Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights, soviet union

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights, soviet union'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Farber, Samuel, and Albert Szymanski. "Human Rights in the Soviet Union." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 2 (March 1986): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071742.

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Graham, Loren R. "Scientists, human rights, and the Soviet Union." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 42, no. 4 (April 1986): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1986.11459348.

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Li, Ziqian. "Analysis of the Educational Legislation and its Influence of the Former Soviet Union." BCP Education & Psychology 3 (November 2, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v3i.17.

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This paper introduces the stages and specific problems of Soviet educational legislation. First, the Legislation of the Soviet Union established many vital institutions, such as the system of equality between men and women in education. Secondly, the Soviet legislature and the Soviet Union also institutionalized Marxist ideas about freedom of learning and the overall development of human beings. Thirdly, in the practice of the Soviet Union, how to balance the relationship between freedom, equality and efficiency has become a topic worthy of subsequent discussion. Moreover, Soviet legislation influenced subsequent international human rights legislation and laid the foundation. On this basis, the subsequent international human rights legislation has been further improved.
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Hurst, Mark. "‘Gamekeeper Turned Poacher’: Frank Chapple, Anti-Communism, and Soviet Human Rights Violations1." Labour History Review: Volume 86, Issue 3 86, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2021.14.

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The inclusion of the British trade union leader Frank Chapple on the panel of the 1985 Sakharov hearings, an event designed to hold the Soviet authorities to account for their violation of human rights, raises questions about the workings of the broader network of activists highlighting Soviet abuses. This article assesses Chapple’s support for human rights in the Soviet Union, arguing that because of his historic membership of the Communist Party and subsequent anti-communist leadership of the Electrical Trades Union (ETU) in Britain, his support for victims of Soviet persecution was multifaceted in the Cold War context.
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Thomas, Daniel C. "Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 7, no. 2 (April 2005): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1520397053630600.

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This article analyzes the role of human-rights ideas in the collapse of Communism. The demise of Communist rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was significantly influenced by the transnational diffusion of humanrights ideas. The analysis focuses on how human-rights norms were transmitted to Soviet dissidents and policymakers. The article also considers precisely how, and how much, these norms affected policy. The two primary causal mechanisms were the transmission of these ideas by a transnational Eastern European social movement for human rights, which expanded the roster of available political concepts and the terms of political legitimacy, and the mechanism of “rhetorical entrapment” whereby Soviet leaders became “trapped” or constrained to uphold their rhetorical commitment to the Helsinki Accords by the expanding discourse of human rights. Subsequently, Soviet leaders accepted human rights ideas for both substantive and instrumental reasons. Western power played some role, but the ideas themselves were salient, legitimate, and resonant for Soviet leaders seeking a new identity and destiny for the Soviet Union.
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Kasyanov, R. A., and E. A. Torkunova. "Securing Human Rights on the Post-Soviet Space." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-56-62.

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Abstract: A lot of profound political, economic, social, cultural and legislative modifications have happened on the post-Soviet space since the disintegration of the USSR. The term “post-Soviet space” should not be considered as the geographical boundaries of the fifteen former Soviet republics. The conception of the “post-Soviet space” has a more profound meaning as it reflects the common historical and cultural heritage as well as close economic relations, moreover, friendship between the citizens of the new independent States. The most developed sphere in the interstate relations nowadays is economics. The most prime example is Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), the youngest integration institution in the world which unites five countries willing to construe their relationship on a stronger basis than the proposed format of cooperation within the Commonwealth of the Independent States. In the modern world the economic and financial interests are determining, their ensuring makes the governments change foreign and domestic policies, start and terminate trade wars, desperately fight for the respect of their legal rights or, on the contrary, voluntarily give up on some parts of their sovereignty in the framework of integration development. The experience of the European Union demonstrates that the construction of the unified internal market within which freely move persons, goods, services and capitals is a necessary but not the only attribute of a successful integration project. At a certain moment the complex of economic and financial interests should be supplied with the interests of a concrete person. A strict observation of rights and freedoms is becoming a factor that predetermines a possibility of a conversion to the higher forms of integration. In this article is analyzed the problem of human rights defense in the main organizations functioning on the post-Soviet space - Eurasian Economic Union and Commonwealth of the Independent States.
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Korey, William. "Helsinki, Human Rights, and the Gorbachev Style." Ethics & International Affairs 1 (March 1987): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1987.tb00518.x.

