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Journal articles on the topic 'Human Uruguay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Bloom, Allison. "A New “Shield of the Weak”: Continued Paternalism of Domestic Violence Services in Uruguay." Violence Against Women 24, no. 16 (March 4, 2018): 1949–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218757374.

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Drawing on ethnographic and historical research, this article illuminates the limitations of the Uruguayan domestic violence services system. In spite of how advocates in Uruguay successfully used a human rights platform to secure legislation and services, this system now faces significant critique. Using Iris Marion Young’s work on the “logic of masculinist protection” and historical parallels in Uruguay’s welfare system, I discuss how a paternalistic approach may be to blame. I highlight how this paternalism contributes to the paternalism that problematically underlies gendered violence—reinforcing rather than addressing oppressive ideologies and structures that impede improving conditions for women.

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2

Solla, Horacio E. "POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS BY SKULL-PHOTO COMPARISON IN URUGUAY: A REVIEW. Identificación positive de restos humanos por la comparación cráneo-foto en Uruguay: Una revisión." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 7, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v7.n1.14159.

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El artículo presenta una revisión a través de un estudio cuantitativo de los casos antropológico-forenses ocurridos en Uruguay desde 1950 a 2013 inclusive. Los casos antropológico-forenses han crecido rápida-mente en Uruguay, desde un caso registrado en 1950 hasta 91 casos en 2013. Antes de 1992 cuando se realizaba un hallazgo de restos humanos eran examinados por el médico forense que no contaba con experiencia en éste tipo de casos ni en las técnicas antropológicas forenses. Por lo tanto, en la mayoría de los casos los restos humanos no eran identificados. Como necesidad para resolver ese problema en 1992 se creó el Laboratorio de Antropología Forense en la Morgue Judicial de Montevideo. El artículo estudia un total de 1391 casos antropológico-forenses analizados en la Morgue Judicial desde 1950 hasta 2013 inclusive. El estudio se divide en dos partes: la primera representa 225 casos ocurridos desde 1950 hasta 1991 y la segunda parte representa 1166 casos ocurridos desde 1992 hasta 2013. En cada caso los restos fueron analizados para determinar posible causa de la muerte, sexo, estatura y edad al momento de la muerte. También se analizaron los casos en que se llegó a obtener una identificación positiva. El propósito de este artículo es describir el rol de la antropología Forense en el sistema judicial uruguayo y cómo las técnicas de comparaciones cráneo-fotográficas han sido utilizadas con gran éxito para identificar restos humanos en Uruguay. The article presents a review by a quantitative analysis of the forensic anthropology cases that occurred in Uruguay from 1950 to 2013. Forensic anthropology cases have rapidly increased in Uruguay over the years, from only one case in 1950 to 91 cases in 2013. Before 1992, when human remains were found, they were analyzed by the local medical examiner with lacked experience in these types of cases and in anthropological techniques. Therefore, in the majority of cases, human remains were not identified. By the need to solve these cases in 1992, the Forensic Anthropology Laboratory at the Morgue Judicial of Montevideo was created. This article studied a total of 1391 forensic anthropology cases that were undertaken at the Judicial Morgue of Montevideo between 1950 and 2013. The study is divided into two parts: the first part represents 225 cases occurring from 1950 to 1991, and the second one represents 1166 cases occurring from 1992 to 2013. In each case the remains were analyzed to determine the deceased person sex, stature and age at the time of death. Whether a positive identification was made as a result of forensic anthropology investigation was also analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the place of forensic anthropology in the Uruguayan medico-legal system and to show how skull-photograph comparison techniques were successfully used to identify human remains in Uruguay.

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3

Delfraro, Adriana, Analía Burgueño, Noelia Morel, Gabriel González, Alicia García, Juan Morelli, Walter Pérez, Héctor Chiparelli, and Juan Arbiza. "Fatal Human Case of Western Equine Encephalitis, Uruguay." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 5 (May 2011): 952–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.101068.

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4

Mirazo, Santiago, Dora Ruchansky, Andrea Blanc, and Juan Arbiza. "Serologic evidence of human metapneumovirus circulation in Uruguay." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 100, no. 7 (November 2005): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762005000700005.

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5

Alisky, Marvin, Servicio Paz y Justicia-Uruguay, and Elizabeth Hampsten. "Uruguay nunca mas: Human Rights Violations, 1972-1985." Hispanic American Historical Review 73, no. 4 (November 1993): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516876.

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Alisky, Marvin. "Uruguay nunca más: Human Rights Violations, 1972-1985." Hispanic American Historical Review 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-73.4.709.

