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Journal articles on the topic 'Humidity passivation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Guo, Liangui, Yulin Li, Wulin Song, Bianyang He, Mengli Yang, and Lei Zhu. "Effect of Humidity on the Thermal Properties of Aluminum Nanopowders with Different Surface Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081147.

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To investigate the effect of surface coating materials on the humidity stability of aluminum (Al) nanopowders, three kinds of core–shell structure Al nanopowders with an Al2O3 passivation coating, carbon coating, and plasticizer dioctyl sebacate (DOS) coating were prepared through laser-induction complex heating method. After one year’s storage at 95% relative humidity, their thermal properties were tested through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimeter (TG) analysis. The results show that the thermal properties of Al2O3-passivated Al nanopowders are entirely lost under

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2

Kim, Wook, Sumaira Yasmeen, Chi Thang Nguyen, Han-Bo-Ram Lee, and Dukhyun Choi. "Toward Enhanced Humidity Stability of Triboelectric Mechanical Sensors via Atomic Layer Deposition." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (2021): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071795.

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Humid conditions can disrupt the triboelectric signal generation and reduce the accuracy of triboelectric mechanical sensors. This study demonstrates a novel design approach using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to enhance the humidity resistance of triboelectric mechanical sensors. Titanium oxide (TiOx) was deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film as a moisture passivation layer. To determine the effective ALD process cycle, the TiOx layer was deposited with 100 to 2000 process cycles. The triboelectric behavior and surface chemical bonding states were analyzed before and after moisture

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3

Lee, Tzu-Yi, Tsau-Hua Hsieh, Wen-Chien Miao, et al. "High-Reliability Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Atomic Layer Deposition Passivation for Novel Photonic Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (2022): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234140.

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In this study, we propose highly stable perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) coated with Al2O3 using atomic layer deposition (ALD) passivation technology. This passivation layer effectively protects the QDs from moisture infiltration and oxidation as well as from high temperatures and any changes in the material characteristics. They exhibit excellent wavelength stability and reliability in terms of current variation tests, long-term light aging tests, and temperature/humidity tests (60°/90%). A white-light system has been fabricated by integrating a micro-LED and red phosphor exhibiting a high data

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4

Guo, Pengfei, Qian Ye, Xiaokun Yang, et al. "Surface & grain boundary co-passivation by fluorocarbon based bifunctional molecules for perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 21%." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 6 (2019): 2497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11524a.

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An effective strategy of surface & grain boundary co-passivation is demonstrated to access perovskite solar cells with 21.31% champion efficiency as well as a highly improved stability of less than 3% efficiency loss after 2500 hours at a humidity of 70%.

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5

Shane, Garvey, D. Holmes Justin, and Long Brenda. "Towards Ge-based electronic devices: increased longevity of alkanethiol-passivated Ge(100) in low humidity environments." Thin Solid Films 759 (November 14, 2022): 139466(1–13). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319250.

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Germanium is a critically important material for future complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices, however, to maximise its potential it is necessary to develop a robust passivation process that prevents Ge re- oxidation for a queue time of 24 h. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on Ge have previously been shown to inhibit oxidation; however, re-oxidation eventually occurs when exposed to ambient conditions. Herein, it is shown that humidity plays a key role in the degradation of the SAM, ultimately resulting in re- oxidation. To demonstrate this, thiol-passivated Ge(100)

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6

Qin, Wenbo, Wen Yue, and Chengbiao Wang. "Understanding integrated effects of humidity and interfacial transfer film formation on tribological behaviors of sintered polycrystalline diamond." RSC Advances 5, no. 66 (2015): 53484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09327a.

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7

Tachibana, Shogo, Yi-Fei Wang, Tomohito Sekine, et al. "Flexible printed temperature sensor with high humidity stability using bilayer passivation." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 3 (2021): 034002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac0fce.

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8

He, Dingchao, Xiaoxiao Xu, Zheng Liang, et al. "Defect passivation and humidity protection for perovskite solar cells enabled by 1-dodecanethiol." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 30 (2021): 9584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01720a.

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The introduction of 1-dodecanethiol surface modifier results in defects repair and enhanced perovskite film stability against high humidity, which positively affect charge transport mechanisms and boost the performance of perovskite solar cells.

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9

Hossein-Babaei, Faramarz, Tahereh Akbari, and Benyamin Harkinezhad. "Dopant passivation by adsorbed water monomers causes high humidity sensitivity in PEDOT: PSS thin films at ppm-level humidity." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 293 (August 2019): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.018.

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10

Lee, Ju-Hyeon, Tae-Yang Choi, Ho-Sung Cheon, et al. "Conformal and Transparent Al2O3 Passivation Coating via Atomic Layer Deposition for High Aspect Ratio Ag Network Electrodes." Metals 13, no. 3 (2023): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030528.

