Journal articles: 'Humboldt'

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LUBRICH, OLIVER. "Humboldts Mobilität : Der Reisende in Europa." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 29, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92165_602.

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Abstract Der Artikel präsentiert zwei Karten, die Alexander von Humboldts rund 600 Aufenthaltsorte in Europa zum ersten Mal veranschaulichen. Sie wurden für die Berner Ausgabe seiner Sämtlichen Schriften (2019) entworfen. Auf ihrer Grundlage wird Humboldts räumliche und gedankliche Mobilität diskutiert.The article presents two maps that visualize, for the first time, ca. 600 places in Europe that Alexander von Humboldt visited. The maps were drawn for the 2019 edition of Humboldt’s Complete Writings. Their vast networks of movement represent Humboldt’s mobility, both spatial and intellectual.

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Di Cesare, Donatella. "‘Innere Sprachform’ Humboldts Grenzbegriff, Steinthals Begriffsgrenze." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.05dic.

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Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Frage nach dem besonderen Beitrag Heymann Steinthals (1823–1899) zur Interpretation der Sprachauffassung Wilhelm von Humboldts (1767–1835). Er argumentiert, daß bei seinem fast lebenslänglichen Bemuhen, den wirklichen hinter dem idealen, ‘mystischen’ und genialen Humboldt zu erhellen, Steinthal den Versuch untemimmt, Humboldts Gegensatz zwischen Empirie und Theorie zu iiberwinden. Dies soil auf dem nach seiner Begegnung mit Moritz Lazarus (1824–1903) eingeschlagenen sprachpsychologischen Weg geschehen. Humboldts ‘mystischer Dualismus’ – für Steinthal ein Überrest der kantischen Philosophic – wird aber einfach durch einen herbartisierten Hegelismus ersetzt: In seinem Versuch, Humboldt dialektisch zu vollenden, seinen Dualismus dadurch aufzulösen, daß er die Empirie gegenüber der Theorie die Oberhand gewinnen läßt, um Humboldt einen guten empirischen Schritt weiterzubringen, fällt Steinthal im Endergebnis einen ganzen metaphyischen Schritt zurück, indem er das trennt, was Humboldt zusammenhält, und dabei zu einem substantiellen Dualismus zwischen Außerem und Innerem, ja zu einem Vorrang des Inneren, Geistlichen vor dem Außeren, Sinnlichen gelangt. Hauptpunkt der unuberbrückbaren Distanz zwischen Steinthal und Humboldt ist der Begriff der ‘inneren Sprachform’. Während die ‘innere Sprachform’ bei Humboldt einen Grenzbegriff darstellt, so erweist sie sich paradoxerweise bei Steinthal als eine Begriffsgrenze, die letzlich der Grenze seines Psychologismus gleichkommt.

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Do, Trang. "Humboldt's philosophy of university education and implication for autonomous education in Vietnam today." Perspectives of Science and Education 62, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.2.32.

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Introduction. Higher education plays a particularly important role in the development of a country. The goal of the article is to describe the development of concepts about education in general and higher education in particular to explain the role of education in social life. Humboldt sees higher education as a process toward freedom and the search for true truth. Humboldt's philosophy of higher education is an indispensable requirement in the context of people struggling to escape the influence of the state and church forces. The purpose is to find out the content and principles of higher education, especially meaningful suggestions for building an autonomous education in Vietnam today. Materials and Methods. The article uses materialist dialectic to analyze Humboldt's philosophy of higher education. In addition, the article also uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast to clarify views on education in the history of human thought from ancient, medieval, modern and modern times, from which to draw the basic contents and principles in the philosophy of higher education of Humboldt. Results and Discussion. Humboldt is the founder of the University of Berlin – known as the mother of modern universities. It is a new university model based on the philosophy of upholding freedom in learning and teaching, upholding the scientific spirit to seek and discover the truth, and at the same time, combining teaching with scientific research. His liberal education philosophy has contributed to affirming the strength and position of universities. He criticized state intervention in university institutions. Based on the anthropological foundation of emphasizing human diversity, Humboldt's higher education philosophy is truly liberating when it comes to bold views. Humboldt believes that a university is a pure place of science and research, so it is not influenced by any outside force, even from the state. A university is where academic freedom, scientific freedom and other autonomy are guaranteed so that the institution can run smoothly. Universities must have unity between research and teaching. However, Humboldt's philosophy of higher education still contains many issues that need to be considered thoroughly. Specifically, the promotion of internal self-determination requires financial autonomy while the state's investment capital in universities is still quite large; Calling for education to be privatized is still inadequate. The elitist spirit in the Humboldt model is no longer fully relevant in the context of a market economy that tends to lead to the pursuit of targets, which are often related to quality. Practical significance. Humboldt's liberal philosophy of higher education has a strong influence, dominates and becomes a reality in many countries with advanced education. For Vietnam, Humboldt's higher education philosophy is a meaningful suggestion to build an autonomous education under the country's socio-historical conditions. Keywords: autonomous education, Humboldt’s philosophy, university education, Vietnam today

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Mironov, Vladimir V. "Humboldt, Natural Philosophy and the University As a Universe." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-2-19-23.