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7

Lizasoain, A., L. F. L. Tort, M. García, M. M. Gómez, J. Cristina, J. P. G. Leite, M. P. Miagostovich, M. Victoria, and R. Colina. "Environmental Assessment of Classical Human Astrovirus in Uruguay." Food and Environmental Virology 7, no. 2 (February 14, 2015): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9186-4.

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8

Pezzutti, Miguel. "Bases constitucionales del derecho administrativo uruguayo. / Constitutional bases of uruguayan administrative law." Revista Derecho Constitucional │Universidad Blas Pascal, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2683-9016(2021)002.

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El artículo tiene por objetivo identificar los vínculos del Derecho Administrativo con el Derecho Constitucional en Uruguay, efectuando además algunas referencias comparativas con el Derecho Argentino. Enfoca en las raíces constitucionales de la Administración Pública en el Derecho Uruguayo basadas en la idea de centralidad de la persona humana. Analiza las fuentes del Derecho Administrativo reconocidas en el texto constitucional, así como importancia de los Principios Generales en la construcción de un sistema organizado y coherente. Con relación a la organización, se analiza la posición institucional del Poder Ejecutivo y las distintas formas de gestión administrativa, en particular las descentralizadas. Partiendo de los principios generales, se analiza la normativa relativa a la actividad administrativa y la importancia de los medios de defensa de las situaciones jurídicas de los particulares, así como las bases del servicio público.AbstractThe article aims to identify the links between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law in Uruguay, also making some comparative references with Argentine Law. It focuses on the constitutional roots of Public Administration in Uruguayan Law based on the idea of centrality of the human person. It analyzes the sources of Administrative Law recognized in the constitutional text, as well as the importance of the General Principles in the construction of an organized and coherent system. Regarding the organization, the institutional position of the Executive Branch and the diferent forms of administrative management, particularly decentralized ones, are analyzed. Starting from the general principles, the regulations relating to administrative activity and the importance of the means of defense of the legal situations of individuals are analyzed, as well as the bases of public service.

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9

González-Espada, Wilson J., Rosina Pérez Aguirre, and Marcos Sarasola. "Perceptions of STS Topics Among Uruguayan College Students: Implications for Secondary School Curricular Reform." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 37, no. 1 (February 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467617740496.

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The purpose of this descriptive and exploratory study was to measure the perceptions regarding a variety of science, technology, and society (STS) topics among a sample of Uruguay underclassmen college students. These perceptions were compared with the viewpoints of a group of professional scientists. It was found that, for some STS topics, such as the role of humans in global climate change, the perceptions of Uruguay underclassmen and scientists were statistically identical. For topics, such as the problem of human overpopulation, both groups find themselves on the same side of the issue but with a statistically significant gap between them. Uruguay underclassmen and professional scientists have opposite views on STS topics such as the use of animals for scientific research. A sizable proportion of Uruguay underclassmen were not familiar with several STS topics, such as the scientific work of the International Space Station. Implications for formal and informal STEM education efforts are discussed.

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Carrieri, A., M. Sans, J. E. Dipierri, E. Alfaro, E. Mamolini, M. Sandri, A. Rodríguez-Larralde, C. Scapoli, and I. Barrai. "The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000476.

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AbstractSurname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of 2,501,774 people on the electoral register was studied in the nineteen departments of Uruguay. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate isonymic parameters. Isolation by Distance was measured by correlating isonymic and geographic distances. In the study sample, the most frequent surnames were consistently Spanish, reflecting the fact that the first immigration waves occurred before Uruguayan independence. Only a few surnames of Native origin were recorded. The effective surname number (α) for the entire country was 302, and the average for departments was 235.8 ± 19. Inbreeding estimates were lower in the south-west of the country and in the densely populated Montevideo area. Isonymic distances between departments were significantly correlated with linear geographic distance (p < 0.001) indicating continuously increasing surname distances up to 400 km. Surnames form clusters related to geographic regions affected by different historical processes. The isonymic structure of Uruguay shows a radiation towards the east and north, with short-range migration playing a major role, while the contribution of drift, considering the small variance of α, appears to be minor.

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11

Venzal, José M., Agustín Estrada-Peña, Aránzazu Portillo, Atilio J. Mangold, Oscar Castro, Carlos G. De Souza, María L. Félix, Laura Pérez-Martínez, Sonia Santibánez, and José A. Oteo. "Rickettsia parkeri: a Rickettsial pathogen transmitted by ticks in endemic areas for spotted fever rickettsiosis in southern Uruguay." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54, no. 3 (June 2012): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652012000300003.

