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1
Kimura, Kenji. "Human trafficking in Indonesia rethinking the New Order's impact on exploitative migration of Indonesian women /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149094155.
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Kimura, Kenji. "Human Trafficking in Indonesia: Rethinking the New Order’s Impact on Exploitative Migration of Indonesian Women." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149094155.
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Love, Kaleen E. "The politics of gender in a time of change : gender discourses, institutions, and identities in contemporary Indonesia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7aea965-c1aa-43b0-bc76-3bc743e90879.
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This dissertation fundamentally explores the nature of change, and the development interventions that aim to bring this change into a particular society. What emerges is the notion of a ‘spiral’: imagining the dynamic relationship between paradigms and discourses, the institutions and programmes operating in a place, and the way individual identities are constructed in intricate and contradictory ways. Within this spiral, discourse has power – ‘words matter’ – but equally significant is how these words interact dialogically with concrete social structures and institutions – ‘it takes more than changing words to change the world’. Furthermore, these changes are reacted to, and expressed in, the physical, sexed body. In essence, change is ideational, institutional, and embodied. To investigate the politics of change, this dissertation analyses the spiral relationships between gender discourses, institutions, and identities in contemporary Indonesia, focusing on their transmission across Java. It does so by exploring the Indonesian state’s gender policies in the context of globalisation, democratisation, and decentralisation. In this way, the lens of gender allows us to analyse the dynamic interactions between state and society, between ideas and institutions, which impact on everything from cultural structures to physical bodies. Research focuses on the gender policies of the Indonesian Ministry of Women’s Empowerment, substantiated with case study material from United Nations Population Fund reproductive health programmes in West Java. Employing a multi-level, multi-vocal theoretical framework, the thesis analyses gender discourses and relational structures (how discourses circulate to construct the Indonesian woman), gender institutions and social structures (how discourses are translated into programmes), and gender identities and embodied structures (how discourses enter the home and the body). Critically, studying gender requires analysing the human body as the site of both structural and symbolic power. This dissertation thus argues for renewed emphasis on a ‘politics of the body’, recognising that bodies are the material foundations from which gender discourses derive their naturalising power and hence ability to structure social relations. The danger of forgetting this politics of the body is that it allows for slippage between ‘gender’ and ‘women’; policy objectives cannot be disentangled from the reality of physical bodies and their social construction. This thesis therefore argues that there are distinct and even inverse impacts of gender policies in Indonesia. As the ‘liberal’ and ‘modern’ assumptions of gender equality are overlaid onto the patriarchal culture of a society undergoing transformation, women’s bodies and women’s sexuality are always and ever the focus of the social gaze. The gender policies and interventions affecting change on discursive and institutional levels may thus provoke reaction at the level of individual identities that are contrary to explicit intentions. In effect, projects that purport to work on ‘gender’ are often so deeply rooted in underlying gender normativity that their net effect is to reinscribe these gender hierarchies. By exposing the contradictions in these underlying paradigms we gain insight into the politics of a transforming society. Furthermore, engaging with the politics of the body allows us to analyse the spiral processes between discourse and practice, the question of power, and the way men and women embody social structures and experience social transformation.
4
Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of women promoting international human rights norms through prevention, protection, and prosecution (Three "P"s) in Armenia." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180096688.
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Wahyuningrum, Barry Coeli. "The politics of trafficking in Indonesia : gender, national rhetorics and power /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd411/4937976.pdf.
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Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.
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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.
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Oyebanji, Kemi Fisayo. "Human trafficking across a border in Nigeria: Experiences of young women who have survived trafficking." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5939.
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Magister Artium - MA (Women and Gender Studies)Human trafficking is a global issue that most countries have battled to control and combat in recent times. It is exploitative, abusive and violates human rights. Research showing the prevalence of human trafficking in mostly underdeveloped and developing countries with slack border controls and ineffective immigration activities seem to foreground women as victims in most cases. Although men, women and children are all prone to trafficking, young women and girls are more vulnerable due to political, economic and social factors. This study focuses on the experiences of young women who survived trafficking. Working within a qualitat ive feminist framework, this study explores the lived experiences of trafficked young women across a border in Nigeria. Five participants aged twenty to twenty-five were selected through convenience and snowballing sampling. Narrative thematic analysis was used as a methodology for data analysis. Findings from this study clearly show multiple factors which contribute to young women's vulnerability to trafficking. Some of the factors included family instability, feminization of poverty and gender inequality, which saw male children preferred over their female counterparts. Low levels of education and lack of care and support from the family further emerged as a source of vulnerability to trafficking for young women due to their low level of education. Gender and sexuality played a role in the reason for trafficking in this case, because all of the survivors were trafficked for the purpose of commercial sex work.
8
Betz, Diana L. "Human trafficking in Southeast Asia causes and policy implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FBetz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in in National Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Malley, Michael. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Human trafficking, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, sex tourism, poverty, globalization, women's rights, education levels, uneven regional economic development, labor trafficking, corruption. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92). Also available in print.
9
Aradau, Claudia. "Politics out of security : rethinking trafficking in women." Thesis, n.p, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Samnang, Eng Nartruedee Denndoung. "Patriarchal capitalism and the experience of Cambodian women become victims of sexual trafficking /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938050.pdf.
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Gonzalez, Nicole M. "Moving to restoration: How can service providers better help women in the “sex industry”?" Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35412.