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The article analyzes the scientific career of Alexander von Humboldt. The scientist researched the junction of science and philosophy, set up experiments to study organic life, testing his theory of “life force”. The result of his work was the essay “On irritated muscle and nerve fiber”. The philosophical essay “Life-Force, or the Genius of Rhodes” reveals Humboldt's literary talent. In this essay, in literary form, the problem of “life force” and understanding the essence of life was raised. And it’s not by chance, since Humboldt’s texts have a complete aesthetic character, which allowed him as a scientist to capture life itself as the phenomena of nature. Being and nature, according to the scientist, are not divided into separate parts and their separation is purely objective, while nature itself is one unit. This understanding of the integrity of nature (including humans) is also at the heart of the project of the model of university education, which he and his brother Wilhelm von Humboldt founded in Berlin and whose main principle was the unity of basic research and teaching. Subsequently, such an attitude allowed universities to simultaneously become scientific centers of their country, performing, among other things, state tasks. The article notes that Humboldt’s scientific research was highly appreciated not only by his contemporaries philosophers but also by writers, such as Goethe and Schiller.

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Xiang, Fang. "Psychological Analysis of Humboldt’s Gift from the Perspective of Lacan’s Theory." English Language Teaching 10, no. 4 (March 12, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n4p87.

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Two protagonists Humboldt and Citrine in Humboldt’s gift are characterized as restless even lunatic, for they are constantly or madly seeking something such as honor, power or intimate relationship something or other. This thesis intends to analyze Humboldt and Citrine’s psychological troubles from the perspective of Lacan’s theory and reveal that Humboldt and Citrine’s psychological problem are rooted in the sense of fragmentation and lack caused by the separation from mother, and their struggle to seek safety and satisfaction is further destroyed by the industrialism and materialism prevalent in this novel.

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Culik, Boris M., and Guillermo Luna-Jorquera. "The Humboldt penguinSpheniscus humboldti: a migratory bird?" Journal für Ornithologie 138, no. 3 (July 1997): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01651558.

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Popov, Sergiy. "About concept substitution in the philosophical and linguistic beliefs of Wilhelm von Humboldt and its influence on modern linguistics." 93, no. 93 (December 22, 2023): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2023-93-11.

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The article is devoted to exposing the logical fallacy of concept substitution in the philosophical and linguistic beliefs of Wilhelm von Humboldt and its influence on modern linguistics. After paying tribute to the famous scientist, it notes the well-known fact that in his famous 1820 lecture, Humboldt presented the ideas of the stage concept of language in such a way as to affirm the notion of root languages transitioning into incorporative ones, incorporative into agglutinative, and agglutinative into inflectional as the most perfect. It points out that Humboldt's assertion of such transitions was unanimously recognized by the linguistic community as erroneous. The article then gradually examines Humboldt's logically flawed statements, which can be seen as harbingers of the error this article focuses on: the contradiction between the scientist's claims that a people's spirit and language are identical, yet language depends on spirit, and that thinking not only depends on language but is determined by it. Next, the author discusses Humboldt's logical error, exposing which is the purpose of this article: the understanding of language as an independently existing entity, substituting the concept of a human-created communicative system with the concept of a human-created independently acting entity. It is suggested that Humboldt's logical mistake was to some extent caused by the prevailing ideology of idealistic Romanticism, which led him to make language a vivid, independent individuality. Furthermore, Humboldt made this error because of the superficial perception of the mobility of language as caused by its independence, while in fact such mobility is caused by the subconscious thinking of its speakers, which the scientist failed to grasp. Therefore, the article discusses the numerous instances where modern linguists continue to cite and comment positively on these flawed statements by Humboldt, and expresses the hope that this article will somewhat contribute to understanding the fallacy of the studied philosophical and linguistic beliefs of Wilhelm von Humboldt, which in turn will prevent their influence on modern linguistics.

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Rucinque e Wellington Jiménez, Héctor F. "El Papel de Humbodt en el Origen y Desarrollo de la Geografia Moderna." GEOgraphia 4, no. 8 (September 21, 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2002.48.a13430.

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RESUMO Por lo general, los historiadores de la ciencia reconocen la importaocia de Alexander von Humboldt en el desarrollo de la geografía moderna, si bien tal contribución especializada no es claramente desglosada de su multifacética producción científica. Con ocasión del bicentenario de su viaje a la América tropical, el papel de Humboldt en la formulación de las bases de una metodología analítica para la investigación geográfica, y su monumental trabajo sustantivo, lo mismo que su penetrante permanencia e inspiración en la tradición geográfica, deben acreditarse como justificación amplia y suficiente para su título de padre fundador de la geografía científica. Epígrafes: Humboldt, historia de la geografía, geografía moderna, metodología geográfica, exploración científica.ABSTRACT Alexander von Humboldt’s contributions to the development of modern geography are generally ackoowledged by historians of science, though not always stated precisely out of his many-sided scholarly production. On the occasion of the Bicentennial of his voyage to tropical America, Humboldt’s role in setting forth the foundation of an analytical methodology for geography as well as for his monumental substantive work, along with his pervasive and inspiring perrnanence in the geographical tradition, must be recognized as ample justification tu his title as founding father of scientific geography. Key words: Humboldt, history of geography, modern geography, geagraphical methodology, scientific exploration.

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Rucinque e Wellington Jiménez, Héctor F. "El Papel de Humbodt en el Origen y Desarrollo de la Geografia Moderna." GEOgraphia 4, no. 8 (September 21, 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2002.v4i8.a13430.

