Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human trafficking (International law)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Human trafficking (International law)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Bunyamin, Bubun, Thariq Muslim, Diki Permana, and Hadi Purnomo. "The Role of International Law in Addressing Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Organ Trafficking: Implications for Global Health." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 3, no. 5 (May 24, 2024): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i5.9111.

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Human trafficking for the purpose of organ trafficking has become a serious global problem that violates human rights and threatens global health. International law has an important role in efforts to combat this phenomenon by providing a legal framework that regulates and prohibits the practice of human trafficking and organ trafficking. In this paper, we explore the role of international law in addressing human trafficking for the purpose of organ trafficking and its implications for global health. We analyze various relevant international legal instruments, evaluate their implementation, and identify factors influencing the effectiveness of international law in combating human trafficking for the purpose of organ trafficking. We also provide suggestions to improve implementation of international law and protect global health from this harmful practice
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Arifin, Ridwan, Yehezkiel Lemuel, and Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte. "International Legal Instruments in Responding to Human Trafficking." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i3.22137.

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Human trafficking grows and develops rapidly, with various motives and types of crimes. Various obstacles are faced in handling human trafficking cases, ranging from inadequate legal instruments to weak law enforcement. This study overviewed the international legal instrument on human trafficking cases, following the identification of the recent forms and issues in enquiring how international legal instruments deal with human trafficking. This study used legal research method by referring to international laws as the source of law in compiling this human trafficking research. This study found that various instruments and international cooperation have dealt with human trafficking cases. However, in various related studies, these different legal instruments did not have a clear and binding force when the issue occurs in the domestic state. In addition, human trafficking in various legal instruments also had many types, and all of them are interrelated. This study highlighted and concluded that in making various international legal instruments effective in this case, more intensive international cooperation was needed, both regionally and globally. KEYWORDS: Human Trafficking, Labor Human Rights, Criminal Law.
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Chuang, Janie A. "Using Global Migration Law to Prevent Human Trafficking." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.40.

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Our understanding of human trafficking has changed significantly since 2000, when the international community adopted the first modern antitrafficking treaty—the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol). Policy attention has expanded beyond a near-exclusive focus on sex trafficking to bring long-overdue attention to nonsexual labor trafficking. That attention has helped surface how the lack of international laws and institutions pertaining to labor migration can enable—if not encourage—the exploitation of migrant workers. Many migrant workers throughout the world labor under conditions that do not qualify as trafficking yet suffer significant rights violations for which access to protection and redress is limited. Failing to attend to these “lesser” abuses creates and sustains vulnerability to trafficking.
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Skakavac, Zdravko, and Tatjana Simic. "Human trafficking in domestic legislature." Temida 11, no. 4 (2008): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0804023s.

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Human trafficking is an occurrence that, even in our time, is present in alarming proportions, in its actuality and consequences. It is a phenomenon with a long history and has been qualified as a serious international problem and is the object of interest for a large number of international subjects. However, the key international document that defines this phenomenon is the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime from Palermo 2000; specifically its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. After its adoption, intensive actions were undertaken to regulate the phenomenon on the level of national legislature. It's done so in the local legislature too. According to the criminal law of the republic of Serbia, besides the concrete law against human trafficking, a number of other crimes are connected to human trafficking. This paper deals with the most important ones. The purpose of this paper is to review the legislature on the phenomenon in the domestic law, then the accordance of incrimination with international standards, as well as to indicate the need for further changes in domestic legislature.
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Sihotang, Natalia, and Channarong Wiriya. "Human Trafficking in Thailand in Perspective of Human Rights Law." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48760.

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Trafficking in human beings is increasingly due to the greatest gain of the perpetrators. Human trafficking is a global humanitarian problem. With the involvement of many countries, both as a country of origin, destination and transit country, making this problem more complex. The complexity of the problems is increasing as the neighbors and organized transnational crime networks are organized. Thailand is one of the transit countries, sources, and destinations for international human trafficking. These conditions led to the Government of Thailand began to realize the urgency of the dangers of human trafficking. This problem is increasingly complex because human trafficking is related to child and female prostitution.
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OGUNBANJO, Martin. "Human Trafficking as a Human Rights Violation in a Pluralistic and Interdependent World: Obligations and Accountability of States." مجلة جامعة السعيد للعلوم الانسانية و التطبيقية 6, no. 3 (July 9, 2023): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59325/sjhas.v6i3.147.