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Master of ScienceFamily Studies and Human Services
Sandra M. Stith
The purpose of this thesis is to learn from human trafficking survivors about how service providers can better help female victims of human trafficking. The paper is guided by two theories, i.e., Attention Restoration Theory (Hartig, Evans, Jamner, Davis, & Galing, 2003) and The Holistic Process Theory of Healing (Ventegodt, Andersen, & Merrick, 2003). In this paper, I refer to the participants in my research as survivors and individuals who have been or currently are victims of human trafficking as victims. To utilize the common language used by the participants of this study, sex trafficking will be referred to as the “sex industry”. The purpose of the study was to gain the perspectives of women in the process of exiting from the sex industry to answer the overarching questions of how service providers can better help women who are on the path to restoration and recovery, as well as to help service providers better identify female victims and their needs. A combined approach of Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis and Gilligan, Spencer, Weinberg and Bertsch’s (n.d.) Listening Guide was used to analyze the transcribed interviews for a better understanding of the narratives of the participants and the themes that emerged from their narratives.
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Aluko-Daniels, O. F. "Locating the place of consent in the movement of Nigerian women for prostitution in Italy." Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/f7dfe176-37b0-4f80-b1c0-d6c5e8f07edf/1.
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The history of international human trafficking law suggests that the trafficking of women for prostitution is a not a new phenomenon. The earliest approach to address the problem was founded on a moral ground but adopted a law enforcement strategy by criminalising the procurement of women for prostitution. Consequently consent at the time was discountenanced in favour of the end purpose for which the women were moved. This approach prevailed over a long period until the adoption of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Trafficking Protocol) in 2000. The Trafficking Protocol adopts a three thronged (prevention, protection and prosecution) approach to combating human trafficking. Whilst this is a novel approach the Trafficking Protocol makes consent irrelevant only when the movement of the women is procured through coercion. Accordingly consent or lack of consent became an essential element for distinguishing trafficking from other migratory crimes such as human smuggling. The challenge of applying consent as criterion to differentiate human trafficking from human smuggling particularly becomes problematical when applied to the movement of women for prostitution. This is especially so in the light of feminists’ debate on whether prostitution should be conceptualised as sex work or as violence against women. To establish consent or lack of consent in the context of the Trafficking Protocol is complicated, inexhaustive framing of the consent nullifying elements ignores country specific and cultural practices in recruitment of women for prostitution. This thesis demonstrates the complexity of using consent as a criterion to determine whether Nigerian women moved into Italy are trafficked or voluntary agents. In doing so the thesis highlights the extent to which the interpretation of consent may be influenced by social, cultural and socio-legal issues. This thesis accentuate juju oath ritual and debt bondage as frequently employed to recruit and move Nigerian women into prostitution as consent nullifying elements.
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Beyene, Selam Gebretsion. "Investigation and prosecution of transnational women trafficking: the case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1868_1365755643.
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Human trafficking is a widespread and growing crime in the world. Trafficking by its nature involves movement from one place to another and in most cases, it comprises crossing international borders. Although the estimation of victims of trafficking stretches to 2 450 000, the number of prosecutions is less than 5 000. This indicates the challenges faced by many countries in the investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases. Transnational human trafficking is committed in different places, making investigation and prosecution very complex. This paper examines how investigation and prosecution can be carried out when the criminal acts are committed in different countries. It also examines how the issue of jurisdiction is entertained. Furthermore, it addresses who can be termed as &ldquo
traffickers&rdquo
in dealing with human trafficking issues. Ethiopia is facing a big problem in fighting human trafficking. Like most countries, the issue of human trafficking is closely related to women. Ethiopia uses the criminal justice system as a tool to eradicate women trafficking. The investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases face many problems which have a direct impact on the countryâs efforts to overcome human trafficking. Thus, this research will contribute significantly by highlighting deficits in the criminal justice system as it deals with the investigation and prosecution of women trafficking issues and by making recommendations with regards to them.
14
Michel, Erin Kelley. "Law Enforcement Response to Human Trafficking in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281107195.
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Askola, Heli. "Legal responses to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the European Union /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/519840240.pdf.
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Shapkina, Nadezda. "Operation Help counteracting sex trafficking of women from Russia and Ukraine /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07112008-111322/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Denise Donnelly, Dawn Baunach, committee members. Electronic text (218 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 23, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-206).
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Arcenas, Maria Teresa L. Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Human rights protection beyond state borders : a study of national laws on anti-trafficking in women in the Philippines and in Malaysia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4637983.pdf.
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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.
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White, Robyn L. "Invisible Women: Examining the Political, Economic, Cultural, and Social Factors that lead to Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery of Young Girls and Women." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1708.
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This thesis employs the most recent and best available data on human trafficking, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Trafficking in Persons Global Report 2006, as well as nine independent variables to determine what their effects are on countries’ volumes of human trafficking outflows. By completing a cross-sectional analysis via an OLS regression, I found statistically significant support for three factors that I hypothesize lead to greater outflows of human trafficking. My findings suggest that countries that are less corrupt, have more seats in parliament held by women, and score higher on Cho, Dreher, and Neumayer’s Anti-Trafficking Policy Index are less likely to experience high outflows of human trafficking. Additionally, while they narrowly avoid statistical significance, this study also suggests that states that have a legal stance on prostitution and have fewer women employed in the non-agricultural sector experience less human trafficking outflows.
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Carr, Zachary Vachudová Milada Anna. "Trafficked women, the garbage can, and frustrated policy EU failure to combat human trafficking /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2755.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, concentration in Trans-Atlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Högfors, Frida. "Human Trafficking : International Law and the Regulation of Sexual Exploitationof Women on the Internet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86526.
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Fekadu, Mikal. "Vulnerable and Marginalized Women and Young Girls: The development of Human Trafficking in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22582.
