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1

Leaning, Jennifer. "The Dilemma of Neutrality." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 5 (2007): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005148.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the dilemma that humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) face in their efforts to gain access to populations caught up in current wars. Narrow and broad concepts of humanitarian protection are discussed and it is argued that despite high levels of professionalism, the space for humanitarian action has constricted sharply since the events surrounding the attacks of 11 September 2001. Increasingly, aid workers are now being viewed with suspicion as agents of the great powers and assertions of humanitarian neutrality are not heeded or rejected. Non-governm
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Wathen, JPG. "Humanitarian operations: The dilemma of intervention." RUSI Journal 146, no. 4 (2001): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840108446669.

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Suryanti, Made Selly Dwi. "Politik Aksi Humaniter Organisasi Kemanusiaan Dalam Menangani Imigran Ilegal Tahun 2016 (Studi Kasus IOM dan UNHCR di Surabaya)." POLITICOS: Jurnal Politik dan Pemerintahan 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/politicos.1.1.2790.32-42.

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This paper aims to observe the principles of humanitarianism in the current era. The principle of humanitarianism which consists of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence tends to be ignored. The neglect is based on the interests carried by each humanitarian organization. Therefore, the principle tends to be mixed with political affairs. This practice can be seen from the two humanitarian organizations IOM and UNHCR in carrying out their role in dealing with illegal immigrants, especially at the Immigration Detention Center, Surabaya. In practice the element of importance is given
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Shishi, Zhema, and Ochoga Edwin Ochoga. "The Dilemma of International Humanitarian Law: What and How it Protects." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 06 (2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue06-05.

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Shishi PhD, Zhema, and Ochoga Edwin Ochoga. "The Dilemma Of International Humanitarian Law: What And How It Protects." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 08 (2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue08-12.

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Sinulingga, Anita Afriani, Abdul Halim, and Inda Mustika Permata. "THE DILEMMA OF INDONESIAN HUMANITARIAN ACTION IN THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN MYANMAR." Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs 5, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/dauliyah.v5i1.4483.

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SKARBEK, EMILY C. "Aid, ethics, and the Samaritan's dilemma: strategic courage in constitutional entrepreneurship." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 2 (2015): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000296.

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AbstractPrivate constitutional rules can mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma, a widespread cause of failure of aid and humanitarian efforts. To understand how private organizations can adopt rules that help overcome this dilemma, I provide evidence on an association formed to govern poor relief in urban Chicago from the 1850s to 1880s. I show how a particular set of shared ethical values led to the adoption of constitutional rules governing the organization. I then show that these rules were specific in their ability to mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma problem inherent to administering aid. The a
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Weil, Carola. "The Protection-Neutrality Dilemma in Humanitarian Emergencies: Why the Need for Military Intervention?" International Migration Review 35, no. 1 (2001): 79–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00005.x.

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For humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the recent evolution of military engagement in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies has been a mixed blessing. This article examines the protection-neutrality dilemma confronting UNCHR in the face of increased military humanitarian action. The conceptual framework presented here suggests that military forces may in fact act as an important “norms entrepreneur,” influencing how protection norms affect international responses to humanitarian emergencies. The linking of forced migration and security has
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Switky, Bob. "Simulating a Foreign Policy Dilemma: Considering US Humanitarian Intervention." PS: Political Science & Politics 47, no. 03 (2014): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096514000833.

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ABSTRACTThe humanitarian impulse in the United States routinely clashes with isolationist sentiment, with appeals to the national interest, and with apathy in and out of government. This class exercise encourages students to explore the contours of the debate over humanitarian intervention with a crisis unfolding in Belagua, a fictitious Latin American country. As the crisis deteriorates, students increasingly feel the tension between wanting to help the at-risk civilian population and avoiding a messy conflict from which the United States could have trouble extracting itself. The project requ
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McDougall, Derek. "Australia’s Foreign Aid Dilemma: Humanitarian Aspirations Confront Democratic Legitimacy." Round Table 106, no. 6 (2017): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2017.1394605.