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Human trafficking is a common occurrence in the modern world. It has been estimated that thousands of people are trafficked every year, the most of whom are women and children. Almost all States are impacted by trafficking, and it is estimated that traffickers earn billions of dollars a year from their illegal activities. Slavery and the slave trade, which date back thousands of years, are the roots of trafficking. However, since the start of the 20th century, the term "human trafficking" has taken on a new meaning. This paper explores some state-imposed requirements related to human rights. While there are many different obligations, this paper focuses on the four most important ones that are imposed on all States, regardless of whether they are States of Origin, Transit, or Destination: the obligation to forbid trafficking, to look into and prosecute traffickers, to protect victims, and to address the causes and effects of the phenomenon. It will be shown that these are firmly established under international human rights law. Additionally, the Trafficking Protocol's potential to advance a human rights framework will be considered, along with the ramifications of the interplay between several international legal disciplines like international human rights law, international criminal law, and transnational criminal law. This paper ends with a comment on the value of global government in combating transnational organized crime, especially human trafficking. The fundamental conclusion is that States can be held directly responsible since some human rights standards and principles drawn from international human rights law are applicable to human trafficking.
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Gueraldi, Michelle. "Human trafficking and challenges to States’ compliance with International Human Rights Law: The case of Brazil." Cultural Dynamics 25, no. 2 (July 2013): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374013498140.

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This article identifies some challenges faced by the Brazilian State in eradicating human trafficking. International Human Rights Law is the instrument I adopt as a conceptual paradigm for analysis of the State’s conduct, arguing that Brazilian National Policy implemented since 2008 does not meet the preventative needs, the repression of perpetrators, nor victim protection as proposed by International Human Rights Law. The conduct of State powers shows that human trafficking is still conceived as a criminal offense, rather than as a human rights violation. Existing published Brazilian studies commonly approach human trafficking in terms of criminal law. I analyze it under the umbrella of International Human Rights Law, disassociating human trafficking from an exclusively feminist approach, and describing it in terms of a global human rights violation pattern related to international migration flows. I emphasize some interior legal concepts commonly overlooked by juridical doctrine, such as vulnerability and exploitation, with attention to cultural attitudes that help determine policy.
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Buhaiov, Yaroslav Y., Oleh P. Koretskyi, Viktoriia V. Koretska, Serhii V. Penkov, and Artem O. Shapar. "International experience of crime investigation in the field of human trafficking." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 47 (December 17, 2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.47.11.16.

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The paper aims to define an effective anti-human trafficking system in Ukraine. On the basis of theoretical information and international experience systematic analysis, the peculiarities of investigating crimes in the field of human trafficking are identified: timely receipt of information concerning crimes commission, assigning a case of human trafficking to an investigator or prosecutor with positive experience in detecting such crimes, cooperation of law enforcement agencies with each other and law enforcement agencies of other states in regard to effective ways of such crimes investigation, an effective system of human trafficking victims support. It is possible to increase the effectiveness of combating human trafficking through activities in the following areas: training of law enforcement officers in accordance with international standards; exchange of experience between Ukrainian law enforcement officers with the employees of relevant institutions of other countries; enshrinement at the statutory level of stricter responsibility for such crimes commission; monitoring the compliance of the Ukrainian anti-human trafficking system activities with international standards; creation of a comprehensive support system for human trafficking victims.
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Schauer, Edward J. "Book Review: The International Law of Human Trafficking." International Criminal Justice Review 21, no. 3 (September 2011): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567711417178.