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RESUMO Por lo general, los historiadores de la ciencia reconocen la importaocia de Alexander von Humboldt en el desarrollo de la geografía moderna, si bien tal contribución especializada no es claramente desglosada de su multifacética producción científica. Con ocasión del bicentenario de su viaje a la América tropical, el papel de Humboldt en la formulación de las bases de una metodología analítica para la investigación geográfica, y su monumental trabajo sustantivo, lo mismo que su penetrante permanencia e inspiración en la tradición geográfica, deben acreditarse como justificación amplia y suficiente para su título de padre fundador de la geografía científica. Epígrafes: Humboldt, historia de la geografía, geografía moderna, metodología geográfica, exploración científica.ABSTRACT Alexander von Humboldt’s contributions to the development of modern geography are generally ackoowledged by historians of science, though not always stated precisely out of his many-sided scholarly production. On the occasion of the Bicentennial of his voyage to tropical America, Humboldt’s role in setting forth the foundation of an analytical methodology for geography as well as for his monumental substantive work, along with his pervasive and inspiring perrnanence in the geographical tradition, must be recognized as ample justification tu his title as founding father of scientific geography. Key words: Humboldt, history of geography, modern geography, geagraphical methodology, scientific exploration.

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Gazizov, Rafael Arkadjevich, and Evgeniya Aleksandrovna Morozkina. "W. von Humboldt’s language antinomies in the aspect of translation (based on the material of the originals and translations of E. A. Poe’s short stories)." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2023): 2490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230391.

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The paper examines W. von Humboldt’s language antinomies in the context of comparative linguistics and translation. It is noted that some issues of modern translation science were identified and ways to solve them were proposed in W. von Humboldt’s linguistic concept. It is argued that when translating literary works, the translator should rely on the language antinomies identified by W. von Humboldt. This research aims to substantiate the necessity to take into account the language antinomies identified by the German scholar W. von Humboldt in translation science, which is motivated by the vector for the most accurate interpretation of the author’s intention chosen by the translator in the course of translation activities. The scientific novelty of the study is accounted for by an attempt to correct the dominant meanings of the original literary texts taking into account the language antinomies identified by W. von Humboldt and to conduct a comparative analysis of the semantic dominants of the English-language originals and their translations. As a result of the study, it has been found that the language antinomies elaborated by the German linguist W. von Humboldt should be taken into account when translating literary texts in order to identify the implicit meanings of the English-language originals and convey them in translations.

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CLARK, REX. "Alexander von Humboldts erster Reisebericht : Ein Spiel mit der Anonymität." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92164_118.

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Die editorische Arbeit an der ,Berner Ausgabe‘, die im September 2019 in 11 Bänden erscheinen und Alexander von Humboldts nicht in Buchform erschienene Schriften versammeln wird, hat bereits eine Reihe überraschender Ergebnisse gezeitigt.1 Hierzu gehört auch die Entdeckung von hunderten bisher unbekannter Texte, die in das Humboldt-Corpus neu aufgenommen wurden. Oliver Lubrich hat kürzlich in einer Miszelle einen Überblick über dieses Forschungs- und Editionsprojekt gegeben und über ,,Humboldts allererste und seine allerletzte Veröffentlichung“ berichtet.2 Dass es mitunter auch Humboldt selbst war, der für editorische Überraschungen sorgte, zeigt der folgende Bericht, der anhand einer eng begrenzten Gruppe von Quellen ein Beispiel dafür gibt, wie durch die Arbeit mit elektronischen Datenbanken und die Analyse von Handschriften Neufunde verifiziert, zugeordnet und in die Edition aufgenommen werden können.3

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Habscheid, Stephan, Michael Bongardt, Christine Hrncal, and Jin Zhao. "Editorial: Humboldt und »Humboldt«." Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 48, no. 4 (December 2018): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41244-018-0118-2.

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Yi, Jia, and Jinxian Wu. "Alexander von Humboldt in China." Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202301014.

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The dissemination of Alexander von Humboldt’s ideas in China can be traced back to the late Qing dynasty, where a few articles in English-language newspapers served as the earliest means of exposure. However, the reach and availability of these articles were highly limited. It was not until the Republican era that Humboldt gained a relatively broader publicity through the translations of foreign academic works. The general public’s acquaintance with Humboldt mostly came from the extensive distribution of textbooks as well as biographical dictionaries of renowned scientists and explorers. Nevertheless, Humboldt’s reputation coexisted with a lack of comprehensive academic research. While his ideas were referenced in various fields, such as geography, social sciences, and humanities, there was a notable absence of in-depth exploration. The underlying reason can be the disparity between Humboldt’s global perspective and encyclopedic knowledge and the gradual subdivision of academic disciplines in the modernization process of Chinese universities. In recent years, Chinese literary researchers have taken the lead in revisiting Humboldt’s works, signaling a renewed interest. It reflects the growing recognition of interdisciplinary research in China and the significance attributed to holistic knowledge in fields like philosophy of science and anthropology. These developments offer an opportunity to dismantle the barriers that have impeded the blending of Humboldtian knowledge into the Chinese intellectual landscape.

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Vostrikova, Ekaterina V. "Von Humboldt on Language, Contemporary Linguistics, and the Mission of a Linguist." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 3 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-3-52-56.

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This article examines the ideas of W. von Humboldt on language and their similarities and differences with the fundamental ideas about the nature of natural languages within the generative framework founded by N. Chomsky. Chomsky famously argued that von Humboldt expressed and defended some of the key ideas of the generative approach. This paper relates Chomsky’s idea of the innate universal grammar and idea of generative rules as the underlying basis of the language creativity to the similar ideas of W. von Humboldt. The paper also discusses Humboldt’s problematic from the generative perspective view that natural languages can have a primitive or an advance grammar. The paper considers a possible explanation for the fact that this idea seemed consistent to Humboldt with the idea of the innate universal grammar. The contemporary linguistics views all grammars of all languages as equal because a natural language is considered to be a biological feature of our species developed in the process of evolution. This idea was not present in Humboldt’s philosophy, which made it possible for him to think that some natural languages have not fully developed a potential hidden in its speakers. In this regard, the author considers the question of the social mission of the linguist; emphasizes that this is a fight against prejudices based on unscientific understanding of languages and dialects.

