Dissertations / Theses: 'Human variables'

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Shuck, Michael B. "Employee Engagement: An Examination of Antecedent and Outcome Variables." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/235.

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This nonexperimental, correlational study (N = 283) examined the relation among job fit, affective commitment, psychological climate, discretionary effort, intention to turnover, and employee engagement. An internet-based self-report survey battery of six scales were administered to a heterogeneous sampling of organizations from the fields of service, technology, healthcare, retail, banking, nonprofit, and hospitality. Hypotheses were tested through correlational and hierarchical regression analytic procedures. Job fit, affective commitment, and psychological climate were all significantly related to employee engagement and employee engagement was significantly related to both discretionary effort and intention to turnover. For the discretionary effort model, the hierarchical regression analysis results suggested that the employees who reported experiencing a positive psychological climate were more likely to report higher levels of discretionary effort. As for the intention to turnover model, the hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that affective commitment and employee engagement predicted lower levels of an employee’s intention to turnover. The regression beta weights ranged from to .43 to .78, supporting the theoretical, empirical, and practical relevance of understanding the impact of employee engagement on organizational outcomes. Implications for HRD theory, research, and practice are highlighted as possible strategic leverage points for creating conditions that facilitate the development of employee engagement as a means for improving organizational performance.

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Auyang, Arick Gin-Yu. "Robustness and hierarchical control of performance variables through coordination during human locomotion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42837.

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The kinematic motor redundancy of the human legs provides more local degrees of freedom than are necessary to achieve low degree of freedom performance variables like leg length and orientation. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how the neuromuscular skeletal system simplifies control of a kinematically redundant system to achieve stable locomotion under different conditions. I propose that the neuromuscular skeletal system minimizes step to step variance of leg length and orientation while allowing segment angles to vary within the set of acceptable combinations of angles that achieves the desired leg length and orientation. I find that during human hopping, control of the locomotor system is organized hierarchically such that leg length and orientation are achieved by structuring segment angle variance. I also found that leg length and leg orientation was minimized for a variety of conditions and perturbations, including frequency, constrained foot placement, and different speeds. The results of this study will give valuable information on interjoint compensation strategies used when the locomotor system is perturbed. This work also provides evidence for neuromuscular system strategies in adapting to novel, difficult tasks. This information can be extended to give insight into new and different areas to focus on during gait rehabilitation of humans suffering from motor control deficits in movement and gait.

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Liu, Yuanlong. "The statistical validity of using ratio variables in human kinetics research." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ46373.pdf.

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Capristan, Garcia Johana Maria, and Vigil Susana del Carmen María Farfán. "Efectos de las fusiones y adquisiciones sobre las variables empresariales." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628070.

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En este trabajo se exponen investigaciones relevantes que discuten los efectos que las Fusiones y Adquisiciones (F&A) tienen sobre las variables empresariales, con particular énfasis sobre la construcción y destrucción de valor. Para este fin, se analizan las variables de estrategia gerencial, creación de valor, función comercial, capital humano, aspectos operativos y tecnológicos y gobierno corporativo. Finalmente, a la luz de la información bibliográfica revisada, y con la finalidad de que pueda servir de apoyo a las empresas para la toma de decisiones en relación a los procesos de F&A, se recomienda llevar a cabo un estudio empírico que permita cuantificar los efectos sobre las variables empresariales e identificar cuáles son las condiciones que favorecen el éxito de las F&A.
This paper presents relevant research that discusses the effects that Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have on business variables, with particular emphasis on the construction and destruction of value. For this purpose, the variables of management strategy, value creation, commercial function, human capital, operational and technological aspects, and corporate governance are analyzed. Finally, in light of the bibliographic information reviewed, and with the objective that it can serve to companies as a support for decision making in relation to M & A processes, it is recommended to carry out an empirical study to quantify the effects on the business variables and identify which are the conditions that favor the success of the M & A.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

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Cary, Michele Marie. "The effects of five discrete variables on human performance in a telephone information system." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040616/.

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Cho, Seung Bin. "Decomposing individual and group differences of categorical variables with genetic factor model." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4926.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 3, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Howarth, Mark. "HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY VARIABLES: GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENTATION FOR SPACEFLIGHT IMPLEMENTATION." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/14.

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One countermeasure to cardiovascular spaceflight deconditioning being tested is the application of intermittent artificial gravity provided by centripetal acceleration of a human via centrifuge. However, artificial gravity protocols have not been optimized for the cardiovascular system, or any other physiological system for that matter. Before artificial gravity protocols can be optimized for the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular responses to the variables of artificial gravity need to be quantified. The research presented in this document is intended to determine how the artificial gravity variables, radius (gravity gradient) and lower limb exercise, affect cardiovascular responses during centrifugation. Net fluid (blood) shifts between body segments (thorax, abdomen, upper leg, lower leg) will be analyzed to assess the cardiovascular responses to these variables of artificial gravity, as well as to begin to understand potential mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial orthostatic tolerance response resulting from artificial gravity training. Methods: Twelve healthy males experienced the following centrifuge protocols. Protocol A: After 10 minutes of supine control, the subjects were exposed to rotational 1 Gz at radius of rotation 8.36 ft (2.54 m) for 2 minutes followed by 20 minutes alternating between 1 and 1.25 Gz. Protocol B: Same as A, but lower limb exercise (70% V02max) preceded ramps to 1.25 Gz. Protocol C: Same as A but radius of rotation 27.36 ft (8.33 m). Results: While long radius without exercise presented an increased challenge for the cardiovascular system compared to short radius without exercise, it is likely at the expense of more blood “pooling” in the abdominal region. Whereas short radius with exercise provided a significant response compared to short radius without exercise. More fluid loss occurred from the thorax and with the increased fluid loss from the thorax blood did not “pool” in the abdominal region but instead was essentially “mobilized” to the upper and lower leg. The exercise fluid shift profile presented in this document is applicable to not only artificial gravity protocol design but also proposes a mechanistic reason as to why certain artificial gravity protocols are more effective than others in increasing orthostatic tolerance.

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Blansett, Karen D. Marshall Linda L. "Women's career success the contributions of human capital, individual, organizational, and power variables /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6133.

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Blansett, Karen D. "Women's career success: The contributions of human capital, individual, organizational, and power variables." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6133/.

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Women are a significant presence in today's workforce; however, few rise to the top management ranks. Therefore, there is a critical need to better understand the factors that facilitate their success. This study examined several variables that may contribute to women's objective (income, span of control, promotions) and subjective (self-reported satisfaction) success. Predictive variables include human capital (training, experience), individual (perception of promotability, motivation for training), organizational (supervisor gender, percentage of male subordinates) and power (extent of supervisory authority) factors. Participants were members of the National Longitudinal Surveys Young Women cohort, conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data were analyzed through simultaneous multiple regression analysis, and the results indicated that education was significantly related to income for all women. For women in management positions, their degree of supervisory power was also predictive of higher income, yet negatively associated with job satisfaction. Further, their span of control was positively influenced by the amount of time they spent in on-the-job training. The implications for women's career advancement, study limitations, and future research possibilities are also discussed.

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Pitsiladi, Lesvokli N. "Variables affecting family employee remuneration in South African family businesses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3449.

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The purpose of this multi-case study research was to determine variables that affect The Perceived Success of Fair Family Employee Compensation in South African family businesses. Five propositions: Human Capital, Outside Advice, Succession Planning, Fairness and Family Harmony were tested and as a result, Human Capital, Fairness and Family Harmony were deduced to have a positive influence, while Outside Advice and Succession Planning had a non-significant influence. The present research effort begun with an in-depth literature review on family business and the variables: Human Capital, Outside Advice, Succession Planning, Fairness, Family Harmony and Fair Family Employee Compensation, followed by a qualitative explanatory multi-case study research design using embedded units of analysis and provided a valuable insight into compensation issues regarding family businesses in South Africa. Replication logic was used to generalise the results and it was recommended that the preliminary theory regarding Outside Advice and Succession Planning be revised and tested with another set of cases, while the results indicated that Human Capital, Fairness and Family Harmony could be generalised to the broader theory.

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Douglas, Sara Klass Patricia Harrington. "The relationship of selected situational variables to consent rates in nursing research." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1991. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9203028.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1991.
Title from title page screen, viewed December 9, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Patricia H. Klass (chair), Cheryl L. Cohn, John F. Chizmar, Ronald S. Halinski, Edward R. Hines. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-117) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Frampton, William. "Evaluating the potential of sentinel optical sensors for the retrieval of vegetation biophysical variables." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375212/.

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Westerlund, Ken. "Exploration of the Impact of Affective Variables on Human Performance in a Live Simulation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5886.

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Live simulations play an important role in allowing users to practice and develop skills they learn in training. Although live simulations are playing an increasingly important role in training, ways to improve them are not well understood or documented. In order to improve the efficacy of live simulation and maximize results from funds spent on training; this research examines the relationship between the affective variables of the participants and their performance in the live simulation. Prior to participating in the instructor development live simulation used in this study two training preference scales were administered to a group of trainees. These scales measured the trainees' locus of control and immersion tendencies. During the live simulation the trainees' performance was evaluated by a panel of expert observers. The trainees also self-reported their performance through the use of a self-rating instrument. Analysis of the data revealed significant positive correlations between the trainees' internal locus of control and their performance in the simulation, both self-reported (p=0.026) and as reported by the expert observers (p=0.033). The correlation between immersion tendency scores and performance in the live simulation were mixed; while not always statistically significant they did reveal some slight positive correlation. This research did provide a number of lessons learned and implications for instructional and simulation developers wishing to employ live simulation in a training environment. These include performance of sub-populations within the greater population of subjects, consideration of roles assigned to participants, and the need to increase presence within the live simulation. Application of these lessons learned can reduce training costs and/or improve the effectiveness of live simulation in a training environment, this in turn can be of significant benefit to instructional and simulation designers. Additionally, understanding these relationships can lead to better assignments of roles or activities within live simulation and improve the transfer of experience from live simulation training to on the job performance. However, additional research needs to be conducted in order to make more conclusive statements regarding the most appropriate affective variable that would allow for predicting transfer of the simulated experience to the 'real' world, the individuals who would benefit most from live simulation, and to develop additional prescriptive methods for improving live simulation utilized in training environments.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation

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Corman, Lawrence S. (Lawrence Sanger). "An Empirical Investigation of Psychophysiological Characteristics and Psychological Variables in Information Systems Human Factors Research." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331407/.