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Obokata, T. "Anne Gallagher, The International Law of Human Trafficking." Human Rights Law Review 12, no. 3 (May 22, 2012): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngs006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Leech, Tasha Nicole. "Human Trafficking: the Gap between International regulation and Enforcement." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205089.

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The goal of this thesis is to provide insight as to why the number of trafficking cases and convictions is still relatively low compared to the total volume of trafficking occurring, even though the trade is increasingly addressed by international law. Through a study of trafficking itself, a summary of current international legislation, and an analysis of the implementation of said legislation this thesis will show that the gap between legislation and enforcement can be partially accounted for by a widespread failure by states to adequately address the demand for trafficked persons in their national legislation. While this is far from a complete explanation of the problem it is an important piece of the puzzle.
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Horzum, Ekin Deniz. "Charting the international legal framework applicable to modern day human trafficking." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8677/.

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This thesis argues that the international legal framework applicable to human trafficking is inadequate to address contemporary challenges. It also explains why and how human trafficking is a controversial phenomenon due to its complex nature, which is shaped by real-world incidences. Overall, this thesis stresses that human trafficking is real, and that survivors are human beings, who do matter. Drawing on international law, in order to capture the inadequacy of international legal framework, this thesis discusses the definition of human trafficking in comparison to the terms modern-day slavery and migrant smuggling, and considers obligations to protect, including identification and non- criminalisation of human trafficking victims. In the context of definitional analysis, this thesis not only looks at the international legal regulations pertaining to related phenomena, but also critically reviews international law to help address how human trafficking is defined and understood by the international community, including the media, scholars and international courts, alongside real-world incidents. The definition of human trafficking and obligations to protect are evidently interrelated; without defining human trafficking, identification of trafficking victims, as required by the obligations of protection, is not possible. In this respect, there are two main aspects in which international law does not adequately respond to human trafficking crimes: defining human trafficking and identifying its ‘victims’/survivors, as is explained in this thesis.
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Obokata, Tomoya. "Trafficking of human beings as a human rights violation : obligations and accountability under international human rights law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408594.

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Högfors, Frida. "Human Trafficking : International Law and the Regulation of Sexual Exploitationof Women on the Internet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86526.

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Constantinou, Angelo. "EU Acquis, international law, and local implementation : trafficking in women and the sex trade in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6458.

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Despite its long pre-existence, the issue of human trafficking (especially for sexual purposes) has become the epicentre of attention since the closing of the past century. The globe-wide attempt of politicians, academics, practitioners, technocrats, activists, and journalists to define, advocate, measure, and ‘control’ people trafficking has brought to the fore particular (re)actions. One such example is the EU and international law that aim to facilitate the legal framework within which national administrations should embark upon to ‘better deal’ with human trafficking. While EU and international law can only go so far as to lay the theoretical basis that signatory states must follow for dealing with human trafficking, ultimately, planning and implementing public policy become the prerogative of the individual state. In light of this, the central contribution of this study is the exploration of the application of EU and international law in concern with human trafficking within the Cypriot context. In other words, how EU and international law on human trafficking are applied in day-to-day interactions between state employees, civil groups, and trafficked women. For this purpose, the study examines the interpretation and application of the local legislation by the criminal justice agencies as well as the local NGOs. Notably, such undertakings are informed by past and present geopolitical and socio-economic developments that have been taking place since the British colonisation of Cyprus. Research findings (based on ethnographic fieldwork and documentary study), demonstrate that EU’s attempt to enforce legislative cohesion, common policies, and harmonised practices over the issue of human trafficking across its Member States is yet to materialise. The case of Cyprus, and at times of other EU States, are used as a paradigm in which both, the EU acquis and international law fail to impose legal prescriptions on national authorities. To illustrate, the dimensions of prevention, detection, identification, prosecution, and adjudication of human trafficking, as well as trafficking victims’ protection, rehabilitation, and repatriation are explored in piecemeal and they all testify of systemic deviations from EU and international guidelines. Both Cypriot public services and local NGOs assigned to handle human trafficking are not in a position to bear the standards laid out by the EU and the CoE. Consequently, victims of trafficking are often predisposed to adverse conditions and as a result, they are often undertreated. Moreover, it is often the case that law on paper—both EU and Cypriot— and law in practice are diametrically different.
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Arcenas, Maria Teresa L. Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Human rights protection beyond state borders : a study of national laws on anti-trafficking in women in the Philippines and in Malaysia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4637983.pdf.

