In this way; their rights are violated. Infibulation and sunna performed on women come with immediate and late complications including death, infection, sexual dysfunction, and exposure to HIV infection. Somalia is one of the African countries where women’s rights are almost non-existent. As Dirie notes: ‘if genital mutilation were a problem affecting men, the matter would long be settled.’ International human rights instruments help this study to investigate whether customary practices such as FGM/C are harmful to Somali women and children and whether they constitute violence against women. This practice prevents women from enjoying fundamental rights as recognized by international human rights standards. It is universally known that FGM/C constitutes a violation against women and girls’ rights because they are forced to embrace the practice. Consequently, several rights are violated such as the right to equality, the rights to freedom from all forms of torture and cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment, the right to freedom from harmful customary practices, the rights of the child, and the right to health. The persistent practice of FGM/C is mainly a result of the absence of specific legislation proscribing it as well as the political instability that creates an environment conductive to the wanton violation of the rights of citizens. A recent Somali provisional constitution has recognised FGM/C as a violation of children’s rights but the law is not enforced.Infibulation and sunna are part of Somali culture. That is why attempts to eradicate the practice create a dilemma for the authorities. This has invariably placed Universalists and cultural relativists on a collision course. Ensuing government inaction has resulted in numerous reservations being made to stall the adoption of certain instruments of human rights law such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). This is because cultural relativists do not consider FGM/C as a violation, but as an expression and fulfilment of Somalis’ culture as provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948. As argued by Packer, human dignity and life represent universal values for everyone; even if FGM/C is a part of culture, certain limitations must be implemented to preserve people’s fundamental rights. This thesis agrees with the stance that FGM/C violates women’s health. This is due to the absence of proper legislation in Somalia, inadequate literacy and the collapse of the political system. Recommendations include the proposal that legal strategies to eradicate FGM/C must be accompanied by broad policies and grassroots programmes such as educational activities to explain to people the risks of this practice and how communities can remedy it without affecting their cultural tenets.
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Almeida, Márcia Alexandra Santos Ferreira. "Os direitos humanos em tempos de paz negativa. A Síria e a Somália como estudos de caso." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18770.

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A questão dos Direitos Humanos e as suas violações continuam a passar despercebidas a nível mundial. Perante uma Paz negativa, é o dever da comunidade internacional interferir na construção de Paz em Estados dominados pela violência e fazer esforços na prevenção de conflitos. Os confrontos que se alastram em diferentes regiões da Somália, sob controlo de grupos rebeldes e a escalada de violência que levou a uma crise humanitária na Síria, com habitantes de ambos os países a terem de se deslocar e a refugiarem-se em países vizinhos por não se sentirem seguros no próprio país, são os estudos de caso escolhidos para analisar o que tem falhado na sua resolução. É também necessário realçar a emergência dos Estudos da Paz, presentes na ordem do dia da política mundial na mediação de conflitos, na gestão de crises e cooperação nas sociedades afetadas pela violência; Abstract: Human Rights in times of negative peace. Syria and Somalia as case studies The human rights subject and their violations continue unnoticed in a global level. Faced with a negative peace, it is the duty of the internacional community to assist in building peace in states where violence dominates and make efforts in preventing conflicts. The deadly confrontations that spread through diferentes regions in Somalia, under the control of rebels groups, and the escalation of violence that led to a humanitarian crisis in Syria, with the population of both countries moving around and taking shelters in neighbor countries because they don’t feel safe in their own, are the case studies chosen to analyze what has failed in their solution. It is also necessary to enhance the emergency of Peace Studies, which comes in the agenda of world politics in conflict mediation, in crisis management and cooperation in societies affected by violence.
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Keyanti, Frederick Kanjo. "The plight of internally displaced persons (IDPs) during armed conflict: the case of Sudan and Somalia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7839_1257146321.