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Taylor, Sabrina S., Marty L. Leonard, and Daryl J. Boness. "Aggressive Nest Intrusions by Male Humboldt Penguins." Condor 103, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.1.162.

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Abstract During observations at a breeding colony of Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), we noted five male penguins enter nests occupied by breeding pairs and engage in aggressive interactions with the resident adult. These nest intrusions resulted in egg loss or infanticide, and accounted for 11.1% of breeding failure in the colony. Two intruder males ultimately mated with respective resident females. This behavior had not been observed previously in Humboldt Penguins and we suggest that it may occur when males are unable to obtain mates through advertising at the nest. Intrusion behavior may slow down population recovery in this endangered species.

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Levin, Iris I., Michael J. Adkesson, Maranda Evans, Cindee K. Rettke, and Patricia G. Parker. "No evidence for Galapagos Plasmodium lineage arriving via Humboldt Current seabirds." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 1 (2014): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140037.

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Avian malaria, caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium, has recently been detected in the endangered Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus). Understanding possible routes of parasite and pathogen introduction is important for management of small and isolated populations, because island populations can be at higher risk of adverse effects due to lower immunity. One possible means of introduction could be through contact with pelagic birds from coastal South America. In order to better understand the origins of Plasmodium in Galapagos penguins, we used a PCR protocol to test for haemosporidian parasites in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), the sister species of Galapagos penguins, and two other Humboldt Current endemics, the guanay cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii) and the Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus). None of these seabirds, all sampled at Punta San Juan, Peru, tested positive for haemosporidian parasites. Although the strong Humboldt Current flows from Antarctica up the South American coast and towards Galapagos at the equator, contact rates between these Humboldt endemics and Galapagos birds might still be rare. Despite negative results, this information is important for furthering our knowledge of Plasmodium in Galapagos and in our efforts to effectively manage wildlife diseases.

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Baek, SM, SW Lee, AR Lee, JS Bang, MM Seo, T. Oh, SK Choi, et al. "Septicaemia due to a Proteus infection in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 12 (December 23, 2019): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2019-vetmed.

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A 2-year-old male Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) died after a very brief period of illness at a zoo aquarium; the penguin showed sudden depression, anorexia, dyspnoea, and had recurrent melena a day prior to death. The gross examination revealed an extensive bilious effusion in the abdominal cavity due to a gallbladder rupture. Moreover, abscess formation, purulent exudate, severe congestion, and haemorrhages were observed in the trachea and parenchymal organs such as the kidneys and the lungs. A histopathological examination revealed a fibrin deposition with a severe haemorrhage and secondary infiltration of chronic-active inflammatory cells in the parabronchi, atria, and air capillaries and blood vessels of the lungs as well as in most of the parenchymal organs. Moreover, Gram-negative bacilli were found in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tracts including the small and large intestines accompanied by severe epithelial necrosis and the capsule of the liver. Especially, bile pigments were microscopically observed in the whole liver, which indicated a gallbladder rupture. Samples collected from the trachea, lungs, and blood were cultured on a blood agar, and the pure colonies of Proteus genus were isolated. Proteus mirabilis, P. penneri, P. vulgaris, and P. cibarius were identified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a result, the diagnosis was confirmed as Proteus septicaemia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant infection by different Proteus species that eventually resulted in septicaemia in a Humboldt penguin, and it will provide valuable information for zoo veterinarians for its diagnosis as well, since Humboldt penguins are the most widely found penguins in zoos and Proteus septicaemia in the penguins has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported as yet.

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Van Buren, A. N., and P. Dee Boersma. "Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in the Northern Hemisphere." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119, no. 2 (June 2007): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-130.1.

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Feltrer Rambaud, Y., E. J. Flach, and K. P. Freeman. "Malignant melanoma in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Veterinary Record 153, no. 7 (August 16, 2003): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.153.7.217.

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Barash, Raisa Ed. "Alexander von Humboldt: the Outstanding Natural Scientist, the Silent Ideologist of Multiculturalism." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 5 (2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-5-17-20.

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The author studies the reception of A. von Humboldt of the humanitarian problems of his time. In his works Humboldt articulated many ideas of the just social order and even of multiculturalism. But despite great interest towards the natural science of the regions he visited, the researcher avoided public judgments about social problems of these states’ residents. A. Humboldt criticized many actual social problems: aggressive cultural assimilation, colonialism, slavery, social inequality etc., but avoided public demands of social transformations in the regions he visited. He either could reject any violent social transformations or looking for loyalty of the state’s authorities, that financed and organized his expeditions. A. Humboldt, the opponent of slavery, never once spoke critically about slavery in a personal conversation or correspondence with T. Jefferson. During his journey across Russia, the scientist was extremely careful in his judgments about the Russian bondmen. The inconsistency of the Humboldt’s personal liberal position and his humanitarian blindness to socio-political problems illustrates the problem of the relationship between people of authority and people of knowledge, that was announce by F. Znanetsky. Humboldt who was primarily such a lay counselor just focused on his own academic research thar was his main priority.