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In this thesis, the author explores the main factors that may have contributed to the development of human trafficking in terms of sexual exploitation in Sweden. The aim is to identify the background of the main women and young girls exposed to human trafficking and to identify the factors that could potentially decrease the development of human trafficking. The theoretical underpinnings, which incorporated the push and pull model, the postcolonial feminist theory and the routine activity theory, as well as the information provided by the seven semi-structured interviews, provided a necessary framework to analyze and discuss the findings. The knowledgeable and experienced informants of this qualitative thesis consist of relevant authorities and organizations in the field of human trafficking. The findings of this thesis suggested that human trafficking in women and your girls for sexual exploitation is driven by poverty, the experience of war, lack of opportunities, the trafficker’s greed for profit and the demand for prostitution from countries such as Sweden. The findings moreover presented that the women and young girls that generally are exposed to human trafficking in terms of sexual exploitation, usually originate from third world countries and through circular migration within Europe. The results of this thesis furthermore presented various aspects and areas of improvement that are needed for relevant actors, in order for them to jointly work towards their common goal; to combat human trafficking cases in Sweden.
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Constantinou, Angelo. "EU Acquis, international law, and local implementation : trafficking in women and the sex trade in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6458.
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Despite its long pre-existence, the issue of human trafficking (especially for sexual purposes) has become the epicentre of attention since the closing of the past century. The globe-wide attempt of politicians, academics, practitioners, technocrats, activists, and journalists to define, advocate, measure, and ‘control’ people trafficking has brought to the fore particular (re)actions. One such example is the EU and international law that aim to facilitate the legal framework within which national administrations should embark upon to ‘better deal’ with human trafficking. While EU and international law can only go so far as to lay the theoretical basis that signatory states must follow for dealing with human trafficking, ultimately, planning and implementing public policy become the prerogative of the individual state. In light of this, the central contribution of this study is the exploration of the application of EU and international law in concern with human trafficking within the Cypriot context. In other words, how EU and international law on human trafficking are applied in day-to-day interactions between state employees, civil groups, and trafficked women. For this purpose, the study examines the interpretation and application of the local legislation by the criminal justice agencies as well as the local NGOs. Notably, such undertakings are informed by past and present geopolitical and socio-economic developments that have been taking place since the British colonisation of Cyprus. Research findings (based on ethnographic fieldwork and documentary study), demonstrate that EU’s attempt to enforce legislative cohesion, common policies, and harmonised practices over the issue of human trafficking across its Member States is yet to materialise. The case of Cyprus, and at times of other EU States, are used as a paradigm in which both, the EU acquis and international law fail to impose legal prescriptions on national authorities. To illustrate, the dimensions of prevention, detection, identification, prosecution, and adjudication of human trafficking, as well as trafficking victims’ protection, rehabilitation, and repatriation are explored in piecemeal and they all testify of systemic deviations from EU and international guidelines. Both Cypriot public services and local NGOs assigned to handle human trafficking are not in a position to bear the standards laid out by the EU and the CoE. Consequently, victims of trafficking are often predisposed to adverse conditions and as a result, they are often undertreated. Moreover, it is often the case that law on paper—both EU and Cypriot— and law in practice are diametrically different.
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Karakus, Onder. "A quantitative analysis of the growing business of organized crime structural predictors of cross-national distribution of human trafficking markets and trafficking in women in Turkey /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Chong, Miyoung. "A Cross-cultural Textual Analysis of Western and South Korean Newspaper Coverage of North Korean Women Defectors and Victims of Human Trafficking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500051/.
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Trafficking women for sexual abuse has been a serious concern worldwide, particularly over the last two decades. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that illicit profits of human trafficking may be as high as $32 billion. However, the international media community has scarcely focused on North Korean women defectors and victims of human trafficking, despite the severity of the issue. More than two million North Koreans, predominantly women, have crossed borders to enter China from starvation. Among those women migrants, about 80% to 90% of them were abducted by traffickers at the border between North Korea and China, and the traffickers sold them to the Chinese sex industry or Chinese men who are unable to find a woman as a wife or a sex slave.This cross-cultural textual analysis examined South Korean and Western (U.S. and British) newspaper coverage of North Korean women as victims of human trafficking to discover similarities and differences in those countries’ news frames. The analysis has shown that politics was a crucial factor in the coverage of the issue. However, by generally failing to report on the fundamental causes of the trafficking, such as inequality between genders, both Western and South Korean newspapers perpetuated hegemonic masculinity and failed to inform and educate people about the grave situations of North Korean women defectors and victims of human trafficking. This study recommends that in reporting the trafficking issues, journalists must be able to observe objectively, not within ideologies or frames provided by politicians.
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Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of Women. Promoting International Human Rights Norms Through Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution (Three “P’s”) in Armenia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180096688.
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Chitupila, Vanessa Chongo. "Gold between their legs? Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation : an analysis of the SADC response at national and regional level." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12502.
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The objectives of this study are as follows:
a) To examine the history of human trafficking and the various international legal instruments adopted to address it.
b) To examine the trafficking of women and girls for sexual purposes and sexual
exploitation as well as to examine the various human rights (of female victims) violated during and after the process of human trafficking.
c) To examine the context of trafficking within Mozambique, Zambia and South Africa
and explore how these three countries are addressing human trafficking through
legislation.
d) To examine Europe’s measures against trafficking and whether there are lessons for
the SADC region.Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Christopher Mbazira, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
28
Cinar, Yildiz Sermin. "International Organizations And Human Rights: The Case Of International Organization For Migration (iom) As Part Of Counter Trafficking Efforts In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610289/index.pdf.
