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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human-translated

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Academic literature on the topic 'Human-translated'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Human-translated"

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Xu, Jinrui, and Jianzhi Zhang. "Are Human Translated Pseudogenes Functional?" Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, no. 3 (2015): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv268.

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YOSHIMI, TAKEHIKO. "Quantitative Analysis of Morpholexical Difference between Human-Translated and Machine-Translated Sentences." Journal of Natural Language Processing 10, no. 5 (2003): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.10.5_55.

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YOSHIMI, TAKEHIKO. "Comparative Analysis of Familiarity Rating of Verbs in Human-Translated and Machine-Translated Sentences." Journal of Natural Language Processing 11, no. 2 (2004): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.11.2_101.

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Badarevski, Bobi, and Anastazija Kirkova. "Science, Gay Gene, Human Rights." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 1, no. 3 (2002): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v1i3.60.

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Author(s): Bobi Badarevski | Боби Бадаревски Title (English): Science, Gay Gene, Human Rights Title (Macedonian): Наука, геј ген, човекови права Translated by (Macedonian to English): Anastazija Kirkova | Анастазија Киркова Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Summer 2002) Publisher: Research Center in Gender Studies - Skopje and Euro-Balkan Institute  Page Range: 17-36 Page Count: 19 Citation (English): Bobi Badarevski, “Science, Gay Gene, Human Rights,” translated from the Macedonian by Anastasija Kirkova, Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Summer 2002): 17-36. Citation (Macedonian): Боби Бадаревски, „Наука, геј ген, човекови права“, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 1, бр. 3 (лето 2002): 17-36.

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Douka, Katerina, Isabel Birds, Dapeng Wang, et al. "Cytoplasmic long noncoding RNAs are differentially regulated and translated during human neuronal differentiation." RNA 27, no. 9 (2021): 1082–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.078782.121.

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The expression of long noncoding RNAs is highly enriched in the human nervous system. However, the function of neuronal lncRNAs in the cytoplasm and their potential translation remains poorly understood. Here we performed Poly-Ribo-Seq to understand the interaction of lncRNAs with the translation machinery and the functional consequences during neuronal differentiation of human SH-SY5Y cells. We discovered 237 cytoplasmic lncRNAs up-regulated during early neuronal differentiation, 58%–70% of which are associated with polysome translation complexes. Among these polysome-associated lncRNAs, we find 45 small ORFs to be actively translated, 17 specifically upon differentiation. Fifteen of 45 of the translated lncRNA-smORFs exhibit sequence conservation within Hominidea, suggesting they are under strong selective constraint in this clade. The profiling of publicly available data sets revealed that 8/45 of the translated lncRNAs are dynamically expressed during human brain development, and 22/45 are associated with cancers of the central nervous system. One translated lncRNA we discovered is LINC01116, which is induced upon differentiation and contains an 87 codon smORF exhibiting increased ribosome profiling signal upon differentiation. The resulting LINC01116 peptide localizes to neurites. Knockdown of LINC01116 results in a significant reduction of neurite length in differentiated cells, indicating it contributes to neuronal differentiation. Our findings indicate cytoplasmic lncRNAs interact with translation complexes, are a noncanonical source of novel peptides, and contribute to neuronal function and disease. Specifically, we demonstrate a novel functional role for LINC01116 during human neuronal differentiation.

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Todorov, João Claudio. "SCIENCE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR TRANSLATED INTO PORTUGUESE : CIÊNCIA E COMPORTAMENTO HUMANO." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 80, no. 3 (2003): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2003.80-341.

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Banfai, B., H. Jia, J. Khatun, et al. "Long noncoding RNAs are rarely translated in two human cell lines." Genome Research 22, no. 9 (2012): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.134767.111.

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Radbruch, Gustav. "Law’s Image of the Human." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 40, no. 4 (2020): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa026.

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Abstract This is a translation of ‘Der Mensch im Recht’, Gustav Radbruch's inaugural lecture at the University of Heidelberg in November 1926, translated with an Introduction by Valentin Jeutner. Radbruch addresses the way in which law's image of the human informs the operation and content of law.

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Matsuzawa, Ayumi, Jiyoung Lee, So Nakagawa, et al. "HERV-Derived Ervpb1 Is Conserved in Simiiformes, Exhibiting Expression in Hematopoietic Cell Lineages Including Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094504.

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(1) Background: The ERVPb1 gene in humans is derived from an envelope (Env) gene of a human endogenous retrovirus group, HERV-P(b). The ERVPb1 gene reportedly has a conserved open reading frame (ORF) in Old World monkeys. Although its forced expression led to cell-fusion in an ex vivo cell culture system, like other Env-derived genes such as syncytin-1 and -2, its mRNA expression is not placenta-specific, but almost ubiquitous, albeit being quite low in human tissues and organs, implying a distinct role for ERVPb1. (2) Methods: To elucidate the cell lineage(s) in which the ERVPb1 protein is translated in human development, we developed a novel, highly sensitive system for detecting HERV-derived proteins/peptides expressed in the tissue differentiation process of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (3) Results: We first determined that ERVPb1 is also conserved in New World monkeys. Then, we showed that the ERVPb1 protein is translated from a uniquely spliced ERVPb1 transcript in hematopoietic cell lineages, including a subset of macrophages, and further showed that its mRNA expression is upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary human monocytes. (4) Conclusions: ERVPb1 is unique to Simiiformes and actually translated in hematopoietic cell lineages, including a subset of macrophages.

