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1

Umstätter, Christina. "Tier-Technik-Beziehung bei der automatischen Milchgewinnung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14750.

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Durch die zunehmende Automatisierung der Tierhaltung gewinnt die Tier-Technik-Beziehung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Es besteht ein wachsendes Interesse am Tierverhalten, den Möglichkeiten des Lernens der Tiere und den Anpassungsstrategien. In der Dissertation untersuchte ich die Melk-, und Milchparameter und das Tierverhalten bei der automatischen Milchgewinnung. Die Messungen haben gezeigt, dass auf die Milchabgabe einzelner Individuen und insbesondere auf deren Euterviertel sehr differenziert einzugehen ist. Das Automatische Melksystem (AMS) vermag auf die speziellen Unterschiede der einzelnen Viertel, im Sinne einer verbesserten Tiergerechtheit, Rücksicht zu nehmen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt die Tiergerechtheit zu verbessern ist es, eine zuverlässige Prozesskontrolle durchzuführen. Dazu muss zunächst einmal festgestellt werden, wie sich die natürliche Variationsbreite der einzelnen Parameter darstellt, um pathologisch bedingte Abweichungen signifikant erkennen zu können. Die Gewinnung von verlässlichen Aussagen über den Gesundheitszustand von Kühen im AMS setzen voraus, dass verschiedene interdependente Parameter so verknüpft oder deren Messungen sooft wiederholt werden, bis ein intelligentes Entscheidungssystem seine Schlüsse ziehen kann. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass stark auffällige Werte ein hohes Maß an Information haben, aber eine entsprechend geringe Verlässlichkeit aufweisen. Sich wiederholende Werte haben hingegen einen geringen Informationsgehalt, dafür aber ein hohes Maß an Redundanz bzw. Verlässlichkeit, soweit sie nicht durch systematische Fehler entstehen. Für eine zuverlässige Prozesskontrolle kann es manchmal vorteilhafter sein, eine automatisierte Datengewinnung zu installieren, auch wenn der einzelne Parameter (z. B. die Leitfähigkeit) zwar wenig aussagekräftig, dafür aber die Durchführung deutlich zuverlässiger ist als bei Tests, die von Menschen manuell durchgeführt werden. Ähnliches gilt für die Haltungsumwelt von Tieren. Eine durch Automation dominierte Umwelt kann für Tiere deutlich berechenbarer und damit zuverlässiger gestaltet werden. Das bedeutet, dass für die Individuen weniger Stresssituationen mit den für sie unabsehbaren Folgen entstehen. Es sollte aber dabei beachtet werden, dass es zwingend ist, auf die Lerngeschwindigkeit der einzelnen Tiere, in Abhängigkeit von ihrer jeweiligen Lernsituation, einzugehen, um zuverlässige Umweltbedingungen für die Kühe mit einem AMS bereitzustellen. Es konnte weiterhin festgestellt werden, dass das Melken in einem AMS bei den Kühen nicht als belastender Stressfaktor identifiziert werden kann, wenn man die Herzfrequenz als Indikator heranzieht und diese über eine längere Zeit analysiert. Der zunehmende Einsatz von Technik in der Milchviehhaltung kann einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Haltungsumwelt der Kühe human und tiergerecht zu gestalten.
Relationship between animal and technology in automatic milk production: Due to the fact of the increasing automation in husbandry systems becomes the relationship between the animal and the technology more and more important. There is a growing interest to know more about animal behaviour, the ability of learning and the coping strategies in such systems. In the thesis I investigated the parameter of milking, of milk and of animal behaviour in an Automatic Milking System (AMS). The measurement has shown that the milk yield differs very much between the quarters of the udder. An AMS has the possibility to take such differences into consideration. This is one step towards more animal welfare. Another improvement of animal welfare is a better control of the process. For that, it is important to have a certain knowledge about the natural variation of different parameters, such as electrical conductivity of the milk, milk ingredients or milk yield. This makes the basis of the identification of anomalies depending on pathological problems. To get a reliable declaration about the state of health one has to connect different interdependent parameters and/or the measurement has to be repeated so often until an intelligent decision system can draw conclusions. Besides it is important to know, that a conspicuous value is highly informative, but it is less reliable, otherwise is an often repeatable value less informative but highly redundant, if there is no systematic failure. For a control of the process it is important to get reliable information, so it is sometimes better to automat the tests, instead of using human knowledge, which is often more informative, but less reliable (i.e. electrical conductivity). There is a similarity in husbandry systems because an automated system can be much more reliable and calculable for animals. That means less stressing situations because of incalculable reactions. For such a reliable environment in an AMS it is necessary to give every cow their individual time to learn the facts about the AMS. The milking in an AMS cannot be identified as a negative stress factor, if one uses the measurement of heart rate for identification. The increasing automation in the dairy husbandry can be an important contribution to create a humane environment for dairy cows and improve animal welfare.
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2

Lund, Vonne. "Ethics and animal welfare in organic animal husbandry : an interdisiplinary approach /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/8803573.pdf.

