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Donohue-Dioh, Jessica James. "CONCEPTUALIZING THE PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING: SURVIVORS PERSPECTIVES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/22.
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The following study seeks to conceptualize the prevention of human trafficking from the perspective of survivors. The study design was informed through a Public Health Framework and the application of Postmodernism, Social Constructionist Theory, Ecological Perspective and Empowerment Perspective. An integrative mixed-method, participatory research design was applied, namely Concept Mapping. Data was collected over approximately two-months, and included 35 survivors of human trafficking from 4 different states. Data collected from survivors resulted in a statement set (N = 108) and a 10-Cluster Final solution depicting the ways in which survivors conceptualized prevention. Additional outputs provide insight as to survivors’ perspectives on importance and feasibility of the prevention data.
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Kuhn, April. "Human trafficking| Identification and prevention through anti-money laundering efforts." Thesis, Utica College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555422.
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Human trafficking is one of the most profitable and quickly growing organized crimes. Human trafficking occurs across the globe, including in the United States. The high profits from human trafficking outweigh the risks to the trafficker, making this a lucrative crime. Victims of trafficking are often not willing to come forward, making prosecution difficult. Federal laws and regulations have evolved over the years to be a valuable tool. However, inconsistencies in state laws surrounding trafficking often leave the burden of identification and prosecution on federal agencies. Anti-money laundering efforts are one of the ways this crime can be identified and prevented. Human trafficking profiles of high risk businesses, trafficker characteristics, victim characteristics, and money laundering red flags should be combined to create a typology that can be used by financial institutions and law enforcement to identify possible human trafficking activity. Existing money laundering statutes should be used more often during the prosecution stage to add additional sentencing times and allow for seizure of assets.
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Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of women promoting international human rights norms through prevention, protection, and prosecution (Three "P"s) in Armenia." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180096688.
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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.
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Jones, Stephanie E. "Realities on the ground: Human trafficking constructs in Thailand and the implications on NGO anti-trafficking prevention strategies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94162/1/Stephanie_Jones_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a qualitative study that examines how participating staff from Thai based non-governmental organisations interpret and construct the notion of human trafficking; and how this impacts prevention methods. The research examined the impact of different socio-cultural, political and religious ideologies on anti-trafficking prevention and programme implementation. Findings highlighted that while a 'raid and rescue' approach to human trafficking was widely recognised by donors and the media; it was not suitable or complementary to sustainable and community focused anti-trafficking models. Rather, a holistic approach that considers contextual factors and inter-agency collaboration is essential for effective anti-trafficking prevention strategies.
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Hathaway, Dana S. "Human Trafficking and Slavery: Towards a New Framework for Prevention and Responsibility." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/534.
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Human trafficking and slavery are horrific crimes that require strict penalties for perpetrators and effective protections for survivors, but these crimes are in part facilitated by a system of laws and norms that effectively marginalize certain populations--the "unskilled" migrant. In this thesis I aim to reexamine and reinterpret the problem of human trafficking and slavery in a way that highlights the background conditions to the problem. I argue that the framework used as a conceptual foundation for addressing the problem limits the scope of responsibility. Specifically, the framework fails to acknowledge structural contributing factors I show to be relevant: law, policy, and norms impacting immigration and migrant labor. I assert that the limited scope of responsibility, which focuses heavily on direct perpetrators of the crime, leaves largely unexamined the role of social-structural processes in contributing to the problem. I use the United States as a case study in order to provide a targeted analysis of social-structural processes that contribute to the problem. In this examination of the United States, I focus on agricultural and domestic slavery. In conclusion, I attempt to build a new conceptual framework that calls attention to social-structural processes and includes this understanding in assigning responsibility for the problem. I assert that anti-trafficking efforts must account for the role of social-structural processes and that these contributing factors must be adequately addressed and incorporated into the framework for prevention.
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Szczerba, Christopher. "The Effects of Development on Policies in the Prevention of International Human Trafficking." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1644.
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Governments and leaders across the globe almost universally agree that human trafficking is a modern atrocity that has harshly negative effects for individuals, communities, entire states and the international community. Nevertheless, they are not in agreement on how best to investigate cases and provide aid to victims. Many states lack the resources to effectively
create and implement policies. Governments must act to protect their citizens and people within their borders. Policies are necessary to correctly identify victims, investigate accusations, bring cases to trial and prevent vulnerable populations from becoming victimized through awareness. This thesis asserts that there is a link between the development level of a state and its ability to limit the grotesque crimes of trafficking that occur within its borders. Using the United Nation's annual report which details the development ranking of individual states, it is possible to comparatively analyze the ability of these states to comply with international standards established by the United States of America in the protection of victims of human trafficking. Special attention is paid to the challenges that societies face when there are drastic changes to states' economic activity or political stability and how these affect the frequency of trafficking occurrences and a government’s ability to respond.B.A.
Bachelors
Political Science
Sciences
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Bellenger, Morgan Alexandra. "An applied anthropological approach to human trafficking prevention| "I am not for sale"." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196520.
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Human trafficking is a crime involving the exploitation of people for sex or labor through “force, fraud, or coercion.” My research consists of an evaluation of three prevention and awareness-raising human trafficking presentations on a Southern California university campus for students’ retention and use of information. Using surveys, interviews, and participant-observation, I found that following the presentations, students had a more prescribed definition and identification of human trafficking. Additionally, students are likely to identify the most visible warning signs of human trafficking. Their understanding of human trafficking may have some correlation with choice of major (i.e., science-oriented majors are less likely to understand human trafficking in depth than are students with majors in business and the humanities). I recommend providing “tangible takeaways” to aid with recall of resources. Working more with students, especially those with science-related majors, to identify less visible warning signs of human trafficking is also recommended.
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Janashvili, Lela. "Human trafficking y la prevención administrativa de una nueva esclavitud." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667480.
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En el mundo globalizado moderno, Human Trafficking es una de las revelaciones más graves de la violación de los derechos humanos y, en consecuencia, se considera uno de los temas vitales para los estados de la comunidad internacional al que prestar atención. En la presente investigación tratamos de analizar el fenómeno de la trata de personas (sobre todo de mujeres y niñas) teniendo en cuenta sus aspectos legales y sociológicos.
En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, a pesar del desarrollo del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos facilitado por la comunidad mundial, miles de mujeres cada año, siguen siendo víctimas de la explotación sexual y del comercio ilegal en su propio país y en el extranjero. Para frenar esta aberración debemos quitarnos la venda de los ojos y analizar los diferentes factores que la provocan.
El primer y principal factor es la ruptura del delito de la trata. Al cometer acciones que envuelven a la trata, se vulneran flagrantemente los derechos humanos fundamentales como la libertad, el respeto y la dignidad de las víctimas. Además, la salud física y psíquica de las mujeres está en peligro, porque en la mayoría de los casos los signos característicos del delito de trata se identifican principalmente con violaciones y agresiones físicas y psíquicas, ya que las han sometido a secuestros, encarcelamientos, coacciones y en el fondo, a un sistema moderno de esclavitud.
La investigación tiene como objetivo revisar la trata en términos de violación de los derechos humanos sobre la base del análisis de las herramientas internacionales y nacionales existentes en todo el mundo, así como revelar tanto el éxito como las trabas en la lucha contra la trata y desarrollar las recomendaciones adecuadas. Además, hemos revisado las medidas administrativas y legales que deben tomar las organizaciones internacionales, los estados nacionales o el sector privado para prevenir la trata. Al mismo tiempo, se concede gran importancia a la aplicación de métodos innovadores en la lucha contra la trata.
Obviamente, los objetivos de la investigación son complejos y debido a su escala, la trata se analiza desde la seguridad humana, nacional y global, tomando en consideración los factores y riesgos económicos globales, así como las razones económicas, sociales, políticas y tecnológicas que lo causan. Es necesario que los Estados centren toda su atención en la prevención de la trata y, a tal fin, mejoren la base legislativa pertinente de conformidad con las normas jurídicas internacionales.In the modern globalized world Human Trafficking is one of the most severe revelations of human rights infringement and accordingly, it is considered to be one of the vital issues for the states of the international community to pay attention to. In the present research we tried to analyze the phenomenon of trafficking taking into account its legal and sociological aspects and its administrative prevention. In the second half of the 20th century despite the active development of the international law of human rights facilitated by the world community thousands of people become victims of the sexual exploitation and illegal trade committed for the various purposes in their own country as well as abroad every year. The concern of the international society over this type of crime mainly accounts for several factors. The first and major factor is the severance of crime of trafficking. While committing trafficking the fundamental human rights, freedom, respect and dignity are flagrantly abused, furthermore, the physical and psychical health of the human is in danger, because in most cases the signs characteristic to the crime of trafficking are identified mainly in the physical and psychical violations such as imprisonment, coercion, enslavement, etc. The paper aims at reviewing trafficking in terms of human rights infringement on the basis of analysis of the international and national tools existing worldwide as well as revealing the success and drawbacks in the struggle against trafficking and developing the relevant recommendations. In addition, the paper reviews the administrative-legal measures to be taken by the international organizations, national states or private sector in order to prevent trafficking. At the same time, great importance is attached to applying the innovative methods in the struggle against trafficking. Obviously, the goals of the research are complex and due to its scales trafficking are discussed in terms of the human, national and global security taking into consideration the global economic factors and risks as well as the economic, social, political and technological reasons causing it. It is necessary for the states to focus their full attention on the administrative prevention of trafficking and for this purpose to improve the relevant legislative basis pursuant to the international legal standards.
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Ngwira, Callings Major. "Human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/364.