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Barber, Ben. "Feeding Refugees, or War? The Dilemma of Humanitarian Aid." Foreign Affairs 76, no. 4 (1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20048117.

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Rich, Paul B. "Warlords, state fragmentation and the dilemma of humanitarian intervention." Small Wars & Insurgencies 10, no. 1 (1999): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592319908423230.

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13

Hewett, Andrew. "Australia’s Foreign Aid Dilemma: Humanitarian Aspirations Confront Democratic Legitimacy." Journal of Pacific History 55, no. 3 (2019): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2019.1691169.

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Reichl, Allison R., Ryan J. Schutt, John C. Walsh, James M. Prieto, Stephen W. Bickler, and Romeo C. Ignacio. "Encountering Surgical Cancers During Humanitarian Relief Missions: An Ethical Dilemma." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229, no. 4 (2019): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.289.

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15

Dapkus, Simonas. "Turkey’s Security Dilemma on the Border with Syria: Situation Assessment and Perspectives of the Intervention." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 33, no. 1 (2015): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lfpr-2016-0009.

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Abstract Employing the concept of the security dilemma, the article aims to assess the situation on the Turkey-Syria border and discusses perspectives of Turkey’s humanitarian intervention in northern Syria. In the first section of the article an analysis of Turkey’s foreign policy and its implications on Syria’s crisis is provided. The second section deals with arguments for and against the intervention. Later on, international law and military provisions are discussed as well as the possible implications of an intervention. The main thesis of this article is that if Turkey chose to solve its
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Enabulele, A. O. "Humanitarian intervention and territorial sovereignty: the dilemma of two strange bedfellows." International Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 3 (2010): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642980802535393.

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Koper, Natalia. "The Responsibility Dilemma The Role of the R2P in the U.S. Foreign Policy since the Rwanda Genocide." Ad Americam 18 (January 30, 2018): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.18.2017.18.04.

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This paper explores the role of the doctrine of the responsibility to protect (R2P) in shaping U.S. foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. Based on the in-depth study of declassified documents, public speeches, and other documents, this paper examines three case studies (Rwanda genocide, Iraq war, Libya conflict) as representative examples of the U.S.involvement in humanitarian crises abroad. The analysis reveals a consistently evolving narrative of a country fatalistically balancing the dilemma of responsibility. On the one side, having assumed the role of a global leader and norm-carrie
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Mubiala, Mutoy. "African States and the promotion of humanitarian principles." International Review of the Red Cross 29, no. 269 (1989): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400072375.

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It is well known that African societies are shaped by custom and tradition. African thought, deeply imbued with humanism, has given birth to concepts and practices that place these societies among the world's humanitarian civilizations. With the advent of the colonial era and the establishment of institutions based on foreign values, the manifestations of African ideas was put into abeyance. Subsequent independence, while giving African States the opportunity to participate alongside other nations in constructing a universal civilization, paradoxically brought the continent face to face with a
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Krisch, N. "Review Essay Legality, Morality and the Dilemma of Humanitarian Intervention after Kosovo." European Journal of International Law 13, no. 1 (2002): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.1.323.

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Lebedeva, Marina, and Marina Ustinova. "The Humanitarian and Social Agenda of the UN Security Council." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 1 (2020): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-01-06.

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By the end of XX–the beginning of XXI century the importance of humanitarian and social issues in the world has sharply increased. Humanitarian and social means began to be intensively included in military and economic actions and play a significant independent role. As a result, there was an increase in the importance of “soft security” aspects, and an expansion of this field. This has affected the UN Security Council, which began to pay more attention to humanitarian and social issues, which was demonstrated with the statistical method. The range of humanitarian issues discussed by the Secur
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Sánchez, Mario Iván Urueña. "Private Military and Security Companies: The End of State Responsibility?" Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (2019): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0068.