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Jovanović, Marija. "Human trafficking, human rights and the right to be free from slavery, servitude and forced labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:438dfa89-492c-4882-b882-8f21a0f60e9e.

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The thesis engages with a dynamic discourse on the human rights approach to human trafficking. Building on the traditional doctrine of human rights, the thesis demonstrates that human trafficking is not a human rights violation, save for a state involvement in it, either directly or through a failure to observe its positive obligations imposed by the existent human rights. In situations that do engage human rights law, the thesis defends an argument that conceptually, human trafficking falls within a domain of the right to be free from slavery, servitude and forced labour. This argument is grounded in both a doctrinal and a conceptual analysis. In particular, the thesis conducts a unique conceptual and legal analysis of Article 4 of the European Convention of Human Rights offering an original interpretation of the concept of exploitation in the context of practices associated with trafficking and 'modern slavery'. This type of inquiry is missing in the existent scholarship. The thesis also conducts a detailed analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on positive obligations to protect vulnerable individuals arising out of 'absolute' rights. In addition to providing a complete analysis and classification of these positive obligations, the thesis draws attention to the important difference between the scope of the right and the scope of state responsibility in situations of private infringements of 'absolute' rights. Accordingly, the thesis demonstrates that whereas the prohibition contained in these rights is absolute for the state, positive obligations in situations of their infringements by private individuals are of a limited scope. The analysis of the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court is supplemented by a comprehensive discussion of the obligations established in the trafficking-specific instruments. The thesis explains how victim protection provisions contained in these instruments may inform human rights obligations, yet, it demonstrates that these do not represent such obligations on their own. This analysis provides a roadmap for practitioners and activists when arguing cases before the Strasbourg Court and domestically. In addition to this practical dimension, the thesis intends to provide an important contribution to the scholarship on human rights law, and on human trafficking specifically.
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Sikka, Annuradha. "Trafficking in Persons in Canada: Looking for a "Victim"." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31786.

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This dissertation looks at the concept of “trafficking in persons” and how it has been created, interpreted and utilized in the international sphere and in Canada. Using the approach of Critical Legal Pluralism (CLP), it examines the legal regulation of trafficking as being created through a bi-directional constitutive process, with paradigmatic conceptions of trafficking having a hand in creating regulation as well as being influenced by it. Through a review of data retrieved using a variety of qualitative methods as well as classic legal analysis, this dissertation explores the operation of various social actors and their effect on the determination of what trafficking is, and who is worthy of protection from it. In Part One the international framework is outlined through a discussion of the creation of the dominant paradigm of trafficking and implementations of it. Chapter One traces the history of the anti-trafficking movement by looking at the development of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, and by examining the creation of dominant discourses around trafficking. Chapter 2 uses CLP to examine the influences of a variety of actors on the creation of these discourses and the repercussions the discourses have had on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies. Part Two then turns to the Canadian context. In Chapter Three, classical legal methodologies are employed to discuss Canada’s obligations under international law with respect to trafficking, as well as the creation of definitions of trafficking in the Canadian legal regulatory context. Chapter Four then reviews data from Canada to discuss the ways in which various actors have been involved in the creation and operation of the dominant paradigm and how it in turn affects the operation of trafficking-related legal constructs. Ultimately, it is found that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm and the motivations that aid in its operation, programs and policies framed under the rubric of “trafficking” necessarily fail to achieve meaningful redress for the groups they purport to benefit. On this basis, an alternative approach is suggested to address phenomena currently being dealt with through anti-trafficking frameworks. A move is suggested away from a focus on “trafficking” to a sectoral approach, accounting for the complexities and histories of individuals subject to exploitative circumstances.
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Klynn, Nicholas M. "Supranationalism in the Fight Against Transnational Threats: A Comparative Study of ASEAN and EU Policy Responses to Human Trafficking." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/509.