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Human trafficking has been reported to be on the increase in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with girls as young as ten years old being trafficked from and within the Province for sexual and labour purposes, and marriage. Human traffickers operate in rural areas, small towns and cities such as Port Elizabeth and East London. However, research on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against trafficking in Eastern Cape Province is largely unknown. Situated within the Security Governance Theory, and using the intensive research design, this research reports on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province with emphasis on rural-urban differentiation. The challenges which law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations faced are also discussed. The study, among other things, found that both the law enforcement sector and civil society organisations in the Province ensured that security, criminal justice, physical, emotional, psychological, health and spiritual needs of rescued victims of trafficking were met. The study further established that there was little progress in the fight against human trafficking, more especially in the rural areas of the Province, due to inadequate cooperation among anti-trafficking organisations and the lack of resources.
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Sayles, Tiffany P. "The Effects of a Human Trafficking Prevention Workshop Package on Participant Written and Simulation Responses." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407816/.
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This study evaluated the effects of a community workshop designed to teach community members about human trafficking prevention. Participants were trained to identify the critical and non-critical features of human trafficking and safe ways to respond to identified trafficking situations. A pre-post treatment design was used to assess the effects of a community workshop across written and verbal target behaviors. This included written responses as well as simulation assessments across five different trafficking scenarios. Results indicate that all participants engaged in more correct responding within the written assessment and asked specific relevant questions with greater confidence within the simulation assessment following training. However, social media and empathy responses following the workshop did not differ from baseline. This study is one of the first empirical studies aimed at formally evaluating the effects of human trafficking prevention workshops. Results are discussed in the context of instructional design, measurement of outcomes, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Le, Tien Hoang. "Human trafficking in Vietnam: Preventing crime and protecting victims through inter-agency cooperation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110537/1/Tien%20Hoang_Le_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an exploratory investigation into multifaceted counter-trafficking activities in Vietnam. The study's aims include: examining inter-agency cooperation in preventing human trafficking and protecting victims; identifying root causes of the problem; and suggesting appropriate solutions to better trafficking prevention and victim protection. To achieve these aims, 25 semi-structured interviews with five different cohorts (police officers, border guards, women's union staff, social welfare staff, and staff from the Ministry of Information and Communication) were conducted. In addition, seventy government reports and five conference proceedings specific to the situation in Vietnam were collected, critically analyzed, and used to triangulate the findings from the semi-structured interviews.
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Klynn, Nicholas M. "Supranationalism in the Fight Against Transnational Threats: A Comparative Study of ASEAN and EU Policy Responses to Human Trafficking." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/509.
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Transnational security threats are among the most pressing and complicated problems facing both governmental and non-governmental actors in today's world. Human trafficking is one example of contemporary transnational security threat that is relatively less studied compared to other transnational security threats. Because transnational security threats such as human trafficking exist above and outside the boundaries of state control, it may be supposed that a greater degree of supranationalism in the policy responses to them would yield better results in combatting these modern-day ills. Anti-trafficking efforts from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union are examined to assess the impact of degree of supranationalism present in the respective policy responses to determine if any advantage is gained from aligning supranational policies to transnational problems. This question is not answered conclusively due to a lack of supranationalism present in key areas of EU governance responsible for law enforcement efforts.
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Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of Women. Promoting International Human Rights Norms Through Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution (Three “P’s”) in Armenia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180096688.
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Nabo, Sandisiwe Sifanelwe. "Human Trafficking: narratives of non-governmental organisation caregivers in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005987.
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Human trafficking is a social problem that has left no state or country immune to its effects. Literature indicates that human trafficking causes economic social and physical disruptions. Families are left broken and communities divided and children left homeless. Its victims are mostly women and children who come from low socio-economic status. Studies have been conducted on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s across the globe but reports on the roles of NGOs in the Eastern Cape are unknown. This study reports on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape. This investigation is an exploratory qualitative study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to recruit the Non-governmental organization (caregivers). In depth open ended interviews were conducted. The theories of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and socio-ecological theory were used to discuss the findings of the study. The findings of the study were categorized into four main themes including; knowledge of human trafficking, causes of human trafficking, roles of non-governmental organization (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape and strategies available in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings showed that human trafficking is present in the Eastern Cape. Abused and neglected children are more likely to become potential victims of human trafficking. The caregivers play a huge vital role in the fight against human trafficking. Lastly, the strategies implemented are not as effective as they would have been if adequate legislation was passed against human trafficking.
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Shepherd, Robyn. "Meeting the minimum standards of the Palermo Protocol: The case of South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6823.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis research is aimed at evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of the legal framework dealing with human trafficking in South Africa. To achieve this purpose, a comprehensive overview of the punishment, prevention of human trafficking in South Africa was looked into as well as victim protection. An overview of the history of slavery and an analysis of the modern conceptualisation of human trafficking indicate that human trafficking is a highly complex concept, and that there are various approaches to the understanding of the concept of human trafficking. There are various definitions of trafficking found in international instruments of which the most important has been identified as that contained in the Palermo Protocol. The definitions vary also because trafficking is closely related to the phenomena of migration, slavery and smuggling of humans. The study further identifies some significant root causes of trafficking The research concedes that although common-law crimes, statutes and transitional legislation can be utilized to challenge some trafficking elements, these offences are not comprehensive enough to amply deal with the crime’s complexities and provide only a fragmented approach to combating the crime. The study shows that South Africa has adopted specific legislation, namely the Trafficking Act. The research further establishes also that international, regional and sub-regional instruments on trafficking and related aspects of trafficking provide guidelines for developing effective strategies to deal with trafficking within the region. The counter-trafficking strategies as found in treaties, protocols, declarations and resolutions, which focus specifically on combating trafficking and those with a human-rights focus, obliges States to prosecute traffickers, protect those who are vulnerable to trafficking as well as those already trafficked and establish measures for prevention. This research further highlighted the importance of preventing human trafficking which starts with government but non- governmental organisations play a vital role in this element as well.
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Sigfridsson, Tove. "Trafficking of children : the case of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19930.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The trafficking of children, with the purpose of sexual exploitation, has attained significant attention in the international realm. At present, children‟s human rights are protected by a number of international treaties adopted by the United Nations, which are also ratified by many states. These treaties have a norm setting function which influences domestic laws in the countries that have ratified them. The „1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child‟, the „Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime‟ together with the „2002 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography‟ are important treaties with norm setting functions. These treaties influence international attitudes and policy measures concerning child trafficking. South Africa, the focus of this study, is in the process of creating a comprehensive legislative framework with the aim to protect children and combat child trafficking. Thus, this thesis examines how international treaties have impacted on South Africa‟s domestic legislation with regards to child trafficking. The influence of international treaties and norms on domestic policy and norms regarding child trafficking is illuminated in this study. This analysis builds on a model put forward by Sikkink and Finnemore (1998) of how norms are created by norm entrepreneurs. The assumption is that norms develop in phases through different platforms of organizations and states and these norms eventually become the status quo. This study provides an overview of international and domestic law pertaining to child trafficking as well as a theoretical discussion on the evolution of these norms. A theoretical framework of constructivism and to a lesser extent institutionalism is applied as an analytical tool in order to critically analyse the influence of international treaties on domestic policies in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Handel in kinders, met die doel van seksuele uitbuiting, het aansienlike aandag gekry in die internasionale arena. Op die oomblik word die menseregte van kinders beskerm deur 'n aantal internasionale ooreenkomste wat deur die Verenigde Nasies gesluit is, wat ook deur baie state bekragtig is. Hierdie verdrae het 'n standaard normstelllingsfunksie wat binnelandse wette beïnvloed in die lande wat hierdie verdrae bekragtig. Die "1989 Konvensie van die Regte van die Kind", Die Protokol ter Voorkoming, Onderdrukking en Straf van Mensehandel, veral Vroue en Kinders, ter aanvulling van die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie teen Transnasionale Georganiseerde Misdaad saam met die 2002 Opsionele Protokol tot die Konvensie van die Regte van die Kind op die Verkoop van Kinders, Kinderprostitusie en Kinderpornografie is belangrike verdrae met standaard normstellingsfunksies. Hierdie internasionale verdrae beïnvloed houdings en beleidsmaatreëls oor kinderhandel. Suid Suid-Afrika die fokus van hierdie studie, is in die proses om van 'n omvattende wetgewende raamwerk te ontwikkel wat daarop gemik is om kinders te beskerm en kinderhandel te bestry. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die impak van internasionale verdrae op die Suid-Afrika se plaaslike wetgewing met betrekking tot kinderhandel. Die invloed van internasionale verdrae en normes op binnelandse beleid en normes ten opsigte van kinderhandel word in hierdie studie ondersoek. Hierdie ontleding is gebaseer op 'n model van Sikkink en Finnemore (1998) oor hoe norme deur norm-entrepreneurs geskep word. Die aanname is dat normes in fases ontwikkel deur middel van verskillende platforms van organisasies en state en dat hierdie norme uiteindelik die status quo word. Hierdie studie gee 'n oorsig van internasionale en plaaslike wetgewing met betrekking tot kinderhandel, sowel as 'n teoretiese ontleding van die evolusie van hierdie standaarde. 'n Teoretiese raamwerk van konstruktivisme en tot 'n mindere mate institutionalisme word toegepas as 'n analitiese instrument om die invloed van internasionale verdrae op die binnelandse beleid van Suid-Afrika krities te analiseer. Sleutelterme: kinderhandel, internasionale reg, norme, konstruktivisme, beleid, Suid-Afrika.
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Ottosson, Andrea, Louise Evenholm, and Linnéa Emberg. "They are not born to be victims or prostitutes – they are becoming : A qualitative study of how one organization in Moldova is working preventively with human trafficking." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45323.