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The purpose of this study was to test the comparability of several psychological instruments commonly used in Information Systems (IS) cognitive style research. The objective was to determine the limitations of: existing instruments in IS cognitive style research. The motivation for this research was the inconclusive findings reported in IS human information processing research. The study used a repeated measures design. Each individual completed the following cognitive style and personality instruments; the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the Group Embedded-figures Test, the Learning Style Inventory, the Human Information Processing Survey, and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figural Form A). The individual also completed a dichotic listening and tachistoscope task. Data was collected from business administration, BCIS, liberal arts majors, and IS professionals. The results of this study indicate IS researchers need to consider several factors in the use of these instruments. A direct relationship exists between cognitive ability and results on the GEFT. Cognitive ability should be considered a moderating variable in interpreting the results of the GEFT. Also, the hypothesis that the GEFT is a surrogate for analytical and low-analytical abilities is not supported by this study. Other reported results include the inappropriateness of using the TTCT with adult populations. Also, the MBTI appears to be an appropriate instrument for measuring cognitive styles in IS research. This study reported that gender is a moderating factor on the classification of MBTI types in that gender is not evenly divided among feeling and thinking types. This study reported no relationships between the cognitive style and personality instruments with the physiological measurements. The validity of the physiological measurements could be the underlying factor for not reporting any significant relationships. IS researchers will benefit from this study through an improved understanding of the appropriateness and applicability of these instruments. This benefits research through the strengthening of instrument selection.

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Kruger, Elda. "Selected marketing and human resources variables influencing sponsorship initiatives within corporate businesses :a South African perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010010.

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In an ever changing world, consumers are less and less responsive to traditional advertising, which creates a challenge for marketers, as they need to constantly develop new marketing communication tools to make a lasting impression on current and potential consumers. Consumers of the twenty first century are described as emotionally acting individuals, and has led to a increase in creative and emotional marketing communication tools, for example sponsorship, which is an increasingly important element of an integrated marketing communication strategy. Because of the value sponsorship can have for a business, and the high costs involved in this marketing initiative, it is imperative to examine variables that might be influential, in order to apply this promotional activity to the business’ advantage (Belch & Belch 2007:12; Hartland, Skinner & Griffiths 2005:164-173; Nicholis, Roslow & Dublish 1999:365-387; Pham & Vanheule 1997:407-417). Because of the important effect of sponsorship, marketing managers seek clarity in respect of which events to support and to link their business’ brand with or not. There is however little guidance in literature available on which events to sponsor and how to exploit resources efficiently and effectively (Crimmins & Horn 1996; Speed & Thompson 2000). Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify factors that might influence sponsorship initiatives within corporate businesses in South Africa. The variables that was identified for the study at hand was marketing related variables namely branding, marketing ethics and green marketing, and human resources related variables namely, corporate culture, values and employee empowerment. In order to determine the influence of the predetermined variables on sponsorship, an empirical investigation was conducted. The positivistic (phenomenological) approach was used in this study as the aim was to determine whether a relationship exists between selected independent variables and the dependent variable, via the intervening variables, using statistical analysis. In order to gather primary data, selfadministered questionnaires were issued to 182 respondents by means of convenience and snowball sampling of which the results were analysed to arrive at conclusions regarding the research in question. The empirical analysis of the data followed the following statistical steps: exploratory factor analysis to test the validity of the measuring instrument, Cronbach Alpha correlation coefficients to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, SEM goodness-of-fit, multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent, intervening and dependent variables, ANOVA and descriptive statistics. The main findings of this study suggest that branding and green marketing have a significantly positive relationship with sponsorship, indicating the importance of a business’ brand and environmental awareness in terms of its emotional marketing initiatives. These relationships iIn an ever changing world, consumers are less and less responsive to traditional advertising, which creates a challenge for marketers, as they need to constantly develop new marketing communication tools to make a lasting impression on current and potential consumers. Consumers of the twenty first century are described as emotionally acting individuals, and has led to a increase in creative and emotional marketing communication tools, for example sponsorship, which is an increasingly important element of an integrated marketing communication strategy. Because of the value sponsorship can have for a business, and the high costs involved in this marketing initiative, it is imperative to examine variables that might be influential, in order to apply this promotional activity to the business’ advantage (Belch & Belch 2007:12; Hartland, Skinner & Griffiths 2005:164-173; Nicholis, Roslow & Dublish 1999:365-387; Pham & Vanheule 1997:407-417). Because of the important effect of sponsorship, marketing managers seek clarity in respect of which events to support and to link their business’ brand with or not. There is however little guidance in literature available on which events to sponsor and how to exploit resources efficiently and effectively (Crimmins & Horn 1996; Speed & Thompson 2000). Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify factors that might influence sponsorship initiatives within corporate businesses in South Africa. The variables that was identified for the study at hand was marketing related variables namely branding, marketing ethics and green marketing, and human resources related variables namely, corporate culture, values and employee empowerment. In order to determine the influence of the predetermined variables on sponsorship, an empirical investigation was conducted. The positivistic (phenomenological) approach was used in this study as the aim was to determine whether a relationship exists between selected independent variables and the dependent variable, via the intervening variables, using statistical analysis. In order to gather primary data, selfadministered questionnaires were issued to 182 respondents by means of convenience and snowball sampling of which the results were analysed to arrive at conclusions regarding the research in question. The empirical analysis of the data followed the following statistical steps: exploratory factor analysis to test the validity of the measuring instrument, Cronbach Alpha correlation coefficients to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, SEM goodness-of-fit, multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent, intervening and dependent variables, ANOVA and descriptive statistics. The main findings of this study suggest that branding and green marketing have a significantly positive relationship with sponsorship, indicating the importance of a business’ brand and environmental awareness in terms of its emotional marketing initiatives. These relationships imply that, according to respondents, if these two aspects improve within the business, so could its sponsorship initiatives. Interestingly, it was established that ethics was insignificant in terms of a business’sponsorship initiatives. Corporate culture and values had a positive relationship with sponsorship, and employee empowerment proved to be negatively related to Sport and Broadcast sponsorship, with no significant relationship with Education and Community sponsorship. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the ethnicity of respondents exerted an influence on the perception employees have regarding ethics, employee empowerment and Sport and Broadcast sponsorship within the businesses they are employed at. As this study assisted in the development of sponsorship strategies for businesses to implement, it will have a direct benefit to marketers and businesses in general so that sponsorship initiatives can be directed in such a way to maximise the return on investment for a business. The implications of this study will be of great value to marketing managers as sponsorship is such an important marketing strategy and communications tool which impacts on the overall business objectives.mply that, according to respondents, if these two aspects improve within the business, so could its sponsorship initiatives. Interestingly, it was established that ethics was insignificant in terms of a business’ sponsorship initiatives. Corporate culture and values had a positive relationship with sponsorship, and employee empowerment proved to be negatively related to Sport and Broadcast sponsorship, with no significant relationship with Education and Community sponsorship. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the ethnicity of respondents exerted an influence on the perception employees have regarding ethics, employee empowerment and Sport and Broadcast sponsorship within the businesses they are employed at. As this study assisted in the development of sponsorship strategies for businesses to implement, it will have a direct benefit to marketers and businesses in general so that sponsorship initiatives can be directed in such a way to maximise the return on investment for a business. The implications of this study will be of great value to marketing managers as sponsorship is such an important marketing strategy and communications tool which impacts on the overall business objectives.

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Hudson, Davia Tamar. "Variables Affecting the Collection and Preservation of Human Scent Components through Instrumental and Biological Evaluations." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/201.

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In certain European countries and the United States of America, canines have been successfully used in human scent identification. There is however, limited scientific knowledge on the composition of human scent and the detection mechanism that produces an alert from canines. This lack of information has resulted in successful legal challenges to human scent evidence in the courts of law. The main objective of this research was to utilize science to validate the current practices of using human scent evidence in criminal cases. The goals of this study were to utilize Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) to determine the optimum collection and storage conditions for human scent samples, to investigate whether the amount of DNA deposited upon contact with an object affects the alerts produced by human scent identification canines, and to create a prototype pseudo human scent which could be used for training purposes. Hand odor samples which were collected on different sorbent materials and exposed to various environmental conditions showed that human scent samples should be stored without prolonged exposure to UVA/UVB light to allow minimal changes to the overall scent profile. Various methods of collecting human scent from objects were also investigated and it was determined that passive collection methods yields ten times more VOCs by mass than active collection methods. Through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) no correlation was found between the amount of DNA that was deposited upon contact with an object and the alerts that were produced by human scent identification canines. Preliminary studies conducted to create a prototype pseudo human scent showed that it is possible to produce fractions of a human scent sample which can be presented to the canines to determine whether specific fractions or the entire sample is needed to produce alerts by the human scent identification canines.

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Leavey, Anna L. "Insights into the variables controlling human exposure to ultrafine particle concentrations in urban affinity zones." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508619.

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Ottesen, James McBride. "Attention and Information Processing Variables in Hypothetically Psychosis-Prone College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278965/.

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Considering the explanations of schizophrenia that presume schizophrenia spectrum disorders (e.g., schizotypal personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, etc.) to be genetically related to schizophrenia, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attention and information processing abilities of individuals who have been identified as schizotypal or psychosis-prone (i.e., schizophrenia spectrum functioning in individuals who do not have schizophrenia). Research indicates that persons identified as psychosis-prone may show attention and information processing deficits similar to individuals with schizophrenia. The identification and description of individuals who later decompensate into schizophrenia would advance the understanding of schizophrenia and its causes. The Chapman's PER-MAG scale (Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation) was used to identify 35 hypothetically psychosis-prone college students (schizotypy group) and 42 normal college students (nonschizotypy group) out of the 806 volunteer subjects. Their attention and information processing abilities were measured by COGLAB (a multiparadigmatic cognitive test battery that represents a continuum of cognitive functions, from preattentional to attentional, to conceptual). Their social adjustment was measured by the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). The hypotheses of the study were that the hypothetically psychosis-prone subjects would perform poorer than controls on COGLAB measures and that COGLAB measures of a more molar nature would better predict social adjustment than would the more molecular tasks. The results of the study did not support the hypotheses as there were no significant differences between the schizotypy group and the nonschizotypy group and the measures of a more molar nature did not better predict social adjustment. Further research might consider increasing the sample size, applying more stringent cut-off criteria for the schizotypy group, and verifying the validity of using PER-MAG, COGLAB, and PAS with this population. Further research also needs to clarify the ways in which those identified as psychosis-prone process information like (or unlike) nonschizotypes and how their current social functioning might be related to their deficiencies.