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At first Rickettsia conorii was implicated as the causative agent of spotted fever in Uruguay diagnosed by serological assays. Later Rickettsia parkeri was detected in human-biting Amblyomma triste ticks using molecular tests. The natural vector of R. conorii, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, has not been studied for the presence of rickettsial organisms in Uruguay. To address this question, 180 R. sanguineus from dogs and 245 A. triste from vegetation (flagging) collected in three endemic localities were screened for spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis in southern Uruguay. Tick extracted DNA pools were subjected to PCR using primers which amplify a fragment of the rickettsial gltA gene. Positive tick DNA pools with these primers were subjected to a second PCR round with primers targeting a fragment of the ompA gene, which is only present in SFG rickettsiae. No rickettsial DNA was detected in R. sanguineus. However, DNA pools of A. triste were found to be positive for a rickettsial organism in two of the three localities, with prevalences of 11.8% to 37.5% positive pools. DNA sequences generated from these PCR-positive ticks corresponded to R. parkeri. These findings, joint with the aggressiveness shown by A. triste towards humans, support previous data on the involvement of A. triste as vector of human infections caused by R. parkeri in Uruguay.

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12

Skaar, Elin. "Legal development and human rights in Uruguay: 1985–2002." Human Rights Review 8, no. 2 (January 2007): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02881666.

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13

Sauca Cano, José María. "Deliberación, deferencia y Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. El caso Gelman vs Uruguay." Araucaria, no. 46 (2021): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i46.26.

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El caso Gelman supuso la condena de Uruguay por violación de los derechos al reconocimiento de la personalidad jurídica, a la vida, a la integridad personal y a la libertad personal; a la familia, al nombre, a los derechos de los niños y niñas y a la nacionalidad, a la protección de la familia; a las garantías judiciales y a la protección judicial y por haber incumplido la obligación de adecuar su derecho interno a la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. Amparado en la legitimidad democrática de los referéndums que convalidaban la Ley de Caducidad, Uruguay ha prorrogado la impunidad de los crímenes de la dictadura no ejecutando la sentencia. El autor critica la validez de estos argumentos exculpatorios de este incumplimiento sobre la base de diversas razones.

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14

Gargarella, Roberto. "Democracy and Rights in Gelman v. Uruguay." AJIL Unbound 109 (2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001276.

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On 24 February 2011, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) issued its decision in Gelman v. Uruguay, condemning Uruguay for the forced disappearance of María Claudia García Iruretagoyena de Gelman and the kidnapping of her daughter Macarena Gelman during the military dictatorship. In the decision, the Court ordered Uruguay to remove all obstacles that enabled those responsible for the crimes to go unpunished. Accordingly, it declared that Law 15848 on the Expiry of Punitive Claims of the State (“Expiry Law”), a 1986 amnesty law that prevented the prosecution of people who had committed serious human rights violations during the military dictatorship, was incompatible with the American Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons, and therefore lacked legal effect. That the law had been passed democratically and subsequently reaffirmed two times by popular referendums did not change the Court’s evaluation or impede the Court from annulling it.

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15

Taylor, Lucy. "Human rights and democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile." International Affairs 73, no. 4 (October 1997): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624545.

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16

López Mazz, José Ma. "Early human occupation of Uruguay: Radiocarbon database and archaeological implications." Quaternary International 301 (July 2013): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.004.

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Pizzorno, A., M. Masner, C. Médici, M. J. Sarachaga, I. Rubio, S. Mirazo, S. Frabasile, and J. Arbiza. "Molecular detection and genetic variability of human metapneumovirus in Uruguay." Journal of Medical Virology 82, no. 5 (May 2010): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21752.

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18

Flores, Pablo, and Juan Pablo Hourcade. "UNDER DEVELOPMENTOne year of experiences with XO laptops in Uruguay." Interactions 16, no. 4 (July 2009): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1551986.1551997.

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19

Roldan, Andrés Del Río. "O horizonte da justiça transicional em Uruguai | The horizon of transitional justice in Uruguay." Mural Internacional 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2016.25242.