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Reddy, V. R. A. P., F. Vercammen, I. Trus, and H. J. Nauwynck. "Contemporary outbreaks of different avipoxviruses in Humboldt penguins of wild animal park Planckendael and in chickens of commercial poultry farms in Belgium." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i1.16303.

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In the present study, the first outbreak of a penguinpox virus (PPV) in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and four outbreaks of fowlpox virus (FPV) in layer chickens are reported. Clinically, cutaneous wart-like growths were observed around the eyes in four juvenile Humboldt penguins and cutaneous nodular lesions in the comb, wattles, around the eyes and other unfeathered skin parts of layer chickens. Histopathology (FPV and PPV), electron microscopy (PPV), virus isolation (FPV) and PCR amplification (FPV and PPV) confirmed that both isolates were avipoxviruses (APVs). According to the phylogenetic analysis of the partial P4b core protein gene, the Belgian Humboldt PPV clustered with sequences of free-range (domestic and synanthrope bird species) and wild bird species of the United States and Europe (99 - 100% homology), and all four Belgian FPV isolates clustered with FPV isolates of chickens, turkeys, canary and FPV attenuated live vaccines from all over the world (100% homology).

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Rebok, Sandra. "A New Approach: Alexander von Humboldt's Perception of Colonial Spanish America as Reflected in his Travel Diaries." Itinerario 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300000073.

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AbstractThis study presents an in-depth analysis of Alexander von Humboldt's description and criticism of the various colonial societies of Spanish America which he visited during his well-known expedition through the Americas (1799–1804). His criticism of colonialism in general, deeply rooted in his personal convictions, has already been the focal point of several scholarly studies; however, during his American expedition Humboldt offered a more differentiated assessment of specific colonial societies, namely by comparing various regional and local traditions and developments. This differentiated assessment of Spanish American colonial societies has yet to be analysed. This essay focuses on Humboldt's little known personal diaries, which offer a wealth of interesting comments on colonial societies, but which have been scarcely used in international Humboldt research, since they have not yet been translated entirely.

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Mandea, M., M. Korte, A. Soloviev, and A. Gvishiani. "Alexander von Humboldt's charts of the Earth's magnetic field: an assessment based on modern models." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2010): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-1-63-2010.

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Abstract. The 19th century witnessed a resurgence of interest in Earth's magnetic field. Both observational and theoretical aspects were involved, and one of the emblematic figures of this period was Alexander von Humboldt. Throughout a long life he maintained a strong interest in a broad area of subjects, however, here we are interested in his role in geomagnetism, and particularly in his pioneering contributions to charting the geomagnetic field. Alexander von Humboldt efforts in measuring and charting the Earth's magnetic field are recounted and the maps of declination, inclination and total intensity he had prepared are compared, favorably, with maps for the same epoch based on a modern model of the geomagnetic field, gufm1. This modern assessment of the accuracy of von Humboldt's geomagnetic charts illustrates the importance of his work, being also our homage to the 150th anniversary of the death of Alexander von Humboldt.

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Celis, José E., Winfred Espejo, Janeide de A. Padilha, and Marco Sandoval. "Assessing the influence of Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) by excrements on the levels of trace and rare earth elements in the soil." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 50, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue5-fulltext-2933.

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Rare earth elements (REE) and some transition metals (e.g. Nb) are a group of chemicals that have recently been widely used in industrial processes due to the increasing demand for new technologies. As a result, these chemicals are increasingly being released into the environment, which could mean that these pollutants could modify marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Seabirds, such as penguins, can biotransport pollutants and nutrients from the sea to land through excreta. However, there is no information about the role of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) in bio-transporting emerging contaminants such as REE. This study aimed to assess any possible contribution of Humboldt penguins to the geochemical composition of some terrestrial areas. Excreta samples were collected from Chañaral Island, one of the most important sites in Chile for the conservation of Humboldt penguins. The results showed that this species tends to contribute to soil enrichment with REE (Ce, La, Nd, and Pr) and Nb through excreta, as well as with carbon. More studies are needed to see the potential impacts on the soil.

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Sweet, Paul R. "Wilhelm von Humboldt, Fichte, and the Idéologues (1794–1805)." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.3.03swe.

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Summary This paper – whose point of departure is Hans Aarsleff s thesis that the intellectual environment provided by the Idéologues in the years 1798–1801 decisively influenced Humboldt’s resolve to make the study of language his central intellectual preoccupation and decisively shaped his ideas about language – comes to the following conclusions: (1) In his years in Jena (1794–97) Humboldt’s concern with problems of language was already manifest, and formulations characteristic of his mature linguistics already appear in his writings. At this time he became intimately conversant with Fichte’s philosophy and Fichtean concepts made a lasting imprint on his approach to general grammar. Humboldt, however, did not cast aside altogether what he had absorbed from the tradition of Locke and the Enlightenment. He remained firmly committed to empirical methods in what he considered their appropriate sphere. (2) In his first year in Paris (1798) Humboldt confronted head-on the leading Idéologues with a critique from a Kantian-Fichtean standpoint, but he manifested no preoccupation with the Idéologues’ ideas about linguistic matters per se. During his later years in Paris he found a more congenial intellectual partner in Joseph Degérando, and serious exchanges about linguistic questions did occur, with Humboldt however as the dominant partner. Meanwhile Humboldt’s fascination with the Basques was the wedge opening up an approach to the philosophy of language based on detailed study of many languages. In moving in this direction he was propelled mainly by an inner dynamic rather than by intellectual ‘influences’. Or so it would seem. Meanwhile he became disenchanted with philosophical systems. (3) A subsidiary theme is Humboldt’s relations with Herder.