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Jungbauer, Rebecca Marie. "HPV Vaccination, Sociodemographic Variables, and Physician Recommendation in Select U.S. Areas." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4640.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus, and is causally related to several cancers. HPV vaccination rates are far below HealthyPeople 2020 targets and vary across geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic populations. The purpose of this research was to test the relationships among socioeconomic and demographic variables, HPV vaccination, social vulnerability, and physician recommendation within select local areas in the United States. Fundamental cause theory and behavioral economics informed this quantitative secondary analysis of National Immunization Survey-Teen and Social Vulnerability Index data (n = 43,271). Statistical analyses included chi-square and binomial logistic regression. Teens whose mothers had less than a college degree were more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine series (p < .01), while teens living in Hidalgo County and Houston were less likely to initiate the series (p < .001). Younger teens (p < .001), males (p < .001) and teens whose mothers had some college (p < .01) were less likely to complete the series, while older teens (p < .001) and teens living in Philadelphia and Houston (p < .01) were more likely to complete the series. Fewer teens in Bexar County received a physician recommendation (p < .01); there was no difference between vaccine initiation and select local area. These findings highlight the need to consider local sociodemographic influences on underlying disparities in health and physician behavior. Informed interventions may produce positive social change by reducing variance in health care quality, tailoring public health efforts to local needs, and moving persons experiencing disparities in health outcomes toward a healthy future.

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Aalto, Anders. "Biodiversity and habitat conditions in reaches with high flow velocity along gradients in hydrological and geomorphological alteration : A study of six rivers in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179012.

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The vast majority of rivers in the developed world are affected by human alteration, which in turn negatively affects the species that rely on these highly diverse and species rich areas to survive. Homogenization of previously heterogenic areas due to a change in water discharge and the substrate availability in the rivers is often regarded as the main reason for the loss of species richness in rivers and the riparian zone. Because of this, there are a lot of restoration projects which main goal is to increase heterogeneity. The goal of this thesis is to compare hydrology and geomorphology variables between four types of reaches with high flow velocity (rapids in free-flowing reaches, rapids with regulated flow, impounded reaches and reaches in outlet channels below hydropower plants). In this thesis I wanted to find out how changes in geomorphology and hydrology affect fish species richness, riparian vegetation richness and aquatic vascular plants species richness. The result show that both fish species richness and riparian vegetation species richness are negatively affected by the changes in geomorphology and hydrology. There was no significant difference for aquatic vascular plants when comparing the regulation types. The most altered reach type, outlet channels, had significantly fewer fish species compared to the less altered reach type, impounded reaches. Outlet channels also had less riparian vegetation cover compared to all other regulation types, and fewer riparian vegetation species compared to both free-flowing reaches and impounded reaches. In conclusion, hydropower plants and timber floating have both negatively impacted the riverine ecosystem, and in turn caused a decrease in species richness for fish and riparian plants. The reaches studied in this thesis will continue to be altered and the species richness and species composition will change from an ecosystem that relied on the natural flow regime to an ecosystem more used to the flow regime created by the hydropower plants.

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Jonas, Altouise Glowdean. "The influence of persons and marketing related variables on consumers purchasing of environmentally-friendly products." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011098.

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The human environment is under serious threat as natural resources such as air, water and forests are being overused. Worldwide, people have become more aware of the threatening situation and consequently many more individuals are showing concern for the environment. Often this concern is not displayed in consumers’ purchasing behaviour, as consumers who claim to be concerned about the environment are not necessarily consuming or showing a preference for environmentally–friendly products. This study examined two sets of variables, namely, person related and marketing related factors, and determined the extent to which these factors influence consumers’ behaviour when buying environmentallyfriendly products. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to adult employed consumers residing in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred usable questionnaires were received. Three person related factors, namely, norms, environmental concern and environmental knowledge, and four marketing related factors, namely, price, product, place and promotion - were found to influence respondents’ behaviour when purchasing environmentally-friendly products. Environmental concern explained the largest portion of variation in purchase behaviour, while promotion explained the smallest portion of variation. Significant differences in the influence of age were found for norms, nvironmental concern, environmental knowledge and price. It is recommended that suppliers of environmentally-friendly products should ensure that these products are located at outlets which are convenient to consumers; more should be done by the relevant stakeholders to increase environmental knowledge and educate South Africans about the benefits of leading a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle; marketers find more innovative methods to convince consumers to act on their environmental concern; further attempts be made to minimise the price difference between environmentally-friendly products and traditional products; marketers should pay more attention to advertisements promoting environmentally-friendly products to ensure that these appeal to their target markets; and the performance of environmentally-friendly products should be on a par with the performance of traditional products.

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Sadi, Ozlem. "Relation Of Cognitive And Motivational Variables With Students." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611727/index.pdf.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationships among high school students&rsquo
relevant prior knowledge, meaningful learning orientation, reasoning ability, self-efficacy, locus of control, attitudes toward biology and achievement in human circulatory system in learning cycle and traditional classrooms. This study was conducted with 2 teachers and 4 classes and total of 60 11th grade students in the private high schools at Ü
mitkö
y district of Ankara in the fall semester of 2008-2009 academic years. One class of each teacher was assigned as experimental group and treated with 5E learning cycle instruction and other class was assigned as control group and treated with traditional instruction. At the beginning of the study, both teachers were trained for how to implement 5E learning cycle instruction in the classrooms. The Human Circulatory System Achievement Test was applied twice as pre-test and after treatment period as a post-test to both experimental and control groups. Learning Approach Questionnaire was used to measure students&rsquo
approach to learning and Test of Logical Thinking was used to measure reasoning abilitiy of students. Students&rsquo
levels of self-efficacy, locus of control and their attitudes toward biology also were measured. The data obtained from the administration of post-test were analyzed by using ANOVA. The statistical result indicates that learning cycle instruction improved students&rsquo
achievement in human circulatory system compared to traditional instruction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that in learning cycle classrooms, the main predictors of achievement in human circulatory system were students&rsquo
reasoning ability (45.8%) and their prior knowledge (15.9%). In traditional classrooms, students&rsquo
meaningful learning orientation (40%) and locus of control (9.8%) were the main predictors of achievement. This study indicated that different variables may be significant for 11th grade students&rsquo
human circulatory system achievement in learning cycle and traditional classes.

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Lidbeck, Ann. "Studies on the impact of lactobacillus acidophilus on human microflora and some cancer-related intestinal ecological variables." Stockholm : Kong. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25195802.html.

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Baker, Larry Earle. "The relationship between higher education curricular variables and human flight performance in a preliminary flying training program." FIU Digital Commons, 1988. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1377.

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The ability of the United States Air Force (USAF) to sustain a high level of operational ability and readiness is dependent on the proficiency and expertise of its pilots. Recruitment, education, training, and retention of its pilot force are crucial factors in the USAF's attainment of its operational mission: defense of this nation and its allies. Failure of a student pilot during a training program does not only represent a loss of costly training expenditures to the American public, but often consists of loss of human life, aircraft, and property. This research focused on the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps' (AFROTC) selection method for student pilots for the light aircraft training (LATR) program. The LATR program is an intense 16 day flight training program that precedes the Air Force's undergraduate pilot training (UPT) program. The study subjects were 265 AFROTC cadets in the LATR program. A variety of independent variables from each subject's higher education curricular background as well as results of preselection tests, participation in varsity athletics, prior flying experience and gender were evaluated against subsequent performance in LATR. Performance was measured by a quantitative performance score developed by this researcher based on 28 graded training factors as well as overall pass or fail of the LATR program. Study results showed participation in university varsity athletics was very significantly and positively related to performance in the LATR program, followed by prior flying experience and to a very slight degree portions of the Air Force Officers Qualifying Test. Not significantly related to success in the LATR program were independent variables such as grade point average, scholastic aptitude test scores, academic major, gender and the AFROTC selection and ranking system.

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Markham, L. G., and Zyl E. S. Van. "The effect of gender and ethnicity on the job satisfaction of a group of human resource management employees employed in a municipality." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/600.

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Published Article
Employees working in municipalities and especially those who have to support other municipal employees (such as human resource management personnel), are constantly working in difficult working circumstances which may have a negative effect on their levels of job satisfaction. The effect of gender and ethnicity on the job satisfaction of human resource management employees working in a municipality has not yet been demonstrated. This information could help to improve the working circumstances of employees working in the municipality. Results indicated that employees are dissatisfied about the following job satisfaction components: company policies and practices, remuneration, promotion, security, acknowledgement for good performances, status, supervisor skills, working conditions, equipment and facilities. White employees in particular are found to be less satisfied in terms of the way their bosses handled personnel matters, on variety and on independent functioning in their job context. In the light of the above-mentioned, a few recommendations were made.

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Ricci, Christiana Lea. "ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF PARENT/GUARDIAN VARIABLES ON SELECT TYPE 2 DIABETES RISK FACTORS AMONG 10 TO 14 YEAR OLD NORTHERN PLAINS INDIAN YOUTH." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-173623/.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing health concern among American Indian populations. Many behavioral risk factors for T2DM are influenced by the family unit. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of certain parent/guardian variables on youth type 2 diabetes risk factors. Methods: The parents/guardians of 10-14 year old Northern Plains American Indian youth (n=37) were surveyed regarding their knowledge for physical activity and nutrition, support behaviors for physical activity and nutrition in their youth, and their individual physical activity and nutrition behaviors. Youth variables including physical activity behavior, dietary behavior, and body mass index percentile-for-age (BMI %ile) were also collected. Results: Higher levels of parent/guardian physical activity support were correlated with higher youth BMI %ile (r= 0.433, p=0.013). Parent/guardian nutrition support was also significantly correlated with higher youth BMI %ile as well (r=0.406, p=0.021). Parent/guardian physical activity support and nutrition support were not significantly correlated (p>0.05) with youth physical activity behavior or dietary behavior. Parent/guardian knowledge about physical activity and nutrition was not associated with youth physical activity, youth dietary intake, or youth BMI %ile. Parent/guardian nutrition behaviors and physical activity behaviors were also not significantly correlated with youth physical activity, dietary intake, or BMI %ile. Discussion: The results for parent/guardian support to be associated with higher youth BMI %ile were unexpected and deserve attention in future research to evaluate the motivating forces behind parent/guardian support of youth physical activity and nutrition. Although parents/guardians have an influential role in the lives of adolescents, this role did not translate broadly to measurable outcomes concerning T2DM risk factors for the 10-14 year old Northern Plains American Indian youth in the study. While this study was not conclusive regarding the influence of parent/guardian factors on youth disease risk factors, this topic merits further research in light of the increasing incidence of T2DM among American Indian youth.