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3

Bertenshaw, Catherine E. "The influence of positive human-animal interaction during rearing on the welfare and subsequent production of the dairy heifer." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270800.

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4

Cserhalmi, Niklas. "Djuromsorg och djurmisshandel 1860-1925 : synen på lantbrukets djur och djurplågeri i övergången mellan bonde- och industrisamhälle /." Möklinta ; Hedemora : Gidlund, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a498.pdf.

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5

Valenzuela, Oliver Alejandro. "La gestió dels recursos animals en la integració de les Illes Balears al món romà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395025.

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La Tesi doctoral presentada té per objectiu general avaluar els processos de canvi social i biològic als quals va donar lloc la integració de les Illes Balears al món romà. El treball es centra en l'estudi del registre arqueozoològic de les Balears des de l'Edat del Ferro fins al desenvolupament i consolidació de la societat romana. Per això, s'han estudiat totes les categories taxonòmiques possibles (mamífers, aus, ictiofauna, amfibis, rèptils i mol•luscs) dels següents jaciments: Pollentia, Sa Mesquida, Pedret de Bóquer, Son Fornés, Son Espases i Montefi. Des d'un nivell d'anàlisi social, es pretenia establir les diverses pràctiques productives, en aquest cas agropecuàries, que es van desenvolupar al llarg d'aquest període. Per això va ser fonamental establir, en primera instància, les relacions socials de producció del sistema socioeconòmic de les comunitats talaiòtiques. Per, posteriorment, poder identificar els canvis que es van generar amb la inserció de aquest model al sistema romà. Des d'un nivell d'anàlisi biològica, es pretenia establir l'estat de la biodiversitat insular en aquest marc cronològic de transició al món romà i així avaluar el seu impacte mediambiental. L'estudi acota una seqüència diacrònica de canvis molt significatius dins de l'evolució del territori balear. Es posa l'èmfasi en l'anàlisi de les invasions biològiques esdevingudes. Es tractava de documentar aquestes invasions, establir la seva cronologia precisa i estudiar les seves conseqüències. Els resultats obtinguts amb la realització d'aquest treball indiquen que, a les Gimnèsies, el període romà marcà l'inici d'un dels canvis més importants en les formes que tengueren els seus habitants de gestionar i relacionar-se amb els seus recursos animals. A nivell ecològic, no només suposà un impacte de primer ordre per a la biodiversitat insular, amb la introducció de noves espècies que va provocar l'homogeneïtzació de la diversitat animal, sinó que també amplià i intensificà els biotops explotats, integrant ara no només el recursos terrestres sinó també els d'origen marí, com són els peixos. A nivell social, és el primer cop des de l'arribada dels humans que s'evidencia de forma clara a les illes el manteniment sostingut d'una part de la població (urbana i militar) que no estava directament implicada en la producció dels seus propis aliments. Aquest fet marca l'inici de la separació entre productors i consumidors, i estableix una diferenciació clara entre dos models econòmics: un pre-romà, destinat a la producció de caire autàrquic, i un romà, on s'adopta una política econòmica de producció d'excedents i que es destina tant al manteniment de la nova estructura social com a la integració de productes dins la xarxa comercial mediterrània.
The invasion of the Balearic Islands by Romans caused a transformation in several aspects of the native communities. Although, some of the aspects of the economy are known, it is not well understood how the livestock consumption and production changed. By studying the faunal remains of the two islands (i.e., Mallorca and Menorca) and focusing on the Iron Age to Roman transition, a better understanding of the factors is reached. The data of a large number of sites from both islands is used to demonstrate changes in species representation and body size. At the same time, this research provides a first insight into the inter-island comparison of development of the animal husbandry during this period.
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6

Navarrete, Belda Vanessa. "Domesticación animal y primeras prácticas ganaderas en el noreste peninsular (5500-4500 cal BC). Integración de los análisis bioquímicos en arqueozoología." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461194.