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The plight of internally displaced persons (IDPs)in Sudan and Somalia constitutes one of the greatest human tragedy of our time since the end of the Cold War. The concept of IDPs is immense and growing. This research paper addressed the plight of IDPs during armed conflict in Sudan and Somalia. This paper also investigated into the existing institutional and legal frameworks for the protection of IDPs during armed conflict and critically highlight some of the weaknesses of these institutions and legal instruments that protect IDPs during armed conflict.

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Vasko, Timothy. "Human, not too human: a critical semiotic of drones and drone warfare." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4417.

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Taking as its starting point Nietzsche’s and Foucault’s theses on liberalism and war, and Dillon and Reid’s extensive engagement thereof, this thesis offers a critical conceptualization of drones and drone warfare. I argue that deployment of drones specifically over and against bodies and communities in conflict zones in and between Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia, and until recently, Libya, is the material practice of a legal and political doctrine and precedent that has been established and policed most prominently by the United States and its military and intelligence apparatuses since the end of the Cold War. This novel precedent, however - due to its necessarily mutually constitutive relationship with a perceived danger said to be emerging from specific spaces, bodies, and communities in the decolonized and still-colonized worlds - locates its ontological and thus political genealogy in the anthropological knowledge that legally justified the (in)humanity of peoples and communities in these spaces during the era of high imperialism that lasted roughly from the nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. I theorize this as a mode of political, tragic nihilism through a reading of some key theories of Deleuze and Guattari, Foucault, and Nietzsche and specifically, their import to the field of critical security and international relations theory. I demonstrate that the semiotic image of the drone is a highly pertinent point of departure through which we can understand these political stakes of strategic discourses enunciating the imperatives of both the Revolution in Military Affairs as well as recent global counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations, specifically as they relate to claims about what it is drones are said to productively offer such militaristic projects. Ultimately, I argue that it is through the semiotic image of the drone as a clean, precise tactic that furthers the strategic goals of counterterrorism to target specific bodies that we can begin to politically theorize a particularly malignant political nihilism symptomatic of contemporary liberal societies. However, I also suggest that it is through Nietzsche’s politics of nihilism that we can begin to think about radical critical interventions that resist such a dangerous mode of politics.
Graduate
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Branco, Maria de Deus Cordeiro Vara. "Modern piracy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17116.

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A definição de pirataria ou a desmistificação da sua origem, no tempo e espaço, revela maiores dificuldades do que atualmente. Com este trabalho propusemo-nos a estudar como é que a pirataria era perpetrada e entendida no passado, bem como no presente. Também nos propomos a identificar limitações legais e as medidas operativas no combate à pirataria, como por exemplo: limites conceptuais, lacunas, estratégias, entre outros. Por outro lado, atendemos as soluções encontradas no combate à pirataria sem deixar de observar fraqueza da lei e conflitos entre jurisdições. Por fim, o curso da história dá-nos a seguinte percepção: a pirataria era tida como crime se fosse contra os interesses das nações. O desinteresse dos Estados para reprimir a pirataria possibilitou o seu aumento, proliferação, domínio e sofisticação em certas regiões do Mundo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo trazer para o centro da discussão os direitos humanos numa perspetiva tripla: proibição da pirataria, supressão e raízes, aliando o estudo de possíveis respostas a dar a esta epidemia.
The definition of piracy or to define its origin in time and space is far too complicated and difficult than it has been in the recent times. This study attempts to reveal how piracy was originally perpetrated and understood, proceeded by a contemporary perspective. It also intends to identify limitations of laws and counterattacks, such as: conceptual limits, gaps, marginal strategies and other aspects. We attempt to contemplate a range of solutions to prosecute pirates, revealing the legal weakness and jurisdictional conflicts. Finally, the course of history gives us the following perception: piracy was seen as a crime if it opposed to interests of nations. The lack of interest of States to suppress piracy and its unconcern led to its entrenched, proliferation, domain and sophistication in certain regions of the globe. This work has the aim to bring the branch of human rights to the core of the problem in a three – pronged approach: piracy prohibition, suppression and roots, studying the available theories about this epidemic problem.
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Sigamoney, Rosalind Florence. "The reasons that promote the resilience of a Somali community residing in Fordsburg/Mayfair, Johannesburg." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22672.