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Transnational security threats are among the most pressing and complicated problems facing both governmental and non-governmental actors in today's world. Human trafficking is one example of contemporary transnational security threat that is relatively less studied compared to other transnational security threats. Because transnational security threats such as human trafficking exist above and outside the boundaries of state control, it may be supposed that a greater degree of supranationalism in the policy responses to them would yield better results in combatting these modern-day ills. Anti-trafficking efforts from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union are examined to assess the impact of degree of supranationalism present in the respective policy responses to determine if any advantage is gained from aligning supranational policies to transnational problems. This question is not answered conclusively due to a lack of supranationalism present in key areas of EU governance responsible for law enforcement efforts.
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Mirei, Omar. "Trafficking in human beings for forced labour in domestic and international law : a comparative legal study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2ec52521-f713-4ad7-ae1e-7edcd606afae.

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This thesis examines the effect of combating of human trafficking as a crime. Special emphasis has been placed on forced labour and the rights of trafficked victims and their protection. The study explores various legislations undertaken at regional, national and international levels and considers rights of trafficked victims under international human rights and Islamic rights. The aim of the thesis is to provide a critical and comparative analysis of the legal systems of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Kingdom (UK) in terms of human trafficking. The thesis consists of eight chapter; each covering a different aspect of the study. It begins by providing background information regarding the issue of human trafficking and proceeds to examine developments of legal frameworks across the two jurisdictions to combat this crime and penalize the criminals. It seeks to examine the legal system pertaining to human trafficking for forced labour and analyse the three distinct platforms, that is, prevention, protection, and punishment, by comparing the legal systems of the KSA and the UK. The examination of both countries aims to identify the strength and weaknesses of the KSA system as compared to the UK system. Thus, it concludes that the KSA can improve its ranking from Tier 2 watch list to Tier 1 if reforms are introduced in the legislation and enforcement domains. The study also demonstrates how the UK and the KSA portray ‘human trafficking’ in their regional laws. A problem often faced during the information-gathering and investigation stages is the lack of available evidence against traffickers, a particular issue in the KSA. The thesis concludes that the transnational aspect of this phenomenon makes it necessary to establish a thorough and comprehensive legal framework to cover all matters pertaining to this crime, including the protection of victims and punishment of criminals in the KSA and the UK, including immigration and ‘kafala’ strategies that may be of value in future researches.
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Books on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert. Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8.

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Knežević, Saša, Predrag Dimitrijević, and Miomira Kostić. Trgovina ljudima: Pravna zaštita u međunarodnim i nacionalnim okvirima. Niš: Pravni fakultet, 2011.

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Labour, International Labour Office Special Action Programme to Combat Forced. Forced labour and human trafficking. Geneva: Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour, International Labour Office, 2008.

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Estiarte, Carolina Villacampa. El delito de trata de seres humanos: Una incriminación dictada desde el derecho internacional. Cizur Menor, Navarra: Aranzadi, 2011.

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Wei, Yiran. Da ji kua guo ren kou fan yun de guo ji fa lü zhi du yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2019.

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Ḥāfiẓ, Sharīf. al-Masʼūlīyah al-jināʼīyah ʻan jarāʼim al-ittijār bi-al-bashar fī al-tashrīʻ al-Miṣrī wa-al-muqāran wa-ālīyāt mukāfaḥatihā al-duwalīyah. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2022.

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Shāʻir, Rāmiyā Muḥammad. al-Ittijār bi-al-bashar: Qirāʾah qānūnīyah ijtimāʻīyah. Bayrūt: Manshūrāt al-Ḥalabī al-Ḥuqūqīyah, 2012.

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Ḣaĭdarzoda, Zafar Pirmaḣmad. Tavsifi ḣuquqī-jinoi͡atii savdoi odamon. Dushanbe: ĖR-graf, 2017.