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Human rights is one of three issues addressed by the Helsinki Accord, alongside security and trade matters. In the mid-seventies the accord was greeted with enthusiasm by the Soviet Union, which saw it as a means to reduce the U.S. presence in Europe. The United States, which played a limited role in drafting the accord, feared it might result in a betrayal of the various nationalities of Eastern Europe by its tacit acceptance of Soviet territorial arrangements. Over the next ten years the human rights section of the accord would become a central point of contention between the superpowers. Korey traces the evolution of the dispute and discusses Gorbachev's uneven attempts to improve the Soviet Union's recognition of human rights.
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Iermakov, Nadia, and Nehemia Stern. "Gendering the Struggle: Women’s Voices of Resistance and the Jewish Movement in the Soviet Union." Religions 15, no. 3 (February 29, 2024): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15030310.

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This article analyzes the contribution of women to the Soviet Union’s Jewish movement. We argue that an assessment of the personal stories of Jewish female activists in the former Soviet Union reveals a uniquely meaningful impact on the exodus of Jewry from the Soviet Union, the image of the Soviet Jewish struggle in the international arena, and the establishment of a human rights movements in its support. We explore who these women were, their personal identities, and through what factors they became so successful as prominent leaders in their communities as well as within international organizations. More broadly, by highlighting the link between women’s human rights activities and personal life stories, this article emphasizes a more nuanced analysis concerning the complexity of heroism within national freedom movements through its impact on their careers, mental health, and future destinies.
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Martin, Barbara. "The Sakharov-Medvedev Debate on Détente and Human Rights." Journal of Cold War Studies 23, no. 3 (2021): 138–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01009.

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Abstract This article examines the debate between Soviet dissidents Andrei Sakharov and Roy Medvedev in the 1970s concerning the Jackson-Vanik Amendment and détente. Although both dissidents stood for East-West détente and democratization of the Soviet system and believed in the possibility of a dialogue with Soviet leaders until 1970, they later diverged in their views about methods of action. As Sakharov lost faith in the possibility of influencing the Soviet regime headed by Leonid Brezhnev, he shifted to a more radical position, adopting the language of human rights and turning to Western politicians and public opinion as an audience for his calls. Sakharov's public embrace of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment was in line with his advocacy of freedom of emigration and his belief that the West should extract concessions in the field of human rights before granting trade benefits to the Soviet Union. Medvedev, by contrast, argued that the amendment was counterproductive insofar as it risked alienating Soviet leaders and triggering adverse results. He considered that détente should be encouraged for its own sake, with the hope that over time it would spur democratization in the country. Medvedev's argument had much in common with the West German leader Willy Brandt's notion of “change through rapprochement,” a concept invoked as a rationale for Brandt's Ostpolitik. Although Sakharov's position earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, the Helsinki Accords showed how détente could serve the cause of human rights even with the Cold War under way.
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Charnovitz, Steven. "The Human Rights of Foreign Labor." Worldview 28, no. 1 (January 1985): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900046416.

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Little noticed by the press. United States trade policy is undergoing significant changes aimed at promoting the rights of workers in foreign countries—changes achieved through the use of both a carrot and a stick. The carrot, now being offered to the less-developed world, is dutyfree access to the U.S. market for qualifying products exported by countries that meet certain new criteria on bbor. The stick is a ban on imports made by forced labor— something the Reagan administration is under increasing pressure to invoke against the Soviet Union. While it is too early to gauge the success of such attempts at exercising economic leverage, they may yet become a milestone in the march of human rights.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Peterson, Christian Philip. "Wielding the Human Rights Weapon: The United States, Soviet Union, and Private Citizens, 1975-1989." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1242234040.

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Stormont, Nathan Alexander. "A New Faith? Rights Agitation, National Aspirations and Self-Determination in the Soviet Periphery, 1965-1985." Thesis, Department of History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10250.