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The aim of this study is to find out how one organisation in Moldova is working with the issue of human trafficking. It will therefore be explained how the professionals in that organisation describe how the human trafficking situation has developed in Moldova according to them and how they work and prevent the issue according to that developed situation. This study is a qualitative study and has been carried out utilizing 14 semi-structured interviews. The information given from the interviews has been categorized, and then analysed in relation to previous research and Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory. This theory is applied to explain how an individual's development is affected by factors on several levels; micro-, meso-, exo-, macro- and chronosystems. The causes for human trafficking explained by the professionals included the culture, religion, economics and the history of the country, and these in turn can have affected the family and the view of one’s self. The conclusions based on this study are that because the factors that could be causes for human trafficking are found on all the levels, it is important that social workers and the society has this in mind and as an approach when dealing with human trafficking.Syftet med den här studien har varit att ta reda på hur en organisation i Moldavien arbetar med den aktuella situationen gällande människohandel som finns i landet. Det kommer därför att förklaras hur de professionella i den specifika organisationen beskriver hur de sett att situationen utvecklats i Moldavien och hur de arbetar preventivt med problemet i förhållande till den utvecklade situationen. Studien är kvalitativ och har genomförts med hjälp av 14 semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Informationen från intervjuerna har kategoriserats för att sedan analyseras mot tidigare forskning och Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori. Denna teori är applicerad för att förklara hur en individs utveckling påverkas av faktorer på flera nivåer; mikro-, meso-, exo-, makro- och chronosystem. Orsakerna till människohandel som är förklarade av de professionella innefattade kultur, religion, landets ekonomi och historia, och dessa i sin tur kan ha påverkat familjen och synen på sig själv. Slutsatserna som är möjliga att dra utifrån denna studie är att eftersom faktorerna, som kan vara orsaker till människohandel, återfinns på alla olika nivåer är det också viktigt att socialarbetare och samhället har detta i åtanke och som angreppssätt vid arbetet med människohandel.
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Nanu, Cezara. "Preventing trafficking in human beings : implementing human rights and social justice." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573499.
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The purpose of this study is to provide a critical analysis of current trafficking prevention measures by combining a theoretical emphasis on human rights with an empirical, lived-experience research approach. Empirical evidence is used to illuminate the relevance, appropriateness and potential power of the human rights based approach to trafficking prevention. I start with the fact that existing literature places trafficking within the migration, criminal justice, and women's rights discourse. There are also several attempts to place trafficking within a wider human rights debate but this approach has not been fully explored, especially within the prevention framework. My premise is that a human rights framework, based on principles or social justice and cosmopolitanism, which is agency driven rather then victim centred provides an ideal platform for preventing trafficking in human beings. The research provides
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Tosun, Leman. "La traite des êtres humains : étude normative." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634880.
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La présente étude porte sur l'encadrement juridique et pas sur la mise en oeuvre, car nous souhaitons nous interroger sur l'existence d'une volonté des Etats de combattre à travers du droit positif le phénomène. Dans l'ensemble on constate qu'il existe un lien indissociable entre la prévention et la répression de la traite et la protection des droits fondamentaux des victimes. L'histoire du droit international relatif à la traite remonte à 1904, la date d'adoption du premier instrument juridique international sur la question. En 1926 a été élaboré la première Convention relative à l'esclavage. Suite à l'ampleur du phénomène, la Convention relative à la répression de la traite des êtres humains et à l'exploitation de la prostitution d'autrui de 1949 et la Convention supplémentaire relative à l'abolition de l'esclavage, de la traite des esclaves et des institutions et pratiques analogues à l'esclavage de 1956 ont été adoptées. Ces conventions, ne prenaient pas en compte tous les aspects du problème, étaient antérieures à la plupart des pratiques modernes relatives au trafic de personnes, et ne disposaient pas d'organe de contrôle au niveau international. Le Protocole additionnel de la Convention des Nations Unies contre la criminalité transnationale organisée visant à prévenir, réprimer et punir la traite des personnes, et en particulier des femmes et des enfants donne pour la première fois une définition conventionnelle la plus élaborée du phénomène. De son côté le Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale institue un nouvel organe international pour la traite en citant la réduction en esclavage au nombre des crimes considérés comme étant des crimes contre l'humanité. A coté des conventions universelles plusieurs organisations internationales et régionales se penchent sur le phénomène. La Convention du Conseil de l'Europe sur la lutte contre la traite des êtres humains est l'instrument du Conseil la plus susceptible de contribuer de manière efficace à la lutte contre la traite des êtres humains. L'Union européenne a adoptés plusieurs résolutions spécifiques concernant la traite, au niveau du continent Américain, l'Organisation des États Américains a adopté plusieurs instruments concernant la traite, à l'échelle du continent africain, il y a des initiatives importantes qui se préoccupent directement du problème. Au niveau étatique les États membres disposent dans l'ensemble de dispositions pénales spécifiques permettant d'incriminer la traite en introduisant des sanctions effectives et dissuasives. En établissant des dispositions dans les différents codes, la Turquie prévoit une efficace répression en répriment toutes les formes de la traite. De son coté l'Ukraine pays d'origine de la traite doit non seulement sanctionner sévèrement les trafiquants, mais en même temps doit se conformer aux normes et exigences internationales. Avec le développement du phénomène une protection aux victimes est assurée, non seulement à travers les conventions à vocation universelle, mais aussi à travers diverses institutions régionales. Avec le Protocole de Palerme la communauté internationale a mis en place un cadre juridique international visant assurer une meilleure protection. De son côté dans le Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale la protection et l'assistance proposées aux victimes sont applicables à toutes victimes de crime. Tandis que les deux conventions de Conseil de l'Europe, la Convention des droits de l'homme et la Convention sur la traite des êtres humains protègent efficacement les victimes, et les instruments adoptés au niveau de l'Union européenne contribuent à l'harmonisation des politiques de protection, les engagements pris par l'OSCE ne prévoient pas de dispositions contraignantes, de la manque de mécanisme de contrôle.
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Mezhi, Mejbel Mezhi Bathal Alrashedi Ali. "In the context of both International Law and the application of Islamic Sharia Law, how effective have Kuwait and the Kuwaiti legal system been in addressing, preventing and combating human trafficking?" Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62860/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis answers the question of how effective Kuwait and the Kuwaiti legal system have been in addressing, preventing, and combating human trafficking in the context of both international law and the application of Islamic Sharia Law (ISL). The thesis is concerned with trafficking in persons with a particular focus on trafficking to exploit labour in Kuwait as compared to the five other Arab countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The GCC countries are parties to the main international instrument that governs trafficking, namely the United Nations Trafficking Protocol 2000 (UNTP). The GCC countries also have ISL as one of their main sources of law. With particular reference to Kuwait in the context of the Gulf region, this thesis examines how national, international, and religious legal frameworks impact the fight against trafficking in the region, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of current laws, such as anti-trafficking laws and labour laws. It also seeks to demonstrate the links between the principles of international law and ISL, as such an overlap can provide the basis for further reform in relation to the prevention of trafficking and increased protection for victims. The thesis also discusses trafficking in persons and labour exploitation in the context of criminal justice. The UK was selected as an example of a country that has addressed trafficking, in particular labour exploitation and how Kuwait can learn from the UK. The thesis also assesses the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in combating trafficking in persons, in particular women and children, which is recognised by Article 7(2) of the statute under the definition of an act of enslavement in the context of crimes against humanity. The thesis concludes by making recommendations for change at the national, regional, and international levels to strengthen cooperation in combating trafficking in persons, which is the modern form of slavery.
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Ekermann, Andrea, and Cornelia Ek. "Människohandel för sexuella ändamål: En problematisk lagstiftning?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26606.
Full textAbstract:
Människohandel för sexuella ändamål regleras i 4 kap. 1a § BrB och innebär att någon genom olaga tvång, vilseledande, utnyttjande av någons utsatta belägenhet eller med annat sådant otillbörligt medel rekryterar, transporterar, överför, inhyser eller tar emot en person i syfte att exploatera honom eller henne för sexuella ändamål. I de fall där offret är under 18 år, döms gärningsmannen för människohandel även om denne inte använt sig av något sådant otillbörligt medel. Uppsatsens målsättning är att studera huruvida lagstiftningen rörande människohandel för sexuella ändamål har tillämpats sedan lagen infördes år 2002. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att studera om det förekommer någon förändring i brottsrubricering mellan åklagarens yrkande och domstolens beslut och varför denna eventuella förändring i brottsrubricering sker. Ett annat syfte är att föra en diskussion rörande polisens preventiva arbete gentemot brottet. Uppsatsen bygger på material i form av 41 domstolsavgöranden från Tingsrätt och Hovrätt mellan årtalen 2003 och 2012, där åtalet har gällt människohandel för sexuella ändamål. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i en kombination av två vetenskapliga metoder, juridisk metod och textanalys, samt en mindre litteratursökning. Sammanfattningsvis har det framkommit att lagstiftningen om människohandel för sexuella ändamål är svår att såväl tolka som att tillämpa. I hälften av åtalen sker en förändring av brottsrubricering och denna förändring är en direkt konsekvens av domstolens svårighet att styrka rekvisitet otillbörligt medel. Vidare behövs mer forskning kring tillämpningsproblematiken rörande lagstiftningen.