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Prcanović, Emir. Priručnik za pravnike i pravne službenike o pružanju pravne pomoći i zastupanju žrtava trgovine ljudima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Sarajevo: Međunarodni forum solidarnosti-EMMAUS, 2021.

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Lepcha, Romana. Cross border human trafficking: Legal dimensions between India & Nepal. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Szablewska, Natalia. "Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking." In International Conflict and Security Law, 1181–206. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_53.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 325–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_32.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 1–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4550-9_32-1.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4550-9_32-2.

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Siller, Nicole J. "The law of human trafficking." In Routledge International Handbook of Human Trafficking, 189–211. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277035-8.

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert. "Anti-trafficking Obligations." In Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law, 225–83. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8_5.

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert. "State Responsibility for Trafficking." In Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law, 181–223. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8_4.

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert. "Understanding Trafficking in Persons." In Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law, 27–88. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8_2.

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert. "International Legal Regime." In Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law, 89–180. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-435-8_3.

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Karenga, Paul V. I. Sidlawinde. "International Criminal Law and Trafficking in Persons." In A West African Model to Address Human Trafficking, 211–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88120-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Navickiene, Zaneta, and Rolandas Kriksciunas. "SPECIFICS OF INVESTIGATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/sv02.04.

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worldwide. While anyone can fall victim to human trafficking, most victims are womenand girls subjected to sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is taking on new forms andthreatening fundamental human rights and values.Amnesty International published a report on the state of human rights in 154 countries in2021/22, listing human trafficking as one of the areas where human rights violations areparticularly acute.The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Womenand Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against TransnationalOrganised Crime obliges State Parties to take appropriate measures to prevent humantrafficking, listing three key prevention areas:- Detecting and investigating human trafficking and punishing perpetrators;- Protecting victims and assisting with their reintegration into society;- Taking preventive measures.This article focuses on the first aspect, namely the detection and investigation of humantrafficking. The paper points out the problematic features of the constituent elements ofthis crime, analyses some important court verdicts regarding the matter, and puts forwardresearch-based recommendations for the first steps officials must take while investigatinghuman trafficking.Drawing on the experience of non-governmental organisations and case law, the articleanalyses the key directions of investigations into human trafficking and prevalent issuesand presents the specifics of and recommendations for individual pre-trial investigativeactions (procedural steps).
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Bukhorizoda, Behruz Rustam, Pulod Asadullo Nasuriyon, and Nigora Abdumannonovna Mullajanova. "Criminal Law Remedies for Counteraction Human Trafficking and Trafficking of Children: Legislative Issues." In VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “CRIMINAL LAW AND OPERATIVE SEARCH ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATION, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE”. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010646800003152.

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Pardede, David. "Restitution Penalty Enforcement in Human Trafficking Criminal Cases." In Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312452.

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Kochin, Andrey Anatolyevich, and Vera Ivanovna Kovalenko. "Criminal Law Means of Counteracting Illegal Trafficking in Human Organs and Tissues." In VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “CRIMINAL LAW AND OPERATIVE SEARCH ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATION, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE”. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010627200003152.

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Eviningrum, Sulistya, Hartiwiningsih, and Mohamad Jamin. "Developing Human Rights-Based Legal Protection Model on Victims of Child Trafficking in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Globalization of Law and Local Wisdom (ICGLOW 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icglow-19.2019.20.

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Nichita (Vasile), Camelia Elena, Miruna Angela Mutu, and Iliana Maria Zanfir. "Trafficking in Human Beings in the Context of Global Ethics." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/21.