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This thesis investigates the intersection of human rights-talk, national aspirations and their respective origins on the peripheries of the Soviet Empire, 1965-1985. In particular, it challenges the so-called ‘Helsinki Effect’, that a Western discourse of liberalism and human rights was responsible for the demise of the Soviet Empire. Instead, I argue that distinct and organic conceptualisations of human rights existed under developed socialism. These alternative discourses were conceptually divorced from international human rights norms, instead grounded in socialist legality, historical experience, or in regional ideology. With specific reference to the national concerns and political demands of Ukrainians, Poles and Soviet Jews, I trace the ideological and historical lineages of home-grown understandings of the right of self-determination, contextualising dissident thought in these nationalities’ own experiences of identity, independence and subjugation.
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Salitan, Laurie P. "An analysis of Soviet Jewish emigration in the 1970s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f984e4b9-f578-4ee9-89d5-b26a65cca29b.

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Domestic, not foreign affairs drove Soviet policy on Jewish emigration during the period of 1968-1989. This study challenges the prevailing view that fluctuating levels of exit from the USSR were correlated to the climate of relations between the USA and the USSR. The analysis also considers Soviet-German emigration for comparative perspective. Extensive historical background, with special emphasis on Soviet nationality policy is provided.
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O'Hallaron, Carol Mary. "American human rights policy toward the Soviet Union in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1975 to 1989 : the Belgrade, Madrid, and Vienna review meetings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339536.

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Hurst, Mark. "British human rights organisations and Soviet dissent, 1965-1985." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591929.

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This thesis develops the literature on the role of human rights in the Cold War by highlighting the impact of British human rights organisations in the response to Soviet dissent. It argues that human rights groups played an essential role in compiling and distributing information on Soviet dissenters to all levels of British society. These groups all held empiricism at the centre of their campaigns, utilising an array of information to support their activism. This approach entailed the development of relationships between groups, which led to a network of activists, all working towards supporting Soviet dissenters. The first chapter of th is thesis assesses Amnesty International's output on Soviet dissenters, focusing on the groups publications. Amnesty's translation of the samizdat journal The Chronicle of Current Events and its own publication Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR were influential on journalists and other human rights groups. The high level of research produced by Amnesty in this period was in deep contrast to its overstretched research department, who are considered in depth. The second chapter focuses on groups formed to respond to the Soviet political abuse of psychiat ry as a way to suppress political dissidents. It explores how groups such as the Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals and the Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse campaigned on behalf of dissidents, and demonstrates the influence that they had on official groups such as the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The final chapter examines the response to religious persecution in the Soviet Union, focusing on the demonstrative campaigning of the Women's Campaign for Soviet Jewry (the 35's) and the more academic Keston College. This chapter demonstrates how despite the outward differences between these two organisations, they held much in common such as a reliance on an empirical method in their campaigns.
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Helton, Crystal Denise. "Discourses of disappointment the betrayal of women's emancipation following the French and Russian revolutions /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=226.

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Fitzpatrick, Robert Shane. "The Helsinki final act and human rights in Soviet-American relations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18882.

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Bartels, Lorand. "Human rights conditionality in the EU's international agreements /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/490848184.pdf.

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Leino-Sandberg, Päivi. "Particularity as universality : the politics of human rights in the European Union /." Helsinki : Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/oik/erikc/vk/leino-sandberg/particul.pdf.

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Stoklosa, Arkadiusz. "Human rights in Turkey." Licentiate thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2281.

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This thesis is about Turkish accession to the European Union and criteria to be fulfilled in order to become a member state. At Helsinki summit there were defined four main areas, that are the main obstacles of Turkish membership in the structures of EU – military influence in domestic politics, economy disproportions, the issues of minorities living in Turkey and problems with obeying human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition the attitude among European countries and Turkish political elites has changed dramatically since 1999. There is a great discussion, whose main purpose is, to show if Turkey should or shouldn’t become a part of united Europe. With the help of created conceptual framework, which is empirically based on qualitative methods and with theoretical approach in form of analysis considering human rights, I have developed a set of three hypotheses, that are based on primary and secondary sources like EU, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International reports considering changes of Turkish attitude to the question of human rights. In the process of testing validity or invalidity of those hypotheses, I have tried to conclude, why the implication of reforms considering human is the main obstacle of Turkish membership in the EU.