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Woods, Yvette. "The relationship of noncognitive variables and their contribution to attrition among health care specialists at Fort Sam Houston, TX." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1487.

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Dondeynaz, Celine. "Water, governance and human development variables in developing countries : multivariate inter-relationships analysis and statistical modelling using Bayesian networks." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2002440/.

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In the last decades, we have assisted to an important expansion of the number of indicators for measuring the development of a country− from the GDP per capita, households’ consumption indicators, demographic and medical indicators, schooling rates to governance indexes. This has produced in a first time the development of composite indicators to explain and synthesise the spatial and temporal changes of these different indicators− the Human Development Index (HDI) and its adjusted versions, Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), or the Water Poverty Index (WPI), to provide policy makers simple figures to help them in their decisions. The main difficulty faced by the researchers was to explain complex behaviours through single indicators. This research develops a framework to explain and contribute to the better understanding of the relationships between the existing single and complex indicators in the domain of Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) in Developing Countries. This framework is based on the Bayesian Networks modelling method (Castelletti & Soncini-Sessa, 2007a), (Giné Garriga et al., 2009), (Dondeynaz et al., 2013). In addition to building this analytical framework, this research also aims at measuring and analysing the distribution and the influence of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in recipient countries. The approach chosen is global, targeting cross-countries analysis and comparison to capture the principal key variables of water supply and sanitation coverage expansion and its benefits for the country development. Therefore, this research proposes a methodological framework using Bayesian models for analysing water supply and sanitation access levels together with governance, human development (education, health, and income), water resources, the uses of these resources and the ODA. The research outputs could support national decision making and/or donors’ strategies, in particular the European Union. Variables and data are collected at national country scale for 101 developing countries observations in a new database (WatSan4dev) for year 2004. Five country profiles are identified and ranged around five main thematic axes using multivariate and clustering analyses. The countries from profiles 4 and 5 were the least favoured in terms of development and access to WSS, therefore should benefit from ODA support. However, countries from profile 5 received rather low ODA inputs in 2004, possibly as shown from the models because of their relative instability and poor governance. The modelling approach is led by the principles of robustness and replicability and took into account data availability and nature using Bayesian Networks. It is found that WSS access is strongly associated to country development (+35 % probability change) that is first sensitive, as expected, to the income level. The urbanisation level is the second strong factor associated to development with the limit of slums development. Health care and advanced governance complete these key factors. Lastly, WSS is sensitive to ODA CI where high-level ODA is estimate to benefit first to poor (45%) and middle (34%) development countries at 79% probability. This modelling allowed, in addition, running probabilistic scenarios to test hypotheses and measure the probable changes on WSS and the development. The methodological process, the outputs of multivariate analysis, the five countries profiles, the Bayesian modelling as well as examples of scenarios are described and analysed. The reference date is first 2004. The analytical and modelling process is then applied to the 2000-2008 period.

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Soldevilla, Urquiaga Cesar Augusto, and Bellido Jhon Amstrong Rodriguez. "Análisis correlacional entre las variables gestión de personas y desempeño laboral en el personal administrativo de un call center." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653118.

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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la gestión de personas y el desempeño laboral en el personal administrativo de un Call Center de Lima. La población estuvo conformada por los trabajadores administrativos de una empresa de Call Center de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 53 trabajadores administrativos de dicha empresa dedicada a brindar servicios de Call Center. La metodología de investigación consistió en una investigación de tipo aplicada de diseño descriptivo correlacional y corte transeccional. Se emplearon como instrumentos de recolección de datos dos escalas construidas por los autores para determinar los niveles de Gestión de personas y de Desempeño Laboral. Los resultados de la investigación demostraron que existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre Gestión de personas y el Desempeño Laboral en el personal administrativo de un Call Center de Lima.
This research has the general objective of determining the relationship between people management and job performance in the administrative staff of a Call Center in Lima. The population was made up of administrative workers from a Call Center company in Metropolitan Lima. The sample was made up of 53 administrative workers from said company dedicated to providing Call Center services. The research methodology consisted of an applied type research with a correlational descriptive design and a transeccional cut. Two scales constructed by the authors were used as data collection instruments to determine the levels of People Management and job performance. The research results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between People Management and job performance in the administrative staff of a Call Center in Lima.
Tesis

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Jimenez, Jaime E. "Nest Success of Dabbling Ducks in a Human-Mod ified Prairie : Effects of Predation and Habitat Variables at Different Spatial Scales." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6569.

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Nest success of dabbling ducks in the Prairie Pothole region of North America has been declining for the past 40 years in parallel with declines in duck populations. Low nest success seems to result from the combination of an extremely fragmented breeding ground in a human-dominated landscape with an abundant and expanding ii community of generalist nest predators. Studies that examined variables associated with nest vulnerability to predation have produced contradictory results, likely because of simplistic approaches, lack of spatio-temporal replication, use of artificial nests , and the effect of confounding variables. I attempted to clarify the equivocal findings of previous studies by using multiple regression to simultaneously examine the effect of several variables purportedly related to nest predation risk. I collected data on >1,800 dabbling duck nests and associated variables for 16 habitat patches (14 managed for duck production) during two nesting seasons in North Dakota. At the habitat patch level, early and late in each breeding season, I studied the relationship of nest success and upland area, nest density, predator abundance and richness, abundance of alternative prey for predators, and visual and physical obstruction provided by the vegetation . At the spatial scale of the nest and its neighborhood, I examined the likelihood of nest predation in association to nest initiation date, year, distance from nest to a wetland and to an edge, vegetation type at the nest, visual obstruction and heterogeneity of the vegetation around the nest, duck nest species , predator abundance, and presence/absence of 5 carnivorous predators at the nest habitat patch. Nest success was generally low and highly variable in time, and among and within habitat patches. I found no relationship between nest success and any of the variables measured at the patch scale. At the nest level, only initiation date, distance to water, visual obstruction, predator abundance, and duck species had an effect. High variability in the data and the lack of patterns in the relationship of nest predation and the predictor variables precluded me from building a predictive model that explains nest success. Nest success could not be predicted, predation was incidental and risk was high, and there were no safe nest sites for hens to choose in a landscape swamped by nest predators . Nests were located randomly; therefore, there were no clues predators could use to enhance their success in finding nests.

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Chahboun, Siham. "Comparaison des régions variables des anticorps de macaques (Macaca fascicularis) et de l' Homme et leurs utilisation pour la neutralisation des toxines botuliques A et B." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV022.

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Notre laboratoire a développé une stratégie d'isolement de fragments d'anticorps recombinants à partir de primates non humains (Macaca fascicularis) immunisés, en utilisant la technologie des phages. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une comparaison des séquences d'anticorps de macaques (Macaca Mulatta) et d'anticorps humains a toutefois montré que les anticorps des deux espèces présentent des différences qui rendent souhaitable une étape d'humanisation des anticorps de macaques. Cette stratégie a été utilisée dans le cadre du projet Européen AntiBotABE (www.antibotabe.com) et l'étape de criblage a été adaptée pour isoler des scFv neutralisant de façon croisée les toxines botuliques BoNT/B des sous-types B1 et B2, en utilisant séquentiellement l'holotoxine BoNT/B1 et un fragment recombinant représentant la région C-terminale de la chaîne lourde de BoNT/B2. Le meilleur scFv ciblant les régions C-terminales des chaînes lourdes de BoNT/B1 et BoNT/B2, B2-7, a montré une bonne capacité de neutralisation de BoNT/B1 et BoNT/B2 dans le test ex vivo de paralysie hémidiaphragmatique. Les régions charpentes du scFv B2-7 ont un pourcentage d'identité élevé (80 %) avec leurs homologues humains. Des scFv neutralisant BoNT/A1 en ciblant sa chaîne légère ont aussi été isolés, dont le scFv le plus efficace, 2H8, induit une diminution de 50% de l'activité endopeptidasique à une concentration correspondant à un rapport molaire 2H8/BoNT/A1 de 64000. Les régions charpentes de 2H8 ont également un pourcentage d'identité élevée (88%) avec leurs homologues humains. La versatilité de cette stratégie en fait un outil permettant l'isolement de nombreux autres fragments d'anticorps à visée thérapeutique
Our laboratory has developed a strategy to isolate recombinant antibody fragments technology from immunized non human primates (Macaca fascicularis) by phage display. In the course of the present thesis, a comparison between macaque (Macaca mulatta) and human antibody sequences has demonstrated that antibodies of the two species are different. This difference makes the humanization of macaque antibodies desirable. The strategy was used in the framework of the European AntiBotABE project, and the screening was adapted to isolate antibody fragments cross neutralizing the B1 and B2 subtypes of botulinum B neurotoxin, by using sequentially the holotoxin BoNT/B1 and a recombinant fragment representing the C-terminal region of the heavy chain of BoNTB2. The best scFv targeting the C-terminal region of BoNT/B1 and BoNTB2 heavy chains, B2-7, demonstrated a high capacity to neutralize BoNT/B1 and BoNT/B2 in the ex vivo hemidiaphragmatic assay. A high identity (80%) between the framework regions of B2-7 and their human homologs was observed. ScFvs neutralizing BoNT/A1 by targeting its light chain were also isolated and among them, the scFv 2H8 induced a decrease of 50% in the endopeptidase activity at a concentration corresponding to a molar ratio of 2H8/BoNT/A1 of 64000. A high identity (88%) between the framework regions of 2H8 and their human homologs was also observed. Our strategy can be used to isolate other therapeutic antibody fragments

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Nadler, Kyle. "Predicting Human Caused Fires : A GIS Analysis of Socioeconomic Variables and Wildfire Ignition in the Cranbrook Fire Zone, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8311.

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Wildfire is a naturally occurring process that regenerates vegetation in forests. However, these fire regimes are becoming increasingly altered by human beings. This study attempts to predict the risk of human caused forest fire incidents in the Cranbrook Fire Zone in British Columbia, Canada. A multi-criteria analysis using 16 spatial and socioeconomic variables was developed to produce three separate outputs, each having a different weighting and ranking scheme derived from either The Rank Method, or AHP Method. Results were compared with point locations of human caused incidents from 1950 to 2008 and the accuracy of the model is very promising; however, further study and analysis is required for true validation.