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We demonstrated conformal Al2O3 passivation via atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a flexible Ag network electrode possessing a high aspect ratio. The Ag network electrode passivated by the ALD-grown Al2O3 film demonstrated constant optical transmittance and mechanical flexibility relative to the bare Ag network electrode. Owing to the conformal deposition of the Al2O3 layer on the high aspect ratio Ag network electrode, the electrode exhibited more favorable stability than its bare Ag-network counterpart. To demonstrate the feasibility of Al2O3 passivation via ALD on a flexible Ag network, the

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11

Yan, Jun, Cuili Zhang, Han Li, et al. "(Digital Presentation) Stable Organic Passivated Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 22%." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 7 (2022): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017645mtgabs.

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The organic passivated CNT/Si solar cell is a new type of low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell, with challenges concerning the stability of the organic layer used for passivation. In this work, the stability of the organic layer is studied with respect to the internal and external (humidity) water content and additionally long-term stability for low moisture environments. It is found that the organic passivated CNT/Si complex interface is not stable, despite both the organic passivation layer and CNTs being stable on their own and is due to the CNTs providing an additional path for water molec

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12

Guo, Fengming, Xuteng Yu, Yuheng Li, et al. "ALD-Deposited Hydroxyl-Rich NiOx to Enhance SAM Anchoring for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells." Molecules 30, no. 6 (2025): 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061299.

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The interface between nickel oxide (NiOx) and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) often suffers from limited adsorption strength, poor energy-level alignment, and inadequate defect passivation, which hinder device performance and stability. To address these issues, we introduce a hybrid hole selective layer (HSL) combining atomic layer deposition (ALD)-fabricated NiOx with full-aromatic SAM molecules, creating a highly stable and efficient interface. ALD NiOx, enriched with hydroxyl groups, provides robust adsorption sites for the SAM molecule MeO-PhPACz, ensuring

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13

Li, M. J., and M. E. Taylor. "Characterization of Contamination Effects on Polyimide Film Fracture Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 1203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012903.

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Polyimide films have been used in many applications for their excellent mechanical, thermal mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. In microelectronic industries, for example, polyimide films are utilized as dielectric materials in high density interconnects, passivation layers for semiconductor devices, and substrates for flexible printed circuits. One of the major concerns in these applications is the degradation due to deficient environments in fields. The change of environmental conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, and containmination, may affect mechanical or elect

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14

Niarchos, Georgios, Georges Dubourg, Georgios Afroudakis, et al. "Humidity Sensing Properties of Paper Substrates and Their Passivation with ZnO Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications." Sensors 17, no. 3 (2017): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030516.

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15

Cimmino, Davide, and Sergio Ferrero. "High-Voltage Temperature Humidity Bias Test (HV-THB): Overview of Current Test Methodologies and Reliability Performances." Electronics 9, no. 11 (2020): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111884.

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The high voltage temperature humidity bias test (HV-THB) has become increasingly popular for evaluating the performances of power semiconductor devices. Given the new challenges of the power semiconductor industry, several applications and devices need to be designed to withstand harsh environments during working operations, with a remarkable focus on high-humidity conditions. The HV-THB test allows one to activate and study different failure mechanisms which were not highlighted by the standard low voltage THB test, enabling new designs in several energy conversion fields, such as energy harv

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16

Sato, Ryota, Kazuki Umemoto, Satoshi Asakura, and Akito Masuhara. "Enhanced Air Stability of Perovskite Quantum Dots by Manganese Passivation." Technologies 10, no. 1 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10010010.

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Organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have attracted attention due to their excellent optical properties, e.g., high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs; >70%), a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM; 25 nm or less), and color tunability adjusted by the halide components in an entire tunability (from 450 nm to 730 nm). On the other hand, PeQD stability against air, humidity, and thermal conditions has still not been enough, which disturbs their application. To overcome these issues, with just a focus on the air stability, Mn2+ ion passivated perovskite quantum dots (Mn/MA

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17

Li, Fu Sheng, Xiao Chu Liu, Li Yao, et al. "Research of Sensing Probe Material in Wet and Dry Soil." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1715.

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Soil moisture sensor probe is the basic and key part of the automated water-saving irrigation equipment. It can measure soil moisture accurately and in real-timely, while metal probes have a serious problem of corrosion and passivation as working in the soil which is a severe environment of the soil of high humidity and complex chemical compositions. Graphite gelling of different content of graphite composite material under both wet and dry conditions, the experimental study, by testing the experimental data of its resistivity contrast to identify the proportion of the composite material of gr

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18

Lin, Yen-Hung, Vikram, Fengning Yang, et al. "Bandgap-universal passivation enables stable perovskite solar cells with low photovoltage loss." Science 384, no. 6697 (2024): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ado2302.