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En el presente trabajo de tesis doctoral se aborda la problemática de la dinámica del proceso de domesticación animal y las prácticas ganaderas iniciales en el extremo más occidental del área mediterránea a lo largo del intervalo temporal que abarca entre el 5.500-4.700 cal ANE. El objetivo principal de la tesis se aborda a partir del estudio de una muestra significativa de yacimientos neolíticos situados en el noreste de la Península Ibérica. Se ha evaluado con esta tesis doctoral los principales modelos explicativos planteados en torno a los orígenes del neolítico en la Península Ibérica, prestando especial atención a las hipótesis y explicaciones formuladas sobre el proceso de domesticación animal y practicas ganaderas iniciales. A partir de los nuevos datos aportados con el estudio de una muestra significativa de yacimientos neolíticos del área del noreste peninsular se ha analizado la información existente bajo el prisma de la tafonomía, demostrando la importancia de considerar no solo la composición de los conjuntos de restos de fauna, sino su grado de representatividad histórica. La contextualización de los nuevos datos obtenidos a nivel peninsular y europeo, con un énfasis especial en el área mediterránea, ha aportado documentos significativos sobre las implicaciones que tuvieron la adopción y cría de rebaños de las cuatro principales especies domésticas. Los análisis efectuados han permitido constatar la explotación polivalente de los diferentes tipos de producciones animales, la plena integración de los ciclos agrícola y ganaderos, la práctica de estrategias ganaderas tanto intensivas como extensivas y la existencia de explotaciones ganaderas permanentes en zonas elevadas del Pirineo durante el Neolítico Inicial, documentos todo ellos que obligan a replantear algunas de las asunciones que han guiado hasta la actualidad el debate sobre los orígenes del Neolítico. A nivel metodológico, el método seguido contempla como novedad de manera integrada los procesos analíticos desarrollados en el marco de la disciplina arqueológica, arqueotafonómica, arqueozoológica y biomolecular. Esta aproximación ha permitido documentar, caracterizar y evaluar los procesos de trabajo vinculados a la explotación y gestión de los animales domésticos durante el Neolítico Inicial. La integración de los análisis de isotopos estables ha supuesto una aportación significativa al estudio de la gestión ganadera, y ha permitido caracterizar las estrategias implementadas en la alimentación de los primeros animales domésticos. Los resultados ponen en evidencia la rápida adaptación de los animales domésticos a los ambientes peninsulares, documentándose la practica una estrategia ganadera plenamente consolidada caracterizada por la posibilidad de modelar la estructura demográfica de los rebaños, la productividad de las especies y las capacidades de adaptación alimentaria de los animales dependiendo de características fisiológicas y etológicas de cada especie. La interpretación de los resultados muestra que la adopción de las técnicas ganaderas no es un proceso lineal ni homogéneo a inicios del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica. La documentación de modalidades regionales pone en relieve la importancia y magnitud del estudio de la domesticación animal y practicas ganaderas iniciales en el marco del proceso de neolitización en esta área geográfica.
In the present doctoral PhD thesis the problematic of the dynamics of the process of animal domestication and the initial husbandry practices in the most western part of the Mediterranean area throughout the temporal interval that covers between 5,500-4,700 cal ANE is addressed. The main objective of this research is approached from the study of a significant sample of Neolithic sites located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The main explanatory models proposed about the origins of the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula have been evaluated with this doctoral thesis, focusing on the hypotheses and explanations formulated about the process of animal domestication and initial livestock practices. Based on the new data provided by the study of a significant sample of Neolithic sites in the northeastern peninsular area, the existing information has been analyzed from a taphonomical perspective, pointing out the importance of considering not only the composition of the faunal remains, but also its degree of historical representativeness. The contextualisation of the new data obtained at peninsular and European level, with a special emphasis on the Mediterranean area, has provided significant documents of the implications of adoption and herding of the four main domestic species. The analyzes carried out have shown polyvalent exploitation of the different types of animal production, full integration of the agricultural and livestock cycles, practice of intensive and extensive livestock strategies and existence of permanent livestock farms in the high areas of the Pyrenees during the Early Neolithic. All these documents force us to rethink some of the assumptions that have guided the debate on the origins of agriculture and pastoralism. At a methodological level, it is to be note as a novelty that the method implemented integrated several analytical processes developed within the framework of archaeological, archaeo-taphonomical, archaeozoological and biomolecular disciplines. This approach has allowed to document, characterize and evaluate the work processes linked to the exploitation and management of domestic animals during the Early Neolithic period. The integration of stable isotope analysis has involved contributing in a significant manner to the study of livestock management, allowing to characterize the strategies implemented in the feeding of the first domestic animals. Results show the rapid adaptation of domestic animals to peninsular environments. Indeed, the practice of a fully consolidated livestock strategy characterized by the possibility of modeling the demographic structure of the herds, the productivity of the species and the food adaptation capacities of the animals depending on physiological and ethological characteristics of each species, has been documented. Therefore, results allow to interpret that the adoption of livestock techniques was a non-linear, non-homogenous process at the beginning of the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. The documentation of regional modalities highlights the importance and magnitude of the study of animal domestication and initial livestock practices in the framework of the neolithization process in this geographical area.
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7