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Mann, Sarina N., and Sarina N. Mann. "Assessing the Habitat of Coccidioides Posadasii, the Valley Fever Pathogen: A Study of Environmental Variables and Human Incidence Data in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626392.

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Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley Fever, is an infectious disease caused by inhalation of soil-dwelling fungus Coccidioides posadasii spores in the Lower Sonoran Life Zone (LSLZ) in Arizona. In the context of climate change, the habitat of environmentally-mediated infectious diseases, such as Valley Fever, are expected to change. Connections have been drawn between climate and Valley Fever infection. The operational scale of the organism is still unknown. Here, we use climatic variables, including precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature. We use PRISM precipitation and temperature data, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a measure of soil moisture for the entire state of Arizona, divided into 126 primary care areas (PCA). These data are analyzed and regressed with Valley Fever incidence to determine the effects of climatic variability on disease distribution and timing. This study confirms that Valley Fever occurrence is clustered in the LSLZ. Seasonal Valley Fever outbreak was found to be variable year-to-year based on climatic variability. The inconclusive regression analyses indicate that the operational scale of Coccidioides is smaller than the PCA region. All variables are related to Valley Fever infection, but one variable was not found to hold more predictive power than others.

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Phillips, Matthew. "An Analysis of the Variables in Implementation of the Marzano Causal Teacher Evaluation System in the State of Florida." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6340.

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This was a non-experimental, mixed methods study to research the different ways in which the Marzano casual teacher evaluation system was implemented in 25 school districts in the state of Florida during the 2012-2013 school year. Based on seven implementation variables, the teacher evaluation systems were compared to the implementation model and research-based best practice. The researcher then sought to determine what relationships may or may not exist in teacher performance ratings between districts that followed the research-based implementation model and districts that did not. Two stated purposes of the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system were to improve the accuracy of teacher performance ratings and to improve the accuracy of feedback provided to teachers. Variation in implementation may possibly occur among school districts. To date no research has been conducted to analyze how variations in implementation may relate to teacher performance ratings. The purpose of this study was to provide data to support best-practice in the implementation of the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system and to guide instructional leaders on the implementation of this evaluation system. The researcher also sought to ensure the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system provides both accurate teacher feedback and accurate teacher evaluations. Data was collected from the Florida Department of Education published reports and information. School district implementation plans were gathered from state submitted documentation. Implementation plans were analyzed and read. Data was collected on a data collection sheet and then analyzed in SPSS using a crosstab Chi square test to determine if a statistically significant relationships existed between districts that followed the research-based implementation model and districts that did not. It was determined that implementation of the Marzano causal evaluation system varies widely. In six out of the seven implementation variables, it was determined that there were statistically significant relationships in teacher evaluation scores between districts that followed the research-based implementation variables and districts that did not. Further research should include validity and reliability studies on the Marzano causal evaluation system. Research should continue to analyze different ways in which the Marzano causal evaluation system is implemented, and what relationship there is between implementation and teacher performance ratings. Research should be conducted to analyze the effectiveness of feedback provided to teachers through the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system. This research indicates that the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system should be used following research based best-practice and how it is intended to be used. The research in this study shows that when implementation variables are altered in the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system, teacher performance ratings may become inaccurate. Based on misunderstandings of the Marzano causal evaluation system, it is recommended school leaders receive additional training on the understanding and implementation of the Marzano casual teacher evaluation system.
Ed.D.
Doctorate
Teaching, Learning and Leadership
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership; Executive Track

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Klopper, Christopher John. "Variables impacting on the delivery of Music in the learning area Arts and Culture in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08222005-140312/.

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36

Rodriguez, Christophe. "Dynamique adaptative des virus hautement variables à un nouvel environnement réplicatif." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916824.

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La lutte pour les ressources est un phénomène qui a débuté dès l'apparition d'organismes reproductifs et dont la description a été initiée par Malthus puis remarquablement synthétisée et étendue à la biologie sous le terme d'évolution par Darwin en 1859 dans " De l'origine des espèces ". Si le concept est ancien à l'échelle des sciences biologiques, il continue à caractériser des domaines à l'époque insoupçonnés par son auteur tels que la virologie. En effet, les virus hautement variables tels que le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), de l'hépatite B (VHB) et de l'hépatite C (VHC) sont présents sous forme de quasi espèce au sein de leur environnement réplicatif, c'est à dire qu'une multitude de virus génétiquement proche mais distincts coexistent au sein de cet espace qu'ils doivent partager selon les mêmes règles générales que les êtres vivants. Ainsi, lorsque des pressions de sélection s'exercent (immunitaires, antivirales...), une redistribution des variants majoritaires est observé au bénéfice de variants minoritaires mieux adaptés à cet environnement changeant. La modélisation mathématique et informatique de la capacité mutationnelle et la dynamique d'adaptation des variants minoritaires au travers de 6 études de cohortes de patients infectés, par la technique ultra-sensible de pyroséquençage haut débit associée à des logiciels originaux ont permis de mettre en évidence, caractériser et évaluer l'impact de marqueurs diagnostics permettant de prédire la résistance aux antiviraux mais aussi de caractériser de nouvelles cibles antivirales.

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Said, Maryam Darwesh. "Epidemic cholera in KwaZulu-Natal the role of the natural and social environment /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12082006-124732.

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Lessa, Isadora Cristina Motta. "Os mamíferos de médio porte e suas respostas à fatores ambientais, físicos e antrópicos, sobre diferentes perspectivas, no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3634.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A variação espacial das características bióticas e abióticas de um ambiente influencia na distribuição de médios mamíferos, sobre diferentes escalas. O Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande (PEIG) possui ambiente bastante heterogêneo e abriga uma mastofauna de médio porte ainda pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito das variáveis físicas, do micro-habitat, da estrutura da vegetação e dos impactos antrópicos na comunidade e nas espécies de mamíferos de médio porte do PEIG. O registro das espécies foi por armadilhas fotográficas e as variáveis do ambiente mensuradas por diferentes métodos nas 49 estações de câmeras. Com os resultados desse estudo inferimos que a riqueza de nove espécies de mamíferos de médio porte nativos, corresponde a esperada para um ambiente insular. As espécies mais abundantes foram Dasyprocta leporina, Agouti paca, Dasypus novemcinctus e Didelphis aurita, a mais rara foi o Leopardus wiedii. A composição da mastofauna difere entre as vertentes norte e sul da Ilha Grande (ANOVA, p=0,01). O maior número de indivíduos foi registrado na vertente sul, onde há o efeito da variação da altitude, menor variação do micro-habitat e menor densidade da população humana. Contudo a estrutura da vegetação não difere entre as vertentes e não afeta as espécies mais abundantes. Essas espécies são sensíveis às variáveis físicas. Há impacto da densidade populacional nas vilas sobre a composição e abundância das espécies de médios mamíferos, apesar da caça não ter efeito nas áreas amostradas. Os mamíferos de médio porte são sensíveis às variáveis de maior escala e podem ter sua comunidade estruturada em função do impacto antrópico. A complexidade de habitat e o controle de habitantes no PEIG são importante para manter a comunidade de mamíferos de médio porte.
The spatial variation of the biotic and abiotic characteristics of environment affects the mammals distributions on different scales. The State Park of Ilha Grande (PEIG) has heterogeneous habitats by diverse vegetation and is home to mediumsized mammals, but they still few studied. Our goals in this study are to evaluate the effect of variables physical, micro-habitat, vegetation structure and human impacts on the mammals community and species. The record of the species was by camera- traps and the environmental variables measured by different methods in 49 camera stations. The results of this study inferred that the richness of nine species of native medium size mammals corresponds to an island environment expected. The most abundant species were Dasyprocta leporina, Agouti paca, Dasypus novemcinctus and Didelphis aurita, the rarest was the Leopardus wiedii. The mammal fauna composition differs between the northern and southern slopes of the Ilha Grande (ANOVA, p = 0.01). The most of individuals was recorded on the southern slope, where there is the effect of variation in altitude, the lower variation of micro-habitat and lower human population density. However the vegetation structure does not differ between the slopes and does not affect the most abundant species. These species are sensitive to physical variables. There is an impact on the composition and abundance of species of mammals by human population density in the villages on, despite the hunt wasnt effective in the sampled areas. The medium-sized mammals are sensitive to larger-scale variables and may have structured their community due to the impact of human activity. The complexity of habitat and population control in PEIG is important to keep the community of medium-sized mammals.

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Perrone, bertolotti Marcela. "Spécialisation hémisphérique et cartographie du langage chez le sujet sain et les patients épileptiques : effet des variables inter- et intra-individuelles. Evaluation comportementale, neuropsychologique et neurophysiologique (IRM fonctionnelle)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716387.

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Le but de ce travail est d'identifier l'effet de certaines caractéristiques liée aux individus et aux paradigmes expérimentaux sur l'organisation inter-hémisphérique (spécialisation hémisphérique) et intra-hémisphérique (cartographie fonctionnelle) du langage, (a) en condition physiologique chez les sujets sains et (b) en condition pathologique chez des patients présentant une épilepsie focale et pharmaco-résistante. Pour aborder cette question, une approche méthodologique expérimentale pluridisciplinaire a été utilisée. Plus spécifiquement nous avons évalué l'effet des variables inter-individuelles (sexe, préférence manuelle, et caractéristiques pathologiques) et intra-individuelles (opération linguistique, tâche, type de stimuli) sur l'organisation cérébrale du langage. L'un des objectifs de ce travail est de corroborer les données issues de différentes méthodes pour mettre en place un modèle de représentation et de réorganisation langagière, en fonction des facteurs considérés. Un second objectif de ce travail est de proposer aux cliniciens des outils permettant de quantifier la spécialisation hémisphérique chez les patients épileptiques. Nos résultats chez les sujets sains mettent en évidence une interaction entre les variables inter- et intra-individuelles sur le degré de spécialisation hémisphérique et sur la cartographie fonctionnelle du langage. Chez les patients épileptiques, nos résultats préliminaires permettent de mettre en relation les patterns de réorganisation cérébrale et les variables évaluées. L'ensemble de nos résultats montre que la neuropsychologie cognitive et la neuroimagerie fonctionnelle apportent des informations complémentaires nous permettant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'organisation et réorganisation cérébrale. Mots clés : langage, spécialisation, hémisphère, champ visuel divisé, IRMf, phonologie, sémantique, prosodie, sexe, sain, épileptique, plasticité, réorganisation.