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Huang, Hsin-Hui, and 黃馨慧. "Prevention of Human Trafficking in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71129255099037669045.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
99
Due to the traits of low-prime cost、high- profit、and repeatable exploitation of the world-famous、notorious human trafficking, this kind of crime is not easy to disappear. And with the differences of geographical location、cultural life、and the law system of each country, the “transformation” of human trafficking appears in every country, including Taiwan. The goal of this thesis is to explore the transformation of human trafficking in Taiwan and its related prevention measures in practice, so that the law、policy and practice can complement each other, avoiding the empty talk as in the ivory of tower. The problems of the noisy media report of “ false marriage, true prostitution” 、 “ false marriage, true work part-time”、and “fled-imported labors” are in fact much related with the group of human trafficking. In this thesis, through the generalized analysis of related laws such as The Prevention of Human Trafficking、The Criminal Law、The Prevention Rule of Sex-trade of Children and Teenagers、The Protection of Communication and Methods of Inspection as well as the analysis of policies and data of government organizations such as Councils of Labor Affair、Sea Patrol Bureau、Immigrant Bureau、Investigation Bureau、and National Police Agency , we can find many problems, for examples, the tendency to use “false marriage” instead of traditional “illegal immigration” , the immigration interview and the conflict of the right of family reunion in international marriages, the strange phenomenon that the level of exploitation is higher in the legal intermediary service organizations than in the illegal ones、The Protection of the Communication and The Methods of Inspection are not able to provide the needs to monitor the human trafficking on line、a pity that The Prevention of Human Trafficking is not able to develop its unified legislation, the attack of judicial police sense of law which often results in the dislocation of identity during the process of inspection、the omissions of reporting bonus leading to the lack of information、to refer to TVPA legislation of USA to resolve the highly blasted problem of the victim、how to balance the crime inspection and the protection of human rights, etc. The problems mentioned above seem like dazzling, but it is in fact closely linked and inseparable, there are many conflicts involved, like the crime inspection and the protection of human rights. However, these complicated appearances are the inevitable problems of prevention of the human trafficking. Due to the title set up of the thesis and the practical background of the author, there are many practices of crime inspections discussed, differing from general scholastic thesis. It is the author’s hope to display effect in practice, and to be of some advantages of the prevention of human trafficking in Taiwan.
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SHIH, HSIU-CHING, and 史秀菁. "The Study of Human Trafficking Prevention." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99836190793579890642.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
104
Globalization and wealth inequality affect politics and economics. The situations lead to the high demand of cheap labor among nations. In order to improve original life, immigrants try several ways such as working, marriage, sight-seeing to move to new country. Therefore, the high profit from human Trafficking has encouraged the crime activity and become one of the most serious issues in nowadays society. Because of Taiwan’s unique international identity, we often not able to attend international organization under Taiwan’s name. However the human Trafficking crime activity is at all boarders. At this point, the NGOs help the government and the victim’s family. Apart from this, the NGOs also cooperate with nations for prevention, assist the victims, encourage and rebuild victims confident, bring lawsuits on court. Helping victims get away from vulnerable, insecure, debt less, better economic situation are the most satisfaction for them. At last, in order to defeat and end the human trafficking activities, Taiwan is enthusiast to participating for international counter-trafficking plans and activities also investigating transnational human trafficking groups.
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Pu, Yeu-lin, and 蒲雨琳. "A Study on the Prevention of Human Trafficking." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05511801738145442343.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
公共政策所
95
Along with the increasingly prosperous interflow between the Taiwan Strait, methods and modes of Chinese trafficking have changed. From individual illegal immigration of the early days to group trafficking nowadays between Cross-strait, it is not a single sided behavior anymore. Trafficking organizations play an important intermediate role during this process. The relationship of trafficking organizations and illegal immigrates is somewhat like commensalisms. Presently, trafficking has become one of the most growing up organized crime around the worlds. This kind of organized operation has become a trans-regional threat to national and public security. This article is based on records, theories, and ordinances, and also compares relative preventive polices of China and Taiwan objectively. This data is then analyzed and formed into the foundation of the interview. The purpose of this article is to find out the cause of trafficking organizations, their operation modes, organization structure, the current situation, and future trends from a diverse viewpoint, After combining the analysis and interviews, this research found the various internal factors of trafficking include: transformation of the trafficking organization’s structure, change of trafficking methods, a lacking of integrated planning against trafficking, ineffective supervisory function by administrative units. The above are critical elements causing trafficking and related crime to be dependent on each other. Furthermore, external factors influencing trafficking behavior include: the diverse nationality of illegal workers inside Taiwan causing the original illegal immigrants from mainland China less important in whole economic system. The declined inducement results in the gradual transformation of trafficking organizations. The following are the recommendations: to strengthen advocacy of related law , heavier penalties against illegal immigrate and trafficking group, raising rewards, building crime databases. Only by doing so can theory and practical affairs be combined together. Also by following-up on the development of trafficking organizations can we prevent these kinds of crime before hand and achieve the final goal of eliminating trafficking organizations.
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Wang, Mao-Chuan, and 王懋銓. "Mechanism for Prevention of Human Trafficking in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93196348523906525303.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
99
This thesis uses strategic and national security perspectives to research the issue of human trafficking which is a kind of Nontraditional Security threat. To build prevention mechanism for reducing the effects of three levels, personal, social and national. From the “3P” anti-trafficking policy, the third dimension of anti-trafficking policies, “prevention policy,” such as strengthen management of border and control the flow, block the offer of human trafficking, and with the domestic investigation to obstruct the demand of it. Because of the globalization and the rapid growth in global population, our country has relaxed the immigrations policies to attract professionals and open immigration to stimulate our economic and has continued to introduce a mass of foreign workers to fill gaps in the labor market. Moreover recently, cross–Strait Relation have been improved, have enhanced kinds of activities and expanded both official and unofficial exchanges activities than ever before. Due to the above two factors, our country will re-gain big benefits but such cross-border crime, human trafficking will also be followed. In the prevention of human trafficking and other offenders of human trafficking-related activities, it is necessary to strengthen the policy in order to safeguard national security. Our country has won international recognition for the effectiveness in the prevention of human trafficking. Mentioned in this paper to prevent cross-border crime, the most important is to control in the flow, to dispose the flow control interception point on the examination of embassies, consulates or offices and border inspection, in order to filter illegal immigrants involved in criminal activities. National Immigration Agency accredit immigration officers to assist the foreign ministry consular service in some of our embassies, consulates or offices, in Border focus on the passport inspection and learn the experiences of the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan to use the biometric systems in passport inspection system, in order to strengthen crime-related blocked persons engaged in human trafficking. This paper to investigate the experiences of other countries to use the biometric systems in prevention of human trafficking, let people to know the propose of the biometric recognition and to reduce excessive doubts and suspicions of personal privacy. Moreover, biometric Systems offer fast-track Customs clearance the convenience services. In the Chapter V discusses the plight of preventive mechanism of human trafficking. There are three factors: First the National Immigration Agency may face the problem of the implementation of prevention of human trafficking, such as organizational structure, inadequate staffing, training and business increase in the number of factors. ect. Second, the human trafficking related to the China issues, such as the implementation of mutual legal assistance, the mutual establishment of offices, the free exercise of mainland tourists and other factor, will make the implementation to be more complex. Third, the biometric becomes a good weapon for the crime prevention, but foreign scholars warned that personal information must be properly managed and biological characteristics, to prevent the leakage of information spread around the world. In addition, if open to the free exercise of mainland tourists, and easy to mainland tourists will be the object of criminal groups.
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Huang, Lin-Yu, and 黃齡玉. "A study on Human Trafficking Prevention Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17633689388656385781.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
99
Human trafficking is a modern-day slavery that seriously infringes on human rights and is intolerable. The 2005 Thai workers’ riot at the Kaohsiung MRT construction project drew so much media attention and brought out many polict debates when it broke out. However, after the incident, government policies changed only minor. It is worth investigating why this did not escalate to the macro political level. This thesis intends applies the punctuated equilibrium model to depict changes in the Taiwan trafficking policy process, isolating the punctuation and equilibrium variations in the process of change, and define three stages of policy development―the initial, growth and maturity. Through literature review, in-depth interviews, and data mining, this stufy analyzes how network participants use their talents to exchange resources or delegate authority to satisfy their needs and round their policy goals. Empirical and theoretical research results deriving from policy network theory and punctuated equilibrium theory indicate that both theories have a high degree of interpretive potency for Taiwan policies in preventing trafficking in persons. Comparing the empirical policy network with the theoretical Rhodes type of network, this study identifies that anti-human trafficking policies in Taiwan have not factored in the supplier network, leading to the policy efficacy at controlling labor exploitation falling short of expectations. Regulation of the supplier network would be boosted if this efficacy is to be enhanced. Meanwhile, the definition for human-trafficking is unclear and needs to be further clarified and elaborated as to clearly demarcate the line between sexual exploitation and obscenity, as well as between labor-employer disputes and labor exploitation. When these distinctions could be justified and do not violate the citizenry sentiment the effort preventing human trafficking in Taiwan would become really effectively.
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YU-TING, CHANG, and 張宇婷. "The Study on the Prevention of Human Trafficking under International Law." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q3cg66.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
法律系研究所
106
Prevention, Prosecution, Protection and Partnership are the current 4P strategies in combating human trafficking. Among these strategies, prosecution and conviction are usually in the poor situation of implementation for their low prosecution and conviction rate. Besides, strategies solely focusing on addressing crime itself are not only incapable of solving the problems from the root causes but harm the victims and leave many problems. By comparison, prevention measures against human trafficking are not only more economical but also reduce the vulnerability embedded in socio-economic structure of victims and avoid them from re-victimization. Therefore, prevention is the best strategies in combating human trafficking. Despite the recognition of the importance of prevention, most of the countries still take suppressive law measures against human trafficking. To clarify the current legal system on trafficking prevention, the study respectively begins with two legal framework: international criminal law and international human rights law and explores the prevention law and policy in the two legal system. In the context, the scope of trafficking prevention covers beyond addressing the criminals and criminal network and also includes the aspects from the victims and markets. By means such as education, awareness raising, improving vulnerabilities, addressing supply and demand, the risks of trafficking could be reduced. In addition, under the context of globalization, advanced technology, convenient transportation and the intensive trading network of capitalism prevail the crime of human trafficking. States are no longer the only character involved in the prevention action. The private sectors play important roles. Besides, the advantages business enterprises taking through globalization are also accompanied by a high risk of involvement in trafficking in persons. To deal with the problem, in addition to the development of domestic law, enterprises should also develop relevant self-disciplines rules and programs to prevent trafficking in human beings. From private State to private sectors, every character jointly develops a holistic approach on trafficking prevention.