The paper may be used free, but it is forbidden to copy or use directly any parts of it without earlier contact with author.
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Books on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Schifter, Richard. Human rights, the Soviet Union, and the Helsinki process. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.

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Rubenstein, Joshua. Soviet dissidents: Their struggle for human rights. 2nd ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.

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(Organization), Human Rights Watch, and Inter-Republic Memorial Society, eds. Conflict in the Soviet Union: Black January in Azerbaidzhan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.

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Kushen, Robert. Conflict in the Soviet Union: Black January in Azerbaidzhan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.

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United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Human rights and democratization in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. Washington, DC: The Commission, 1993.

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International, Sakharov Hearings (5th 1985 London England). Fifth International Sakharov Hearing: Proceedings, April 1985. London: A. Deutsch, 1986.

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United States Catholic Conference. Administrative Board. Statement on the developments in the Soviet Union and the crisis in Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C: Office for Publishing and Promotion Services, United States Catholic Conference, 1991.

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Baltic Tribunal Against the Soviet Union (1985 Copenhagen, Denmark). The Baltic Tribunal Against the Soviet Union, July 25 & 26, 1985, Copenhagen. [Rockville, Md: World Federation of Free Latvians, 1985.

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Low, Alfred D. Soviet Jewry and Soviet policy. [Boulder, Colo.]: East European Monographs, 1990.

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Krag, Khelen. The north Caucasus: Minorities at a crossroads. [London]: Minority Rights Group, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Baehr, Peter R. "The Soviet Union and Its Successors." In The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy, 97–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25046-2_8.

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Baehr, Peter R. "The Soviet Union and Its Successors." In The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy, 95–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23480-6_8.

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Elliot, Iain. "The Helsinki Process and Human Rights in the Soviet Union." In Human Rights and Foreign Policy, 91–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09334-2_6.

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Sayapin, Sergey. "Human Rights in Central Asia: Challenges and Perspectives." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia, 15–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_2.

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AbstractEver since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, “human rights” has been a contentious term in the states of post-Soviet Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). Whereas all Central Asian states are parties to the major multilateral human rights instruments, significant human rights problems persist. Issues such as the rule of law, gender inequality, domestic violence, freedom of the press, and electoral rights are particularly acute. Progress was made in overcoming the Soviet legacy of the human rights nihilism in a few areas, but the Central Asian states still have a way to go to improve their human rights records. National human rights institutions should be accorded real powers. The quality of dialogue between governments and civil society should be improved. Ultimately, societal attitudes toward human rights should shift from perceiving the concept as “Western” and “alien to local cultures” to more constructive paradigms.
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Leontiev, Lucia, and Punsara Amarasinghe. "Soviet Union Dissolution and Thirty Years of Independence." In State-Building, Rule of Law, Good Governance and Human Rights in Post-Soviet Space, 1–13. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198024-1.

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Galushko, Artem. "A Union or, rather, a Dis-Union of Nations?" In State-Building, Rule of Law, Good Governance and Human Rights in Post-Soviet Space, 150–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198024-14.

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Mihr, Anja. "Human Rights Education and Human Rights in Central Asia." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia, 31–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_3.

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AbstractHuman rights education (HRE) is at once a tool, the means, and a method to empower individuals in human rights. The 2011 United Nations (UN) Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training (HRET) encourages stakeholders and learners to disseminate information about human rights norms to equip people with knowledge and understanding, instruments, and mechanisms—and ultimately with skills. According to the HRET Declaration, educators and trainers aim to empower people by means of their awareness regarding the mutual benefits of human rights compliance. But for that to happen, people must not only understand human rights, but also believe in them as tools and mechanisms to solve problems and improve their living environment. Human rights are universally shared moral values, such as friendship, solidarity, fairness, respect, and trust. Human rights treaties and agreements set the written legal and political frameworks for these values. They encompass legally and politically binding instruments and mechanisms to implement and enforce human rights which apply worldwide. One vital human rights instrument is the UN International Bill of Human Rights. This covers ten core treaties and declarations of human rights, the majority of which have been signed, ratified, and recognized by all five Central Asian states—Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—since their independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. However, the extent to which these universal norms can be taught and taken as benchmarks to empower individual citizens depends largely on the political regimes, the capability, and the willingness of governments. The latter establish the framework that would allow civil society organizations (CSOs) to train people and to report on human rights violations. Governments also determine the extent to which human rights are incorporated in formal education and school curricula. None of the Central Asian countries has a National Action Plan for HRE, as requested by the UN, but some allow CSOs to conduct informal training.
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Varpahovskis, E., and A. Kuteleva. "Transnational Higher Education—The Case of Kazakhstan." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_5.