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Abstract The objective of this article is to observe the redefinition of state responsibility based on its interaction with Private Military Security Companies. The boom, consolidation and decline of these companies between the end of the Cold War era and the first decade of the 21st century pose a dilemma to international law regarding State responsibility towards security issues within its territory. The lack of effective international law mechanisms and the political agenda of the States are both limitations for preserving human dignity in institutional and humanitarian fragile contexts. He
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Moleyar, Jayadeva Prasad. "Accident at Vidyalaya School – an ethical dilemma." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 2 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2019-0103.

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Learning outcomes This paper aims to sensitize learners to some of the ethical and public relation issues involved in decision-making with specific reference to the educational field. Case overview/synopsis This case brings out a dilemma faced by the school management of Vidyalaya School, Karnataka, India in responding to a notice issued by the State Government to pay a huge compensation and to re-absorb a teacher who was rendered physically challenged owing to an accident within the school premises. The case is set in the milieu of a self-financed, private education industry during the period
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Van Krieken, P. J. "Conference Papers: 4. The Security of Humanitarian Workers Srebrenica and the Safe Area Dilemma." Refugee Survey Quarterly 23, no. 4 (2004): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/23.4.125.

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24

Rauchhaus, Robert W. "Principal-Agent Problems in Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Hazards, Adverse Selection, and the Commitment Dilemma." International Studies Quarterly 53, no. 4 (2009): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00560.x.

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25

Roman, Jesse. "Hurricane Maria: A Preventable Humanitarian and Health Care Crisis Unveiling the Puerto Rican Dilemma." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 15, no. 3 (2018): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201710-792oi.

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26

Begoore, Yateesh. "Prisoners Dilemma: Ascertaining and Augmenting the Multinational NIAC Detention Regime." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 20, no. 1 (2017): 436–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13894633_02001014.

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While International Humanitarian Law (IHL) contains a comprehensive framework of rules and procedural protections for detainees in international armed conflicts (IACS), there is a conspicuous absence of such rules and protections for detainees in the case of non-international armed conflicts (NIACS). In fact, as the recent Serdar Mohammad v. Ministry of Defence case pointed out, the rules pertaining to NIACS make no mention of detention authority at all, leading some scholars to conclude that International Human Rights Law (IHRL), and not IHL, governs NIAC detention. Contrarily, this paper con
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Yacoub, Mohammad, Mohamed Shawki, Mohe eldin Kasem, and Abdeen Abd Elhamid. "International Administration of Territories and the Dilemma of Accountability." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p147.

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Two decades post the Cold-War; the World has witnessed a systematic revival of a practice long thought to be extinct- territory administration via an international body to act as a government for running the state/territory. The most prominent examples were the United Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET).Various criticisms were directed to the International Administrations of Territories; the most prominent was mandating this Administration Authority complete power in running the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary authorities whe
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Dunn, John. "The Dilemma of Humanitarian Intervention: The Executive Power of the Law of Nature, After God." Government and Opposition 29, no. 2 (1994): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01254.x.

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There are at Least Three Possible Types of View about the justifiability of the use of force by states or private individuals on behalf of other private individuals or groups who are the victims of brutal and gratuitous coercion by another state. The first type of view is that no human being, and a fortiori no state, can be justified in using force under any circumstances and for any purpose, because (and only because) force is an intrinsic evil. This unflinchingly deontological view is generous but practically absurd. The second type of view is that states (or even private individuals) can be
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Lung, Wen-Chin. "The humanitarian assistance dilemma explained: the implications of the refugee crisis in Tanzania in 1994." Global Change, Peace & Security 31, no. 3 (2019): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2019.1635105.

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Harig, Christoph, and Kai Michael Kenkel. "Are rising powers consistent or ambiguous foreign policy actors? Brazil, humanitarian intervention and the ‘graduation dilemma’." International Affairs 93, no. 3 (2017): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix051.