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A investigação e o castigo às violações dos direitos humanos das ditaduras nos países da América Latina se tornaram uma questão inevitável para o fortalecimento e a consolidação das democracias da região. No presente trabalho, observaremos os principais eventos no processo de justiça transicional no Uruguai desde o governo de Jose Pepe Mujica até os dias de hoje (2010-2016). Analisaremos os principais eventos recentes observando a participação dos (e nos) tribunais no processo de luta pela memória, verdade e justiça. Examinaremos as novidades e desafios no horizonte da justiça transicional no Uruguai. O estudo tenta colaborar com o debate atual sobre os processos de revisão do passado violento na nossa região, desde a perspectiva da justiça transicional.ABSTRACTThe investigation and punishment for violations of the human rights of dictatorships in Latin America have become an unavoidable issue for the strengthening and consolidation of democracies in the region. In this paper, we will observe the major events in the transitional justice process in Uruguay since the government of Jose Pepe Mujica to the present day (2010-2016). We will review the main recent events observing the participation of (and in) the courts in the struggle for memory, truth and justice. We will examine the new challenges on the horizon of transitional justice in Uruguay. The study attempts to collaborate in the current debate about the violent past review processes in our region, from the perspective of transitional justice.Palavras-chave: Justiça transicional; Lei de Caducidade; Ditadura; Suprema Corte de Justiça; UruguaiKeywords: Transitional Justice; Law Forfeiture; Dictatorship; Supreme Court; UruguayDOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.25242Recebido em 08 de Outubro de 2016 | Aceito em 15 de Dezembro de 2016Received on October 08, 2016 | Accepted on December 15, 2016

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Simó, Miguel, María de Fátima da Rocha Dias, Carolina Jorge, Manuel Castro, Marcelo Alves Dias, and Álvaro Laborda. "Habitat, redescription and distribution of Latrodectus geometricus in Uruguay (Araneae: Theridiidae)." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000100040.

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This study provides the first accurate records of Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 for Uruguay and extends the known distribution of this species to the Southeastern region of South America. Data and figures of the genitalic morphology for the recognition of the species and natural history in this country are indicated. In Uruguay L. geometricus was mainly restricted to urban areas at the west of this country and it is associated with locations with high human activity.

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SKAAR, ELIN. "Wavering Courts: From Impunity to Accountability in Uruguay." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 3 (August 2013): 483–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13000801.

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AbstractMany Latin American countries are moving towards increased accountability for past human rights violations, and there is a growing global consensus that international law does not allow some crimes simply to be exempted from prosecution. Uruguay has had a deeply split response to these developments. While the Supreme Court and the political elite increasingly pushed to end impunity, the public actually ratified the 1985 amnesty law protecting the military from prosecution in a 2009 plebiscite. The amnesty law was finally abolished by Parliament in 2011. This article traces the winding road from impunity to accountability in Uruguay in the context of substantial public support for impunity. It argues that, while the lack of judicial independence obstructed the quest for justice for many years, the combination of continued civil society demands for justice met by increasingly human-rights-friendly executives and liberal-minded judges (and lately also prosecutors) explains the recent advance in retributive justice.

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de Kore, E. Fogel, M. C. Alonzo, and M. E. Korc. "104 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS FROM THE USE OF PESTICIDES IN URUGUAY." Epidemiology 6, no. 2 (March 1995): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199503000-00134.

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23

Bielous, Silvia Dutrénit. "Civilian Power, Military Power and Human Rights in Recent Uruguay History." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 21, no. 2 (January 2000): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2000.9669901.

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Dabezies, Juan M., Gabriel de Souza, and Denisse Torena. "Rethinking representations of the space in human-environmental relationships in Uruguay." Geoforum 82 (June 2017): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.04.021.

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Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel, Enrique Baquedano, Luciano Varela, P. Sebastián Tambusso, María Julia Melián, and Richard A. Fariña. "Deep classification of cut-marks on bones from Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1954 (July 14, 2021): 20210711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0711.

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The earliest widely accepted presence of humans in America dates to approximately 17.5 cal kyr BP, at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Among other evidence, this presence is attested by stone tools and associated cut-marks and other bone surface modifications (BSM), interpreted as the result of the consumption of animals by humans. Claims of an older human presence in the continent have been made based on the proposed anthropogenic modification of faunal remains; however, these have been controversial due to the highly subjective nature of the interpretations. Here, we employ advanced deep learning algorithms to objectively increase the accuracy of BSM identification on bones. With several models that exhibit BSM classification accuracies greater than 94%, we use ensemble learning techniques to robustly classify a selected sample of BSM from the approximately 30 kyr BP site of Arroyo del Vizcaíno, Uruguay. Our results confidently show the presence of cut-marks imparted by stone tools on bones at the site. This result supports an earlier presence of humans in the American continent, expanding additional genetic and archaeological evidence of a human LGM and pre-LGM presence in the continent.

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Conti-Díaz, Ismael A., Jonas Moraes-Filho, Richard C. Pacheco, and Marcelo B. Labruna. "Serological evidence of Rickettsia parkeri as the etiological agent of rickettsiosis in Uruguay." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 51, no. 6 (December 2009): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652009000600005.