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Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countriestherefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo
rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.
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Boulton, Lauren. "Free Women: Fairytales From A Lumbertown Brothel." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1436914200.
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Chilaka, Carol C. "Exploring Restorative Factors for Trafficked and Sexually Exploited Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5993.
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Abstract
Many women who survived sex trafficking continue to suffer from severe and persistent psychological distress even after the traditional treatment and rehabilitation program. The lingering psychological symptoms that these survivors suffer make reintegration into their families and communities difficult. This phenomenological study identified the restorative factors that helped some women who were earlier engaged in sex trafficking to recover, readjust, and reintegrate into their families and communities. Six female survivors of human trafficking and six program directors/counselors at different rehabilitation centers were individually interviewed in in-depth with semi-structured questionnaires and audio recorded. I kept diary of my readings and observation of the participants during the interviews to maintain the rigor and established trustworthiness of the study. With NVivo 11 plus Software, the information were coded to identify the different patterns. The Manen's hermeneutic descriptive phenomenological interpretative approach was employed to sort out the emerging themes. The findings were grouped under the perspectives of survivors and program directors/counselors. Both survivors and program directors/counselors agreed that factors such as supports from family/friends, medical treatments, counseling, and individual characteristics promoted recovery. The theories of social support, self-efficacy, and resilience guided the understanding of the recovery process of the survivors. For positive social change, this study provides information that families, communities, and society can become more aware of the ways to improve survivors' support systems and build a sustainable community that cares and supports survivors for a successful integration into families and communities.
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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.
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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.
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Vuorijärvi, April. "The Dark Side of Economic Sanctions: Unveiling the Plight of Women from Myanmar/Burma - A Minor Field Study in Myanmar and Thailand." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23157.
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An investigative research unraveling the implication of economic sanctions on Burmese women. This research was inspired by allegations in 2003 that thousands of women in Burma/Myanmar lost their jobs in the garment industry, thus exposing women to vulnerable aspects of forced migration and trafficking. A short case study of Iraq, Haiti, and Cuba is additionally provided while the history of economic sanctions and boycotts is heavily scrutinized. Perspectives of humanitarian law, human rights law, and feminist theory frame the basis of the research of which provide another critical dimension into the ongoing debate on economic sanctions.
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Peixoto, Maria Angélica. "Tráfico internacional de mulheres: violência e representações cotidianas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6348.
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Human trafficking appears contemporaneously with one of the most serious social problems of international scope. Human trafficking is inseparable from violence and therefore the analysis of this social phenomenon becomes even more important as society lives in a contradictory moment in which advances coexist with setbacks, as well as the increase of violence with increasing awareness of the same . It is in this context that there is a growth of trafficking in persons and that it reaches certain sectors of the population, especially women, our research focus. Our theme is the everyday representations of women victims of trafficking in persons, understanding by this transfer of people through illegal or deceptive means, whose purpose is the exploitation, especially sexual. To accomplish this task, we use the dialectical method as a methodological framework and the theory of everyday representations, derived from historical materialism as the main theoretical reference. The dialectical method was present in all the way, allowing a totalizing vision of the process (which referred to the study of contemporary capitalism, explanation of the relationship between society and violence, everyday representations and society) and interviews. Historical materialism was the analytical basis of daily representations and contemporary. The theory of consciousness developed by Marx, part of historical materialism, was the basis for the discussion of everyday representations and its consequences. The theory of everyday representations possible to analyze in more depth the production and reproduction of the discourse of the victims interviewed in a totalizing and comprehensive approach. Similarly, the main research technique used, the interpretive interview, developed within the theory of everyday representations enables a wider of the interviewees perception, not judging their claims through isolated lines stretches but a rich totality that seeks to rescue personal information, biographical, cultural, beyond the representational and semiconscious, forming a whole that allows a totalizing approach. The overall aim of the thesis aimed to find out what everyday representations of violence related to trafficking of women who were victims of the same. With this goal in mind, I conducted interviews and the analysis of the same, based on the theoretical framework defined above, and thus we come to our results. As research with everyday representations not demand a large number of interviews, as in all qualitative research, this number was sufficient. The use of interpretive interview, which brings a greater amount of issues and more general aspects of the interviewed life makes this even more true. Through an in-depth analysis of the five interviews, I realized that everyday representations of the interviewees point to the perception that trafficking is a form of violence, as well as the provision of sexual services abroad is seen as violence by the majority. Thus, everyday representations of the interviewees show a perception that violence permeates the relationship in international traffic and also - except two interviewees who in this regard showed contradictions - the provision of sexual services. The research, therefore, could meet its objectives and deliver a presentation of everyday representations of violence of women victims of international trafficking.