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Papadileris, Sophie. "Protection of Peacekeepers Resorting to Armed Force – A Current Dilemma." Volume 61 · 2018 61, no. 1 (2019): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.61.1.403.

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The protection of peacekeepers and their classification in the categories of international humanitarian law has been a matter of controversy for years. To give peacekeepers some protection, the Safety Convention was established in 1994 and specific protection regulations were included in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 1998. Nevertheless, neither attacks on peacekeepers nor their (active) involvement in military conflicts have decreased. Therefore, a highly topical dilemma currently occupies the legal department of the United Nations. There are various tasks of peacekee
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Rizki, Aufar. "Presence of The Right Wing: Threatening the Refugee Crisis?" Jurnal Sentris 1, no. 1 (2020): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v1i1.4160.97-120.

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The presence of the right wing in The Western Europe, such as The Front National in French that is led by Marine Le Pen, Alternative Für Deutschland in Germany by Alexander Gauland, and Partij Voor de Vrijheid by Geert Wilders in Netherlands, are the whimsicality phenomenon in European political scene. The rise of the right wing groups in some countries, could impend the pluralism value in the respective country. Furthermore, this movement will be inducing the humanitarian crisis, specifically the refugee crisis. European Union has asylum policy for the refugees, but precisely the migrants who
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Suvedi, Mukti. "Significant accomplishment of the post-disaster housing reconstruction: A community perspective from 2015 earthquake affected communities in Nepal." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v4i1.32754.

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In spite of the significant grants and supports after 2015 earthquake, housing reconstruction faced numerous challenges in addressing the needs of the disaster affected communities. The earthquake threatened almost all aspects of the societies in14 of the most affected districts. Government of Nepal and various development partners, including bilateral agencies, were involved in the implementation of housing reconstruction projects in different districts. All these initiatives in communities yielded diverse results. Because of the resulting disquiet from the public, the post-disaster housing r
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Adipradono, Boby Sigit. "HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FOR OTHER COUNTRIES WHICH AFFECTED BY DISASTER AS IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 22 (2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.622005.

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The basic principles of the implementation of Indonesian foreign policy have been stated in the opening paragraph of the first paragraph of the 1945 Constitution, "that actual independence is the right of all nations. And therefore, colonization of the world must be abolished, because it is not in accordance with humanity and justice. The establishment of this country is to "participate in carrying out world order based on freedom, eternal peace, and social justice". The Indonesian people in carrying out the constitutional mandate is to help other countries affected by the disaster. The assist
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Lin, Patrick, and Fritz Allhoff. "Arctic 2.0: How Artificial Intelligence Can Help Develop a Frontier." Ethics & International Affairs 33, no. 02 (2019): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679419000108.

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AbstractTechnology has an outsized impact on the modern world; it is how we have tamed our frontiers. But that role is largely ignored when it comes to the Arctic frontier. Emerging technologies, especially AI, can enable desperately needed services and infrastructure—but they can also challenge ethics, law, and policy, as they usually do. For instance, autonomous icebreaker ships pose a dual-use dilemma since they can be used for both humanitarian and military purposes. As a lesson for other frontiers, this article will broadly introduce the potential role of AI in the changing Arctic and som
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Palmstierna, T. "Evidence and Ethics in Psychiatric Coercive Practices, A Neglected Dilemma?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70236-6.

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Sound humanitarian psychiatry has for long, perhaps always struggled with the conflict between being therapeutical with the patients best interest at hand and the demand for restricting and applying coercive measures against the patients will and autonomy for the sake of protecting the integrity and security of not only the patient, but also her/his surroundings. This conflict includes a number of ethical issues such as preserving the patients’ autonomy, safeguarding the autonomy and security of the patients’ family as well as societal interests.At the same time, some psychiatric research deal
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Sofjan, Noorwahid. "The Dilemma of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Case Study of PT. Inco." Madika: Jurnal Politik dan Governance 1, no. 1 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/madika.v1i1.686.