Ferreira, Sandra Maria Morgado. "Avalia??o do impacto do Programa de P?s- Gradua??o em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia no Estado de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1387.

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Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-24T14:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sandra Maria Morgado Ferreira.pdf: 5136516 bytes, checksum: e234c7bb0d1e27b7d6b27300db893f18 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T14:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sandra Maria Morgado Ferreira.pdf: 5136516 bytes, checksum: e234c7bb0d1e27b7d6b27300db893f18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30
This research was conducted at the Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the Northeast Biotechnology Network - (PPGB - RENORBIO), Pernambuco, at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, focusing graduate students of agriculture and animal husbandry research area during the period 2011-2014, as well as coordinators and teachers from the same area. The main objective was to demonstrate the impact of the former students performance in Pernambuco state. In order to complete this research objective, it was adopted a methodology of data collection in documentation research and descriptive field research. The investigative tools were semi-structured interviews; survey of Lattes curriculum and records and official documents of the graduated students of the program and the biotechnology area. The quantitative analysis of the collected data was conducted through programs like Excel, Adobe InDdesign and Adobe Illustrator. The qualitative analysis was performed by categorical analysis technique where the information is grouped by categories. The study was carried out on the profile of graduated students and their contribution for the development of the Pernambuco state, as well as the perception of the coordinators and teachers about the social and economic impact of the program for the state. The results showed the relevance of the program referred to the training of qualified personnel; to increase the scientific publication with the dissemination of new knowledge to society in general. Also, it was demonstrated the social and economic benefits for the people with new techniques, processes and products generated through the results of students' surveys
Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (PPGB - RENORBIO), Ponto Focal Pernambuco, na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, cujo universo de estudo foram os egressos da ?rea de concentra??o em agropecu?ria, durante o per?odo 2011-2014, bem como os coordenadores e professores da mesma ?rea. O objetivo principal foi demonstrar o impacto da atua??o dos egressos do PPGB ? RENORBIO no Estado de Pernambuco. A fim de atingir seus objetivos, foi adotada, como metodologia de coleta de dados, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo descritiva, cujas ferramentas investigativas foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas; levantamento dos curr?culos Lattes e fichas de registros de matr?cula dos egressos e documentos oficiais do programa e da ?rea de biotecnologia da CAPES. A an?lise quantitativa dos dados coletados foi realizada nos programas Excel, Adobe InDdesign e Adobe Illustrator. Para a an?lise qualitativa optou-se pela utiliza??o da t?cnica da an?lise categorial, onde as informa??es s?o agrupadas por categorias. O estudo foi desenvolvido sobre o perfil dos alunos egressos e a contribui??o da atua??o dos mesmos para o desenvolvimento do Estado de Pernambuco, bem como a percep??o dos coordenadores e professores quanto ao impacto social e econ?mico do programa para o estado. Como resultado, constatou-se a relev?ncia do programa para a forma??o de pessoal qualificado; o aumento do acervo bibliogr?fico com a divulga??o de novos conhecimentos para a sociedade em geral; e os benef?cios sociais e econ?micos gerados ? popula??o com as novas t?cnicas, processos e produtos oriundos da aplica??o pr?tica dos resultados das pesquisas dos egressos
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Wahlstedt, Sabina. "Fragment av forntida Helgö : En osteoarkeologisk och tafonomisk studie med fokus på djur, rum, praktik och handling utifrån animalt benmaterial från Husgrupp 4 på Helgö." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Osteoarkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-173528.

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Zooarchaeological material from prehistoric settlements usually make up a large amount of the archaeological record. Despite this, research on the material is seldom utilized to its full potential. This is very much the case for the famous iron age settlement at Helgö. Therefore, in this thesis animal bones recovered from building group 4 at Helgö were analyzed using both osteological and taphonomic, as well as spatial variables as a mean to gain a better understanding of various aspects of the settlement and life at prehistoric Helgö. The results from the zooarchaeological analysis provide insight in social activities and practices concerning both human and animal interactions. The animals are found to have been an important part of the lives of the people at Helgö. Both spatial and structural differences in the material reveal various attitudes towards the animals and bring to light a diversity of activities and practices surrounding the settlement and Helgö.
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9

Montesinos, Llinares Lidia. "IRALIKU'K: La confrontación de los comunales. Etnografía e historia de las relaciones de propiedad en Goizueta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132603.