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FUENTES, Eduardo Vetromilla. "Efeito da heterogeneidade de habitats sobre o fitoplâncton no reservatório de Moxotó, Rio São Francisco,Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4776.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Given the multiplicity of uses to which reservoirs are generally subjected, it is expected to find different conditions of composition, density and biomass of phytoplankton, due to possible spatial and seasonal variations of limnological conditions and land uses in the basin. Aiming to know the structure of phytoplankton and its variation in function of spatial heterogeneity in Moxotó Reservoir, located in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, samples were analyzed in two periods, rainy (June 2009) and dry (December 2009). Samples were collected at a station in body (dam upstream) and at five in arms representing several human activities (aquaculture, agriculture, urban settlement, landfill and without punctual activity). Limnological variables, richness, density and biomass of phytoplankton were analyzed. Abundance/biomass comparison curves (ABC) were used to analyze phytoplankton structure. Algae diversity between periods and samples was estimated by cluster analysis, using species presence/absence data. Samples were ordinate (NMDS) by abundance and biomass of phytoplankton descriptor species. The relation between phytoplankton and limnological data was accessed by Pearson’s univariate correlation and BIOENV multivariate analysis. The reservoir presented regulated flow, short theoretical retention time (<7 days) and high water transparency (median zEUF: zMAX = 1.0). Phytoplankton biomass was consistent with low-productive systems (median = 0.9 mg L-1), limited mainly by phosphorus in rainy period (median SRP = 8.4 μg L-1), and nitrogen in dry period (median DIN = 36.5 μg L-1). Phytoplankton composition showed marked seasonality, especially for diatoms, with main contributions of planktonic in rainy period and typically periphytic in dry period. Under limitation by SRP and DIN, organisms adapted to mixotrophy (dinoflagellates and euglenoids) reached higher biomass. In contrast, nanoplanktonic organisms (chlorophytes and cryptophytes) were dominant in conditions of high nutrient availability. The studied sites showed three distinct environments: body, arms with submerged macrophytes and arms under influence of tributaries. Among human activities observed, agriculture was considered the most striking in relation to eutrophication. Moreover, proliferation of submerged macrophytes in arms can cause impairment for multiple uses, despite apparent benefits on water quality (increased transparency). Human activities, presence of submerged macrophytes and retention time influenced the availability of resources, being considered the driving forces of phytoplankton structure.
Em vista da multiplicidade de usos à qual os reservatórios geralmente estão sujeitos, espera-se encontrar condições diferenciadas quanto à composição, densidade e biomassa fitoplanctônica, em função de possíveis variações espaciais e sazonais das condições limnológicas e de ocupação do solo na bacia. Com o objetivo de conhecer a estrutura fitoplanctônica e sua variação em função da heterogeneidade espacial no reservatório hidrelétrico de Moxotó, situado na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil, foram analisadas amostras em dois períodos sazonais, de chuvas (junho/2009) e de estiagem (dezembro/2009). As coletas foram realizadas em uma estação no corpo central (barragem à montante) e cinco em reentrâncias representativas de diversas atividades antrópicas (piscicultura, agricultura, ocupação urbana, aterro sanitário e sem atividade pontual). Foram analisadas variáveis limnológicas, riqueza, densidade e biomassa fitoplanctônica. Curvas de comparação de abundância e biomassa acumuladas (curvas ABC) foram utilizadas na análise da estrutura do fitoplâncton. A diversidade algal entre períodos e estações foi estimada através de análise de agrupamento, utilizando-se dados de presença/ausência de espécies. As estações foram ordenadas (NMDS) em função da densidade e biomassa de espécies descritoras do fitoplâncton (valores relativos de abundância e/ou biomassa acima de 5%). A relação entre o fitoplâncton e os dados limnológicos foi acessada através de correlação univariada de Pearson e análise multivariada BIOENV. O reservatório apresentou vazão regularizada, tempo teórico de retenção curto (< 7 dias) e transparência da água elevada (mediana zEUF:zMAX = 1,0). A biomassa fitoplanctônica foi compatível com sistemas pouco produtivos (mediana = 0,9 mg L-1), limitadas principalmente por fósforo nas chuvas (mediana SRP = 8,4 μg L-1), e nitrogênio na estiagem (mediana DIN = 36,5 μg L-1). A composição fitoplanctônica apresentou sazonalidade marcante, especialmente para diatomáceas, com maiores participações das planctônicas nas chuvas e das tipicamente perifíticas, na estiagem. Em condições de limitação por SRP e DIN, organismos adaptados a mixotrofia (dinoflagelados e euglenóides) atingiram biomassas mais elevadas. Por outro lado, organismos nanoplanctônicos (clorofíceas e criptofíceas) foram dominantes em condições de disponibilidade de nutrientes. Os locais estudados mostraram a existência de três ambientes distintos, sendo corpo central e reentrâncias com macrófitas submersas e sob influência de tributários. Dentre as atividades antrópicas observadas, a agrícola foi considerada a mais impactante em relação à eutrofização. Por outro lado, a proliferação de macrófitas submersas em reentrâncias pode ocasionar o comprometimento destes locais para fins de usos múltiplos, apesar dos aparentes benefícios para a qualidade da água (aumento da transparência). Atividades antrópicas, presença de macrófitas submersas e tempo de retenção influenciaram a disponibilidade de recursos, sendo consideradas os fatores direcionadores da estrutura do fitoplâncton.

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Gardier, Stéphany. "Gènes codant pour le Récepteur de Type 1 à l'Angiotensine II (AGTR1) et pour l'Aldostérone Synthase (CYP11B2) : Hypertension Artérielle et Variables de Retentissement Cardiovasculaire chez l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267989.

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L'implication du système rénine-angiotensine aldostérone (SRAA) dans le déterminisme génétique de l'hypertension artérielle (HTA) et de son retentissement cardiovasculaire, chez des hypertendus hospitalisés, a été explorée selon deux approches : i) l'étude d'une forme monogénique d'HTA, l'hyperaldostéronisme sensible à la dexaméthasone (HSD), ii) des études d'association concernant les gènes AGTR1 et CYP11B2, codant pour le récepteur de type 1 à l'angiotensine II, et pour l'aldostérone synthase. Ce travail a permis d'identifier trois patients, apparentés, porteurs du gène de l'HSD, et a confirmé l'intérêt d'un diagnostic précoce de cette maladie. Nos résultats ont par ailleurs montré que l'allèle A du polymorphisme A1166C du gène AGTR1 est associé à une augmentation de la rigidité artérielle, et que le polymorphisme –344 C/T du gène CYP11B2 influence le déterminisme de l'index de masse ventriculaire gauche, soulignant le rôle majeur des gènes du SRAA dans le remodelage cardiovasculaire.

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Petersen, Bernice. "The relationship between organisational commitment, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions at a retail organisation." University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8458.

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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)
The South African employment industry is facing exhaustion as the demand for talented workers is higher than supply (Bakos, 2005) and it has become imperative that the employer no longer simply focus on the commitment of employees, but more so on the extra efforts that are exerted by these employees in order to ensure their sustainability (Netswera, Rankhumise & Mavundla, 2005). Extensive research has been conducted on organisational commitment because of its importance in predicting individuals' behaviour outcomes such as absenteeism and turnover (Popoola, 2005). Findings of studies conducted by Bolon (1997) and Maharaj (2006) indicate that there is a positive relationship between organisational commitment (OC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Bolino and Turnley (2003) posit that it is important for organisations and managers to have a better understanding of the factors that make employees willing to go the extra mile in order to enhance organisational performance and sustain a competitive edge. The alms of the study are to investigate the relationship between organisational commitment, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions. Furthermore, it also investigated the relationship between biographical variables (namely, gender, age, tenure and race) and organisational commitment as well as that of organisational citizenship of human resource professionals A sample of 138 human resource professionals employed at a retail organisation completed a self-developed biographical questionnaire, the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire, the Citizenship Behaviour Questionnaire and the Turnover Intention Questionnaire. Results of the study indicate the existence of a significant relationship between organisational commitment and organisational citizenship and turnover intentions for human resource professionals. The statistical analysis suggests that organisational commitment has a significant relationship with organisational citizenship, whilst turnover intentions did not have a significant impact on organisational commitment. The biographical variables (namely, gender, age, tenure and race) appear to have a significant impact on organisational commitment, with gender having the strongest relationship with organisational commitment. The biographical variables (namely, gender, age, tenure and race) appear to have a significant impact on organisational citizenship behaviour, whilst race appeared to be unrelated to citizenship behaviour. Previous studies were reviewed to support the findings of the current study. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were put forth in addition to recommendations for the organisation.

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Niquito, Thais Waideman. "Ensaios em desenvolvimento econômico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132953.