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We report three new rickettsiosis human cases in Uruguay. The three clinical cases presented clinical manifestations similar to previous reported cases of Rickettsia parkeri in the United States; that is mild fever (< 40 ºC), malaise, headache, rash, inoculation eschar at the tick bite site, regional lymphadenopathy, and no lethality. Serological antibody-absorption tests with purified antigens of R. parkeri and Rickettsia rickettsii, associated with immunofluorescence assay indicated that the patients in two cases were infected by R. parkeri. Epidemiological and clinical evidences, coupled with our serological analysis, suggest that R. parkeri is the etiological agent of human cases of spotted fever in Uruguay, a disease that has been recognized in that country as cutaneous-ganglionar rickettsiosis.

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López Mazz, Jose. "Forensic excavations and burials in Uruguay, 2004–10." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (2016): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.2.2.5.

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This article will describe the contemporary scientific techniques used to excavate and identify the dead bodies of disappeared detainees from the Uruguayan dictatorship. It will highlight the developments that have led to increased success by forensic anthropologists and archaeologists in uncovering human remains, as well as their effects, both social and political, on promoting the right to the truth and mechanisms of transitional justice.

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Norouzi, Nima, Heshmat-ullah Khanmohammadi, and Elham Ataei. "The Law in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Lessons from Uruguay." Hasanuddin Law Review 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v7i2.2827.

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The Corona crisis is one of the crises that has engulfed the world and Uruguay and has marked all human beings' death and life. This crisis has many legal, political, social, and economic dimensions and has and will have different consequences in this area. So far in the last two centuries, twelve major epidemics of infectious diseases and fifteen famines, and severe droughts have engulfed our world, but this crisis is "of a different kind." It has been less critical to cover the whole world. Infect millions of people, create new words in cultures, and announce major changes in international relations, politics, law, and the world and country economies. No geographical point is safe from this, and it has a serious impact on human relations. This paper is aimed to study the Uruguayan legal system in the post-Covid-19 world. In this paper, Constitutional, Financial, commercial, Labor, Public, and judicial law is discussed in the light of the Covid-19, and its impacts and strategies to mitigate those impacts are mentioned.

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RONIGER, LUIS. "Transitional Justice and Protracted Accountability in Re-democratised Uruguay, 1985–2011." Journal of Latin American Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2011): 693–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x11000459.

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AbstractThis article analyses the protracted process by which democratised Uruguay has come to terms with its legacy of human rights violations. Central to this process has been the nature of Uruguayan transitional policies and their more recent partial unravelling. Due to the negotiated transition to electoral democracy, civilian political elites approached the transitional dilemma of balancing normative expectations and political contingency by promulgating legal immunity, for years avoiding initiatives to pursue trials or launch an official truth commission, unlike neighbouring Argentina. A constellation of national and transnational factors (including recurrent initiatives by social and political forces) eventually opened up new institutional ground for belated truth-telling and accountability for some historical wrongs – and yet, attempts to challenge the blanket legal impunity failed twice through popular consultation and in a recent parliamentary vote. Each time, the government officially projected a narrative that sacralised national consensus and reconciliation, now enshrined in two sovereign popular votes, and the adoption of a forward-looking democratic perspective.

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Mirazo, Santiago, Natalia Ramos, José Carlos Russi, and Juan Arbiza. "Genetic heterogeneity and subtyping of human Hepatitis E virus isolates from Uruguay." Virus Research 173, no. 2 (May 2013): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.005.

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31

Loveman, Mara. "High‐Risk Collective Action: Defending Human Rights in Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina." American Journal of Sociology 104, no. 2 (September 1998): 477–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210045.

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Cosimini, Amy. "Dissensual subjects: memory, human rights, and postdictatorship in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay." Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes 44, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2019.1549378.

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Lizasoain, A., L. F. L. Tort, M. García, M. M. Gómez, J. P. G. Leite, M. P. Miagostovich, J. Cristina, R. Colina, and M. Victoria. "Environmental assessment reveals the presence of MLB-1 human astrovirus in Uruguay." Journal of Applied Microbiology 119, no. 3 (July 8, 2015): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12856.