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The concept of “Global Ethics” refers to the analysis and identification of ethical solutions to the challenges of the contemporary world. Among the current global problems we bring to the fore: illegal immigration as a component of human trafficking, but also other global issues interdependent with the two crimes above: violation of human rights and freedoms, poverty, resource scarcity, discrimination, illegal international business and trade, all of which, requesting from the authorities and beyond, legislative and ethical solutions. Legal migration is the widely accepted form globally, since it can be determined over time, but also controlled in terms of the number of people, fields and jobs. Illegal migration is the alternative used by people who cannot use the legal route to go abroad. A component of trafficking in human beings, illegal migration is a global scourge, hard to control, caused by organised criminal groups, but also by the increasing ingenuity of criminals. Although the phenomenon is manifesting itself worldwide, it is accentuated by the fact that there is a lack of appropriate legislation and an effective system of cooperation between government institutions and civil society.Trafficking in human beings must be related to the causes that led to its emergence: discrimination in the labour market revealed by high unemployment rates (women vs. men), poverty combined with low remuneration for work performed, corruption of authorities, poor border control, restriction of legal migration opportunities, internationalization of criminal groups correlated with high profits from human trafficking, poor information of people who want to emigrate about the real effects of the labour market. Knowing this phenomenon, but also of the causes that cause it to occur, determines the process of working for knowledge, resolution and fight against it. The present work is intended to be a source of information that makes available to those interested that information about illegal migration, as well as how state structures can and should be involved in the situation.
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Wijaningsih, Dyah, Elfia Farida, and Muh Mahfud. "Optimization of Legal Protection for Women and Children Against Violence and Human Trafficking in Central Java." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Economic, Governance, ICOLEG 2021, 29-30 June 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-6-2021.2312608.

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Valentina, Rotua. "Legal Analysis on The Role Of Indonesian Central Government In The Eradication Of Trafficking In Persons." In Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312413.

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Septianriandi, Alfajri. "The Effectiveness of Bindalmin Application in Detecting Women Trafficking in The Working Area by Bangka Belitung Regional Office of The Ministry of Law and Human Rights." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Law and Mining Law, ICTA II-MIL 2023, 21st October 2023, Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-10-2023.2343532.

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Vilks, Andrejs. "Innovative Nature of the 21st Century Criminology." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.1.12.

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The aim of the current article is to study the development trends of criminology, also taking into account the impact of Covid-19 pandemic. The rationale for the innovative criminological approach is related to new types of criminal threats and their consequences. Certain forms and types of traditional crime in postmodern society are transforming into the digital environment, including through the use of DarkNet platforms. At the same time, criminological research in Latvia is insufficiently developed, criminology study courses are not included in all law study programmes. In the 21st century, new criminological approaches and schools are emerging, including neocriminology, synergistic, narrative, digital, neurocriminology. Appropriate criminological approaches have a specific nature and content. These trends confirm that, despite the importance of criminology, there is a need for research into the development trends of organized crime, cybercrime, trafficking in human beings, drugs and arms, and the possibilities for combating and preventing them. It would also be necessary to develop specialized criminology study programmes.
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Reports on the topic "Human trafficking (International law)"

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Kasper, Eric, and Mina Chiang. Barriers and Opportunities for More Effective Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking: Insights from Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Taiwan. Winrock International, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.033.

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Every year, countless people become victims of human trafficking. The number is countless because the vast majority of those cases go unidentified and unreported. As a result, victims remain invisible, go unsupported, continue to suffer abuses, and continue to face stigma and trauma even after finding their way out of trafficking. This lack of visibility also makes it difficult to really understand how trafficking works, which seriously hinders international counter trafficking efforts.
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.

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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.
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Huntington, Dale. Anti-trafficking programs in South Asia: Appropriate activities, indicators and evaluation methodologies. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1019.

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Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor migration, poor enforcement of internationally agreed-upon human rights standards, and the enormous profitability for traffickers. The Population Council, UNIFEM, and PATH led a participatory approach to explore activities that address the problem of human trafficking in South Asia. A meeting was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, September 11– 13, 2001 to discuss these issues. Approximately 50 representatives from South Asian institutions, United Nations agencies, and international and local NGOs attended. This report summarizes the principal points from each paper presented and captures important discussion points that emerged from each panel presentation.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Drivers of Compliance with International Human Rights Treaties. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.130.