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Zhao, Jing-Bo. "Animal models of pancreatitis: Can it be translated to human pain study?" World Journal of Gastroenterology 19, no. 42 (2013): 7222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7222.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-translated"

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Bystrova-McIntyre, Tatyana. "Cohesion in Translation: A Corpus Study of Human-translated, Machine-translated, and Non-translated Texts (Russian into English)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353451112.

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Sayaheen, Bilal N. Mr. "THE RECEPTION OF ARABIC-LANGUAGE WORKS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH AND PUBLISHED IN THE U.S. BEFORE AND AFTER SEPTEMBER 11." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461060424.

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Brauer, Gerhard Walter. "Is there an educational problem with reading Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition in English only? : an examination of how certain aspects of education in the English-speaking world tend to make it difficult to gain access to ideas in self-translated texts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31260.

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The author makes the argument that Hannah Arendt's frequently awkward use of English adversely affects the readability of her work. Based primarily on examples selected from Arendt's The Human Condition, the analysis shows how the low readability of a text prevents discourse about its message. At issue in this thesis is the fact that, although most of the philosophy texts in higher education were translated from other languages, they are usually assigned for reading without first making students aware of the impact that translation can have on coherence. The issue is relevant to this thesis because The Human Condition is the product of reverse-mental-self-translation from Arendt's inner German. English was not her mother tongue, yet she published in English without allowing her text to be subjected to other than technical editing, resulting in many incoherent passages and the relative inaccessibility of her core ideas. Because such incoherence, when authored by a prominent figure, is often naively accepted by monolingual scholars as stylistic eccentricity or semantic innovation, it is referred to, herein, as the 'translation-induced lionization of text,' or TILT. More specifically, the thesis is a semantic critique of Arendt's translation of the German gerunds Arbeiten, Herstellen, and Handeln (equivalent to the Greek words ponein, poiesis and praxis) into the English nouns 'labour,' 'work,' and 'action.' This triad is ill-conceived; they might, more usefully, have been translated as 'toiling,' 'making,' and 'acting.' In particular, by mistranslating Herstellen as 'work' instead of 'making,' Arendt makes it impossible, on the first page of the book already, for the reader to engage in the kind of debate that is so ably informed by Vita activa, the German translation of her book. As a possible solution to what he perceives to be a major educational problem, the author proposes that students be trained (and required to engage) in slow-reading, a special approach to the reading of challenging texts. In addition, the author laments the demise of respect for, and appreciation of, polyglotism, once a highly valued skill directly relevant to studying and understanding the human condition.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate

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Chraïbi, Sylvie. "La traduction vers l'arabe des textes relatifs aux droits humains : perspectives historiques du 19ème siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030094/document.

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Partant du constat de l‟extrême profusion de textes juridiques et journalistiques relatifs aux droits humains traduits en arabe, nous avons voulu retracer l‟histoire de la traduction de ce genre de textes et mettre en lumière les moments forts de son évolution, aux niveaux terminologique, phraséologique et idéologique. Cette recherche nous a fait remonter jusqu'aux productions d'intellectuels arabes modernistes du XIXème siècle. Nous avons rappelé dans le chapitre 1 les contextes à la fois historiques et discursifs qui ont vu ou fait naître le concept de droits de l'homme puis avons présenté une description détaillée des traductions de 3 textes de référence : les traductions de la Charte constitutionnelle française de 1814 par Rifâ„a Râfi„ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 (DDHC) par Farah Antûn (1874-1922) et de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme (DUDH) de 1948 par les services de traduction de l‟Onu. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons cherché à montrer que les textes traduits laissaient toujours transparaître des contradictions ou une certaine concurrence entre, d‟une part, les motivations idéologiques qui président à la rédaction des textes sources et, d‟autre part, les motivations intellectuelles de leurs traducteurs. Toujours dans cette perspective, nous avons étudié, au chapitre 3, trois traductions de textes relatifs au domaine mais de genres différents: un discours politique («A new beginning», Barack Obama), un article spécialisé (Human Rights Watch) et un extrait de rapport (Amnesty International). Nous avons mis en avant la complexité du statut des traducteurs de textes relatifs aux droits humains qui doivent, d‟une part, avoir des connaissances à la fois linguistiques, terminologiques et notionnelles, et, d‟autre part, adopter des stratégies traductives (choix lexicaux et phraséologiques) qui respectent la visée du texte source (politique, militante, informative…)<br>Assessing the extreme profusion of legal and journalistic texts dealing with human rights in Arabic, the aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of those texts‟ translation and to highlight on the most important phasis of its evolution, at terminological, phraseological and ideological levels. This research has made us go back to nineteenth century Arab modernist intellectuals‟ productions. We recalled in Chapter 1 to the both historical and discursive contexts in which the concept of human rights was born. Then, we have presented a detailed description of the translations of three representative texts: the translations of the 1814 French Constitutional Charter by Rifâ„a Râfi „ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Human being and the Citizen (DDHC) by Farah Antûn (1874-1922) and of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations translation services. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the translated texts always denote elements of contradiction or at least some contention between, on the one hand, the ideological motives at the heart of the drafting of the original texts and, on the other hand, the intellectual purposes of the translators. And in such context, Chapter 3 sticks to this point focusing this time on three translations of texts related to the same field but belonging to different genres: a political speech ("A new beginning", Barack Obama), a feature article (Human Rights Watch) and an extract from a survey(Amnesty International). We have highlighted the very complexity inherent to the status of translators of texts dealing with human rights. They, on the one hand, have to be conversant with linguistics, terminological and notional knowledge and, on the other hand, have to keep to traductive strategies (lexical and phraseological choices) in order not to misrepresent the designs of the source text (political, activist, informative ...)