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AbstractIn the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, higher education in Central Asia started to rapidly internationalize. The work of transnational higher education institutions (THEIs), including branch campuses and schools sponsored by international organizations, allows the Central Asian states to de-monopolize and diversify sources of knowledge and technologies. Human rights education is one of the new fields of research and teaching introduced through the curricula of THEIs in Central Asia. Using the case of Kazakhstan, we analyze the proliferation of courses related to human rights in THEIs. Our findings show that despite the presence of such courses in some THEIs, stakeholders such as the state and the universities themselves demonstrate little if any interest in human rights education. As a result, human rights are only taught at THEIs in Kazakhstan to a limited extent. We suggest further ways to explore this phenomenon in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian states.
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Peterson, Christian Philip. "The Reagan Administration’s Efforts to Promote Human Rights and Democracy in the Soviet Union." In The Reagan Administration, the Cold War, and the Transition to Democracy Promotion, 95–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96382-2_5.

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Hien, Melanie, Florian Kuebler, and Aikerim Nazaralieva. "Human Rights in Central Asia—Between Internationalization and Nation-Building." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_1.

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AbstractHuman rights education and knowledge dissemination in Central Asia have been developing since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The countries in the region have a mixture of democratic, authoritarian, and autocratic systems, which, for human rights defenders in particular, can pose challenges. Over the course of the last three decades, their opportunities have either been restricted or expanded. Against this background, in 2021, the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies (IOS) in Regensburg, Germany, conducted a project in collaboration with the OSCE Academy in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, which included a one-week workshop entitled “Human Rights in Central Asia—Between Internationalization and Nation-Building.” Both civil society activists and young professionals attended the workshop, where they reported on their experiences in human rights education, empowerment, knowledge dissemination, and state-building in Central Asia. There are three key questions to be addressed in this context: What are the outcomes of the workshop discussions concerning human rights instruments, legislation related to civil society organizations (CSOs), the role of civil societies, and the sustainability of CSO projects, as well as how their impact is measured? Further, what observations can be made and what lessons learned from this for human rights education and knowledge dissemination, specifically with regard to research, teaching, material, and social media usage? And, finally, what recommendations can be made for the national, international, state, and non-state actors involved in human rights education, empowerment, and knowledge dissemination in Central Asia?
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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Niftiyev, Ibrahim. "A comparison of institutional quality in the South Caucasus." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.9.

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Much has happened in the three countries of the South Caucasus-namely, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia-since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Political events, institutional reforms, and economic development have resulted in greater economic welfare in these countries after the painful transition period of the 1990s. However, it remains to be seen whether they have achieved any solid results or whether they still have much to accomplish. While the answer is ambiguous, each country has followed a different political, geopolitical, economic, and institutional path and achieved different economic outcomes despite their close geographical proximity to each other. This paper compares the available data on economic and institutional quality in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia to portray the overall situation in terms of changes in institutional patterns. Then, special attention is given to Azerbaijan, as the country is considered to be oil-rich and thus resource-dependent. A comparative perspective on institutional quality suggests that Georgia has been a leading country in terms of institutions and effective bureaucracy-building, despite having lower economic indicators compared to Azerbaijan. Moreover, while Armenia is positioned between Georgia and Azerbaijan in terms of institutional quality, its economic growth is similar to Georgia's. Lastly, institutional variables (e.g., control of corruption, rule of law, and government effectiveness, and human rights) in Azerbaijan are negatively correlated with oil-related variables. This result aligns with the natural resource curse and Dutch disease theories, which posit that oil boom periods in mineral-rich countries are associated with a deterioration in institutional quality, thereby leading to slower growth. Also, the results are important to build up analytical frameworks to address the Dutch disease or resource curse studies in the case of Azerbaijan in a comparative manner with oil-poor countries even if the scope is limited to the South Caucasian former Soviet Union countries.
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"Research on the Right of National Self - determination in Modern History from the Establishment of the Soviet Union." In 2017 International Conference on Humanities, Arts and Language. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/humal.2017.09.