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Esta tesis, planteada inicialmente como un estudio de comunidad, presenta un estudio de caso sobre relaciones de propiedad en Goizueta; un pueblo euskaldun (vascófono) de unos 700 habitantes situado en el noroeste de Navarra, en una zona de montaña de tipo atlántico. A través del estudio de las regulaciones consuetudinarias y legales sobre el uso y la apropiación de recursos en el lugar de estudio y de los conflictos en torno a ellas se plantean algunas conclusiones teóricas respecto a las formas de propiedad y sus regulaciones. La perspectiva de larga duración histórica y la documentación de archivo permiten conocer las transformaciones en las formas de aprovechamiento comunal y familiar en Goizueta desde el siglo XV y analizar los procesos de transformación tanto de las formas de vida como de la organización de la propiedad, pudiendo apreciarse así los factores y elementos que configuran esas transformaciones y también el carácter discontinuo y no lineal de estos cambios. La tesis defiende la idea de que la propiedad en el lugar de estudio se ha mantenido siempre indefinida, entre imprecisiones y ambigüedades respecto a su correcta delimitación; y que ha tenido también un carácter fluctuante, cambiante y variable si tomamos en cuenta la complejidad de las relaciones de propiedad. Además, las relaciones sociales de propiedad se caracterizan por constituir un campo de fuerzas e intereses, siendo muchas veces conflictivas o negociadas, fruto de una tensión o pugna constante entre diferentes concepciones e intereses por marcar su definición. Estas tres ideas: la indefinición de la propiedad, el carácter fluctuante de las relaciones de propiedad y también su carácter conflictivo o negociado se demuestran empíricamente a través del análisis detallado de diversos conflictos locales por la propiedad, casos jurídicos, históricos y etnográficos, que se extraen de documentación del archivo municipal de Goizueta o de las conversaciones y entrevistas con la población local. La tensión entre las regulaciones consuetudinarias locales y las leyes liberales del siglo XIX, o entre las actuales regulaciones regionales, estatales y europeas, aparece también como un foco de interés que pone en evidencia el pluralismo jurídico existente y nuevamente el carácter permanentemente negociado y conflictivo de las relaciones de propiedad, y las tensiones entre costumbre y ley. Las entrevistas a juristas y abogados, trabajadores de la administración navarra y representantes políticos aportan la visión de las instituciones respecto a varios de estos conflictos, dando cuenta de los debates entre las partes y del choque de intereses. En definitiva, la tesis aporta una reflexión teórica en torno a la posesión y la propiedad a través del estudio de casos etnográficos, poniendo la mirada especialmente en las transformaciones históricas de las formas de uso y apropiación comunales y en los conflictos de carácter local que permiten conocer las distintas formas de entender y reivindicar la posesión de ciertos bienes: terrenos comunales como los iraliku'k (helechales), los bienes de la Sociedad Elkartasuna o la finca de Artikutza. De esta forma, la reflexión en torno a los bienes comunales y su historia recorre el eje transversal de la tesis, aportando una mirada crítica sobre las formas de gobierno y las relaciones entre distintos ámbitos jurídicos: local, provincial, estatal, europeo... Por otra parte, el estudio mantiene una mirada crítica en contra de las visiones evolucionistas de la historia y de las perspectivas del desarrollismo o el progresismo liberal que auguraban unas transformaciones económicas y de la propiedad necesarias y homogéneas para todas las sociedades campesinas que llevaría inevitablemente a su desaparición o inmersión absoluta en la economía de mercado. La tesis muestra las rupturas y discontinuidades históricas que caracterizan el devenir de la vida en Goizueta en contra de lo que plantean estas perspectivas o el propio orden propietario liberal, acercándose a las formas de vida ligadas al baserri (caserío), la ganadería o el cultivo de la tierra para conocer sus singularidades y las estrategias de subsistencia de quienes se dedican a ellas.
The thesis presents a case study of property relationships in Goizueta, a town of 700 people in the mountains of Navarre. Through the study of the legal regulations on property, the historical conflicts associated with resources, and changes in the communal and familial forms of exploitation, several theoretical conclusions are presented regarding types of ownership and their regulations. The historical indefiniteness of property ownership where the study takes place, as well as the changes in property relationships are empirically shown through different legal and ethnographic cases. The tension between local customary regulations and the liberal laws of the nineteenth century or the current regional, state and European regulations appears as the focus that shows the permanently negotiated and conflictive nature of property relations. In the final analysis, the thesis provides a theoretical reflection on possession and property, with a special look at the historical transformations in the forms of communal appropriation and use.
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Giblin, Julia Irene. "Isotope Analysis on the Great Hungarian Plain: An Exploration of Mobility and Subsistence Strategies from the Neolithic to the Copper Age." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306863726.