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Johnson, Eleanore. "Ill at ease in our translated world ecocriticism, language, and the natural environment in the fiction of Michael Ondaatje, Amitav Ghosh, David Malouf and Wilma Stockenström." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002277.

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This thesis explores the thematic desire to establish an ecological human bond with nature in four contemporary novels: The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje, The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh, An Imaginary Life by David Malouf, and The Expedition to The Baobab Tree by Wilma Stockenström. These authors share a concern with the influence that language has on human perception, and one of the most significant ways they attempt to connect with the natural world is through somehow escaping, or transcending, what they perceive to be the divisive tendencies of language. They all suggest that human perception is not steered entirely by a disembodied mind, which constructs reality through linguistic and cultural lenses, but is equally influenced by physical circumstances and embodied experiences. They explore the potential of corporeal reciprocity and empathy as that which enables understanding across cultural barriers, and a sense of ecologically intertwined kinship with nature. They all struggle to reconcile their awareness of the potential danger of relating to nature exclusively through language, with a desire to speak for the natural world in literature. I have examined whether they succeed in doing so, or whether they contradict their thematic suspicion of language with their literary medium. I have prioritised a close ecocritical reading of the novels and loosely situated the authors’ approach to nature and language within the broad theoretical frameworks of radical ecology, structuralism and poststructuralism. I suggest that these novels are best analysed in the context of an ecocritical mediation between poststructuralist conceptions of nature as inaccessible cultural construct, and the naïve conception of unmediated, pre-reflective interaction with the natural world. I draw especially on the phenomenological theories of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose insistence that perception is always both embodied and culturally mediated truly renders culture and nature irreducible, intertwined categories. By challenging historical dualisms like mind/body and culture/nature, the selected novels suggest a more fluid and discursive understanding of the perceived conflict between language and nature, whilst problematizing the perception of language as merely a cultural artefact. Moreover, they are examples of the kind of literature that has the potential to positively influence our human conception of nature, and adapt us better to our ecological context on a planet struggling for survival.

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Testa, Ingrid. "Quality in human post-editing of machine-translated texts : error annotation and linguistic specifications for tackling register errors." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36289.