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Debergh, Hanne, Pierre Becker, Francis Vercammen, Katrien Lagrou, Roel Haesendonck, Claude Saegerman, and Ann Packeu. "Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Humboldt Penguins—Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from a Belgian Zoo, 2017–2022." Antibiotics 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030584.

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Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative agent of avian aspergillosis and results in significant health problems in birds, especially those living in captivity. The fungal contamination by A. fumigatus in the environment of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), located in a Belgian zoo, was assessed through the analysis of air, water, sand and nest samples during four non-consecutive days in 2021–2022. From these samples, potential azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) isolates were detected using a selective culture medium. A total of 28 veterinary isolates obtained after necropsy of Humboldt penguins and other avian species from the zoo were also included. All veterinary and suspected ARAF isolates from the environment were characterized for their azole-resistance profile by broth microdilution. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance against at least one medical azole were systematically screened for mutations in the cyp51A gene. A total of 14 (13.6%) ARAF isolates were identified from the environment (n = 8) and from Humboldt penguins (n = 6). The TR34/L98H mutation was observed in all resistant environmental strains, and in two resistant veterinary strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of this mutation in A. fumigatus isolates from Humboldt penguins. During the period 2017–2022, pulmonary aspergillosis was confirmed in 51 necropsied penguins, which reflects a death rate due to aspergillosis of 68.0%, mostly affecting adults. Microsatellite polymorphism analysis revealed a high level of diversity among environmental and veterinary A. fumigatus isolates. However, a cluster was observed between one veterinary isolate and six environmental strains, all resistant to medical azoles. In conclusion, the environment of the Humboldt penguins is a potential contamination source of ARAF, making their management even more complex.

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Schoeps, Julius H. "Im Kreise der Aufgeklärten Der Einfluss Moses Mendelssohns und David Friedländers auf die Reformkonzepte Wilhelm von Humboldts." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 62, no. 3 (2010): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007310792513397.

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AbstractThe following article aims at investigating the influence of the Haskalah on Wilhelm von Humboldt's reform plans. The argument is that Moses Mendelssohn and his student David Friedländer indeed had contact with Wilhelm von Humboldt. Nevertheless, their influence was not direct, but rather indirect. The article shows that Mendelssohn and Friedländer inspired some of Wilhelm von Humboldt's ideas.

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Weichler, Tanja, Stefan Garthe, Guillermo Luna-Jorquera, and Julio Moraga. "Seabird distribution on the Humboldt Current in northern Chile in relation to hydrography, productivity, and fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.07.001.

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AbstractFactors affecting seabird distribution in the Humboldt Current upwelling system in northern Chile were studied in January 1999 using ship transect counts. Of 24 species recorded, the Peruvian booby (Sula variegata), the kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) and the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) were the most abundant. Species composition varied among different areas of the system and distribution patterns differed substantially among eight of the more abundant species. Most species showed links to variation in environmental factors (trawler distribution, SST and chlorophyll concentration). Principal component analysis identified a feeding-flock factor as the most important one for explaining observed distribution patterns. One-third of all birds recorded were associated in feeding flocks and 3% of all individuals were directly attending fishing vessels.

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Hui, Clifford A. "Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 2165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-318.

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Analyses of high-speed film of captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) show that there is no correlation between the radii of submerged turns and swimming speed. The sharpest turns had a mean turn radius (n = 5) of 0.14 m (0.24 body lengths), were powered by beating wings, and used multiple steering structures (beak, tail, feet, wings) and a flexing body. This turn radius is similar to that of fast-swimming fish with rigid bodies and lunate tails but is greater than that of slower fish with flexible bodies. The maximum turning rate was 10.05 radians s−1. Maneuverability is augmented by neck-extending strike behavior and porpoising leaps.

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Paraschiv, I. A., E. Condrut, E. Ciobotaru, L. Tudor, and M. Militaru. "Generalized granulomatous disease in a humboldt penguin (spheniscus humboldti)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 152, no. 1 (January 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.195.

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Cho, K‐O, T. Kimura, K. Ochiai, and C. Itakura. "Gizzard adenocarcinoma in an aged Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Avian Pathology 27, no. 1 (February 1998): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459808419281.

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Burke, Victoria I. "Toward the Idea of a Character: Kant, Hegel, and the End of Logic." Journal of Aesthetic Education 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.55.4.0001.

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Abstract In the prime years of Hegel’s philosophical career, Prussia made progressive reforms to childhood education. Hegel had long supported reform. In his early Stuttgart Gymnasium Validictory Address (1788), he had advocated for a public interest in widespread public education as a means for developing the children’s potential. Like Wilhelm von Humboldt, Hegel believed in education’s power to promote individual development (Bildung) as a path of freedom, which is achieved largely by expanding children’s linguistic capacity since language, as Humboldt understands it, is the formative organ of thought (bildende Organ des Gedankens). By combining Humboldt’s insights (especially his discussion of the power of Sanskrit) with themes in Hegel’s Science of Logic, I will demonstrate that the mind’s power to make judgments is a forward movement that can be arrested by epistemic injustice. Humboldt’s reflections on linguistic flowering and the factors that might impede it can help us understand epistemic injustice as an interference in linguistic cognitive mediation (Vermittlung).

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Nye, Andrea. "Aimé Bonpland: A Land Ethic in the La Plata." Environmental Ethics 41, no. 4 (2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201941442.