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Рудман, М. Н., and Е. С. Баранова. "THE SOVIET PARADIGM OF HUMAN RIGHTS." In ИНСТИТУТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ГРАЖДАНИНА В ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56777/lawinn.2023.11.62.015.

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В статье анализируются идейно-политические истоки и особенности советской доктрины «прав трудящихся» как советского варианта реализации идеологии прав человека. В качестве идейных предпосылок советской конституционной доктрины рассматриваются античные и новоевропейские принципы естественного права и протестантские идеи самореализации личности. Рассматривается эволюция советской доктрины «прав трудящихся» от прямого противопоставления идеям и принципы либеральной концепции прав человека в первые годы развития советской власти к сближению с западным конституционализмом, проявившимся в разработке советской системы социально-экономических прав личности в Конституции СССР 1936 года. The article analyzes the ideological and political origins and features of the Soviet doctrine of "workers' rights" as a Soviet version of the implementation of the ideology of human rights. Ancient and New European principles of natural law and Protestant ideas of personal self-realization are considered as ideological prerequisites of the Soviet constitutional doctrine. The article considers the evolution of the Soviet doctrine of "workers' rights" from direct opposition to the ideas and principles of the liberal concept of human rights in the early years of the development of Soviet power to rapprochement with Western constitutionalism, manifested in the development of the Soviet system of socio-economic rights of the individual in the USSR Constitution of 1936.
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Dinçer, Mithat Zeki, Fatma Füsun İstanbullu Dinçer, and Zaid Alrawadieh. "The World Bank’s Role in Tourism Development: The Case of Uzbekistan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01459.

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After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Uzbekistan started to build its own national economy with serious attempt to integrate with the international economy. Right after the independence, Uzbekistan joined the international organizations such the World Bank and the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Development projects were initiated and radical changes were noted through developing the infrastructure and building new airports and railways. Tourism was considered a priority and a tool for development in Uzbekistan. With these thoughts in mind, this paper attempts to examine the World Bank’s role in the tourism development in Uzbekistan. For the purpose of this study, the bank’s documents related to 39 projects that were implanted or are being currently implemented in the country were reviewed and content analyzed. The study suggested that, since the independence of Uzbekistan in 1991 and its enrollment to the World Bank in 1992 there has been no tourism-focus projects supported by the bank. Yet, a number of projects that addressed areas such as urban development and human resources development are expected to affect indirectly the growth and development of tourism industry in the country. The paper recommends tourism planners in Uzbekistan to reevaluate their connections with the international organizations to maximize their role in lunching projects that would contribute to the tourism development in the country.
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Li, Hanxiao. "The Struggles and Gains of the Soviet Union: The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.412.

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Kučs, Artūrs. "Satversmes atvērtība starptautiskajām cilvēktiesībām." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.01.

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This article explores the topic on interaction between fundamental rights protected in the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (Satversme), international human rights and European Union law. The author reflects the evolution of the principle of openness in Satversme toward international human rights by analysing influence of international human rights law upon Latvia’s fundamental rights protection system through the course of history – in the interwar period, after the restoration of the independence and in adoption of fundamental rights chapter of Satversme. Further on, the author analyses the application of international human rights law and European Union law in the Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence and identifies controversial issues.
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Bakota, Boris. "EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL." In International Scientific Conference “Digitalization and Green Transformation of the EU“. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/27448.