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11

Guimarães, Antonio Fernando De Paula Costa. "Restauración de ambientes degradados por la actividad pecuaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397702.

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Entender que el impacto provocado por la actividad ganadera señala una característica peculiar. Además de suponer una gran contribución en el proceso de fragmentación de los biomas, en especial de la Mata Atlántica, y que aún es responsable por la degradación continua de los recursos naturales, en particular, los recursos hídricos. Generar conocimiento de la flora regional para el proceso de restauración, pautado desde los principios de la restauración ecológica, en áreas de preservación permanente degradadas por la actividad ganadera, en el municipio de Itapetinga, ecosistema de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, a través de la utilización de técnicas nucleadoras. La unidad demostrativa (UD) está situada en la finca Santo Antonio, localizada en la orilla izquierda del rio Capolé, coordenadas 15º13’34” de Latitud Sul, 40º15’02” de Longitud Oeste, altitud media de 268 metros, distando 6 km da Ciudad de Itapetinga, que está contada na Bacía hidrográfica de Rio Catolé, sub cuenca del rio Pardo. El suelo local fue clasificado como chernosuelo, según el Sistema de Clasificación de la EMBRAPA (2009).El clima es de transición, localizado entre una zona litoral húmeda de clima Af, caliente y húmedo, de florestas tropicales sin estación seca, de pluviosidad superior a 1.300 mm, predominantemente oceánico y por una zona semiárida Bsh continental, con precipitaciones inferiores a 750 mm, con un invierno seco. Por lo tanto, el agrosistema Itapetinga cuenta con condiciones climatológicas Am (posteriores a Af) en su fracción nordeste y oriental y condiciones Aw a oeste, con características proclives para Bsh, conforme la descripción de Roeder (1975). Siguiendo la clasificación de Kopen las siguientes letras representan: Af : clima tropical húmedo o clima ecuatorial; Am: clima de monzón; Aw : clima tropical con estación seca de invierno; BSh : clima de las estepas calientes de baja latitud y altitud. La UD cuenta con 10.800 m², con cuatro agrupaciones de repetición, en la que cada agrupación corresponde a un módulo de restauración que tiene un área de 2.700 m². Cada módulo contiene un conjunto de técnicas nucleadoras: 15 grupos de Anderson, 2 percas artificiales, 2 abrigos para fauna y 8 transposiciones de suelo. Las técnicas nucleadoras se introdujeron siguiendo los datos del sondeo florístico del área de regeneración natural. Se documentó la presencia de 10 familias, 18 géneros e 19 especies con los parámetros fitosociológicos. Entre estos, 7 familias y 15 especies son de hábitat arbóreas, en cuanto 4 familias de diferentes géneros son de hábitat arbustivo. Las familias que generaron un número mayor de especies diferentes fueron la Fabaceae-Mimosoiedae (8 especies) y Fabaceae-Caesalpiniodeae (2espécies) síndrome de dispersión clasificadas como zoocorias (42%) anemocorias. Se identificaron 42 especies de aves con hábitos alimenticios granívoros (9.0); insectívoros (5.0); Frugívoros (5.0); carnívoros (3.0) necrófagos (2.0); omnívoros (17) y (1.0) nectarífero que frecuentaron las percas y nichos en el área experimental. En los abrigos de fauna registramos la aparición de 3 especies de ophídeos y se indicó la presencia de liebres visitando los abrigos. El resultado comprendido por el aislamiento del área, Particularmente de regeneración natural, señaló una diversidad y cantidad mayor tanto de individuos como de especies, reflejando la importancia del aislamiento en menoscabo de las otras técnicas nucleadoras en la región estudiada. El síndrome de dispersión más frecuente fue zoocoria (42,5%), seguida por anemocoria (18%) y por autocoria (14,8%), no clasificadas o indeterminadas (24,7%). Las especies arboriformes y arbustivas denotaron porcentajes mayores de zoocoria. El principal síndrome de dispersión de semillas registrado como zoocoria, muestra una fuerte relación entre a vegetación arbórea y la fauna en el mantenimiento de la población de plantasen el ambiente de vegetación ribereña.
This work was done in order to learn about Itapetinga regional flora aiming at restoration process, based on the principles of ecological restoration in degraded áreas made by livestock activity in the municipality of Itapetinga. Local ecosystem is Forest Semideciduous. The demo unit (UD) is located in San Antonio farm, on the left bank of the River Catole (15º13'34" South Latitude, 40º15'02" West Longitude, 268 meters of altidud). The local soil is a chernosol. The agrosystem has weather classified as Am (later the Af). UD,as a role, has 10,800 m², with four repetitions of blocks, each block corresponding to a restoration module (2,700 m²). The nucleation techniques used were 15 groups of Anderson, 2 artificial perches, two shelters for fauna and 8 transpositions of soil. The techniques have been introduced according to data from floristic survey of natural regeneration area. It was recorded the presence of 10 families, 18 genera and 19 species with phytosociology. It were identified 37 species and 3 genera of birds granivores eating habits (8.0); insectivores (5.0); Frugivores (5.0); carnivores (3.0) scavengers (2.0); omnivores (17) and (1.0) nectariferous who attended perches and niches in the experimental area. In fauna shelters, it was recorded the appearance of three species of ophídeos and indicating the presence of hares visiting shelters. The isolation of the area showed the greatest diversity in number of individuals and species, reflecting the importance of isolation in relation to the detriment of other nucleation techniques in the study. The most common syndrome of dispersion was zoochory (42.5%), followed by anemochory (18%) and autocory (14.8%), tehre was also not classified or indeterminated dispersion (24.7%). The main seed dispersal syndrome was recorded as zoochory and it shows a close relationship between the woody vegetation and fauna in the maintenance of plant populations in riparian vegetation environment.
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12