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Recent books promote Alexander Humboldt as an environmental hero, dismissing Humboldt’s partner in exploration, the botanist Aimé Bonpland, in a few inaccurate phrases: left Europe, went native somewhere in South America, did some farming. Bonpland’s writings and his forty years of regional development, botanical research, ethno-pharmacology, and environmental conservation in Argentina and Brazil present a better model for an environmental ethics than Humboldt’s climb to fame in Europe.

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Shchedrina, Irina O. "W. von Humboldt’s Ideas as Locus Communis in Russian Philosophy (Casus of V. Weidle)." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 5 (2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-5-21-25.

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The article substantiates the idea that the ideas of W. von Humboldt had a significant impact on the formation of the thematic priorities of the Russian philosophical, scientific and humanitarian thought of the 20th century. In all spheres, one way or another concerning the nature of language and art, his reasoning turned out to be strikingly relevant and consonant with the intellectual searches of Russian philosophers of the last century. Thus, his concept of the internal form of language becomes a locus communis in their scholarly communication. In this article, the author outlines the themes that make it possible to reveal the artistic-aesthetic, hermeneutic, and epistemological significance of the intellectual continuity that goes from Humboldt to Russian thinkers. In the works of G.G. Shpet, P.A. Florensky, S.N. Bulgakov, and other philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century, dealing with the problems of language and the Word as unique humanitarian objects, one way or another, there is a connection with Humboldt’s reflections on art and language. It is noteworthy that in the second half of the twentieth century, the interest of Russian philosophers in the work of Humboldt did not weaken. This, in particular, is evidenced by the works of the representative of the philosophy of the Russian diaspora V.V. Weidle, in which the methodological transfer of Humboldt’s ideas from the linguistic sphere to the artistic-aesthetic and theoretical-cognitive tradition of Russian philosophy is effected.

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Vostrikova, Ekaterina V., and Petr S. Kusliy. "Language as a Dynamic System." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 1 (2020): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057110.

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In this article, we examine the key ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt about language and their relevance to the contemporary research in the field of linguistics. In his works, N. Chomsky describes Humboldt as a key predecessor of the generative approach. The authors discuss the concrete aspects of Humboldt’s influence on generative linguistics drawing special attention to his notion of Form. The authors also observe that Humboldt’s works also contain statements about the deep differences that exist between different languages, as well as statements that different languages can form different pictures of the world. These ideas resonate with philosophical ideas about linguistic relativity (the famous Sapir – Whorf hypothesis), which are incompatible with generative linguistics. The authors try to reconcile an apparent contradiction by appealing to two different perspectives on language that they call the dynamic and the static one. They provide arguments in favor of the former and explore existing arguments against the later, which is associated with the aforementioned hypothesis. The authors conclude by pointing out that Humboldt’s legacy has so many facets that it introduces to incompatible views on language each of which had a serious impact on the studies of language in the 20th century.

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Xie, Shangzhe, and Todd J. McWhorter. "Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentration as a Tool for Assessing Impacts of Interventions in Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)." Birds 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2010007.

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It is currently unknown if current guidelines for collecting and interpreting blood corticosterone in flying birds can be extrapolated to penguins. It is also difficult to collect blood quickly without causing stress to a penguin. Therefore, immunoreactive fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCMs) may be the most practical and minimally invasive way of monitoring the stress levels of penguins. This study investigated the reliability of FGCMs for monitoring stress levels in captive Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore. Humboldt Penguin feces were randomly sampled and pooled from the exhibit for 2 months. The penguins were restrained and transported on three separate occasions to simulate stressful events. The feces were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay to measure corticosterone levels. There were significant increases lasting 3 to 7 days in the FGCM levels after a stressful event. This method was then used to test whether accelerometer vests used for behavior quantification caused stress responses in these birds. There was no significant difference in FGCMs between time periods with and without the accelerometer vests. The results indicated that FGCMs can be an accurate indication of capture-, restraint-, and transport-related stress in Humboldt Penguins, and that accelerometer vests do not appear to cause stress.

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Werner, Sylwia. "Annäherung an den Feind." Scientia Poetica 27, no. 1 (November 20, 2023): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scipo-2023-003.

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Abstract Alexander von Humboldt’s voyage to South America (1799-1804) was an event of the century. It was accompanied by the discovery of numerous animal and plant species, but also by fascinating descriptions of landscapes, monuments and the indigenous population and their everyday life. This article presents a little-known text by Humboldt that describes a borderline experience that terrified the naturalist, namely the confrontation with the mosquitoes living on the Orinoco. With this example, Humboldt not only shows that in the case of terrible experiences, the objects of research can no longer be described neutrally, but also illustrates that empirical nature research must intertwine with economic, ecological, geopolitical, but above all intercultural and anti-colonial aspects if it wants to take complex phenomena into account.

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Wallace, Roberta S., Jean Dubach, Margaret G. Michaels, Nicholas S. Keuler, Edward D. Diebold, Karen Grzybowski, J. Andrew Teare, and Mary Jo Willis. "Morphometric Determination of Gender in Adult Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti )." Waterbirds 31, no. 3 (September 2008): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695-31.3.448.

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SHINDO, Junji, and Kan KOBAYASHI. "The Hyoid Apparatus of Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 8, no. 1 (2003): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5686/jjzwm.8.79.

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Sparrow, Sophie, and Heather MacIntosh. "Veterinary nursing of a dyspnoeic juvenile Humboldt penguin Spheniscus humboldti." Veterinary Nursing Journal 34, no. 7 (June 18, 2019): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.2019.1612299.

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Laughlin, D. S., D. M. Ialeggio, J. G. Trupkiewicz, and M. M. Sleeper. "Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 18, no. 3 (September 2016): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2016.04.001.