O tráfico de pessoas aparece, contemporaneamente, como um dos mais graves problemas sociais de âmbito internacional. Ele é inseparável da violência e, por isso, a análise desse fenômeno social é muito importante, pois a sociedade vive em um momento contraditório no qual avanços convivem com retrocessos, em que há o aumento da violência e da percepção de sua existência. Há um crescimento do tráfico de pessoas e esse fenômeno atinge certos setores da população, especialmente as mulheres, foco da presente pesquisa. O tema desenvolvido aqui é as representações cotidianas das mulheres que vivenciaram situação de tráfico, entendido como a transferência de pessoas através de meio ilícito ou enganoso, cujo objetivo é a exploração, principalmente a sexual. Para efetivar essa empreitada, foi utilizado o método dialético enquanto arcabouço metodológico e a teoria das representações cotidianas, derivada do materialismo histórico, como principal referência teórica. O método dialético permitiu uma visão totalizante do processo - o que remeteu ao estudo do capitalismo contemporâneo, à explicitação da relação entre sociedade e violência, às representações cotidianas da sociedade -, bem como das entrevistas realizadas. O materialismo histórico é o/a solo/base analítica das representações cotidianas e da contemporaneidade. A teoria da consciência, desenvolvida por Marx e parte do materialismo histórico, foi tomada como base para a discussão sobre as representações cotidianas e seus desdobramentos. Ela permitiu analisar de maneira profunda a produção e a reprodução dos discursos das vítimas entrevistadas, numa abordagem totalizante e abrangente. Da mesma forma, a principal técnica de pesquisa utilizada, a entrevista interpretativa, desenvolvida no interior da teoria das representações cotidianas, possibilitou uma percepção mais ampla das entrevistadas, de modo a não julgar suas afirmações através de trechos de falas isoladas e, sim, numa rica totalidade que buscou resgatar informações pessoais, biográficas, culturais, além das representacionais e semiconscientes, formando um todo que permitiu uma abordagem totalizante. O objetivo geral da tese teve como foco descobrir quais as representações cotidianas da violência relacionada ao tráfico internacional das mulheres que vivenciaram essa situação e também como elas percebem o tráfico e se o consideram como algo violento. Foram realizadas e analisadas cinco entrevistas a partir do referencial teóricometodológico acima delimitado. Como resultado, obteve-se que as representações cotidianas das entrevistadas apontam para a percepção de que o tráfico é uma forma de violência, assim como a prestação de serviços sexuais no exterior é vista como violência pela maioria. Desse modo, as representações cotidianas das entrevistadas mostram uma percepção de que a violência perpassa as relações existentes no tráfico internacional e a prestação de serviços sexuais – excetuando duas entrevistadas que nesse quesito demonstraram contradições. A pesquisa, portanto, conseguiu cumprir com seus objetivos e oferecer uma apresentação das representações cotidianas da violência das mulheres que vivenciaram situação de tráfico internacional.
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Moraes, Renata Gerlack Delojo [UNESP]. "Trabalho com redução à condição análoga à de escravos e ofensa à dignidade da pessoa humana: tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial, no Brasil (2002-2008)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106286.
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moraes_rgd_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1099551 bytes, checksum: 38f667bb59715769295b5bfa7e1eb908 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual comercial, no caso mulheres, como uma forma moderna de escravidão e de violação aos direitos humanos. A maioria das vítimas são aliciadas para a exploração sexual ou mão-de-obra escrava, roubadas de sua dignidade e liberdade. O tráfico de pessoas é uma violação de direitos humanos e um problema ligado à globalização e à desigualdade social, bem como a questões de gênero, raça e etnia. O fluxo intensificado de pessoas, capital e informação geram grandes oportunidades no desenvolvimento internacional, mas também criam riscos e abrem espaços para este tipo criminal organizado transnacional. Os criminosos lucram ao mesmo tempo em que atendem à demanda dos consumidores. Hoje é mais fácil traficar uma pessoa que no século passado, ou há duzentos anos. O tráfico de seres humanos é caracterizado pelo uso de força, coerção, fraude ou abuso de poder. A questão do tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial deverá ser enfrentada através do paradigma de direitos humanos, face a gravidade das violações empregadas neste tipo de crime. Temos a responsabilidade de, em nome da dignidade da pessoa humana, erradicar esse fenômeno criminoso que afeta especialmente as mais desfavorecidas, que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade em razão da pobreza, desigualdade de gênero e de raça e do desenvolvimento assimétrico entre os países e entre as diferentes regiões dentro do mesmo território. O tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial é uma forma ignóbil de exploração humana, que precisa ser enfrentada de forma organizada nacional e transnacionalmente.
The purpose of this research was to study the trafficking of people with the aim of commercial sexual exploration, in the event of women, as a modern form of slavery and human rights violation. Most of the victims are incited to sexual exploration or slavery labour, taken from their dignity and liberty. The trafficking of people is a violation of human rights and a problem associated with globalization and the social unevenness, as well as the specific issues, race and class. The intensified number of people, fund and information, generates great opportunities in international development but also brings risks and gives chances for this transnational organized crime. At the same time, the criminals make profit while they supply the consumers demand. It is easier to traffick a person nowadays than trafficking a person in the last century, or two hundred years ago. Human trafficking is characterized by the use of power, coercion, fraud or the abuse of power. The problem of the trafficking in women with the intention of commercial sexual exploration should be faced through the human rights paradigm, in contrast with the gravity of the violation exerted on this type of crime. We have the responsibility of, in the name of human dignity, eradicate this criminal phenomenon that affects mainly the most disfavored people, which find themselves in vunerable conditions due to poverty, race and class unevenness and the asymmetric development among countries and different regions within the same territory. The trafficking of women with the aim of commercial sexual exploration is an ignoble way of human exploration, which needs to be faced as a transnational organized condition.
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Hill, Lorna. "Bloody women : a critical-creative examination of how female protagonists have transformed contemporary Scottish and Nordic crime fiction." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27352.