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Since 2012 more than 295 676 migrants have arrived in South Africa. Somalis form one of the most visible migrant minorities in the country. Since various studies have been conducted into the mistreatment of migrants and its psychological effects, this study aimed to investigate the reasons that led to the resilience of the Somali community residing in Fordsburg/Mayfair, Johannesburg despite the challenges they encountered. The sample for the study was selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of face-to-face semi-structured interviews and subsequently analysed following Colaizzi’s (1978) descriptive phenomenological method of data analysis. The findings of the study show that the participants experienced several challenges en route to South Africa and once they reached the country. Their resilience can be attributed to reasons such as individual determination to achieve change, the Somali communal culture, religion and spirituality, the family spirit, gender role adaptation and hard work.
Psychology
M.A. (Research Consultation)
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Books on the topic "Human rights – Somalia"

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Amnesty International. Somalia: Urgent need for effective human rights protection under the new transitional government. London, U.K: Amnesty International, International Secretariat, 2005.

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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. "So much to fear": War crimes and the devastation of Somalia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2008.

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United States. General Accounting Office. National Security and International Affairs Division., United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs., and United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa., eds. Somalia: Observations regarding the northern conflict and resulting conditions : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

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Africa Watch Committee. Somalia, no mercy in Mogadishu: The human cost of the conflict & the struggle for relief. New York, NY: Africa Watch, 1992.

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Vivekananda, Franklin. Tiger torture under one-party rule: Exploring Africa's human rights abuses in Kenya, with a discourse on Rwanda, Somalia and Malawi. Stockholm, Sweden: Bethany Books, 1994.

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Fine, Jonathan E. Hidden enemies: Land mines in Northern Somalia : a report. [Boston, MA]: Physicians for Human Rights, 1992.

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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. "You don't know who to blame": War crimes in Somalia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2011.

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Status and (human rights) obligations of non-recognized de facto regimes in international law: The case of 'Somaliland' : the resurrection of Somaliland against all international 'odds' : state collapse, secession, non-recognition, and human rights. Leiden: M. Nijhoff, 2004.

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Prendergast, John. The bones of our children are not yet buried: The looming spectre of famine and massive human rights abuse in Somalia. Washington, D.C: Center of Concern, 1994.

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Africa, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on. Reported massacres and indiscriminate killings in Somalia: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, July 14, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights – Somalia"

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Shaw, Ibrahim Seaga. "‘Operation Restore Hope’ in Somalia and Genocide in Rwanda." In Human Rights Journalism, 122–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230358874_7.

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Garibo-Peyró, Ana-Paz. "Somalia: From the Errors of Colonialism to the Horrors of War." In Globalization and Human Rights, 113–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4020-4_5.

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Lau, Raymond Kwun Sun. "Getting Beyond the Somalia Syndrome? Revisiting the United States’ Intervention in Liberia 15 Years Later." In Reimagining Justice, Human Rights and Leadership in Africa, 103–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25143-7_6.

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Beyer, Gregg A. "Human Rights Monitoring: Lessons Learnt From the Case of the Issaks in Somalia." In Early Warning and Conflict Resolution, 15–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22216-2_2.

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"Humanitarian intervention in Somalia." In Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms, Strategic Framing, and Intervention, 77–107. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203080948-12.

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Pruce, Joel R. "The spectacle of suffering and humanitarian intervention in Somalia." In Media, Mobilization, and Human Rights. Zed Books Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350221338.ch-008.

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Kieran, David. "Humanitarian intervention in the 1990s: cultural remembrance and the reading of Somalia as Vietnam." In Media, Mobilization, and Human Rights. Zed Books Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350221338.ch-001.

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Hagmann, Tobias, and Mohammed Mealin Seid. "Ending Impunity." In War and Peace in Somalia, 71–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947910.003.0005.