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Ho, Yu-Hsuan, and 何俞萱. "Prevention Strategies of Human Trafficking Victims-The Study on Runaway Foreign workers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7d2ma6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
犯罪防治碩士在職專班
104
The Employment Service Act was passed in 1992 to solve the long existed problem of insufficient labour force, since then foreign workers have been brought in Taiwan. Up to the end of 2013, the number of foreign workers has accumulated to over 48 thousand. Meanwhile, untracked foreigns workers in Taiwan have been increasing as well. This has resulted in social security and hygienic problems, and caused the attention of Ministries. Some runaway foreign workers experienced forced labour and sexual deprivation from agency or illegal employers, and became victims of human trafficking. The research starts from the aspect of victims, and made deep interviews with six victims sheltered in an non-government institution in Tainan, trying to find their experiences and victimisation cognitions after they fled and analyze the reasons they didn’t ask for help, their mental experiences after exploitation, conditions of placement and protection and their feelings about it. And some results of the research are shown as follows: 1.Victims have little understanding and awareness of their own privilege. 2.Reasons victims abscond are related to their maladjustment in Taiwan. Mostly heavy works, bad interactions with employers or not having improvements on salary. 3.Mental experiences of sexual deprivation victims usually starts from endure, and then we can basically classify them into three types: namely planning to surrender, planning to flee and waiting for examination negatively. 4.Reasons victims won’t ask for help can be assorted into four categories: mentality reasons, economical reasons, employer issues and others. 5.Most victims feel pleased with placement and protection. In the end we can give some preventive strategies and advices about the future.
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Mollema, Nina. "Combating human trafficking in South Africa: a comparative legal study." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10189.
Full textAbstract:
This research is aimed at evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of the legal framework dealing with human trafficking in South Africa. To achieve this purpose, a comprehensive diachronic as well as contemporary overview of the punishment and prevention of human trafficking in South Africa as well as in the legal systems of the US, Germany and Nigeria is provided.
An overview of the history of slavery and an analysis of the modern conceptualisation of human trafficking indicate that human trafficking is a highly complex concept, and that there are various approaches to the understanding of the concept of human trafficking. There are various definitions of trafficking found in international instruments of which the most important has been identified as that contained in the Palermo Protocol. The definitions vary also because trafficking is closely related to the phenomena of migration, slavery and smuggling of humans. The study further identifies some significant root causes of trafficking generally, as well as specific, to the four selected regions. It was found that in South Africa – similar to the history of slavery in the jurisdictions of the US, Germany and Nigeria – colonisation and the institution of slavery and, more particularly in South Africa, the legacy of the apartheid regime has had an impact on modern human trafficking.
The research concedes that although common-law crimes, statutes and transitional legislation can be utilized to challenge some trafficking elements, these offences are not comprehensive enough to amply deal with the crime’s complexities and provide only a fragmented approach to combating the crime. The study shows that South Africa needs to adopt specific and comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation that is based essentially on the provisions of the Palermo Protocol, that is, the draft TIP Bill. Although the Bill is a major improvement on the provisions in the Palermo Protocol as well as on certain aspects of the anti-trafficking legislation in the US, Germany and Nigeria, the Bill can still be improved, especially with regard to more effective victim assistance and the combating of local-specific vulnerability factors. Anti-trafficking efforts undertaken in the US, Germany and Nigeria which may be of value also for the adoption of anti-trafficking legislation, law enforcement and other strategies in South Africa, are further identified.
iv
The research further establishes also that international, regional and sub-regional instruments on trafficking and related aspects of trafficking provide guidelines for developing effective strategies to deal with trafficking within the region. The counter-trafficking strategies as found in treaties (including conventions), protocols, declarations and resolutions – those focussing specifically on combating trafficking and those with a human-rights focus – oblige states to prosecute traffickers, protect people vulnerable to trafficking as well as those already trafficked and create structures for prevention. Regional instruments specifically formulated to combat trafficking as well as instruments that make reference to the issue of trafficking in persons may further provide the basis for long-term strategies to combat human trafficking. However, it was found that although South Africa has adopted many cooperative mechanisms in the form of direct bilateral or multilateral agreements, as well as international and regional treaties and conventions, the jurisdiction has not as yet implemented comprehensive strategies to combat human trafficking. The introduction of legislation to combat human trafficking, and various other strategies envisaged in the TIP Bill and also recommendations suggested in this thesis, should be considered by parliament as a matter of priority. A comprehensive response to human trafficking which includes adequate protection of victims is required in terms of various constitutional imperatives identified in this research.Criminal & Procedural Law
LL.D.
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Chembe, Phyllis Kedibone. "Human trafficking in Southern Africa: the need for an effective regional response." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23739.
Full textAbstract:
Human trafficking is an old practice that has become a matter of global concern irrespective whether a country is a country of origin where people are trafficked from; a country of transit where people are trafficked through and a country of destination where people are trafficked to. In 2009, the UN Office on Crime and Drugs stated that 66% females, 22% of children and 12% of men are trafficked. In Africa, human trafficking is identified as a problem in roughly one in three of the countries. According to the Salvation Army, at least 2,000,000 people are trafficked each year and of the estimated number, Africa accounts for 450,000. Furthermore, statistics reveal that 30% of cases handled by the Southern Africa Counter-Trafficking Assistance Programme (SACTAP) involved SADC nationals.
The purpose of this study was therefore to determine whether there is a need for an effective legislative response to human trafficking in SADC. This was established by tracing the evolvement of trafficking from its conceptualization as slavery to its evolvement to human trafficking. Further, by investigating the measures taken within the SADC region to address human trafficking both at the national and regional levels and a comparative study between different regions and between selected SADC countries was conducted.
In the summary of key findings, it was found that the definition of human trafficking as laid out in the Palermo Protocol cannot sufficiently and adequately combat human trafficking in SADC countries in its current form due to a number of reasons. Furthermore, at the institutional level it was found that the Protocols adopted by SADC do not afford all victims of trafficking protection and the Plan of Action is non-binding and faces implementation problems. At SADC country levels it was found that although twelve of the fifteen countries adopted anti-trafficking legislation, these countries struggle with compliance and implementation mechanisms, which show, that mere passing of legislation does not automatically translate to compliance.
This study therefore concluded by proposing a number of options that can be explored in order to effectively prevent, and combat human trafficking in SADC. Even though this study does not offer a blueprint solution, it contributes towards the development of a model that will better be suited to address human trafficking problems at the SADC level.Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. M.
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LO, KUO-JUNG, and 羅國榮. "Taiwan's Criminal Provisions in relation to Labour Exploitation:Focusing on Article 32 of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p3xjd3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
104
The importance of anti-human trafficking seems to be fully-aware in Taiwan, but labour exploitation isn’t. Although labour exploitation is recognized as a major form of human trafficking, few research have been done in Taiwan, especially when it compares to all the academic/policy discussions and resources spent on sexual exploitation. Since Taiwan has long been graded as Tier 1 country in the Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report by the U.S. government, Taiwan authorities assume no further actions are needed, and the Human Trafficking Prevention Act which was passed in 2009 – yet full with bizarre elements and unclear definitions – has never been modified. Moreover, prosecutors and judges continued to demonstrate limited understanding of labour exploitation crimes by not appropriately recognizing the essence of labour exploitation. This thesis highlights the very fact that most trafficking victims in Taiwan are migrant workers from Southeast Asia. And over 550,000 migrant workers are hired in through recruitment agencies and brokers, to perform low-skilled work as domestic workers or in the manufacturing industries. Some migrant workers are charged excessive recruitment fees, resulting in substantial debts used by brokers or employers as tools of coercion to retain their labor. Domestic workers are also vulnerable to exploitation, since they are excluded from the protections of minimum wage or maximum daily working hours according to the Labor Standards Law. By reviewing the latest judgements relating to forced labour cases of ECHR(European Court of Human Rights) , and international treaties of UN, EU and ILO(International Labour Organization), this thesis analyzes the existing misunderstanding of labour exploitation crimes in Taiwan’s court decisions. This thesis also argues that Article 296 of Criminal Code (Slavery), Article 75 of Labor Standards Law (Forced Labour crime) and Article 32 of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act (Labour Exploitation crime) are related, partly overlapping yet intrinsically different crimes, and proposes alternative interpretations of Article 32 of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act.