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This study will explore the role of female authors and their female protagonists in contemporary Scottish and Nordic crime fiction. Authors including Val McDermid, Denise Mina, Lin Anderson and Liza Marklund are just a few of the women who have challenged the expectation of gender in the crime fiction genre. By setting their novels in contemporary society, they reflect a range of social and political issues through the lens of a female protagonist. By closely examining the female characters, all journalists, in Val McDermid’s Lindsay Gordon series; Denise Mina’s Paddy Meehan series; Anna Smith’s books about Rosie Gilmour; and Liza Marklund’s books about Annika Bengzton, I explore the issue of gender through these writers’ perspectives and also draw parallels between their societies. I document the influence of these writers on my own practice-based research, a novel, The Invisible Chains, set in post-Referendum Scotland. The thesis will examine and define the role of the female protagonist, offer a feminist reading of contemporary crime fiction, and investigate how the rise of human trafficking, the problem of domestic abuse in Scotland and society’s changing attitudes and values are reflected in contemporary crime novels, before discussing the narrative structures and techniques employed in the writing of The Invisible Chains. This novel allows us to consider the role of women in a contemporary and progressive society where women hold many senior positions in public life and examine whether they manage successfully to challenge traditional patriarchal hierarchies. The narrative is split between journalist Megan Ross, The Girl, a victim of human trafficking, and Trudy, who is being domestically abused, thus pulling together the themes of the critical genesis in the creative work. By focusing on the protagonist, the victims and raising awareness of human trafficking and domestic abuse, The Invisible Chains, an original creative work, reflects a contemporary society’s changing attitudes, problems and values.
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AKHSANI, MUHAMMAD FIRMAN, and 艾費曼. "International Legal Protection For Women As Object of Human Trafficking in Indonesia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5ph64w.
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碩士中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
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Trafficking in Persons (TIP), or human trafficking, is a widespread form of modern-day slavery. Traffickers often prey on individuals who are poor, frequently unemployed, and who may lack access to social safety nets. Victims are often lured by traffickers with false promises of good jobs and better lives, and then forced to work under brutal and inhumane conditions. Due to the lengths to which perpetrators go to keep their crimes hidden, it is difficult to accurately estimate the extent of victimization. Human Trafficking is a violation of human rights. Nonetheless, the Republic Indonesia has participate the world in the fight against this terrible crime both at home and overseas. Trafficking in Persons Report by U.S State Department on June 5th , 2010 said Indonesia was entered in to the Tier-2. Countries that are on Tier-2 are the countries whose government do not fully comply with Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s (TVPA’s) minimum standards, but are making significance efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards. This thesis is to find about some important points, those are: the portrayal of women as victims of human trafficking; to describe trafficking patterns to include of recruitment, transportation, deception, coercion and exploitation; to describe phenomenon of human trafficking by International Law, especially International Conventions against Human Trafficking. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the collection and analysis of information on trafficking of women to strengthen the institutional capacity in the countries to better combat trafficking in persons. Hopefully with this writing can provide suggestions for the purpose of assisting governments and NGOs to strengthen national and international cooperation and approaches to trafficking in human beings.
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Jani, Nairruti. "Exploring vulnerability and consent to trafficking related migration A study of South Asian bar dancers /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/2015.
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Pujonggo, Seno Setyo. "THE RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA STRATEGY AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING: ANALYSIS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSON REPORT FROM 2001 TO 2018." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kqdh7s.
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碩士中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
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ABSTRACT Pujonggo, Seno Setyo,. The Research On Development Of Indonesia Strategy Against Human Trafficking: Analysis Of Trafficking In Person Report From 2001 To 2018, April, 2019, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. This study in general, talking about human trafficking as part of a form of transnational crime that has spread in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Indonesia. Human trafficking has become a major international issue, which makes the United States of America government make an annual report on the elimination of human trafficking crimes and conduct assessments of countries in the world by giving Tier 1 (the highest) and Tier 3 (the lowest) ranks with the consequences of giving assistance or imposition of sanctions. Because of this, the author conducted a study of the position of Indonesia at the Tier in the Report from 2001 to 2018 to find out the causes and strategies by carrying out the United States Trafficking In Person Report document study analysis and dividing the details of the study into 3P (Prosecution, Prevention, and Protection). It is known that Indonesia has occupied all ranks in a fluctuating manner (TIP Report 2001-2007) and in the past eleven years (TIP Report 2007-2018) has occupied the same Tier because its very poor at presenting law enforcement data and lack of transparency in dealing with government officials or law enforces individuals involved in trafficking. Besides, the problem of a lack of understanding of human trafficking among law enforcement officers and also the society and also with funding which is far from enough. KEY WORDS: Transnational Organize Crime, Human Trafficking, Trafficking In Person Report, Indonesia, Government Strategy.
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Jahic, Galma. "Analysis of economic and social factors associated with trafficking in women thinking globally, researching locally /." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10002600001.ETD.000051298.
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Reda, Asefach Haileselassie. "An investigation into the expriences [sic] of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6043.
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The purpose of this study is to tell the story of female victims of human trafficking from Ethiopia. It pertains to the cause of trafficking and how it affects their social and emotional wellbeing. The study is conducted in light of constructivist framework and involves in-depth interviews with five returnees whose experiences as victims are explored. This is done to get insight into the challenges faced by the wider population. Themes evident in the stories are discussed in line with relevant literature. The study shows lack of job opportunities, limited income and false promises made by brokers as the major factors drawing women into human trafficking. The findings also show that even after return, the victims experience further difficulties due to post-traumatic psychological factors. Looking at the significance of the research outcome, the gleaned information could be of value for organizations working on migration and countering human trafficking.Investigation into the experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Gorman, Hilary. "Experiences of sexual and reproductive health among poor young women street sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1272.