Cloutier, Tammy. "Anthropogenic Impacts and Influence On African Painted Dogs (Lycaon Pictus)." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1597420032227308.

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13

Peck, Kimberley Joy. "Horse husbandry in colonial Virginia : an analysis of probate inventories in relation to environmental and social changes /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10288/500.

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14

Ukio, Ifura Godfrey. "Husbandry practices and mitigation of human-carnivore conflicts : a case of the Maasai Steppe, Tanzania." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5129.

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Biodiversity losses are often influenced by humans due to increased demand over natural resources and retaliatory killing of wildlife as a result of human–wildlife conflicts. Large carnivores are in decline globally due to the current human–carnivore conflicts. This study was conducted in the Maasai steppe of northern Tanzania to understand the role of traditional husbandry techniques in reducing livestock predation, herding challenges that place livestock at risk for predation, willingness of pastoralists to participate in schemes for livestock security improvement, and the role of Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) in mitigating human–carnivore conflicts. Data were collected using interviews with individuals in households and with herders in grazing fields and were reinforced with field observations. The primary husbandry strategies for livestock protection in homesteads were the bomas where livestock were enclosed at night, while in the grazing fields the strategies included: splitting livestock herds, herder among livestock, herder carrying weapons, and noise. There was no significant correlation between the wealth of an individual and the type of livestock protection strategy used at homesteads. All traditional strategies used by pastoral communities were equally ineffective in preventing livestock predation both at homesteads and in the grazing fields. However, over a four year period, there were no successful predations in any boma reinforced with chain-links, suggesting that reinforcing bomas with studier materials such as chain-link can be effective against livestock predation. Grazing in groups was found to provide more effective livestock protection in the grazing fields than any other strategy. While losing livestock by herders in the grazing fields contributed most to increased livestock predation, other herding challenges exposing livestock to predation included the seasonal nomadic lifestyle and long distances travelled by pastoral communities. The majority of respondents (91%) were willing to improve their livestock security by the use of chain-link fences at homesteads, while 87% were willing to participate in an insurance scheme for livestock security. Neither experience of livestock attack nor level of awareness of insurance scheme influenced willingness to participate in the scheme. There is growing awareness among pastoral communities of the benefits provided by carnivores and wildlife at large. Therefore, major conservation agencies such as TANAPA, Wildlife Division (WD) and other stakeholders should focus more than they have been on addressing the actual conflicts i.e. human–carnivore conflicts and helping to improve husbandry practices against predation to achieve conservation objectives by reducing retaliatory killing of carnivores.
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15

Beausoleil, Ngaio Jessica. "Behavioural and physiological responses of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) to the presence of humans and dogs :|ba thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1484.