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Wilson, Rory P., Marie-Pierre Wilson, David Cameron Duffy, Braulio Araya M, and Norbert Klages. "Diving behaviour and prey of the Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)." Journal für Ornithologie 130, no. 1 (January 1989): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01647164.

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Culik, B. M., and G. Luna-Jorquera. "Satellite tracking of Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti ) in northern Chile." Marine Biology 128, no. 4 (June 26, 1997): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050120.

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Costantini, V., A. C. Guaricci, P. Laricchiuta, F. Rausa, and G. M. Lacalandra. "DNA sexing in Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) from feather samples." Animal Reproduction Science 106, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.12.013.

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Suarez-Yana, Tania, and Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto. "Resultados preliminares de valores gematológicos en una población silvestre de Spheniscus humboldti en el sur de Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 29, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v29i1.14205.

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El objetivo de este reporte fue presentar datos sobre el perfil hematológico del pingüino de Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) en Punta Coles, Perú. Se realizaron evaluaciones sanitarias en las que se establecieron valores de hematocrito, recuento de leucocitos y fórmula leucocitaria en cuatro individuos. La sangre (5 ml) se extrajo mediante punción yugular. Los resultaron fueron: hematocrito 44.5±4.12%, recuento de glóbulos blancos 17.25±4.57x10³/μl, heterófilos 9.85±1.91x10³/μl, linfocitos 3.7±0.51x10³/μl, monocitos 1.52±0.99x10³/μl y eosinófilos 1.3±0.51x10³/μl. Los linfocitos presentaron valores más bajos que otras poblaciones silvestres y en cautiverio de S. humboldti.

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Catania, Kenneth C. "Leaping eels electrify threats, supporting Humboldt’s account of a battle with horses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 25 (June 6, 2016): 6979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604009113.

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In March 1800, Alexander von Humboldt observed the extraordinary spectacle of native fisherman collecting electric eels (Electrophorus electricus) by “fishing with horses” [von Humboldt A (1807)Ann Phys25:34–43]. The strategy was to herd horses into a pool containing electric eels, provoking the eels to attack by pressing themselves against the horses while discharging. Once the eels were exhausted, they could be safely collected. This legendary tale of South American adventures helped propel Humboldt to fame and has been recounted and illustrated in many publications, but subsequent investigators have been skeptical, and no similar eel behavior has been reported in more than 200 years. Here I report a defensive eel behavior that supports Humboldt’s account. The behavior consists of an approach and leap out of the water during which the eel presses its chin against a threatening conductor while discharging high-voltage volleys. The effect is to short-circuit the electric organ through the threat, with increasing power diverted to the threat as the eel attains greater height during the leap. Measurement of voltages and current during the behavior, and assessment of the equivalent circuit, reveal the effectiveness of the behavior and the basis for its natural selection.

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Kartashyan, Mariam. "The Transformative Role of Ethics in Education." Journal of Ethics in Higher Education, no. 3 (December 22, 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/fr.jehe.2023.4640.

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The German philosopher, writer, and statesman Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) has played a key role in the transformation and development of education in Prussia and beyond its borders. If time is change and can be measured as progress towards social transformation, then time serves some concrete utility transposed in the field of education. For the purpose of social transformation and development of education, Humboldt has used various strategies, among which ethics or morals had a certain impact on education. Despite the importance of this aspect, the ethical understanding of the philosopher has not been researched deeply yet. The following paper analyses this question according to Humboldt’s writings and shows its relevance for education. The aim of this research is to reveal insights that have the potential to serve the development of education even now.

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Hermes, Volker. "Humboldt-Hybride." Figurationen 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/figurationen-2016-0107.

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Barbosa, Tulio. "Humboldt anticolonial." Observatorium: Revista Eletrônica de Geografia 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/oreg-v10-n3-2019-58713.

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O presente trabalho é resultado da participação em evento organizado pelo PET MEC Geografia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e convidado para transcrever a fala que ocorreu no seminário “Clássicos da Geografia”, tal evento foi organizado pelo PET MEC Geografia tendo como tutor o professor Dr. Mirlei Fachini Vicente Pereira. Neste sentido, partimos da compreensão de Humboldt como um cientista que enxergava na pesquisa a própria ação quando essa consorciada com a libertação de tudo que possam causar sofrimento O fascínio com a obra de Humboldt na Geografia brasileira é resultado de uma postura acadêmica distante da sociedade. A obra de Humboldt é o resultado de uma postura radical contra a opressão, o racismo e a violência europeia empreendida aos povos oprimidos em todos os espaços colonizados; assim, esses fundamentos anticolonialistas em Humboldt precisam de ecos na própria Geografia brasileira. O anticolonialismo de Humboldt nos força a pensar uma ciência geográfica comprometida com a práxis transformadora da realidade por meio da destruição de toda forma de opressão.

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Alpatov, Vladimir. "Humboldt russe." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 33 (November 19, 2012): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2012.821.

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Cet article examine la façon dont en Russie (y compris l’Union soviétique) se sont succédé des périodes d’intérêt pour Humboldt et d’oubli de ses idées. Les période d’intérêt ont été les années 1850-60 (A. Potebnja, I. Minaev), 1920-30 (G. Špet, V. Vološinov, R. Šor, V. Abaev, L. Jakubinskij, etc.) et 1970-80 (V. Zvegincev, G. Ramišvili, V. Postovalova, etc.). Dans les intervalles, il est rare qu’on ait évoqué Humboldt de façon sérieuse.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Humboldt'

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