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Kuo, Jung-ching, and 郭榮慶. "NGO''s Functions and Roles in Prevention of Human Trafficking--A Case of XX Center." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59101193855482842758.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
非營利事業管理研究所
98
In recently, a lot of people realize that human trafficking is a crime in human right violation. The government put much effort in human trafficking prevention; however, there are illegal doers, employers or spouses still see one as slavery and also use a variety of illegal methods to force them to work night and day or compel them to prostitution. These acts not only contravene the UN (the United Nations) regulations and laws in the R.O.C. (the Republic of China), but deeply violate one''s human right and dignity. Besides, it also makes our country feel shame in international image. Since the execution of "Human Trafficking Prevention Act", it makes offenders hang back illegal behaviors. On the other hand, it makes victims gain a real protection service; furthermore, it also symbolizes that our country make a progress in protection of human right. Nevertheless, in our country, it is possible that there are a few recessive victims who stay in Taiwan for exceeding the time limit do really need assistance. It is expected that by carrying out the ways of protection and prevention and the methods of investigation and prosecution actively, it can raise the effects of human trafficking prevention. By doing so, we not only can show the spirit of human right nation, strive for international society approval but can rise our country image in international society. People who have general knowledge do not believe that human being resurrects slave system in the 21st century. These slaves may be the relatives or friends of you and my, they may not sustain huge sufferings after violating. In other words, they may experience an incredible and intolerable bullying ways or they may die because of maltreatment or because of diseases infection. Due to the extravagant profits in human trafficking, there are more and more illegal doers will replace predecessors to do the same thing even if an offender is ferreted out. Human trafficking is continuously worked in our society; however, no matter how hard to fight for this battle, the most important thing is that people should cooperate with law-enforcing departments, such as National Immigration Agency, National Police Agency, enterprise, and non-government organization to confront heartless offenders. Meanwhile, we must make victims realized that someone still concern and also fight for them; moreover, we need to make them know that they still can continue their life. After experiencing hopelessness and difficult position, the most significance thing is to face facts; additionally, the criminal behaviors in human trafficking will not happen if people do not create human trafficking opportunities and put an effort on human trafficking prevention.
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Sloan, Naomi. "Secular and faith-based NGOs : a content analysis of priorities." 2012. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1671222.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of human trafficking has been widely studied, but primarily from the perspective of the victims. This study, rather than focusing on the victims, focused on the NGOs that are part of the counter-trafficking movement. In a content analysis of the websites of 24 counter-trafficking organizations, the priorities of faith-based NGOs and secular NGOs were compared. Additionally, the study examined which theory of development a secular or faithbased
organization was more likely to adopt. Findings indicate that the priorities of faith-based and secular NGOs do differ; secular NGOs mention more concrete priorities while faith-based NGOs are more vague. Secular NGOs also leaned more towards the radical theory of development, while faith-based NGOs did not seem to follow any particular theory of development.Department of Sociology
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賴姿媛. "Research at the role and function of NGOs in human trafficking prevention --Taking "Women's Rescue Foundation" for example." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97754966297367480918.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
98
This research takes the “Women’s Rescue Foundation” as the individual case study object, exploring it’s investment in the development process of human trafficking prevention, its role and function, and what’s be expected by government. To understand the difference in executing human trafficking prevention through the comparison between public and privates’ point of view, and hope that this research outcome could offer reference for government and Non-Government Organization in regulating human trafficking prevention policies and execution plans. Toward the “Women’s Rescue Foundations’ investment in human trafficking prevention and its cooperation between government and Non-Government Organization, we list the following discovery. First: the “Women’s Rescue Foundation” which belongs to Non-Government Organization, aims at saving trauma, propelling reformation by discovering society problems, and gradually from domestic women salvation to international women salvation. Second, the “Women’s Rescue Foundation” evens up the human trafficking prevention job with public sector, division of roles, which corresponds to the issue of Non-Government Organization development theory. Third: “Women’s Rescue Foundation” maintains cooperative and complementary relation with the government while engaging in preventing human trafficking. Those law executors in public sector and administrators who were investigated felt that Non-Government Organization plays the role of the government communicators and supervisors, being good at locating victims’ location. In assisting the government to propel policies and construct many kinds of international channels through network between Non-Government Organization NGO is more flexible than the government. The Non-Government Organization’s job in propelling human trafficking prevention isn’t easily to be limited by enactment and budget cancel problems. Through assisting to regulate laws in order to reduce the demerit in “Human Trafficking Prevention Act” which says that putting emphasis on administration efficiency but ignoring human rights. Infusing human rights into administrative organizations’ rigid thought, indirectly accelerating to give impetus to administrative organizations’ prevention jobs. The advantages such as victims feel a sense of security and rely on NGO, it’s better for NGO to execute victims’ arrangement protection job, so it could make the government and NGO not only cooperative but also complementary. Human trafficking prevention job involves cooperation between the government and NGO. The government and NGO stands for the research to agree with reformation, suggest, and try formula. They improve communication, technology supporting, and training. Researching, supervising, and estimating. Bringing up human trafficking prevention strategies for underprivileged minority proposition. The “Women’s Rescue Foundation”, which is a non-government organization, propels human trafficking prevention job is also a kind of cooperation between public and private. Because of global trend, requirement and supply, which lead to “Trafficking in Persons” inevitably, The NGO stands for seven kinds of characteristics such as organization, folk, non-profit, self-government, volunteer, apolitical, unreligious. Developing and operating basic level, supporting reformation, proposing, and testing formula. Improving communication, supporting technology, and training. Researching, supervising, and estimating. Proposing for underprivileged minority. The government and the NGO should base on the discovery of this research, function of each non-government, reinforce human trafficking prevention function through strategies and action to lower human trafficking crime rates in Taiwan, return to “the first class country”.
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ASKOLA, Heli. "Legal responses to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the European Union : towards a comprehensive approach?" Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4547.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 20 June 2005Examining board: Bruno de Witte, EUI ; Kees Groenendijk, University of Nijmegen ; Thérèse Murphy, University of Nottingham ; Neil Walker, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
The phenomenon of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation, which in the last decade has changed from a marginal 'non-issue' to a legitimate concern in many parts of the world, has become familiar through newspaper coverage, and now, finally, legislators and law enforcement agencies have begun to act. In Europe many EU Member States now have (or are developing) at least some sort of anti-trafficking policies (with some of them in the forefront of global anti-trafficking efforts). Moreover, the EU itself has become markedly more active with regard to curbing trafficking in human beings, as part of its migration control and police and judicial co-operation functions. However, even co-ordinated efforts such as those being worked on by the EU tend to produce only short-term 'cures' to a problem that is in truth global and structural in nature and which cannot be eradicated - or necessarily even significantly reduced - through policing and migration control measures alone. Too often there is little debate on broader measures which might be targeted to address the 'root causes' of trafficking, such as poverty, under-development, general lack of economic and migration opportunities and, above all, gender inequality. Against this background, this dissertation deals with present efforts to control trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. In doing so it examines claims that what is needed effectively to prevent and tackle trafficking is a 'comprehensive' approach, and at the very least one that is far more wide-ranging and coherent than what exists today, and also analyses the assertion that destination countries, and more specifically Member States of the EU, could and perhaps should, take more action against trafficking through regional co-operation, particularly in the framework of the EU, rather than as individual Member States. The thesis will be of interest to a wide range of scholars in EU law, human rights, comparative law, sociology, feminist theory and politics, as well as policy-makers, practitioners and NGO activists in various European countries.
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CHAN, YU-CHEN, and 詹裕成. "A Study of the Criminal Law under the Victims of the Foreign Workers–An Analysis of Human Trafficking Prevention Act." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6tf5tk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
105
Human trafficking is one of three serious criminal violation around the world. In Taiwan, there have already been some discussions about human trafficking existed; however, researches focusing on both of human trafficking and migrant workers can be only counted on the fingers of one hand (few). In the situation of overpopulation of migrant workers, economically disadvantaged status, leaving far from home, having linguistic barriers to communication and so on have further aggravated the problem, more easily to make them become victims of exploitation, which have not been valued by Taiwan. Human trafficking is originally from slavery in antiquity. As time goes by and global economy developed, slavery had been abolished by nations all over the world. Nevertheless, part of the features of human trafficking nowadays are similar to slavery in ancient time, it’s the so-called contemporary slavery. In this thesis, we are going to introduce the historical background of human trafficking, status of migrant workers in Taiwan and the cause of formation on human trafficking. It's been more than 8 years since Human Trafficking Prevention Act was enforced. Some indefinite legal concept that's included in this Act, according to articles 31-34 for instance, there’s also no specific definition of elements of crime on illegal exploitation in trial proceedings. In order to reduce the controversy mentioned above, this thesis is trying to compare Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (also referred to as the Trafficking Protocol or UN TIP Protocol), Trafficking Victim Protection Act (TVPA) and other regulations related to criminal violation of Human trafficking, hopefully to deal with the indefinite legal concept successfully. In this thesis, on the one hand we will make a basic introduction to Human trafficking and relative regulations, on the other hand study the caseload, conviction rates and penalties by statistical techniques based on the entity of blue-collar migrant workers who were victims of human trafficking, according to the above we will try to draw a conclusion and make some suggestions in the end of this thesis.
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SIAN, SYU GU, and 徐家賢. "The Practice Bottleneck of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act : Analysis on the Indigenized Contexts Related to the Victims of Sexual Exploitation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81724382157499659424.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
資訊與社會研究所
103
Human trafficking, regarded as contemporary slavery worldwide and generally accepted as the highly profitable transnational organized crime by the UN, is the crime of serious human rights violations. For the purpose of preventing human trafficking cases, “Human Trafficking Prevention Act” was announced by the Government of the Republic of China in January 2009. However, from this act, several flaws have been occurring since the effective date. Instead of well solving human trafficking problems for female foreign victims within Taiwan, the act becomes impregnable for those who utilize protections of it as cover for prostitution. Research indicates that the agencies of enforcing the policies focus on “prosecution” as well as “protection” exceedingly, as a result, the protection or temporary placement, benefiting human trafficking victims (female victims of sex exploitation), artfully becomes the means of avoiding repatriation. Simultaneously, in order to getting better performance, the agencies, being self-policing, often makes practical misjudgments which lead to repeat temporary replacement. Moreover, since the unit of temporary placement is incapable of monitoring and tracking the victims, some of them, under weighing the comparative advantages over criminal activities, constantly make their escape and falls into being sex workers again so as to get paid more. In the gap between temporary placement and repatriation provisions, these marginalized victims, exploiting loopholes, turn into fugitives unexpectedly. Consequently, this circumstance is as satire of human rights. In this article, methods of documentary analysis and case studies are applied to investigate, from the legal and practical sides, the extensive problems carried by the cases of protecting human trafficking victims (female victims of sex exploitation), and then clarify the related issues from every aspect. Meanwhile, supplementary measures, potentially seen as the references for the domestic prosecutor authority, are developed from the current systematic side, particularly the suggestions of amending law articles and advancing practices.