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Smart, Juan, and Alejandra Letelier. "Bridging human rights and social determinants of health: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 13, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-05-2019-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to do a systematic assessment and testing of identified human rights norms alongside social determinant approaches in relation to identified health issues of concern in four Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) to show how social determinants and human rights frameworks improve population health. Design/methodology/approach To do so, in the first part the authors analyze the inequalities both between and within each of the selected countries in terms of health status and health determinants of the population. Then, in the second section, the authors analyze the level of recognition, institutionalisation and accountability of the right to health in each country. Findings From the data used in this paper it is possible to conclude that the four analysed countries have improved their results in terms of health status, health care and health behaviours. This improvement coincides with the recognition, institutionalisation and creation of accountability mechanisms of human rights principles and standards in terms of health and that a human rights approach to health and its relation with other social determinants have extended universal health coverage and health systems in the four analysed countries. Originality/value Despite of the importance of the relation between human rights and social determinants of health, there are few human right scholars working on the issues of social determinants of health and human rights. Most of the literature of health and human rights has been focussed specific relations between specific rights and the right to health, but less human right scholar working on social determinants of health. On the other hand, just a few epidemiologists and people working on social medicine have actually started to use a universal human rights frame and discourse. In fact, according to Vnkatapuram, Bell and Marmot: “while health and human rights advocates have from the start taken a global perspective, social medicine and social epidemiology have been slower to catch up”.

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Vieira, Yasmine R., Moyra M. Portilho, Flávia F. Oliveira, Alexandro Guterres, Débora Regina L. dos Santos, Lívia M. Villar, Santiago Mirazo, et al. "Evaluation of HBV-Like Circulation in Wild and Farm Animals from Brazil and Uruguay." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152679.

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The origin of the hepatitis B virus is a subject of wide deliberation among researchers. As a result, increasing academic interest has focused on the spread of the virus in different animal species. However, the sources of viral infection for many of these animals are unknown since transmission may occur from animal to animal, human to human, animal to human, and human to animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepadnavirus circulation in wild and farm animals (including animals raised under wild or free conditions) from different sites in Brazil and Uruguay using serological and molecular tools. A total of 487 domestic wild and farm animals were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and tested via quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA. We report evidence of HBsAg (surface antigen of HBV) and total anti-HBc (HBV core antigen) markers as well as low-copy hepadnavirus DNA among domestic and wild animals. According to our results, which were confirmed by partial genome sequencing, as the proximity between humans and animals increases, the potential for pathogen dispersal also increases. A wider knowledge and understanding of reverse zoonoses should be sought for an effective One Health response.

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Joutsenvirta, Maria, and Eero Vaara. "Legitimacy Struggles and Political Corporate Social Responsibility in International Settings: A Comparative Discursive Analysis of a Contested Investment in Latin America." Organization Studies 36, no. 6 (March 19, 2015): 741–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840615571958.

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This paper examines the discursive legitimation of controversial investment projects to provide a better understanding of the ways in which corporate social responsibility is constructed in international settings. On the basis of a discursive analysis of an intense dispute between Finnish, Uruguayan and Argentinean actors over a pulp mill project in Uruguay, we develop a framework that elucidates four legitimating discourses: technocratic, societal, national-political, and global-capitalist. With this framework, our analysis helps to better understand how CSR involves discourse-ideological struggles, how CSR is embedded in international relations, and how CSR is mediatized in contemporary globalizing society. By so doing, our analysis contributes to critical studies of CSR as well as research on legitimation more generally.

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Arbiza, Juan, Adriana Delfraro, and Sandra Frabasile. "Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Uruguay: 1985-2001 - A review." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 100, no. 3 (May 2005): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762005000300001.

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Navas, Rafael, Jimena Alonso, Angela Gorgoglione, and R. Willem Vervoort. "Identifying Climate and Human Impact Trends in Streamflow: A Case Study in Uruguay." Water 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071433.

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Land use change is an important driver of trends in streamflow. However, the effects are often difficult to disentangle from climate effects. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that trends in streamflow can be identified by analysing residuals of rainfall-runoff simulations using a Generalized Additive Mixed Model. This assumes that the rainfall-runoff model removes the average climate forcing from streamflow. The case study involves the Santa Lucía river (Uruguay), the GR4J rainfall-runoff model, three nested catchments ranging from 690 to 4900 km 2 and 35 years of observations (1981–2016). Two exogenous variables were considered to influence the streamflow. Using satellite data, growth in forest cover was identified, while the growth in water licenses was obtained from the water authority. Depending on the catchment, effects of land use change differ, with the largest catchment most impacted by afforestation, while the middle size catchment was more influenced by the growth in water licenses.

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Sznajder, Mario, and L. (Luis) Roniger. "The Legacy of Human Rights Violations and the Collective Identity of Redemocratized Uruguay." Human Rights Quarterly 19, no. 1 (1997): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0008.

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Bucheli, Marisa, Maximo Rossi, and Florencia Amábile. "Inequality and fiscal policies in Uruguay by race." Journal of Economic Inequality 16, no. 3 (January 24, 2018): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-017-9373-7.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The findings support the idea that fiscal policy reduces (but does not eliminate) ethnic gaps. This result is led by health care and educational transfers, and to a lesser degree by direct transfers. We do not consider quality issues with public services, which may affect the estimated narrowing of gaps. Finally, we find that Afro-descendants and indigenous individuals do not capture the full potential of education transfers because of their high drop-out rate.