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Esta tese é composta por três ensaios em desenvolvimento econômico. O primeiro deles investiga as causas das desigualdades regionais existentes ao longo do território nacional através da análise dos impactos que o capital humano e as instituições exercem sobre os diferenciais observados nos níveis de renda domiciliar per capita média entre os municípios brasileiros. Tendo em vista a endogeneidade existente entre as variáveis explicativas e a variável explicada, foram empregados instrumentos para o capital humano e para as instituições. O capital humano foi tratado tanto de forma quantitativa quanto qualitativa, sendo instrumentalizado através da razão entre o número de professores no ensino fundamental e de pessoas entre seis e quinze anos no primeiro caso e através da razão entre o número de matrículas no ensino fundamental e de pessoas entre seis e quinze anos no segundo caso. A qualidade institucional, por sua vez, foi instrumentalizada através da proporção de pretos e pardos na população em 1872. Os resultados indicam que o retorno da qualidade institucional sobre a renda dos municípios é maior do que o observado para o capital humano, estando próximo aos resultados obtidos por Acemoglu, Gallego e Robinson (2014). Estas evidências são estáveis às diversas especificações e testes de robustez.Já o segundo ensaio investigou os efeitos da participação do setor público no emprego sobre o mercado de trabalho dos municípios brasileiros, o que foi feito a partir da avaliação de seu impacto sobre a duração da jornada de trabalho contratual semanal, a rotatividade da mão de obra, o grau de empreendedorismo da população, o nível de qualificação dos trabalhadores, a produtividade e a capacidade inovadora das localidades. As estratégias empíricas empregadas foram a estimação de um modelo com dados em painel e efeitos fixos e a estimação de um modelo com dados em corte transversal e variáveis instrumentais. No segundo caso, os instrumentos empregados para a participação do setor público no mercado de trabalho foram o fato de os municípios terem pertencido aos grandes ciclos coloniais (cana e/ou ouro), ou se localizarem próximo àqueles que pertenceram. As evidências empíricas indicam que o tamanho do mercado de trabalho do setor público tem impacto negativo sobre as jornadas de trabalho contratuais semanais, sobre a capacidade de o município desenvolver inovações e sobre a produtividade do trabalho. Por outro lado, o impacto sobre a rotatividade da mão de obra é positivo. Os resultados não foram robustos para a investigação dos impactos sobre o nível de qualificação dos trabalhadores e a capacidade empreendedora do município.Por fim, o terceiro ensaio investigou o impacto que a criação das novas universidades federais, ocorrida durante a década passada e focada em municípios situados no interior do País, teve sobre a renda per capita das economias locais. O estudo desenvolvido por Vinhais (2013) trata dessa questão a partir da estimação de um modelo de Diferenças-em-Diferenças com Pareamento por Escore de Propensão, através do qual encontra um efeito positivo de 3,3%. Entretanto, tal estratégia não leva em consideração os potenciais efeitos que a criação de um novo campus de uma universidade federal em um determinado município tem sobre as localidades que deste se avizinham. Com vistas a acomodar uma possível situação de equilíbrio geral, o terceiro ensaio aborda esta problemática a partir de um modelo de Diferenças-em-Diferenças com variável de tratamento contínuo. Neste, a variável de tratamento, ao invés de assumir caráter binário, é construída a partir de uma função que seja capaz de capturar os efeitos de transbordamento que a criação de novos campi em um determinado município possa ter tido sobre os municípios vizinhos. Com base nesta estratégia empírica, o impacto estimado foi de 4,52%, maior, portanto, do que o obtido na estimativa de Vinhais (2013). O estudo também mostrou que municípios de menor porte tendem a ser mais afetados pela criação de um novo campus (impacto de 5,6%). Por fim, foram realizados dois testes de falsificação, a partir dos quais se observou que os resultados aqui encontrados são robustos.
The present thesis is a collection of three essays in economic development. The first essay investigates the causes of regional inequalities by analyzing human capital and institutions impacts over differences in the mean of per capita household income among Brazilian municipalities. Human capital and institutions required the use of instruments, due to its endogeneity with the explained variable. Human capital was treated both quantitatively and qualitatively; the former was instrumentalized by the ratio of the number of basic educational level’s teachers and the number of people between six and fifteen years old enrolled at that level, and latter one by the ratio of the number of enrollments at basic educational level’s and the number of people between six and fifteen years old. For the institutional quality the instrument employed was the participation of blacks and “pardos” (individuals decendent of caucasian, african and indian ethinies) in population at the year 1872. Results showed that the return of institutional quality on the municipalities’ income is higher than the return observed for human capital, in close comparison to the results found in Acemoglu, Gallego and Robinson (2014). Evidences are stable to different model specifications and robustness tests.The second essay investigated the effects of the size of public sector at the Labor Markets of Brazilian municipalities. The impact of public sector was measured over the duration of weekly work hours contracts, labor turn-over, the number of people working at small businesses, labor qualification level, productivity and municipalities’ capacity to generate innovations. The essay shows the estimation of two models in order to empirically evaluate those impacts: one with panel data and fixed effects, and another with cross-section data and instrumental variables. In the latter model, the instruments to assess the participation of public sector in Labor Market were whether the municipality was part of the great colonial economic cycles in Brazil (sugarcane and gold), or was close to a municipality that was part of those cycles. Empirical evidence suggested that the size of public sector affects negatively the duration of weekly work hours contracts, municipality’s capacity to generate innovations and labor productivity. On the other hand, the impact on labor turn-over is positive. The results, however, were not robust regarding impacts over labor qualification level and the number of people working at small businesses.Finally, the third essay investigated the impacts of the opening of new federal government universities in Brazilian countryside municipalities over the per capita income of these local economies during the last decade. Vinhas (2013) estimates a model based on Differences-in-Differences method with Matching by Propensity Score to address this problem, and found a positive effect of 3,3%. However, such a strategy did not take into account potential effects of a new campus across neighboring municipalities. Therefore, to capture possible General Equilibrium effects, this third essay uses a Differences-in-Differences method with a continuous treatment variable. This variable is built from a function able to capture spillover effects of new campus in neighboring municipalities, instead of assuming a binary form. This empirical strategy resulted in an estimated positive effect of 4,52%, higher than the one found in Vinhais (2013). Results also showed that small municipalities might suffer higher effects with the creation of a new campus (a positive effect of 5,6%). Over more, the essay presents two falsification tests, both attesting the robustness of the results.

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Timmis, Matthew A. "Visuomotor control of step descent : the importance of visual information from the lower visual field in regulating landing control : when descending a step from a stationary standing position or during on-going gait, is online visual information from the lower visual field important in regulating prelanding kinematic and landing mechanic variables?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4439.

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The majority of previous research investigating the role of vision in controlling adaptive gait has predominantly focused on over-ground walking or obstacle negotiation. Thus there is a paucity of literature investigating visuomotor control of step descent. This thesis addressed the importance of the lower visual field (lvf) in regulating step descent landing control, and determined when visual feedback is typically used in regulating landing control prior to/during step descent. When step descents were completed from a stationary starting position, with the lvf occluded or degraded, participants adapted their stepping strategy in a manner consistent with being uncertain regarding the precise location of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor. However, these changes in landing control under conditions of lvf occlusion were made without fundamentally altering stepping strategy. This suggests that participants were able to plan the general stepping strategy when only upper visual field cues were available. When lvf was occluded from either 2 or 1 step(s) prior to descending a step during on-going gait, stepping strategy was only affected when the lvf was occluded in the penultimate step. Findings suggest that lvf cues are acquired in the penultimate step/few seconds prior to descent and provide exproprioceptive information of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor which ensures landing is regulated with increased certainty. Findings also highlight the subtle role of online vision used in the latter portion of step descent to 'fine tune' landing control.

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Phillips, John Michael. "Variable Strategy Model of the Human Operator." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28496.

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Human operators often employ discontinuous or "bang-bang" control strategies when performing large-amplitude acquisition tasks. The current study applies Variable Structure Control (VSC) techniques to model human operator behavior during acquisition tasks. The result is a coupled, multi-input model replicating the discontinuous control strategy. In the VSC formulation, a switching surface is the mathematical representation of the operator's control strategy. The performance of the Variable Strategy Model (VSM) is evaluated by considering several examples, including the longitudinal control of an aircraft during the visual landing task. The aircraft landing task becomes an acquisition maneuver whenever large initial offsets occur. Several different strategies are explored in the VSM formulation for the aircraft landing task. First, a switching surface is constructed from literal interpretations of pilot training literature. This approach yields a mathematical representation of how a pilot is trained to fly a generic aircraft. This switching surface is shown to bound the trajectory response of a group of pilots performing an offset landing task in an aircraft simulator study. Next, front-side and back-side landing strategies are compared. A back-side landing strategy is found to be capable of landing an aircraft flying on either the front side or back side of the power curve. However, the front-side landing strategy is found to be insufficient for landing an aircraft flying on the back side. Finally, a more refined landing strategy is developed that takes into the account the specific aircraft's dynamic characteristics. The refined strategy is translated back into terminology similar to the existing pilot training literature.
Ph. D.

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Vorspan, Florence. "Mise au point de mesures de variables intermédiaires pour les essais cliniques dans la dépendance à la cocaïne : craving et symptômes psychotiques." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744102.

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La dépendance à la cocaïne est un problème de santé publique d'importance croissante. Il n'existe pas actuellement de traitement pharmacologique validé dans la dépendance à la cocaïne. Les essais thérapeutiques nécessitent une méthodologie qui permette d'évaluer l'efficacité des médicaments employés. Il n'existait pas à ce jour de mesure d'efficacité des traitements pharmacologiques dans la dépendance à la cocaïne validée en français. Nous avons mis au point et validé des questionnaires pouvant servir de mesures intermédiaires d'efficacité pour les essais pharmacologiques dans la dépendance à la cocaïne. Nous avons choisi de nous intéresser à deux types de variables intermédiaires : le craving et les symptômes psychotiques. Le craving est le besoin impérieux de reconsommer une drogue. Ce concept psychologique est un marqueur de dépendance. Nous avons conçu un questionnaire de craving en langue française : l'OCCS (Obsessive Compulsive Cocaïne Scale), en nous basant sur les travaux de plusieurs équipes travaillant dans le domaine de la dépendance à l'alcool. Nous avons validé ce questionnaire sur une population de 119 sujets cocaïnomanes suivis en centre de soins (Vorspan et al 2012). Nous avons notamment montré que les scores à ce questionnaire étaient corrélés à une mesure de craving par échelle visuelle analogique, étaient supérieurs chez les sujets dépendants par rapport aux sujets abuseurs de cocaïne, et étaient sensible au changement. Nous avons déjà utilisé le questionnaire de craving OCCS dans un essai thérapeutique en ouvert d'aripiprazole chez 10 patients dépendants du crack non schizophrènes (Vorspan et al 2008). Nous proposons également de l'utiliser pour évaluer l'efficacité d'interventions non pharmacologiques dans la dépendance à la cocaïne, comme la stimulation cérébrale profonde (Vorspan et al 2011), ou des interventions psychothérapeutiques. Les symptômes psychotiques se composent de différentes manifestations (hallucinations, idées délirantes et modifications comportementales). Nous avons choisi d'adapter en français un questionnaire évaluant les symptômes psychotiques transitoires survenant dans les quelques minutes à quelques heures suivant une consommation de cocaïne : le SAPS-CIP (Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms for Cocaine-Induced Psychosis). Nous avons montré que ces symptômes sont fréquents mais d'intensité variable dans une population de patients cocaïnomanes suivis en centre de soins (Vorspan et al, soumis), et qu'ils étaient sensibles au changement (Vorspan et al 2011). Il existe des hypothèses de vulnérabilité génétique à la survenue des symptômes psychotiques lors de l'usage de cocaïne. La vulnérabilité à cette complication pourrait être un facteur de protection vis-à-vis de l'acquisition d'une dépendance à la cocaïne (Brousse et al 2010). La mesure des symptômes psychotiques survenant lors de l'usage de drogue permet de modéliser une vulnérabilité pharmacogénétique vis-à-vis des addictions. Nous proposons d'utiliser ces deux mesures (OCCS pour le craving et SAPS-CIP pour les symptômes psychotiques) dans les essais thérapeutiques dans la dépendance à la cocaïne. En effet, il paraît pertinent, au regard des particularités cliniques de la dépendance à la cocaïne, de viser une réduction ou une disparition de ces deux ordres de symptômes. Une diminution du craving pourrait constituer une variable intermédiaire de l'objectif final d'obtenir une abstinence de la drogue. Une diminution des symptômes psychotiques pourrait constituer un moyen de réduction de la morbi-mortalité liée à l'usage de cocaïne.