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This thesis examines the lives and experiences of poor young women street sex workers in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. This thesis focuses on sexual and reproductive health
knowledge and practices; conditions of work; and experiences of discrimination,
marginalization, and agency. Qualitative research methods, including participant
observation techniques and multiple in-depth interviews, were used to gain a detailed
understanding of these women’s lives. Results of this research indicate that these young
women are severely marginalized through poverty, state ideologies, and public
moralities. Their marginalized status leads them to experience poor health outcomes,
physical violence, sexual violence, and police harassment. The concept of structural
violence is used to describe how poverty and marginalization impact these young
women’s health, everyday-lives, and life chances.
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Majerčíková, Gabriela. "Mezinárodní a evropská úprava zákazu obchodu se ženami a dětmi." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330120.
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The aim of the thesis is to conduct an analysis of international law in relation to trafficking in women and children, from the perspective of various sources of law as well as various approaches used to deal with the issue. The question of the existence of a rule on the level of international customary law consisting in the prohibition of trafficking in women and children is especially significant. The problem of trafficking in women and children is a multi- dimensional issue encompassing more subsystems of international law, which gives rise to a question of the relation of the respective subsystems. The human rights law and criminal law approach complement each other in international legal instruments which deal with trafficking in women and children when their deficiencies are compensated for by the strengths of the other subsystem. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part presents the introduction into the problem of trafficking in women and children. This part explains the relation between the analysed problem and related phenomenon, clarifies key words used in the thesis, defines actors engaged in the process of trafficking in women and children and finally deals with factors which exercise influence on the enormous rise of trafficking in women and children in the present-day...
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Freitas, Ana Cláudia Cardoso de. "MIGRAÇÃO FEMININA EM CONTEXTOS PÓSCOLONIAIS GLOBALIZADOS: TEIAS ENTRELAÇADAS ENTRE AFETOS E AGÊNCIA NA ROTA BRASIL-SURINAME-HOLANDA." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95436.
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Tese de doutoramento em Pós-colonialismos e Cidadania Global, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra.O presente estudo tem por objeto a migração feminina brasileira no eixo BrasilSuriname-Holanda. Não sendo possível responder a todas as questões que me inquietam acerca desta temática, o meu trabalho visou contribuir, no entanto, para colmatar algumas lacunas que percebo neste campo de investigação, tais como: a necessidade de estudos sobre migrações que contemplem de forma mais evidente as questões de género; a necessidade de estudos interseccionais que tenham em consideração, nas suas descrições e inferências analíticas, fatores socioeconómicos e questões de cidadania sexual, entre outras; a necessidade de estudos objetivos e politicamente empenhados, em que as mulheres não sejam concebidas apenas como vítimas e em que as possibilidades de agência, reconhecimento e resistência sejam problematizadas (Agustin, 2002). Partindo do arcabouço teórico de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, mais precisamente a Sociologia das Ausências e a das Emergências (2006), do Pensamento Abissal (2009) e do que o autor denomina Globalizações (2001), procurei, com esse estudo, investigar a ligação entre os fenómenos da migração e do tráfico de mulheres brasileiras para fins de exploração sexual sob a ótica da globalização. Mais precisamente, analiso a imigração de mulheres provenientes do Norte do Brasil para a Holanda que eventualmente caíram em redes de Tráfico Humano. O estudo tem um caráter transdisciplinar, reflexo do programa doutoral no qual estou inserida, privilegiando uma visão holística e complexa da realidade. A parte empírica do trabalho foi realizada no Brasil, Bélgica e Holanda, na qual foi utilizada a entrevista em profundidade e a escuta sensível como método de recolha de dados e posteriormente uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo para a análise de dados, mais precisamente a Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Para a composição desse estudo foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres brasileiras imigrantes na Holanda, Bélgica e Brasil, bem como com os demais atores envolvidos no processo: técnicos de instituições que desenvolvem trabalhos de amparo e garantia de direitos dessas mulheres, e eventualmente com ativistas de direitos humanos tanto no país de origem (Brasil), quanto nos países de destino (Holanda e Bélgica). xii A escolha dos referidos países justifica-se pelo fato de se encontrarem numa rota internacional do tráfico de pessoas previamente identificada, ainda que não estudada em profundidade (Leal & Leal, 2003; Hazeu et al., 2008). Um outro objetivo deste estudo foi dar voz às mulheres migrantes brasileiras num quadro em que, como salienta Boaventura de Sousa Santos et al., “as vozes são apenas representativas pela sua exemplaridade, pelo caráter único do envolvimento dos seus titulares nas lutas sociais, pela intensidade das narrativas e histórias de vida que nos transmitem com insuperável transparência” (2008a, p. 11).
This study addresses Brazilian women migration in the route Brazil-Suriname-The Netherlands. Once it is not possible to answer all the issues that disturb me within this subject, my thesis aims to contribute to fill some gaps that I identify in this field of research, such as: the need of studies on migration which encompass gender issues; the need of intersectional studies which take into account, in their analytical inferences, socioeconomic and sexual citizenship issues, among others; the need of objective and politically engaged studies, in which women are not framed as only victims and in which agency and resistance possibilities are at stake (Agustin, 2001). With this research project I studied the connection link between the phenomenon of migration and the trafficking of Brazilian women for purposes of sexual exploitation from the perspective of globalization. Specifically, this study analyzes the immigration of women from the North of Brazil to the Netherlands who eventually fell into Human Trafficking networks. The theoretical framework is composed by Boaventura Sousa Santos works, more precisely “Sociologia das Ausências e a das Emergências” (2006); “Pensamento Abissal” (2009); and what the author names “Globalizações” (2001). This is an interdisciplinary study as the PhD programme where it is developed. Therefore, it is privileged a holistic and complex view of reality. The empiric study was developed in Brazil, in Belgium, and in the Netherlands through semi-structured interviews with migrant Brazilian women and with another actors involved in the process of migration, namely technicians from institutions that carry out protection and rights for such women and, eventually, human rights activists both in the country of origin (Brazil) and in the countries of destination (the Netherlands and Belgium). These interviews were later processed in a qualitative thematic content analysis. Data gathering in such countries is justified by the fact that they are placed on an international route of trafficking of persons previously identified, although not studied in depth (Leal & Leal, 2003; Hazeu et al., 2008). Another objective was to give voice to immigrant Brazilian women in a context in which, as Boaventura Sousa Santos says, “the voices are only representative by their exemplarity, for the unique character of their holders’ involvement in social struggles, for the intensity of the narratives and life stories that they transmit to us with inescapable transparency” (2008a, p. 11). xiv
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Santos, Aracelli de Freitas. "As políticas públicas portuguesas e brasileiras na prevenção e combate ao tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual: o caso português." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21825.