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Are international human rights treaties associated with better rights performance? The appetite for a conclusive answer has driven a number of large scale quantitative studies that have broadly shown little or no effect, and sometimes even a backsliding. However, the headline conclusions belie much more complicated findings, and the research methods used are controversial. These issues undermine confidence in the findings. Comparative and individual case studies allow for more detailed information about how domestic human rights activists use international human rights laws in practice. They tend to be more positive about the effect of treaties, but they are not as systematic as the quantitative work. Some indirect measures of treaty effect show that the norms contained within them filter down into domestic constitutions, and that the process of human rights reporting at the UN may be useful if dialogue can be considered an a priori good. It is likely that states are driven to comply with human rights obligations through a combination of dynamic influences. Drivers of compliance with international law is a major, unresolved question in the research that is heavily influenced by the worldview of researchers. The two strongest findings are: Domestic context drives compliance. In particular: (1) The strength of domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and links with international NGOs (INGOs), and (2) in partial and transitioning democracies where locals have a reason to use the treaties as tools to press their claims. External enforcement may help drive compliance when: (1) other states link human rights obligations in the treaties to preferential trade agreements, and (2) INGOs ‘name and shame’ human rights violations, possibly reducing inward investment flows from companies worried about their reputation. Scholars also identify intermediate effects of continued dialogue and norm socialisation from the UN’s human rights reporting processes. Interviews with diplomats involved in UN reporting say that the process is more effective when NGOs and individual governments are involved.
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Snyder, Karen, Pauline Oosterhoff, and Neelam Sharma. Labour Trajectories and Aspirations of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ Workers. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.074.

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This IDS Working Paper explores the labour trajectories and aspirations, and the labour intermediaries of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) workers. Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking as well as labour and sex exploitation. Research included a literature review, interviews with ‘AES’ workers, and observations in areas with reported elevated levels of human trafficking to visualise the economic activities. This Working Paper has a companion paper – Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ – which focuses on the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘AES’ and other employment.
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Bo, Marta, Laura Bruun, and Vincent Boulanin. Retaining Human Responsibility in the Development and Use of Autonomous Weapon Systems: On Accountability for Violations of International Humanitarian Law Involving AWS. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ahbc1664.

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It is undisputed that humans must retain responsibility for the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) because machines cannot be held accountable for violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). However, the critical question of how, in practice, humans would be held responsible for IHL violations involving AWS has not featured strongly in the policy debate on AWS. This report aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of that very question. This report explores how the two central frameworks structuring the ascription of responsibility for IHL violations—namely the rules governing state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility—apply to the development and use of AWS. The report aims to help policymakers (a) deepen their understanding of the conditions necessary to hold states and individuals accountable for IHL violations; (b) identify issues that would make IHL violations involving AWS development and use potentially difficult to discern, scrutinize and attribute; and (c) formulate policy measures that could help uphold respect for IHL and reduce challenges to holding actors legally responsible.
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.
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Burniske, Jessica, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Armed Non-State Actors and International Human Rights Law: An Analysis of the Practice of the U.N. Security Council and U.N. General Assembly. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/gtze6629.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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Siampakou, Niki. Victims of Terrorism and Reparation: Applying the 2005 UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation. ICCT, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2023.2.09.

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While victims of terrorism undergo significant harm, there is currently no specific legal framework addressing their right to reparation. Certain regional provisions focus on establishing compensation funds under national law but do not explicitly acknowledge an existing right to reparation which includes restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non repetition. To fill this gap, this Policy Brief argues that the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law (UN Basic Principles and Guidelines) should be applicable to terrorism victims. The brief initially explores the absence of an internationally proclaimed right to reparation for this category of victims. Subsequently, it illustrates that considering the shared characteristics between victims of terrorism and those of international crimes, gross violations of International Human Rights Law, or serious violations of International Humanitarian Law as well as the common elements between terrorism and international crimes, gross violations of human rights and humanitarian law, the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines should extend to victims of terrorism. This application is seen as a recognition of their right to reparation, fulfilling states’ responsibility to provide a comprehensive framework for the harm suffered by victims and consequently enhancing the international protection of terrorism victims.
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