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During the last decade, machine translation has played an important role in the translation market and has become an essential tool for speeding up the translation process and for reducing the time and costs needed. Nevertheless, the quality of the results obtained is not completely satisfactory, as it is considerably variable, depending on numerous factors. Given this, it is necessary to combine MT with human intervention, by post-editing the machine-translated texts, in order to reach high-quality translations. This work aims at describing the MT process provided by Unbabel, a Portuguese start-up that combines MT with post-editing provided by online editors. The main objective of the study is to contribute to improving the quality of the translated text, by analyzing annotated translated texts, from English into Italian, to define linguistic specifications to improve the tools used at the start-up to aid human editors and annotators. The analysis of guidelines provided to the annotator to guide his/her editing process has also been developed, a task that contributed to improve the inter-annotator agreement, thus making the annotated data reliable. Accomplishing these goals allowed for the identification and the categorization of the most frequent errors in translated texts, namely errors whose resolution is bound to significantly improve the efficacy and quality of the translation. The data collected allowed us to identify register as the most frequent error category and also the one with the most impact on the quality of translations, and for these reasons this category is analyzed in more detail along the work. From the analysis of errors in this category, it was possible to define and implement a set of rules in the Smartcheck, a tool used at Unbabel to automatically detect errors in the target text produced by the MT system to guarantee a higher quality of the translated texts after post-edition.<br>Nas últimas décadas, a tradução automática tem sido uma importante área de investigação, no âmbito da qual os investigadores têm vindo a conseguir melhorias nos resultados, obtendo mesmo resultados positivos. Hoje em dia, a tradução automática desempenha um papel muito importante no mercado da tradução, devido ao número cada vez maior de textos para traduzir e aos curtos prazos estabelecidos, bem como à pressão constante para se reduzir os custos. Embora a tradução automática seja usada cada vez com mais frequência, os resultados obtidos são variáveis e a qualidade das traduções nem sempre é satisfatória, dependendo dos paradigmas dos sistemas de tradução automática escolhidos, do domínio do texto a traduzir e da sintaxe e do léxico do texto de partida. Mais especificamente, os sistemas de tradução automática que foram desenvolvidos podem ser divididos entre sistemas baseados em conhecimento linguístico, sistemas orientados para os dados e sistemas híbridos, que combinam diferentes paradigmas. Recentemente, o paradigma neuronal tem tido uma aplicação muito expressiva, implicando mesmo a problematização da existência dos restantes paradigmas. Sendo que a qualidade dos resultados de tradução automática depende de diferentes fatores, para a melhorar, é necessário que haja intervenção humana, através de processos de pré-edição ou de pós-edição. Este trabalho parte das atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio curricular na start-up Unbabel, concentrando-se especificamente na análise do processo de tradução automática, implementado na Unbabel, com vista a apresentar um contributo para melhorar a qualidade das traduções obtidas, em particular as traduções de inglês para italiano. A Unbabel é uma start-up portuguesa que oferece serviços de tradução quase em tempo real, combinando tradução automática com uma comunidade de revisores que assegura a pós-edição dos mesmos. O corpus utilizado na realização deste trabalho é composto por traduções automáticas de inglês para italiano, pós-editadas por revisores humanos de e-mails de apoio ao cliente. O processo de anotação visa identificar e categorizar erros em textos traduzidos automaticamente, o que, no contexto da Unbabel, é um processo feito por anotadores humanos. Analisou-se o processo de anotação e as ferramentas que permitem analisar e anotar os textos, o sistema que avalia a métrica de qualidade e as orientações que o anotador tem de seguir no processo de revisão. Este trabalho tornou possível identificar e categorizar os erros mais frequentes nos textos do nosso corpus. Um outro objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar as instâncias dos tipos de erro mais frequentes, para entender quais as causas desta frequência e estabelecer generalizações que permitam elaborar regras suscetíveis de ser implementadas na ferramenta usada na Unbabel, para apoiar o trabalho dos editores e anotadores humanos com notificações automáticas. Em particular, o nosso trabalho foca-se em erros da categoria do registo, o mais frequente nos textos anotados considerados. Mais especificamente, o nosso estudo consiste em definir um conjunto de regras para melhorar a cobertura do Smartcheck, uma ferramenta usada na Unbabel para detetar automaticamente erros em textos traduzidos no âmbito dos fenómenos relacionados com a expressão de registo, para garantir melhores resultados depois do processo de pós-edição. O trabalho apresentado está dividido em oito capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, apresenta-se o objeto de estudo do trabalho, a metodologia usada na sua realização e a organização deste relatório. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se uma panorâmica teórica sobre a área da tradução automática, sublinhando as características e as finalidades destes sistemas. Apresenta-se uma breve história da tradução automática, desde o surgimento desta área até hoje, bem como os diferentes paradigmas dos sistemas de tradução automática. No terceiro capítulo, apresenta-se a entidade de acolhimento do estágio que serviu de ponto de partida para este trabalho, a start-up portuguesa Unbabel. Explica-se o processo de tradução utilizado na empresa e as fases que o compõem, descrevendo-se detalhadamente os processos de pós-edição e de anotação humanas. São apresentadas também algumas informações sobre as ferramentas usadas na empresa para apoiar o processo de tradução, o Smartcheck e o Turbo Tagger. No quarto capítulo, apresenta-se o processo de anotação desenvolvido na Unbabel, como funciona e as orientações que o anotador deve seguir, descrevendo-se também alguns aspetos que podem ser melhorados. No quinto capítulo problematiza-se a questão do acordo entre anotadores, descrevendo-se a sua importância para medir a homogeneidade entre anotadores e, consequentemente, a fiabilidade de usar os dados de anotação para medir a eficácia e a qualidade dos sistemas de tradução automática. No sexto capítulo, identificam-se os erros mais frequentes por categoria de erro e destaca-se a categoria de registo, a mais frequente e com repercussões evidentes na fluência e na qualidade da tradução, por representar a voz e a imagem do cliente. Apresenta-se uma descrição de um conjunto de regras que pode ser implementado na ferramenta Smartcheck, com vista a diminuir a frequência do erro e aumentar a qualidade dos textos de chegada. Procede-se ainda à verificação do correto funcionamento das regras implementadas, apresentando-se exemplos ilustrativos do desempenho do Smartcheck, na sua versão de teste, com dados relevantes. No último capítulo deste trabalho, apresentam-se as conclusões e o trabalho futuro perspetivado com base neste projeto. Em conclusão, o objetivo do presente trabalho visa contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos textos traduzidos na entidade de acolhimento do estágio. Concretamente este trabalho constitui um contributo tangível para o aumento da precisão do processo de anotação humana e para a extensão da cobertura das ferramentas de apoio ao editor e ao anotador humanos usados na start-up Unbabel.