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Badre, Lara. "Les déterminants de la migration des compétences au Liban." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB172.

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Cette thèse porte sur les déterminants de la migration des compétences au Liban, dont l'objet principal est l'identification des facteurs et des risques associés à la migration chez les individus hautement qualifiés. La problématique se résume par la question suivante : À formation universitaire égale, quel diplômé devient-il migrant ? Afin de combler le manque de données sur le sujet, nous avons réalisé une enquête (en ligne) auprès des diplômés de la Lebanese American University et de l'Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik, au Liban. Ces diplômés forment une pluralité et une mixité culturelle, linguistique et socio-économique représentatives des étudiants du Liban. L'objectif de l'enquête était de comparer les similarités et de contraster les différences entre des diplômés migrants et non-migrants, afin de comprendre les logiques différenciées de leurs comportements migratoires. Au début, nous avons effectué une segmentation des diplômés pour les répartir en sous-groupes en fonction de leur statut migratoire, ce qui nous a permis d'identifier et de comprendre les logiques différenciées de leurs comportements migratoires. L'analyse descriptive des résultats de l'enquête révèle des différences en termes de caractéristiques démographiques, économiques et familiales entre diplômés migrants et non-migrants, mais un peu moins de divergences en ce qui concerne leurs parcours universitaires et le domaine des études. À partir de la modélisation, nous avons démontré comment le risque de migrer à l'étranger peut être déterminé par certains facteurs individuels et familiaux, mais surtout en fonction du temps, c'est-à-dire en fonction de la durée depuis l'obtention du diplôme universitaire le plus élevé. Nous démontrons ainsi que, même à formation universitaire égale, le capital humain et le capital social peuvent engendrer des migrations internationales parmi des diplômés ayant effectué un même parcours universitaire et ayant vécu les mêmes conditions socio-économiques au Liban. Nous examinons également des obstacles qui freinent la migration des compétences, pour finalement analyser brièvement les facteurs qui déterminent la migration de retour au Liban. Sur la base de ces conclusions, nous confirmons que nous avons vérifié nos hypothèses par les faits qui se basent sur les résultats de notre enquête. Malgré la difficulté relative à l'étude des migrations internationales en générale et à l'utilisation de la technique de l'enquête en ligne, nous avons réussi à obtenir des résultats très intéressants, que nous avons comparés à des données disponibles sur la migration des compétences au Liban et à l'échelle globale
This thesis focuses on the determinants of the highly skilled migration in Lebanon whose main purpose is to identify factors and risks associated with migration among highly skilled graduates. The research problem is summarized in the following main question: Given equal level of education, which graduate becomes a migrant? To address the lack of data on this particular topic, we conducted a (online) survey on graduates from the Lebanese American University and the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik in Lebanon. Graduates from both universities form diverse cultural, linguistic and socioeconomic characteristics that are representative of Lebanese graduates in general. The aim of the survey was to compare similarities and contrast differences between migrant and non-migrant graduates in order to understand their diverse behavior with regard to migration. Based on survey results, we carried out a segmentation of graduates and divided them into sub-groups based on their migration status allowing us to understand their behavior with regard to migration. The descriptive analysis of the survey results reveals differences in demographic, economic and family characteristics between migrant and non-migrant graduates, but little divergence were found regarding their university studies and the field of education. We also modeled a number of risks associated with migration and we demonstrated that the risk of migrating could be determined by a number of individual and family factors, but mainly over time, i.e. the time since graduation with the highest university degree. We also demonstrate that even at equal level of education, human capital and social capital can determine international migration among graduates who have obtained the same level of education and experienced the same socio-economic conditions in Lebanon. We have also explored barriers that hinder migration among skilled graduates and briefly analyzed the main factors determining their return migration to Lebanon. Based on these findings we confirm that we have validated our assumptions by facts based on survey results. Despite the relative difficulty in the study of international migration in general and the implementation of online surveys, we managed to obtain very interesting results which we also compared to available data on skilled migration in Lebanon and at the global level

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Dangauthier, Pierre-Charles. "Fondations, méthode et applications de l'apprentissage bayésien." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267643.

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Le domaine de l'apprentissage automatique a pour but la création d'agents synthétiques améliorant leurs performances avec l'expérience. Pour pouvoir se perfectionner, ces agents extraient des régularités statistiques de données incertaines et mettent à jour leur modèle du monde. Les probabilités bayésiennes sont un outil rationnel pour répondre à la problématique de l'apprentissage. Cependant, comme ce problème est souvent difficile, des solutions proposant un compromis entre précision et rapidité doivent être mises en oeuvre. Ce travail présente la méthode d'apprentissage bayésien, ses fondations philosophiques et plusieurs applications innovantes. Nous nous intéressons d'abord à des questions d'apprentissage de paramètres. Dans ce cadre nous étudions deux problèmes d'analyse de données à variables cachées. Nous proposons d'abord une méthode bayésienne pour classer les joueurs d'échecs qui améliore sensiblement le système Elo. Le classement produit permet de répondre à des questions intéressantes comme celle de savoir qui fut le meilleur joueur d'échecs de tous les temps. Nous étudions aussi un système de filtrage collaboratif dont le but est de prévoir les goûts cinématographiques d'utilisateurs en fonction de leurs préférences passées. La deuxième partie de notre travail concerne l'apprentissage de modèles. D'abord nous nous intéressons à la sélection de variables pertinentes dans le cadre d'une application robotique. D'un point de vue cognitif, cette sélection permet au robot de transférer ses connaissances d'un domaine sensorimoteur vers un autre. Finalement, nous proposons une méthode permettant de découvrir automatiquement une nouvelle variable cachée afin de mieux modéliser l'environnement d'un robot.

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Lee, Hyunglae. "Quantitative characterization of multi-variable human ankle mechanical impedance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81590.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-230).
Ankle mechanical impedance, which is a dynamic relationship between angular displacement and the corresponding torque at the ankle joint, plays a key role in natural interaction of the lower-extremity with the environment. The human ankle is a biomechanically complex joint consisting of three bones with non-intersecting anatomical axes, and its motions under normal motor control and function are predominantly in multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF). This thesis provides a quantitative characterization of multivariable ankle mechanical impedance of young healthy subjects in two DOF, both in the sagittal and the frontal planes. Multi-variable studies provide several important characteristics of the human ankle, unavailable from single DOF studies, which have mostly been in the sagittal plane. Three characterization methods were developed to study ankle mechanical impedance in different conditions: 1) steady-state static, 2) steady-state dynamic, and 3) transient dynamic. First, steady-state static ankle mechanical impedance, which is a non-linear torque and angle relationship at the ankle, was characterized in two coupled DOFs over the normal range of motion. Robust vector field approximation methods based on thin-plate spline smoothing with generalized cross validation showed that static ankle impedance is highly direction dependent, being weak in the inversion-eversion direction. Activating a single muscle or co-contracting antagonistic muscles significantly increased static ankle impedance in all directions but more in the dorsiflexion-plantarflexion direction than the inversion-eversion. Static ankle behavior in both relaxed and active muscles was close to that of a passive elastic system. Second, steady-state dynamic ankle mechanical impedance was characterized based on linear time-invariant multi-input multi-output stochastic system identification methods. A highly linear relationship between muscle activation and ankle impedance was identified in all movement directions in the sagittal and frontal planes. Furthermore, small coupling between 2 DOF and energetic passivity were observed at different levels of muscle activation and over a wide frequency range. Third, transient dynamic ankle mechanical impedance was characterized during walking on a treadmill, across the gait cycle from the end of stance phase through swing and to early stance phase. Modified linear time-varying ensemble based system identification methods enabled reliable identification of transient behavior of the ankle. In both DOF, damping and stiffness decreased at the end of stance phase before the toe-off, remained relatively constant during the whole swing phase, and substantially increased around the heel-strike. Quantitative characterization of multi-variable ankle mechanical impedance of young healthy subjects will shed light on its roles in lower-extremity motor function. It will serve as a baseline for clinical studies in patients, especially those with neurological disorders, as well as studies of elderly subjects, whose biomechanical and neurological properties may be altered due to impairments and/or aging. Finally, the methods presented in this thesis are intended to be sufficiently general to be applicable to any multi-joint system or single joint having multiple DOF.
by Hyunglae Lee.
Ph.D.

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Rubio, Loyola José. "El consumo como variable de desarrollo humano." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129748.

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Seminario para optar al grado de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía
El objetivo de este trabajo es modificar el Índice de Desarrollo Humano presentado anualmente por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD. Específicamente cambiar la dimensión Ingreso por el Consumo, ambos en términos per cápita. Si bien ambos indicadores se utilizan para cuantificar el bienestar de la población, el ingreso per cápita ha recibido variadas críticas de algunos académicos a la hora de cumplir esta función. Una de las más importantes y la que motiva este trabajo, es que se tiende a extrapolar la diferencia en los ingresos al nivel de vida, cuando investigaciones como la de Anand y Sen (2000b), entre otras, nos indican que la diferencia en ingreso sobreestima la diferencia en bienestar. Para realizar este trabajo se tomó la metodología utilizada por la PNUD para calcular el índice, específicamente la del año 2011 que es cuando se cuenta con la mayor cantidad de datos actualizados. Se procedió a medir el IDH normal y el modificado nombrándolo IDH-C. Si bien ambos indicadores, tanto ingreso como consumo, son correctos a la hora de utilizarlos como una aproximación de bienestar, en este trabajo se obtuvo evidencia que apoya a los investigadores que presentan al consumo como una mejor medida para algunos países, específicamente aquellos que presentan un elevado ingreso pero bajo consumo, y consigo malos resultados en índices sociales como educación y salud, como también la situación inversa.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human variables'

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