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KRÁLOVÁ, Martina. "PREVENCE OBCHODOVÁNÍ S LIDMI PROVÁDĚNÁ NA STŘEDNÍCH ŠKOLÁCH." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80370.
Full textAbstract:
Even though 79% of the surveyed students claim they have heard the term ``human trafficking{\crq}q, only 14% can define this term accurately. On the basis of the information obtained, a conclusion was arrived at that the level of information about human trafficking among students at Kolín-district secondary schools is inadequate. The students themselves said in their opinions that they did not have enough information about human trafficking, thus confirming this fact. The benefit and sense of this dissertation was to map the still uncharted territory of Kolín-district secondary schools from the viewpoint of human trafficking and to conduct a lecture. Compared to other issues, the prevention of human trafficking is neglected. Therefore, lectures should be conducted on this issue, which should even be integrated into the curriculum, in particular in the subjects of citizenship and the basics of social sciences.
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Geldenhuys, Irma Cornell Haupt. "A critical understanding of the policing of trafficking in persons." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23126.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of conducting this research was to obtain a critical understanding of how the South African Police Service (SAPS), law enforcement (LE) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) understand the concept, policing of Trafficking in Persons (TIP). The study indicates different role players in the policing of TIP. The researcher explored the present and possible future cooperation between SAPS and NGOs in the Cape Town area. The development of policing and legal aspects concerning TIP was explored globally.
Research indicates the necessity of a professional partnership approach between SAPS, LE and NGOs, in the policing of TIP. The researcher identified factors that inhibit the effectiveness of policing of TIP. These factors include among others the lack of training in the identification of TIP and lack of trust between role players. Recommendations to this effect and the implementation of the policing of TIP are made to all concerned, especially SAPS management.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)
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Reda, Asefach Haileselassie. "An investigation into the expriences [sic] of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6043.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to tell the story of female victims of human trafficking from Ethiopia. It pertains to the cause of trafficking and how it affects their social and emotional wellbeing. The study is conducted in light of constructivist framework and involves in-depth interviews with five returnees whose experiences as victims are explored. This is done to get insight into the challenges faced by the wider population. Themes evident in the stories are discussed in line with relevant literature. The study shows lack of job opportunities, limited income and false promises made by brokers as the major factors drawing women into human trafficking. The findings also show that even after return, the victims experience further difficulties due to post-traumatic psychological factors. Looking at the significance of the research outcome, the gleaned information could be of value for organizations working on migration and countering human trafficking.Investigation into the experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Melo, Manuel Fernando da Silva. "Tráfico de seres humanos: dificuldades e desafios da prevenção e repressão." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/46649.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direitos HumanosA presente dissertação analisa a questão do Tráfico de Seres Humanos (TSH) numa perspetiva de Direitos Humanos. Visa apresentar algumas das (in)definições das mais diversas formas de tráfico, bem como os importantes desafios das organizações internacionais, regionais e nacionais que, através de acordos e investigações conjuntas, lutam para reduzir o número de vítimas que preenchem as estatísticas universais. O crime de TSH assume diferentes formas e cada uma apresenta as suas especificidades, com diferenças em termos de perfil de vítimas e traficantes, bem como de modus operandi, local, duração e intensidade da exploração, o que permitirá verificar que este tipo de crime não se perpetua unicamente pelos caminhos do crime organizado transnacional. Face à complexidade do crime de TSH, são propostas novas medidas prioritárias contra a prática deste fenómeno – que representa uma das mais graves violações dos direitos humanos civis, políticos, económicos, sociais e culturais, pois retira da vítima a própria condição de pessoa humana e gera lucros incomensuráveis para os traficantes e exploradores, colocando novos desafios aos órgãos de polícia criminal, organizações e sociedade civil, com vista à prevenção e repressão do tráfico de seres humanos.
This dissertation analyses the question of Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) in a perspective of human rights. Aim to present some of the (in)definitions of the various forms of trafficking, as well as the importance challenges of international, regional and national Organizations that, through agreements and joint investigations, strive to reduce the number of victims that fill the universal statistics. The THB crime takes on different forms and each has its specific characteristics, with differences in the profile terms of victims and traffickers, as well as on the modus operandi, location, duration and intensity of the exploration, which will allow as verify that this type of crime isn’t perpetuated only in the ways of transnational organized crime. Regarding the complexity of THB crimes, are proposed new priority measures against the practice of this phenomenon – which represents is one of the most serious violations of civil human rights, political, economic, social and cultural, because it removes the victim the very condition of the human person and generates huge profits for traffickers and exploiters, creating new challenges to criminal police forces, organizations and civil society for the prevention and repression of trafficking in human beings.
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DUCHÁČKOVÁ, Lucie. "Informovanost mládeže o obchodu s lidmi - prevence obchodu s lidmi na středním odborném učilišti a středních školách v Českých Budějovicích." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49014.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with problems of trafficking in human beings, especially concerning prevention. The theoretical part characterizes forms of trafficking in human beings and their appearance in the Czech Republic. Further the impact of trafficking in human beings on the trafficked subjects and the specificity of social work in the sphere of trafficking in human beings are described. In the end of the theoretical part organizations engaged in prevention of trafficking in human beings in the Czech Republic are introduced. The aim of the diploma thesis was to map České Budějovice youth's knowledge of trafficking in human beings. The subaim of the diploma thesis was to prepare and carry out lectures on prevention of trafficking in human beings at secondary schools and secondary educational establishment and subsequently to map if studentś information about trafficking in human beings increases after the lectures. In the practical part this research used quantitative investigation, method of questioning, questionnaire technology. Youth's information about trafficking in human beings in České Budějovice was not better than the hypothesis, which arose pursuant to the results of the pilot research, assumed. By means of following questioning, which ran at intervals from 3 to 6 months after the lecture, it was found out, that students´ knowledge of trafficking in human beings increased however the partial hypothesis was not confirmed. The lecture on prevention of trafficking in human beings with special intention on working migration abroad and prevention of its risk, done by the author, is stated in the part Apendices.
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Kudláčová, Petra. "Nelegální práce." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435499.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis called Illegal work deals with illegal employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic, which is in most cases connected with trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced labor. The first chapter is generally devoted to the definition of the concept of illegal work under Act No. 435/2004 Coll. on Employment and Act No. 262/2006 Coll. Labour Code. The second chapter brings the view of the employee, employer and the state on illegal work. The following third chapter focuses on the sectors in which illegal work occurs most often. The fourth chapter describes the working conditions of employees who are illegally employed and are exploited in every possible way, especially in terms of pay, working conditions or working hours. The fifth chapter contains factors that affect the exploitation of migrant workers and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced labor. The sixth chapter is devoted to the control bodies of the state administration, such as the State Labor Inspection Office, the Customs Office, the Labor Office and the Foreign Police. The seventh and last chapter of the theoretical part deals with possible ways of prevention in the field of illegal employment. The eighth chapter contains a practical part in which the quantitative method is used, while the technique of...
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Jui-Chien, Kao, and 高瑞謙. "A Study on Preventing Transnational Human Trafficking." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07414588037887172429.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
政治學研究所
99
Rooting from viewpoints of the trend of globalization and global governance, the dissertation aimed to research the connection between human trafficking and aforementioned elements. In addition to analyzing the regulations, which focus on preventing human trafficking, made by the government departments and the results, it also took a look at the impact encountered and the strategies to combat them. Meanwhile, with the analyzing standard set by U.S. Department of State, the dissertation reviewed Taiwan’s system of preventing human trafficking, standard operating procedures and coping strategies, and the enforcement taken to fight human trafficking of Taiwan’s police agencies, such as the coping methods embraced in accordance with the entire society security status, the problems faced during enforcing the laws and the essential attitude law enforcement officials should obtain. This dissertation could be the reference for the law enforcement agencies to strengthen their standard operating procedures. This dissertation is divided into six chapters. Chapter One is preface, it frames the researching background, motivation and the goals of the study. Preface also defines the researching scale by explaining the terms and introduces the structure and the design of the research. Chapter Two is the look back on related documents. Starting from the phenomenon of globalization and global governance, it explores the borderline of human trafficking and other kinds of crimes. This chapter also confers on the actions the government departments took to prevent human trafficking as the street-level bureaucrats. Chapter Three is about the prevention and control on human trafficking. It analyzes the status of global governance’s fighting on human trafficking, and focuses on UN, EU, America, and China, international organizations or states that are in tight relationship with Taiwan, as the main targets of research. It also compares the policies, division of labor, and the execution of attacking human trafficking. Chapter Four is about the current status of Taiwan’s police agencies combating human trafficking. It introduces the 「Anti-Slavery Project」executed by police agencies and demonstrates both the content and the results of executing the project. This chapter also analyzes and reviews sample cases. Chapter Five is the analysis of qualitative data. This chapter includes the interviews with street-level law enforcement officials of police agencies of National Police Agency. The content of the interview is used to verify the anti-human trafficking policy, and is used as the reference of the coping strategies that are provided at the conclusion of this dissertation. Chapter Six is the conclusion. It includes the flashback on Taiwan’s prevention of human trafficking and the overall society security, difficulties and challenges and the improving incentives we had. The final part of the dissertation not only provides the thorough look back of the entire content and the conclusion of the research, it also locates where the difficulties and challenges are nowadays. Last but not least, it suggests 10 coping strategies to carry through the entire dissertation at the end. Key Words：Globalization、Global Governance、Human Trafficking、Police Agencies、Transnational Crime、False Marriage、Exploitation
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Anthony, Inge. "Understanding the experiences of adolescents trafficked for sexual exploitation : informing social work services." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14355.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of adolescent human trafficking for sexual exploitation is of such a nature that it interferes with the attainment of adolescent developmental tasks that would lead to the ability to become independent adults. This interference offers specific challenges to service providers. The goal of this study was therefore to develop an in-depth understanding of service providers’ perceptions of the experiences of adolescents trafficked for sexual exploitation with a view to inform social work services. The research methodology entailed the use of the contextual, explorative and descriptive research designs within a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis led to the identification of themes, sub-themes and categories that addressed the goal of the study. A literature control was conducted to verify the data and to draw conclusions and make recommendations for social work service delivery.Social Work
M. A. (Social Science)
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Dubyak, Erin A. ""Flying the plane as we build it" : a qualitative study of an organization's goals and actions toward the prevention of exploited female youth." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29499.