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Books on the topic "Human-translated"

1

Aesop. The Fables of Aesop and others translated into human nature. Bracken Books, 1986.

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Bonilla, Juan. The nubian prince: A novel : Juan Bonilla ; translated by Ether Allen. Metropolitan Books, 2006.

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Modern Greek philosophers on the human soul: Selections from the writings of seven representative thinkers of modern Greece : Benjamin of Lesvos, Vrailas-Armenis, Skaltsounis, St. Nectarios, Louvaris, Kontoglou, and Theodorakopoulos : on the nature and immortality of the soul, translated from the original Greek and edited with a preface, introduction, notes, and glossary. 2nd ed. Institute For Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 1987.

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France. The Code Napoleon: Verbally translated from the French to which is prefixed an introductory discourse, containing a succinct account of the civil regulations, comprised in the Jewish law, the ordinances of Menu, the Ta Tsing Leu Lee, the Zend Avesta, the laws of Solon, the twelve tables of Rome, the laws of the Barbarians, the Assises of Jerusalem, and the Koran. Lawbook Exchange, 2003.

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France. The Code Napoleon: Verbally translated from the French to which is prefixed an introductory discourse, containing a succinct account of the civil regulations, comprised in the Jewish law, the ordinances of Menu, the Ta Tsing Leu Lee, the Zend Avesta, the laws of Solon, the twelve tables of Rome, the laws of the Barbarians, the Assises of Jerusalem, and the Koran. Gaunt, 1999.

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On the Fabric of the Human Body, Vol. 4. Book V: The Organs of Nutrition and Generation. Translated by William Frank Richardson in collaboration with John Burd Carman. Norman Publishing, 2008.

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Estrada-Tanck, Dorothy. Gender Parity, Legal Pluralism, and Human Rights of Indigenous Women: An Outlook from Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.003.0008.

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Mexico is one of the world leaders in the move towards parity measures for women’s representation, through its constitutional requirement of equal gender representation in legislative candidacies. Mexico has also been on the frontlines of the trend to constitutionally recognize indigenous rights, including self-government. However, the link between the two movements remains controversial. On the one hand, electoral parity for women in state institutions has not translated into a significant increase in the representation of indigenous women. On the other, indigenous women have often been excluded from participating within indigenous forms of governance. Courts have been inconsistent in their interpretation of parity norms and participation rights. To address this challenge, indigenous women have appealed to gender equality, parity democracy, and international human rights, but also to context-specific goals, including the need to tackle violence against indigenous women as well as the grave poverty and vulnerability affecting indigenous peoples.

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Clarkson, Thomas. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African (Large Print Edition): Translated from a Latin Dissertation, Which ... Cambridge, for the Year 1785, with Additions. BiblioBazaar, 2006.

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Clarkson, Thomas. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African: Translated from a Latin Dissertation, Which Was Honoured with the ... Cambridge, for the Year 1785, with Additions. BiblioBazaar, 2006.

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Clarkson, Thomas. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African Translated from a Latin Dissertation, Which Was Honoured with the First ... Cambridge, for the Year 1785, with Additions. Hard Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human-translated"

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Carter, Dave, and Diana Inkpen. "Searching for Poor Quality Machine Translated Text: Learning the Difference between Human Writing and Machine Translations." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30353-1_5.

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MacNaughton, Gillian, and Angela Duger. "Translating International Law into Domestic Law, Policy, and Practice." In Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197528297.003.0006.

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This chapter provides an overview of the means through which international human rights law is translated into domestic law, policy, and practice. To have an influence on public health, international human rights law must be translated into domestic action. As international human rights law is largely state centered, it relies upon national and subnational governments to implement it—to promote and protect human rights and to provide remedies to victims of human rights violations. Based upon international rules on domestic implementation, there are four general approaches to translate international law into domestic action: human rights education, policymaking, judicial actions, and engagement with international human rights mechanisms. National and subnational governments use these four approaches to translate international human rights law into domestic law, policy, and practice for health, while nongovernmental organizations and international human rights mechanisms play important roles in monitoring these processes.

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Gillian, MacNaughton, and Duger Angela. "s.Two Implementation and Accountability, 5 Translating International Law into Domestic Law, Policy, and Practice." In Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780197528297.003.0006.

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This chapter provides an overview of the means through which international human rights law is translated into domestic law, policy, and practice. To have an influence on public health, international human rights law must be translated into domestic action. As international human rights law is largely state centered, it relies upon national and subnational governments to implement it—to promote and protect human rights and to provide remedies to victims of human rights violations. Based upon international rules on domestic implementation, there are four general approaches to translate international law into domestic action: human rights education, policymaking, judicial actions, and engagement with international human rights mechanisms. National and subnational governments use these four approaches to translate international human rights law into domestic law, policy, and practice for health, while nongovernmental organizations and international human rights mechanisms play important roles in monitoring these processes.