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Appendices removed due to copyright restrictions Appendix 1: Beausoleil, N J, Stafford, KJ, Mellor, DJ. 2005. Sheep show more aversion to a dog than to a human in an arena test. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91 : 2 1 9-232. Appendix 2: Beausoleil, NJ, Stafford, KJ, MelIor, DJ. Does direct human eye contact function as a warning cue for domestic sheep, Ovis aries? Journal of Comparative Psychology, J 20 (3) : 269-279. Appendix 3:Beausoleil, NJ, Stafford, KJ, MelIor, DJ. 2004. Can we use change in core body temperature to evaluate stress in sheep? Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 64: 72-76. Appendix 4: Beausoleil, N.J, Mellor, DJ, Stafford, KJ 2004. Methods for marking New Zealand wildlife: amphibians, reptiles and marine mammals. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand 147p. ISBN 0-478-2263 1-4. Appendix 5: Mellor, DJ, Beausoleil, NJ, Stafford, KJ 2004. Marking amphibians, reptiles and marine mammals: Animal welfare, practicalities and public perceptions in New Zealand. Miscellaneous Publication, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand 55p. ISBN 0-478-22563-6.
Both humans and dogs are integral in sheep production systems; however, which is more aversive to sheep, or indeed, whether either causes significant stress, has not been shown experimentally. The aim of this thesis was to examine some behavioural and physiological responses of domestic sheep to the presence of humans or dogs. An arena test was used to measure the relative aversion of sheep to the presence of a human or dog, as well as to elucidate differences in the responses of flocks at the University of Western Australia (UWA) which were putatively selected for differences in fearfulness. A Y maze preference test was used to 'ask' sheep whether they preferred a human shaking a rattle or a barking dog. In both tests, adrenocortical responses were measured concurrently to support the interpretation of behaviour. The presence of a human or dog in the arena elicited significantly more avoidance and vigilance behaviour and less exploration than did the presence of a control object. However, the dog elicited significantly more of this fear-related behaviour, and significantly larger adrenocortical responses than did the human. Sheep also expressed a clear preference for a human shaking a rattle over a barking dog in the Y maze test and exhibited larger adrenocortical responses to the dog than to the human in the Y maze facility. The UWA flocks differed in their expression of locomotor and vocal activity; MA sheep were more active/vocal than the other flocks, not only in the presence of the human but also with the box or dog. MA sheep expressed less avoidance and vigilance and more exploration than the other flocks in the presence of the human and exhibited significantly lower plasma cortisol concentrations than LA sheep after exposure to the human (10-min sample). However, there were no inter-flock differences in fear-related behaviour or adrenocortical responses when the flocks were presented with the box or dog. The results do not support the notion that the UWA flocks have been selected for differences in a consistent predisposition to react fearfully. The adrenocortical responses measured in these studies were only moderate in magnitude and duration, with peak plasma cortisol concentrations 2-3 times higher than pre-treatment values, and all concentrations returning to pre-treatment levels within one hour of the start of treatment. If these observations are confirmed in practical situations, the presence of humans and dogs during routine handling should cause little concern on the basis of animal welfare. However, limiting the presence of dogs in certain situations (e.g. before slaughter) may reduce stress in domestic sheep. Significant methodological developments in this research include the use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze arena behaviour, the concurrent measurement of adrenocortical and behavioural responses in the arena and Y maze tests, and the explicit testing of the effects of individual lateral biases on choice behaviour in a Y maze test. Future studies should measure sheep stress responses to the presence of humans and dogs in practical situations.
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16

Pragrová, Anna. "Role zvířat ve vybraných dílech J.M. Coetzee." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368130.

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The aim of the thesis is to examine the way in which J. M. Coetzee employs animal imagery in his three fictional works - the novel Disgrace, the novella The Lives of Animals and the short story "The Old Woman and the Cats". A historical overview of the development of the human-animal relationship is provided as the theoretical basis for the practical part, along with an explanation of the term speciesism. The overview will help to comprehend why and how has the relationship of humans to animals changed throughout time and what is the reason of its contemporary shape. It will also serve as a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the portrayal of animals in the selected works. A description of the author's life and the analysed works will be given along with a brief presentation of the situation in post-apartheid South Africa and its historical events which will serve as a basis for a later analysis of the portrayal of animals in connection with political issues. The analytical part will therefore be based on the interpretation of the role of animals in the selected works and will examine its connection with both ethical and political issues, and its function as a language and educational tool. KEY WORDS literature, South-African literature, Coetzee, speciesism, human-animal relationship, human...
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