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Santos, Limber. "LAS ESCUELAS RURALES COMO CASAS DEL PUEBLO." Revista Espaço do Currículo 14, no. 2 (July 11, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1983-1579.2021v14n2.58022.

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Durante casi sesenta años, los fundamentos del programa curricular específico para escuelas rurales de Uruguay establecieron que la escuela debía ser la casa del pueblo. Esta expresión encerraba un concepto y un origen complejo y cargado de significación, en el marco de los procesos de educación rural en el México posrevolucionario. Allí, hasta 1925 las escuelas rurales se denominaban Casas del Pueblo teniendo una fuerte impronta comunitaria en su accionar así como en su influencia sobre el entorno. Los casos de México y Uruguay en la educación rural latinoamericana representan un paralelismo diferido de procesos de conformación curricular. Uruguay se manifiesta más tardíamente a modo de imagen especular difusa de lo ocurrido antes en México. El hilo conductor lo constituye la concepción de casa del pueblo y la prescripción social de la labor educativa desde lo curricular. La idea sobrevive a quiebres históricos e institucionales, períodos dictatoriales y transformaciones económicas y sociales. Aun en la actualidad, que aquella estructura curricular ya no está vigente en términos formales, la escuela rural como casa del pueblo sigue teniendo significación pedagógica y sentido de identidad.

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Schelotto, Felipe, Elba Hernández, Sabina González, Alicia Del Monte, Silvana Ifran, Karina Flores, Lorena Pardo, et al. "A ten-year follow-up of human leptospirosis in Uruguay: an unresolved health problem." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54, no. 2 (April 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652012000200003.

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Leptospira spp. are delicate bacteria that cannot be studied by usual microbiological methods. They cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through infected urine of wild or domestic animals. We studied the incidence of this disease in the Uruguayan population, its epidemiologic and clinical features, and compared diagnostic techniques. After examining 6,778 suspect cases, we estimated that about 15 infections/100,000 inhabitants occurred yearly, affecting mainly young male rural workers. Awareness about leptospirosis has grown among health professionals, and its lethality has consequently decreased. Bovine infections were probably the principal source of human disease. Rainfall volumes and floods were major factors of varying incidence. Most patients had fever, asthenia, myalgias or cephalalgia, with at least one additional abnormal clinical feature. 30-40% of confirmed cases presented abdominal signs and symptoms, conjunctival suffusion and altered renal or urinary function. Jaundice was more frequent in patients aged > 40 years. Clinical infections followed an acute pattern and their usual outcome was complete recovery. Laboratory diagnosis was based on indirect micro-agglutination standard technique (MAT). Second serum samples were difficult to obtain, often impairing completion of diagnosis. Immunofluorescence was useful as a screening test and for early detection of probable infections.

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Herrera, Teresa. "The Pragmatics of Domestic Violence Discourse in Uruguay." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401668537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016685372.

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Domestic violence (DV) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of human rights. As such, it was analyzed from the perspective of feminist theory in the dissertation this article is based on, by analyzing discourse pragmatics. Which are the socially accepted DV discourses in Uruguay? Which coincidences, contradictions, and paradoxes appear when we compare these discourses and those of everyday life? Which codes and subcodes should be modified by the sectors interested in the prevention and eradication of DV? The main hypothesis is that there are different types of opposition between the public discourse of different institutional sectors and that of everyday life. Describing these oppositions and, especially, unveiling the pragmatic paradoxes will enable us to develop a different type of discourse for the prevention and eradication of DV. As I am both a researcher and an activist on the topic, my epistemological choice was the autoethnography. This article provides some final reflections, included in the dissertation, on how the feminist movement needs to succeed in persuading decision makers and the mass media, and in building solid alliances to establish an information and monitoring system; the integration of the subject into the educational system; comprehensive legislation on gender-based violence; and new ways of communicating with all sectors, so as to create a new ideology on gender relations for the suitable prevention of DV.

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Francolino, Sonia S., Antonio Fernandez Antunes, Rodolfo Talice, Rachel Rosa, Joel Selanikio, Joffre Marcondes de Rezende, Álvaro J. Romanha, and João Carlos Pinto Dias. "New evidence of spontaneous cure in human Chagas' disease." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 36, no. 1 (January 2003): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822003000100014.