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Adamopoulos, Arthur, Martin Dick, and Bill Davey. "Web Tools as Actors." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6126-4.ch015.

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Often actor-network theory studies find that technology has been translated through its relationships with human actors. This chapter reports on a study of online investing that found that the human actors were translated to more active and involved investors due to the changes, over time, in the online services that are available: the non-human actors. The Internet is a constantly evolving technological actor. New tools have the potential to change interactions with users. In this study, it became evident that new services had a noticeable effect on the behaviour of investors. Not only did investors report changes in their behaviour when they moved from offline to online investing, but they also reported changes in their investing strategies over time as new services became available. This study showed a new and interesting confirmation of the value of allowing non-human actors to be heard.

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Kingston, Lindsey N. "Conveying the Problem(s) and Representing Personhood." In Fully Human. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918262.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 explores the international community’s responses to these hierarchies of personhood by considering how violated rights to place and purpose have been communicated and interpreted. Drawing on concepts such as issue emergence, visual narratives, and framing, this chapter assesses the ways that human rights concerns are represented. This assessment is useful for better understanding the ways in which vulnerabilities to human rights abuse are constructed and translated for media consumption, fundraising initiatives, and public advocacy campaigns. At the same time, this analysis also highlights how the problems stemming from lack of functioning citizenship receive vastly different responses depending on political circumstances—including how they align with the hierarchies of personhood that operate at local, state, and international levels. Ultimately, this chapter argues that we must reevaluate the ways that we see problems related to lack of functioning citizenship, which includes facilitating the empowerment and representation of vulnerable communities.

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Chen, Chaomei, Kaushal Toprani, and Natasha Lobo. "Human Factors in the Development of Trend Detection and Tracking Techniques." In Human Computer Interaction. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch107.

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Trend detection has been studied by researchers in many fields, such as statistics, economy, finance, information science, and computer science (Basseville & Nikiforov, 1993; Chen, 2004; Del Negro, 2001). Trend detection studies can be divided into two broad categories. At technical levels, the focus is on detecting and tracking emerging trends based on dedicated algorithms; at decision making and management levels, the focus is on the process in which algorithmically identified temporal patterns can be translated into elements of a decision making process. Much of the work is concentrated in the first category, primarily focusing on the efficiency and effectiveness from an algorithmic perspective. In contrast, relatively fewer studies in the literature have addressed the role of human perceptual and cognitive system in interpreting and utilizing algorithmically detected trends and changes in their own working environments. In particular, human factors have not been adequately taken into account; trend detection and tracking, especially in text document processing and more recent emerging application areas, has not been studied as integral part of decision-making and related activities. However, rapidly growing technology, and research in the field of human-computer interaction has opened vast and, certainly, thought-provoking possibilities for incorporating usability and heuristic design into the areas of trend detection and tracking.

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Moro, Andrea. "A Closer Look at the Turtle’s Eyes." In Impossible Languages. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034890.003.0011.

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What can we expect to be our understanding of human languages given what we have understood from exploiting the notion of impossible language? The chapter discusses the limits of our understanding, highlighting the elusiveness of linguistic creativity, and suggest a possible scenario where all syntactic rules can be translated in a geometrical representation (call it “Euclidean Grammars”).

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Daw, Sarah. "The Beat Ecologies of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac." In Writing Nature in Cold War American Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430029.003.0005.

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Chapter Four develops the previous chapter’s investigation into the substantial influence of translated Chinese and Japanese philosophical writing on presentations of an ecological Nature in Cold War American literature. However, it differs in its countercultural focus, exploring the influence of Americanised translations of Chinese and Japanese literature and philosophy on the work of the Beat Generation writers Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac. Ginsberg and Kerouac’s extensive correspondence reveals the two writers’ developing interest in Taoist and Zen Buddhist thought, and their co-development of their own Americanised and highly inauthentic ‘Beat Zen’, which was heavily influenced by Dwight Goddard’s A Buddhist Bible (1932). Taking these letters as its starting point, the chapter reveals that translated Taoism and Zen Buddhism informed each writer’s ecological depictions of the human relationship to Nature in some of their most famous contributions to Beat literature, including Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums (1958) and Ginsberg’s “Howl” (1956).

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Pöhnl, Veronika. "Transportation, Transformation, and Metaphoricity." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7027-1.ch002.

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This chapter discusses similarities of and differences between the epistemological premises of ANT and German media theory concerning concepts of transmission. The applicability of ANT for media investigations and the compatibility of ANT concepts in media studies have been discussed intensively for several years now. The profound similarities as well as the critical differences in the study of the material conditions of human culture have also stimulated current reconsiderations and reformulations in cultural media studies, as German media theory is most commonly called in Germany. The chapter gives a brief overview of recently published approaches to cultural techniques and intersections of media and techno-philosophy that are increasingly being translated into English and therefore also internationally accessible, alongside with the discussion concerning their compatibility with ANT in respect of cultural transmission.