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Since the CSR discourse has been widely discussed, the debate about the concept of CSR as an expression of moral responsibility and sensitivity to the social and environmental world has received resistance from some circles. The reason is that some people are trying to avoid CSR obligations. This paper talks about how the discourse and thinking about CSR struggles. Is CSR a voluntary activity for the company or is it an obligation (mandatory)? Then the authors describe the Indonesian context of CSR. And before the conclusion, the author tries to describe a case example of a CSR program run by
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Sofjan, Noorwahid. "The Dilemma of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Case Study of PT. Inco." Madika: Jurnal Politik dan Governance 1, no. 1 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/madika.vol1.iss1.686.

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Since the CSR discourse has been widely discussed, the debate about the concept of CSR as an expression of moral responsibility and sensitivity to the social and environmental world has received resistance from some circles. The reason is that some people are trying to avoid CSR obligations. This paper talks about how the discourse and thinking about CSR struggles. Is CSR a voluntary activity for the company or is it an obligation (mandatory)? Then the authors describe the Indonesian context of CSR. And before the conclusion, the author tries to describe a case example of a CSR program run by
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Poffley, Rachel. "The dilemma of neutrality: to what extent can humanitarian assistance be combined with efforts to promote development?" Medicine, Conflict and Survival 28, no. 2 (2012): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2012.678059.

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عبد الجبار, هند. "دور اللجنة الدولية للصليب الأحمر في حماية النازحين داخليا : العراق نموذجا". Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, № 2 (2020): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.02.p18.

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The study is tried to show the amount of suffering since 2014 in some region inside Iraq. These suffering included the instability in political and security situation, in addition to killing , displacement, torturing , detention and intimidation in various ways especially after the falling of three provinces by ISIS terrorists. This entire bad situation enforced many people to leave their homes and move to more secure places for their lives. However, another dilemma is starting which is the definition of their legal status and the rights they deserve within the state. The humanitarian emergenc
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Krysachenko, Valentyn. "Dynamics of Humanitarian Priorities in the Political Life of the Independent Ukraine: The Dilemma of Intentions and Actions." Ukrainian Studies, no. 2(75) (July 8, 2020): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.2(75).2020.206278.

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Mačák, Kubo. "Military Objectives 2.0: The Case for Interpreting Computer Data as Objects under International Humanitarian Law." Israel Law Review 48, no. 1 (2015): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223714000260.

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This article presents the case for a progressive interpretation of the notion of military objectives in international humanitarian law (IHL), bringing computer data within the scope of this concept. The advent of cyber military operations has presented a dilemma as to the proper understanding of data in IHL. The emerging orthodoxy, represented by the 2013Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, advances the argument that the intangible nature of data renders it ineligible to be an object for the purposes of the rules on targeting in IHL. This article, on the contrar
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Peterson, Abby, and Malin Åkerström. "Introduction to the Special Issue “Policing Ethnicity: Between the Rhetoric of Inclusion and the Policies and Practices of Exclusion”." Social Inclusion 2, no. 3 (2014): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v2i3.189.

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<p>On the one hand European countries talk the humanitarian and cosmopolitan politics of inclusion of ethnic minorities with a battery of integration policies, on the other hand these same societies practice the policies and practices of exclusion. In this special issue we address this disjuncture and what we refer to as the European moral dilemma, in much the same way that Gunnar Myrdahl, in his influential study from 1944—<em>The</em><em> American Dilemma—</em>pointed out that the oppression of Black people living in the US was at odds with the country’s moral g
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Cohen, Elias S. "Legislative and Educational Alternatives to a Judicial Remedy for the Transfer Trauma Dilemma." American Journal of Law & Medicine 11, no. 4 (1986): 405–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006730.