Full textAbstract:
Within the U.S. there is a growing interest in the case of female adolescents being coerced into the sex industry (Bernstein, 2010; Estes & Weiner, 2001; Soderlund, 2010; Williams and Frederick, 2009). This interest, which emerged due to U.S. involvement in the international trafficking phenomena and grassroots organizing, has resulted in a movement to end commercial sexual exploitation of children (also known as "child trafficking)". Feminist activists have mobilized around this issue seeking recourse for youth who have been victims of exploitation. This thesis presents a study of a prevention/early intervention program, the "Girls Coalition," founded for adjudicated girls who are deemed "high risk" for commercial sexual exploitation. The Youth Resource Center, a non-profit organization, began the Girls Coalition in order to prevent exploitation by empowering the youth to better their lives. While not an openly identified feminist organization, the Girls Coalition does espouse feminist goals and its mission emulates feminist processes. Through qualitative methods my study explores how the staff understand their role in the lives of the youth they serve as well as the organization in which they work. Findings reveal themes centered on feminist management and organizational functioning, which includes the processes and dynamics present within the running of the organization. Results also reveal themes that include how participants enact ethics of care and empowerment of the youth whom the Girls Coalition serves.Graduation date: 2012
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Sá, Filipa Loureiro Pinto de. "O acesso das vítimas de tráfico de seres humanos a serviços de apoio social : perspetivas dos profissionais." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34969.
Full textAbstract:
O Tráfico de Seres Humanos caracteriza-se por um fenómeno que atenta contra o núcleo de direitos basilares, assumindo um papel desencadeador de uma miríade de necessidades nas vítimas, que vão desde o domínio social ao psicológico, e que exigem uma intervenção holística e multidisciplinar. O presente estudo seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, com a realização de 15 entrevistas a profissionais de apoio a vítimas de TSH, através das quais se procurou exploraras perceções destes acerca do acesso das vítimas a serviços de apoio social. Os resultados apontaram para a prestação de respostas de apoio diversificadas e atentas às necessidades evidenciadas pelas vítimas, contudo foram assinaladas algumas dificuldades que interferem na celeridade do processo de reintegração das vítimas. A importância da realização de um trabalho multidisciplinar e em rede foi realçada como um fator imprescindível à otimização das respostas.Human trafficking is characterized as a phenomenon that goes against the core basic rights, assuming a role that triggers a myriad of needs in victims, ranging from the social to the psychological domain, and which require a holistic and multidisciplinary intervention. The present study followed a qualitative approach, with 15 interviews with support professionals for victims of human trafficking, through which we tried to explore their perceptions about the victims’ access to social support services. The results pointed to the provision of diversified support responses that were attentive to the needs highlighted by the victims. However, some difficulties were pointed out that interfere with the speed of the victims’ reintegration process. The importance of carrying out a multidisciplinary and the networked work was highlighted as an essential factor for the optimization of responses.
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CHEN, LING LING, and 陳玲玲. "A Study on International Cooperation with Taiwan on Preventing Transnational Human Trafficking." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18762398668993240448.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
97
Human trafficking is a crime of such magnitude and atrocity that deprives people of their human rights and freedoms. Taiwan is primarily one of the demand countries for marriage migrants and migrant workers, as well as a destination for human trafficking. According to the U.S. 2009 Trafficking in Persons Report, Taiwan is still placed on the Tier 2 and faces the problem of human trafficking. The study aims: (1) To analyse the current challenge posed by global human trafficking. (2) To explain the causes of global human trafficking in general, and Taiwan in particular by applying the migration theory and theory in criminology. (3) To consider the international conventions on human trafficking, and statutes, policy and efforts of primary countries.. (4) To analyse measures to combat human trafficking, relevant statutes and related problems. (5) To research operational level mechanisms as well as cooperation with the governments of reception countries, in order to enhance prevention. (6) To analyse the possibility of international collaboration with Taiwan on preventing transnational human trafficking and provide specific recommendations. This study primarily argues for the importance of international collaboration to prevent transnational human trafficking. It adopts secondary data analysis and the comparative method , and explains the phenomena of human trafficking by applying international migration theory and theory from criminology, such as routine activity theory and “A Macro Perspective of Organized Crime─Rational Choice Not Ethnic Behavior”. The study makes use of Taiwan’s official data, the U.S. annual Trafficking in Persons Report, measures and legislation of the European Union, ASEAN, U.S.A and China. Results suggest that effective measures to combat human trafficking must be based an appropriate definition of human trafficking, followed by a study of the extent of trafficking so that the government can develop a comprehensive strategy. Similarly, the study suggests the need to continue on the path towards acceding to international conventions, concluding bilateral treaties concerning human trafficking, and developing further exchange of information, and legal assistance with other countries. Key words：human trafficking、international conventions 、 international organizations
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CHEN, HO-CHEN, and 陳河成. "A Research on Organizational Analysis and Preventive Strategy of Human Trafficking Group." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69w6fz.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
107
Abstract With the changes of generations, causing the advancement of science and technology transcends beyond imagination, and the development of transportation has shortened the distance between countries. In order to meet the demand of labor control and cost in powerful countries, people with bad intention will obtain cheap manpower from poor countries. However, due to national policies and high unemployment rate, the government will limit immigration and reduce the legal channels for entry. When the people of other countries are rejected from the destination country, criminal groups will aim at such markets and take advantage of the opportunity to obtain huge profits by using the illegal means under the counter to transport the victims to the destination country for labor crushing, sexual exploitation or organ harvesting. The economic losses and human rights violations caused by it are enormous, affecting the government's prestige and social security. We have to face up to the problem. Since the establishment of the Immigration Department in 2007 and the implementation of the "Human Trafficking Prevention Act" in 2009, Taiwan has paid a lot of eye-catching results and performance, which is also in line with the specific practices of relevant UN conventions. In recent years, Taiwan has been awarded the first-class honor of the US Trafficking Rating Report. Taiwan is one of the few model countries in the Asian region and worthy of recognition. Although Taiwan has achieved quite good results in prevention and control, there are still cases of human trafficking that are constantly happen every year. There is no declining tendency in the display of relevant data, and Taiwan is also suffering from the influence of the international political environment that causing delay in signing the United Nations Protocol against human trafficking and left behind in international cooperation. If we can understand the causes of human trafficking, organizational structure and mode of operation that made us know the context and direction of it as well as its criminal methods, plus follow-up investigations of rehabilitated, we can definitely prevent and respond to them. We can formulate better strategies and become a model for the world to let other countries take the initiative to send a message of cooperation. The method of this study examines the reasons for the formation of relevant criminal groups, the characteristics and changes of criminal organizations, the differences between human trafficking and human smuggling, areas that are distributed by extensively collecting relevant literature and secondary data of the judiciary. Moreover, having in-depth interviews with experienced first-line inspectors engaged in human trafficking prevention and control, and then analyze and summarize from the interviews to understand the actual organizational structure operation mode and crime risk, recidivism rate, plus the current cooperation situation of various units and the difficulties encountered. Finally, researcher will summarize the above information and combined the theory of situational crime prevention to make relevant conclusions. The main points of five research findings such as "Human trafficking is a loose network structure", "Foreign people cause the burden of the state", "New criminal methods have become obstacles to judicial investigation, " Insufficient follow-up investigation of offenders by investigating agencies" and "The concept of situational crime prevention contributes to the prevention of human trafficking". Based on these research findings, aiming at crimes against human trafficking, proposes suggestions such as to break down ethnic barriers, new strategies against criminal, follow-up counseling for rehabilitated, awareness of public sector, and implementation of the concept of prevention of situational crimes, The promotion of national integration and solidarity should be " Hold an exhibition organized without borders and have recreational activities regularly ", " Provide systems that give appropriate job based on work ability ". The new methods of combating human trafficking should be based on the understanding of the "Overseas control mechanism "and "The establishment of new laws and regulations related to transportation ". The follow-up of the perpetrators should be carried out by "Actively counseling the rehabilitated people for more employment "and " Measures to assist the investigation by third-party units ".; Supervising the internal management of the public sector should include four policies including " Public education ", "Counseling high-risk groups", "Introducing the crimes of colleagues" and " Collective punishment "; In terms of international cooperation, there should be "Establishing an encrypted response system" and "Return mechanism for non-official organizations". Finally, the concept of situational crime prevention should implement "Promotional activities should join the situational prevention concept" and "Assisted planning of situational crime prevention practices". Keywords : human trafficking, organized crime, situational crime prevention.