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Chen, Chaomei, Kaushal Toprani, and Natasha Lobo. "Human Factors in the Development of Trend Detection and Tracking Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch043.

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Trend detection has been studied by researchers in many fields, such as statistics, economy, finance, information science, and computer science (Basseville & Nikiforov, 1993; Chen, 2004; Del Negro, 2001). Trend detection studies can be divided into two broad categories. At technical levels, the focus is on detecting and tracking emerging trends based on dedicated algorithms; at decision making and management levels, the focus is on the process in which algorithmically identified temporal patterns can be translated into elements of a decision making process. Much of the work is concentrated in the first category, primarily focusing on the efficiency and effectiveness from an algorithmic perspective. In contrast, relatively fewer studies in the literature have addressed the role of human perceptual and cognitive system in interpreting and utilizing algorithmically detected trends and changes in their own working environments. In particular, human factors have not been adequately taken into account; trend detection and tracking, especially in text document processing and more recent emerging application areas, has not been studied as integral part of decision-making and related activities. However, rapidly growing technology, and research in the field of human-computer interaction has opened vast and, certainly, thought-provoking possibilities for incorporating usability and heuristic design into the areas of trend detection and tracking.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human-translated"

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Beeler, D., L. Fritze, G. Soff, R. Jackman, and R. Rosenberg. "HUMAN THROMBOMODULIN cDNA:SEQUENCE AND TRANSLATED STRUCTURE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643967.

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A 750 bp bovine Thrombomodulin (TM) cDNA fragment was used as an hybridization probe to screen an oligo-dT primed Lambda gtll. cDNA library prepared from human umbilical vein endothelial cell mRNA. A 2.4 kb positive human clone was isolated which showed an 80% nucleotide sequence homology with bovine TM cDNA. This clone and a 550 bp fragment from its 5' end were used to further screen the oligo-dT primed library as well as randomly primed library prepared from the same mRNA. The cDNA clones obtained allow us to describe the overall structure of human TM and reveal that it is extremely similar to the structure of bovine TM, especially as the bovine TM is organized like the receptor for low density lipoprotein (LDL R). Both TM and LDL R exhibit short cytoplasmic C-terminal tails which are either neutral or negatively charged. Other coated pit receptors such as the insulin receptor or the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor have very large cytoplasmic regions with a complex tyrosine kinase segment as well as multiple sites for phosphorylation. Both TM and LDL R possess a transmembrane region and an immediately adjacent extracellular serine/threonine rich region which in LDL R has been shown to bear 0-1inked sugars. Both TM and LDL R contain a more distal area of cysteine rich repeats, first noted in the EGF precursor and termed EGF type B. However, the TM EGF type B repeats appear to have been duplicated in TM resulting in their being 6 of them rather than the 3 found in LDL R. The N-terminal half of LDL R is thought to contain the ligand binding region of the receptor and is constructed from multiple cysteine rich repeats similar to those of Complement factor C9. The structure of this region of TM is quite different from that of LDL R, possessing few cysteines. We suspect that protein C and/or thrombin may bind to this unique domain of TM.

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Bystrova, Tatyana. "Cohesion in Non-translated, Human-translated, and Machine-translated Newspaper Editorials A Corpus-Based Study from Russian into English." In 6th Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l317.75.

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Seljan, S., I. Dunder, and M. Pavlovski. "Human Quality Evaluation of Machine-Translated Poetry." In 2020 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro48935.2020.9245436.

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Aerts, S., and L. Trommelmans. "19. The ethic of care can be translated from human nursing to veterinary nursing." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-892-6_19.

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Zakani, Sima, Erin J. Smith, Manuela Kunz, Gavin C. A. Wood, John Rudan, and Randy E. Ellis. "Tracking Translations in the Human Hip." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87882.

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Translations of the femoral head with respect to the acetabular cup, in non-impinging zones, was investigated using surgical navigation methods. An ex-vivo study was conducted on five fresh-frozen human cadaver pelvises in distinct dissection states. Each specimen underwent a series of motions that included combinations of abduction/adduction, flexion/extension and internal/external rotations, repeated in four soft-tissue states: soft tissues intact; partially dissected with capsule intact; Z-shaped capsulotomy; and fully dissected and disarticulated. The data showed significant increases of excursions (p<0.05) between the first three soft tissue states. The findings supported the recently proposed model of aspherical hip motion, and imply that the femoral head translated before and after impingement. The results bring into question many accepted ideas in hip morphology, kinematics and surgical planning.

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Bjorklid, E., T. Johansen, U. R. Pendurthi, L. V. M. Rao, B. Warn-Cramer, and S. T. Rapaport. "HUMAN cDNA CLONES FOR THROMBOPLASTIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643735.