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AbstractTransfer trauma is alleged to be an increase in morbidity and mortality in institutionally relocated chronically ill elderly. Efforts by the legal profession to persuade courts that transfer trauma should be a legally recognized phenomenon invoking judicial protections against transfer (the “transfer trauma argument”) have been unproductive. In O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center, Inc., the United States Supreme Court denied standing to elderly persons claiming a property interest in remaining in alleged substandard facilities. The Court rejected the argument that the possibility of
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Bentley, Michelle. "The intervention taboo(s): Strategy and normative invalidation." Review of International Studies 43, no. 3 (2017): 557–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021051700002x.

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AbstractIntervention comprises one of the most contentious issues in International Relations. This controversy results from the way normative understanding is structured around two key, but mutually exclusive, taboos: the moral expectation to respond in cases of humanitarian need and the protection of state sovereignty. In examining this dilemma, this article asks: what happens to the construction of rhetorical strategy, where that strategy seeks to justify intervention (or not), within a binary normative environment? It is argued that actors can only successfully construct a rhetorical case b
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Winston, Morton. "An Emergency Response System for the International Community: Commentary on “The Politics of Rescue”." Ethics & International Affairs 11 (March 1997): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1997.tb00022.x.

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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international system in place since the end of World War II has been struggling to find answers to new problems and questions of international responsibility. In his response to “The Politics of Rescue,” Winston argues that the real dilemma facing the international system is not a question of what form intervention will take, but rather a question of the existence of political will to act on the humanitarian impulse. While acknowledging the political ramifications of intervention, he argues that once a state can no longer care for its people, the res
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Hamzah, Ekawati. "Religious Pluralism (Perspective of Islamic Normativity and History)." Journal of Islam and Science 7, no. 2 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jis.v7i2.16373.

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This paper discusses "Normative and Historical Perspective Religious Pluralism, which includes two main problems, namely: First, how is religious pluralism in a historical perspective. Second, how is religious pluralism with a normative perspective. Religious pluralism in the perspective of revelation (Normative) is not only part of a humanitarian task but also a dimension of the Muslim’s level, devotion and a religious duty which is the value of worship in the sight of Allah SWT. Whereas historically, the religious attitude in the midst of a plural society was exemplified by the Prophet in th
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48

Ernawati, Ninin. "The Dilemma of Australian Pacific Solution: The Non-Refoulement Principle Versus National Security." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (2019): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a7.

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Abstract:
The Australian Government has issued various policies to deal with refugees. One of the policies is the Pacific Solution and it is considered as a manifestation of national security principles. On one hand, the policy against the non-refoulement principle, which is the central principle of the refugee convention and Australia is one of the states that ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention. Obviously, Australia should not violate the non-refoulement principle. On the other hand, Australia has experienced a dilemma between prioritizing its interests and fulfilling international obligation to prot
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49

Ernawati, Ninin. "The Dilemma of Australian Pacific Solution: The Non-Refoulement Principle Versus National Security." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (2019): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a7.

Full text
Abstract:
The Australian Government has issued various policies to deal with refugees. One of the policies is the Pacific Solution and it is considered as a manifestation of national security principles. On one hand, the policy against the non-refoulement principle, which is the central principle of the refugee convention and Australia is one of the states that ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention. Obviously, Australia should not violate the non-refoulement principle. On the other hand, Australia has experienced a dilemma between prioritizing its interests and fulfilling international obligation to prot
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50

Hassib, Bassant, and Doaa Nounou. "Blocked by Diplomatic Barriers: Syrian Refugees and the EU-Turkey Migration Cooperation." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 7, no. 1 (2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v7i1.p70-79.

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Abstract:
The recent EU-Turkey deal on irregular migration and refugees raised voices of humanitarian concerns with regards to the protection of the rights of Syrian refugees. Despite the positive efforts of Turkey to accommodate Syrian refugees, it still lacks a proper asylum system and measures that can guarantee their socio-economic integration and protect their rights. So instead of having a proper EU refugee resettlement system, they just offer money and mobility incentives to Turkey to keep the Syrian refugees on its land, while sidelining the deteriorating status of those refugees in Turkey. This
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