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O problema do Tráfico de Pessoas, especificamente do tráfico de mulheres entre Brasil e Portugal (inserido no espaço da União Europeia), não é um fenómeno novo,
mas é perceptível que nas últimas décadas se têm aperfeiçoado estratégias e políticas, como mudanças nos Planos Nacionais contra o Tráfico de Pessoas, no Brasil e em
Portugal.
O tema é de bastante relevância e atualidade e insere-se numa das temáticas no
âmbito da Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, pois tem influência no campo diplomático entre Brasil e Portugal.
Esta pesquisa tem como objectivo central avaliar as mudanças responsáveis por
moldar as políticas de prevenção e combate ao tráfico de pessoas no Brasil e em
Portugal, especificamente de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual, de forma a responder à seguinte pergunta de partida: “Diante da actual conjuntura em termos de tráfico de pessoas, houve mudanças no contexto Português no respeitante à assistência à
mulher estrangeira (nomeadamente brasileira), vítima deste crime?”
Tem-se intensificado a prevenção e a luta na última década, devido ao grande investimento no combate contra o tráfico de pessoas. A globalização permitiu que se obtivesse uma maior mobilidade nas fronteiras e, consequentemente, uma maior facilidade das ações criminosas. Destaco das conclusões que, apesar dos avanços em Portugal, em termos da transposição de normas europeias para a legislação nacional, é
nítida a necessidade de haver mais capacitação por parte dos profissionais na área da
investigação criminal, apostando no aperfeiçoamento da cooperação internacional. Por outro lado, é perceptível uma lacuna, no que tanje a legislação brasileira, que se
apresenta “desapropriada” (quanto à tipificação do crime de tráfico de pessoas), para além de ser necessário reforçar a atuação dos tratados internacionais. Por último, destaco a necessidade de reforço no apoio e acolhimento à vítima, bem como a sua inserção na sociedade de acolhimento.The problem of Human Trafficking, the trafficking of women between Brazil and Portugal (within the European Union) specifically, is not a new phenomenon. Still, it was during the last few decades that policies and strategies to counter this problem, such as the updates in the National Strategies against Human Trafficking, have become noticeable in both countries. This is a subject of great relevance and contemporaneity, and inserts itself within the field of Political Sciences and International Relations due to its influence on the diplomacy between Brazil and Portugal. It is the aim of this research to evaluate the changes responsible for shaping human trafficking prevention and combat policies in Brazil and Portugal, especially when it comes to human trafficking of women for sexual exploration, in order to answer to the question: “Facing the current human trafficking conjuncture, were there any changes in Portugal regarding the assistance provided to foreign women (namely Brazilian women) victims of this crime?” Prevention and combat of human trafficking has intensified in the last decade due to increased investment in the field. Globalization allowed for more permeable borders and, consequently, for a facilitation of cross-border criminal activities. It should be noted that, despite the advances made in Portugal when it comes to transposition of European norms to national legislation, there is a clear need of further means by criminal investigators, namely when it comes to improving international cooperation mechanisms. On the other hand, besides needing to reinforce the enactment of international treaties there is also a gap in Brazilian legislation that appears “inappropriate” (when it comes to typifying the crime of human trafficking). Finally, it should be noted the necessity of reinforcement of victim support and refuge mechanism, as well as its insertion in the refuge society.
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Dubyak, Erin A. ""Flying the plane as we build it" : a qualitative study of an organization's goals and actions toward the prevention of exploited female youth." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29499.
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Within the U.S. there is a growing interest in the case of female adolescents being coerced into the sex industry (Bernstein, 2010; Estes & Weiner, 2001; Soderlund, 2010; Williams and Frederick, 2009). This interest, which emerged due to U.S. involvement in the international trafficking phenomena and grassroots organizing, has resulted in a movement to end commercial sexual exploitation of children (also known as "child trafficking)". Feminist activists have mobilized around this issue seeking recourse for youth who have been victims of exploitation. This thesis presents a study of a prevention/early intervention program, the "Girls Coalition," founded for adjudicated girls who are deemed "high risk" for commercial sexual exploitation. The Youth Resource Center, a non-profit organization, began the Girls Coalition in order to prevent exploitation by empowering the youth to better their lives. While not an openly identified feminist organization, the Girls Coalition does espouse feminist goals and its mission emulates feminist processes. Through qualitative methods my study explores how the staff understand their role in the lives of the youth they serve as well as the organization in which they work. Findings reveal themes centered on feminist management and organizational functioning, which includes the processes and dynamics present within the running of the organization. Results also reveal themes that include how participants enact ethics of care and empowerment of the youth whom the Girls Coalition serves.Graduation date: 2012