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A new case of spontaneous cure of human Chagas' disease is described in Uruguay. An 87-year-old man who had a typical acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in 1947 and never received specific treatment against the disease, when examined in 1998 revealed several completely negative parasitological and serological tests, including traditional serology, PCR and flow cytometry. As a whole, such findings fulfill the current criteria to define the cure of Chagas' disease. Clinical data suggest the possibility of a benign evolution of Chagas' disease in this case, but the basic findings (slight cardiac and esophageal impairment) could also be due to the advanced age of the patient.

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Soutullo, Alvaro, Mariana Ríos, Natalia Zaldúa, and Franco Teixeira-de-Mello. "Soybean expansion and the challenge of the coexistence of agribusiness with local production and conservation initiatives: pesticides in a Ramsar site in Uruguay." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000089.

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SummarySoybean has undergone the greatest expansion of any global crop, fuelled by the emergence of herbicide-resistant crops. In Uruguay, soybean croplands have increased from virtually zero to more than 1 million ha in 20 years. Uruguay is also implementing its system of protected areas. Here, we assess the presence of pesticides within a Ramsar site and protected area, in a basin dominated by croplands. We consider pesticides as surrogates of the subtle impacts of agribusiness on conservation initiatives and other productions. Pesticides were found in soils, fishes and beehives, both within and around the protected area. Endosulfan was found in all matrices analysed (23 of 80 samples), while glyphosate (0–2.31 mg/kg) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 0–0.61 mg/kg) were found in all soil classes. The study also allowed for a retrospective evaluation of a recent policy banning endosulfan in Uruguay, suggesting that while the protected area has not been immune to the impacts of agribusiness on human health or biodiversity, limiting the use of pesticides reduces or avoids some of them. This has implications for the design of multifunctional landscapes and for the debate on land sharing versus land sparing.

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Burgueño, Analía, Lorena Spinsanti, Luis Adrián Díaz, María Elisa Rivarola, Juan Arbiza, Marta Contigiani, and Adriana Delfraro. "Seroprevalence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus (Flavivirus,Flaviviridae) in Horses, Uruguay." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/582957.

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St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) belong to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex (Flavivirusgenus,Flaviviridaefamily). They show antigenic close relationships and share many similarities in their ecology. Both are responsible for serious human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of neutralizing antibodies to these viruses in horses from Uruguay. To do this, 425 horse sera were collected in 2007 and analyzed by plaque reduction neutralization tests. As a result, 205 sera (48.2%) were found positive for SLEV, with titers ranging between 10 and 80. Two sera remained inconclusive, since they showed low titers to WNV and SLEV (10 and 20), not allowing us to demonstrate activity of WNV in our territory. This is the first report of circulation of SLEV in horses in Uruguay.

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Biehl, Andres, Andrea Canales, Viviana Salinas, and Guillermo Wormald. "Gender differences in retirement in Chile and Uruguay." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 7/8 (May 1, 2020): 765–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2020-0029.

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PurposeThis study compares retirement in Chile and Uruguay, and focuses on current individuals legally entitled to retire, particularly women. The article analyses how labour market and family resources shape the access of women and men to social insurance by investigating the likelihood of retirement after reaching the legal age of retirement.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Longitudinal Social Protection Survey (LSPS), a biannual or triennial longitudinal survey carried out in six Latin American countries. To study gender differences in the chance of being retired, the study conducts a series of logit regression models to model retirement as a function of labour market and life course conditions as well as providing descriptive and contextual information.FindingsMain findings support labour market explanations of gender differences in retirement. Work experience, human capital and contribution densities largely explain the chances of retirement and economic autonomy among elderly women. Further analysis reveal that they are both less likely than men to retire but also to work in old age, limiting their economic autonomy.Research limitations/implicationsData for Uruguay are recent. To maximize comparison between countries, the paper selects the more recent waves with complete administrative information. As a result, the article uses cross-sectional data that might not capture the accumulation of family resources and could fail to provide a complete gendered life course explanation of current disadvantages faced by women.Originality/valueThe article uses novel data in order to place two Latin American countries within mainstream sociological theories of retirement, thus complementing literature that mainly focuses on European and North-American societies. The paper also documents gender gaps in retirement in two different Latin American societies, one with a traditionally generous public pension system (Uruguay) and one with a largely privately-run contributory system (Chile).

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Skaar, Elin, Luis Roniger, and Mario Sznajder. "The Legacy of Human Rights Violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay." Latin American Politics and Society 43, no. 1 (2001): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177019.

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Roniger, Luis. "Human Rights Violations and the Reshaping of Collective Identities in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay." Social Identities 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504639752078.

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Carbia, M., A. Otero, B. Ana Laura, and B. Raquel. "P5.076 Deep Mycoses in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Montevideo, Uruguay." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A358.2—A358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1120.

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