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The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050 and maps a new and inclusive growth strategy to boost the economy, improve people’s health and quality of life, care for nature, etc. EU Farm to Fork Strategy for fair, healthy and environmentally- friendly food system, among others, asks for „moving to a more plant-based diet“. Plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. Plant-based diet does not exclude meat or dietary products totally, but the emphasis should be on plants. Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the meat consumption. Vegetarians consume eggs dairy products and honey. Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal product in diet and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. Article 9 of European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and article 10 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union almost use the same text enshrining Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. To ensure the observance and engagements in the Convention and the Protocols, Council of Europe set up European Court of Human Rights. All European Union Member States are parties to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. European Court of Human Rights had many cases dealing with above-mentioned article 9. This paper will focus on Court’s cases dealing with veganism, vegetarianism and plant-based diet. It will investigate obligations, which arise from European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms to public administration institutions, namely hospitals, prisons, army, school and university canteens, etc. The paper will explore the practice of several European countries and Croatia. The results will show if veganism, vegetarianism and EU promoted plant-based diet are equally protected under European Convention or there are differences, and what differences if there are any.
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Xue, Chen. "To Which Extent the Red Terror Affects People in Soviet Union The Red Terror: Necessary Policy or Intentional Murders?" In 2021 International Conference on Public Art and Human Development ( ICPAHD 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220110.119.

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Urbane, Marta. "The Future of the Employee’s Right to Disconnect in the European Union and Latvia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002285.

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The right to disconnect refers to a worker's right to be able to disconnect from work and refrain from engaging in work-related electronic communication, like emails and other messages, during non-work hours and holidays. The Latvian Labor Law does not directly determine the right to disconnect from digital devices, however, such rights arise from certain legal norms. Examples of the provisions of the Labor Law relate to the general rules on rest periods and breaks in work. The recent research results of remote work during Covid-19 pandemic conducted by the author show that for 69.3% of respondents working remotely possibility to disconnect from digital devices outside working hours (when the assigned work tasks have been completed) is extremely crucial. If the rights to disconnect are not explicitly regulated, the risk of disbalance between work and private life is at stake. The increase in workload during the emergency caused by COVID-19 was indicated by 42.7% of respondents in Latvia. That shows that another problem of lack of regulation of rights to disconnect could be unpaid overtime. The research shows that 14.7% of respondents were not paid for overtime work when working from home. The practice shows a critical need for sustainable and predictable changes in the legal system to protect employees’ rights and thus ensure stable employment in general in Latvia. It was also recently decided by Employment Committee MEPs that EU countries must ensure that workers are able to exercise the right to disconnect effectively. Some of the member states in the European Union have recently implemented the right into their legal system (Portugal, Spain, France), but each member state takes a different approach. That means that discussion is no longer if there is a need to implement the “right to disconnect” in national legal acts, but how to implement the right efficiently not only at a national level but at the EU level as well.The goal of the research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal status of the “right to disconnect” in the legal system of the European Union and Latvia. In order to reach the goal, the author is using various scientific research methods. The paper is based on a quantitative research method and analytical, comparative, case law analysis method to provide valid conclusions on the current role of the “right to disconnect” in Latvia and the European Union. The author also offers recommendations on how to implement the “right to disconnect” efficiently to avoid violation of employees’ rights and ensure a sustainable work environment.In the result, the author has concluded that the biggest impediment of the employee's right to disconnect is the lack of clear legislative preconditions that would encourage businesses to preserve employees' freedom to disconnect, resulting in a more sustainable working environment - both in the office and remotely.Finally, the author concludes that there is a need to adjust regulation in Latvia to meet the needs of widespread use of remote work. The author also concludes that a significant role to protect employees’ right to disconnect is for governmental authorities to explain the right to disconnect to employees and employers.
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Manuela Magalhães Silva, Maria, Maria João Ferreira, and Dora Resende Alves. "Artificial intelligence regulation in context of the European Commission’s priorities." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100897.

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Based on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and its understanding of European Union law, documentary and institutional reference points are presented to raise some thoughts on the subject as a regulatory focus and its relations with the values of the Union and fundamental rights. In recent years, Organizations have undergone a massive r(evolution) at the social, economic, and technological levels due to Digital Transformation. The reflection/question to be asked is whether the use of AI is correct. It requires a deeper understanding of law in an algorithmic world to provide individuals with effective rights against unfair and socially detrimental AI applications and simultaneously inform organizations with the point of view of justice using AI. The need for regulation of AI arises in European Union law at least since 2018. Developments occurred until the proposed regulation of 2021, an assumed priority by the European Commission in its 2019-2024 composition. As a result of doctrinal framework and resort to European Union documentation through a methodology of document analysis, we seek to frame this matter in the Commission's priorities, either in legislative acts or in soft law documents.
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Reports on the topic "Human rights, soviet union"

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Bai, Jie, Stéphane Milhaud, and Lou D’Angelo. Human Settlements in Mongolia: Strengthening Strategic Cities and Towns for Sustainable Territorial Development. Asian Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230588-2.