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A rabbit polyclonal antibody which was monospecific for thromboplastin (TP) apoprotein from human brain according to a number of criteria was used to screen two human placenta cDNA libraries in the expression vector λgt11, one randomly primed and one oligo-dT primed, by the method of Young and Davis. 23 positive clones expressing TP related antigen were isolated and plaque purified. DNA from the different clones was isolated and the TPcDNA inserts released by EcoRl digestion. The inserts could be classified into11 size classes ranging from approx. 300-1100 base pairs.The largest insert (1100 bp) was subcloned intothe plasmid vector pGEM-1. When the nick-translated plasmid (pTP4-l) was used as a probe to screen the phage clones by slot blot hybridization all the 23clones hybridized to the 1100 bp insert. A λgt11TP4 lysogen expressed β-galactosidase- TP4 fusion peptide upon IPTG induction as shown by immunobinging studied using two different antibodies to TP apoprotein: the rabbit antibody originally used to screen the libraries and an antibody raised in goat against human brain TP purified by affinity chromatography on a Factor VII-antiVII-agarose column.

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Puentes, Lucas, Jonathan Cagan, and Christopher McComb. "Automated Heuristic Induction From Human Design Data." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22151.

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Abstract Through experience, designers develop guiding principles, or heuristics, to aid decision-making in familiar design domains. Generalized versions of common design heuristics have been identified across multiple domains and applied by novices to design problems. Previous work leveraged a sample of these common heuristics to assist in an agent-based design process, which typically lacks heuristics. These predefined heuristics were translated into sequences of specifically applied design changes that followed the theme of the heuristic. To overcome the upfront burden, need for human interpretation, and lack of generality of this manual process, this paper presents a methodology that induces frequent heuristic sequences from an existing timeseries design change dataset. Individual induced sequences are then algorithmically grouped based on similarity to form groups that each represent a shared general heuristic. The heuristic induction methodology is applied to data from two human design studies in different design domains. The first dataset, collected from a truss design task, finds a highly similar set of general heuristics used by human designers to that which was hand selected for the previous computational agent study. The second dataset, collected from a cooling system design problem, demonstrates further applicability and generality of the heuristic induction process. Through this heuristic induction technique, designers working in a specified domain can learn from others’ prior problem-solving strategies and use these strategies in their own future design problems.

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Tashi, A. M. M. Sharif Ullah, and Akihiko Kubo. "Developing a Human-Cognition-Based Reverse Engineering Approach." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8528.

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Abstract Conventional reverse engineering uses 3D scanning or image processing technologies to extract the shape information of a given object in terms of point clouds before creating its virtual and real models. It requires complex and user-intensive geometric modeling processes such as noise removal and surface reconstruction. In order to avoid all these complex processes, this paper presents a scanning-free reverse engineering approach defined as a human-cognition-based reverse engineering. The approach consists of four spaces. The first space is defined as a human cognition space wherein the information of a given object is represented using some predefined linguistic expressions. The second space is defined as a point cloud creation space wherein the predefined linguistic expressions are translated to a point cloud model. The third space is defined as a virtual model creation space wherein the point cloud model is converted into a virtual model using a commercially available CAD system. The last space is defined as a real model creation space wherein the virtual model is converted into a real model using 3D printing technology. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by performing a case study. The findings will help those who want to simplify the current practices regarding reverse engineering.

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Weng, Rongxiang, Hao Zhou, Shujian Huang, Lei Li, Yifan Xia, and Jiajun Chen. "Correct-and-Memorize: Learning to Translate from Interactive Revisions." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/730.

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State-of-the-art machine translation models are still not on a par with human translators. Previous work takes human interactions into the neural machine translation process to obtain improved results in target languages. However, not all model--translation errors are equal -- some are critical while others are minor. In the meanwhile, same translation mistakes occur repeatedly in similar context. To solve both issues, we propose CAMIT, a novel method for translating in an interactive environment. Our proposed method works with critical revision instructions, therefore allows human to correct arbitrary words in model-translated sentences. In addition, CAMIT learns from and softly memorizes revision actions based on the context, alleviating the issue of repeating mistakes. Experiments in both ideal and real interactive translation settings demonstrate that our proposed CAMIT enhances machine translation results significantly while requires fewer revision instructions from human compared to previous methods.

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Wendrich, Robert E. "Sensible Pathways for Sensorium-Gameness Integration and Embedment in Design Tools for Multi-Phase Iterative Creative Synthesis in Design and Engineering Processes." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67246.

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Current and ongoing research and experimentations in the creation, design and build of low-cost, high-value prototypes for novel and unconventional interaction devices (IxD) in combination with cyber-physical system (CPS) (i.e. hybrid design tools (HDT), blended spaces) tangible user interfaces (TUI) and use of sensor technology lead to a variety of novel interaction modalities, experiences and possibilities. In line with this research, we propose a first prototype Human Sensor Selection Tool (HSST) as a preliminary guide and guidelines for design and engineering domains. The HSST is based on and inspired by the ‘five human senses’ [1], a plethora in human body signals (e.g. proprioceptive, vestibular) and gestures (e.g. facial expression, (e-)motions) that could be integrated, translated, transformed, adapted or mimicked to enhance and enrich the interaction modalities with for example computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided technologies (CAx), and effectively affective CPS.

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