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Impunity in Somalia has become so deeply entrenched over the years that it has become the norm. Since the Siad Barre period (1969–1991), both local and foreign actors have repeatedly committed war crimes and other serious rights abuses that remain unaddressed to this day. This chapter explains why accountability is not only a human rights imperative, but a cornerstone of a more effective political strategy in Somalia. The chapter briefly reviews the main abuses and atrocities of the last 30 years; identifies the reasons why perpetrators have literally got away with murder; identifies the costs of continued impunity and inaction; and proposes a number of measures in view of a comprehensive strategy to foster both redress and accountability in Somalia.
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Zelizer, Julian E. "Conservatives, Carter, and the Politics of National Security." In Governing America. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691150734.003.0018.

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This chapter examines how the conservative movement redefined and championed centrism by capitalizing on President Jimmy Carter's political struggles caused by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1980. The Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan seemed to confirm everything that conservatives had been saying about Carter, his national security policies, and the weakness of the Democratic Party. It ended a decade-long quest among Democrats and moderate Republicans for a centrist national security agency. The chapter considers Carter's human rights initiatives and his contentious relationship with conservatives on issues such as the Panama Canal. It argues that Soviet aggression in Somalia and Afghanistan undermined Carter's ability to deliver on the promise of détente and that the defeat of the center in national security politics during the 1970s was a watershed moment in the history of modern American conservatism.
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10

Fung, Courtney J. "Historical Overview of China and Intervention at the UN Security Council." In China and Intervention at the UN Security Council, 15–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842743.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 sets the scene regarding China’s record on intervention at the UN Security Council since assuming its seat in 1971. The chapter illustrates how the UN Security Council takes an increasingly expansive view as to what is under its purview—including massive human rights abuses as threats to international peace and security—and the different tools to address these threats (sanctions, the International Criminal Court, peacekeeping operations etc.), against a changing normative discourse regarding the protection of civilians, the responsibility to protect, and the norm of accountability. While China shows calibrated flexibility regarding intervention across the decades, China is still consistent in preferring UN Security Council authorized, consent-based interventions, supported by regional players. However, these principles are applied pragmatically, against an assessment of China’s interests, the circumstances of each country case, and a changing normative framework regarding intervention. In the last decades, there are three trends in China’s approach to intervention: enduring scepticism about the benefits of non-consensual Chapter VII activities; a preference to not make Chapter VII intervention a trend; and the persistence of status as a concern in China’s decision-making. The chapter discusses critical historical cases in detail, including intervention into Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, Somalia, Rwanda, East Timor, and failed attempts at intervention into Guatemala, Macedonia, Myanmar, and Zimbabwe.
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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights – Somalia"

1

Liwång, Hans, and Jonas W. Ringsberg. "Ship Security Analysis: The Effect of Ship Speed and Effective Lookout." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10166.

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The threat of piracy to commercial shipping is a concern for the protection and safeguarding of human lives, property and environment. Therefore, ships under piracy threat should follow security measures suggested by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somali. It is, therefore, important to choose the proper security measures for the right situation. This study presents a simulation model that can be used for probabilistic risk assessments regarding the operation of commercial ships. This investigation specifically studies the pirate approach phase and quantifies the effect of ship speed and effective lookout. The purpose of introducing probabilistic risk assessment into the analysis of pirate attacks is to meet safety goals more effectively through a well-balanced combination of proactive and reactive measures whilst keeping focus on the intended over all purpose of the particular ship. The study presents collected and documented knowledge regarding pirate capability, intention and likelihood to perform attacks. The knowledge is collected from experts with experience from the situation off the Horn of Africa. The collected information is input to an influence analysis that identifies the network of influences that govern the skiff approach. The simulation model describes piracy characteristics and decision making on the threatened ship, the characteristics and countermeasures of the ship under attack, as well as weather. Based on a comparison with available statistics the overall conclusion of the work is that the threat analysis and the simulation model can quantify and explain how the studied risk control options affect the probability of a successful approach. The result therefore exemplifies how a quantified ship security analysis can support the recommendations in industry guidelines and also enable recommendations that to a greater extent can facilitate an educated decision by the ship operators.
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