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This paper proposes an urban framework for Mongolia to promote balanced and sustainable territorial development. The framework addresses the dysfunctions in the urban hierarchy and settlement system of aimag and soum centers that emerged during the transition period following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and identifies what types of investment should be favored in these areas.
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Johanna, Jacobi, Kiteme Boniface, and Ottiger Fabian. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.3.en.

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Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.
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Cvijić, Srdjan, Nikola Dimitrov, Leposava Ognjanoska Stavrovska, and Ivana Ranković. Bilateral Disputes and EU enlargement: A Consensual Divorce. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/xubk6023.

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Bilateral disputes between European Union member states and candidate countries are one of the key obstacles to EU enlargement. They have been plaguing the EU accession process ever since the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent border dispute between EU member Slovenia and candidate country Croatia which then ensued. More recently we have the case of North Macedonia. It became a candidate country in 2005 but ever since, its accession negotiations have been bogged down by endless bilateral disputes. While the case of North Macedonia and its decades long conflicts with Greece and Bulgaria are the most well-known of such cases, they are not the only ones. In a seminal 2018 publication the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group (BIEPAG) outlined the most prominent “open” or “latent” disputes between EU member states and candidate countries in the Western Balkans. Ranging from border to territorial disputes, or ones concerning the status of national minorities, four out of five candidate countries in the region – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia or Serbia, has a bilateral dispute with one or more EU member states. If you look at new candidates Ukraine and Moldova and potential candidate Georgia however, the list of active or potential bilateral disputes is even longer. Even when a candidate country meets the criteria to progress in EU accession talks, bilateral disputes can delay it for years or even decades as in the case of North Macedonia. In this way such disputes present a serious challenge to the credibility of the EU enlargement process. In the context of the war in Ukraine, as we have seen with regard to the policies of Viktor Orbán’s Hungary towards Ukraine, invoking bilateral disputes can seriously challenge the geopolitical orientation and the security of the entire Union. On the legal side, since most of these issues fall outside the scope of the EU law and are not covered by the accession criteria, there is a need to think of an institutional mechanism to deal with bilateral disputes. Enlargement policy does not offer an appropriate platform for settlement of bilateral disputes, especially for those that fall outside the EU law. Hence, these issues should be addressed via the international legal dispute resolution toolbox and thus be subjects of separate processes. The EU’s role however cannot be passive. It should invest efforts in these processes in order for them to be mutually reinforcing and so that the accession process has a mollifying rather than tension amplifying effect on the issue. In its policy brief, published at the end of 2023, the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) proposed updating the Copenhagen criteria such that they should include a stipulation to resolve bilateral issues between member states and candidate countries through external dispute resolution mechanisms: Territorial disputes should be referred to arbitration or the International Court of Justice, while those on minority rights should be dealt with by the European Court of Human Rights and other appropriate dispute settlement mechanisms. In this policy brief we suggest ways how to operationalise this proposal. First, we describe different types of vertical bilateral disputes (the ones that include asymmetrical relations) between EU members and Western Balkan candidate countries, then we outline international mechanisms to resolve them, and finally we propose an institutional architecture to remove bilateral disputes that fall outside of the scope of the Copenhagen criteria and the EU acquis from the purview of EU accession talks.
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Violence against Women and Citizen Security: Synopsis. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006021.

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Women and young men are the groups most affected by violence in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). While ur-ban violence is predominant among males, the level of vio-lence against women (VAW) is rising as oneof the most widespread violations of human rights, with reported femicide rates as high as 13.4 per 100,000. In addition to violent femicide, VAW includes physical, sexual, and emotional violence, all of which have profound costs for women, their families, and society at large. Between 17 and 50 percent of women ever married or in union in the LAC region have, at some point in their lives, experienced one form or another of such abuse. Although data are limited, the problem seems to be greater in the Andean region than in other sub-regions.
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