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The efficiency and longevity of metal-halide perovskite solar cells are typically dictated by nonradiative defect-mediated charge recombination. In this work, we demonstrate a vapor-based amino-silane passivation that reduces photovoltage deficits to around 100 millivolts (>90% of the thermodynamic limit) in perovskite solar cells of bandgaps between 1.6 and 1.8 electron volts, which is crucial for tandem applications. A primary-, secondary-, or tertiary-amino–silane alone negatively or barely affected perovskite crystallinity and charge transport, but amino-silanes that incorporate primary

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19

Sintiam, Thanakrit, Natpapon Saranrom, Surachet Phadungdhitidhada, Supab Choopun, and Sukrit Sucharitakul. "Enhancement of Perovskite solar cells performance using electrochemically grown TiO₂ quantum dots." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2431, no. 1 (2023): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012054.

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Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been at the center of attention for research and development of clean energy technology. The platform promises high performance with relatively cheap and low-temperature processing. The main hindrance of the platform is low stability and performance degradation due to humidity. Most defects and degradation often stem from interfaces between the perovskite layer (PSVK) and carrier transporting layer. This work aimed to solve such an issue by improving the interface between the Perovskite layer (PSVK) and electron transporting layer (ETL) made of titan

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20

Matsushima, Hiroyuki, Yuki Mori, Akio Shima, and Noriyuki Iwamuro. "Dependence of humidity-stress impact on passivation film for edge termination area in 4H-SiC diodes." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 59, no. 10 (2020): 104003. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/abb719.

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21

Ku, Bonil, Junseong Kim, Yujin Son, Kyeongseok Min, and Sung-Hyeon Baeck. "Development of Electrolyte with Enhanced Corrosion Resistance for Sn Electroplating on Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 62, no. 3 (2024): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.3.180.

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Capacitors not only store and release electricity but selectively conduct alternating current. Among the various types of capacitors, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) have been widely used in automotive, smartphone, and wearable devices because of their compact size and high capacitance capabilities. In this study, we have developed an electrolyte for tin electroplating on multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) to address the barium leaching issue at the termination points of the MLCCs. This issue has been effectively mitigated by introducing NaHSO<sub>4</sub> into the conven

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22

James, Sarah, and Edith Joseph. "Microbial-Driven Stabilisation of Archaeological Iron Artefacts." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 2 (2021): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2020015.

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The instability of iron artefacts is rooted in salt contamination during burial and damages associated with exposure to alternative oxygen levels and high relative humidity once excavated. While a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments is utilised to remove the harmful ions (chlorides, sulphur species) and excess bulky corrosion products, these methods can be hazardous for conservation staff’s health, have limited success, or require extensive treatment times. Bio-based treatments provide a potentially greener alternative for removing damaging corrosion and creating biogenic mineral

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23

Rybakov, Vladimir, Anatoly Seliverstov, and Kseniia Usanova. "Steel profile corrosion resistance in contact with monolithic foam concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336502001.

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The study evaluates corrosion resistance of steel profiles in contact with monolithic foam concrete with a thickness of 5 and 10 mm. There are two types of samples: structural steel ones and cold-formed galvanized steel ones. A visual examination of samples exposed to high temperature and relative humidity is carried out. The corrosion resistance of profiles made of structural steel and cold-formed galvanized steel in full contact with monolithic foam concrete provides. Metal passivation (formation of a protective film) occurs due to the high alkalinity of foam concrete. The pH values of concr

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24

Tamaddon, Amir Hossein, Harold Philipsen, Paul W. Mertens, et al. "Watermark Formation on Bare Silicon: Impact of Illumination and Substrate Doping." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.89.

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The wet cleaning process plays an important role in advanced semiconductor industry. Particularly when bare silicon areas are exposed, wafer drying can result in undesired watermark (WM) residues on the surface [1-2]. In principle there are three components effecting the formation, shape and size of WM. 1) composition of the ambient like oxygen concentration, relative humidity and temperature affect WM formation [3]. 2) liquid: factors such as pH and the amount of dissolved species inside the liquid influence the WM composition. 3) substrate: for silicon for instance: surface passivation is im

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25

Tachibana, Shogo, Yi-Fei Wang, Tomohito Sekine, et al. "Corrigendum: Flexible printed temperature sensor with high humidity stability using bilayer passivation (2021 Flex. Print. Electron. 6 034002)." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 4 (2021): 049501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac2d83.

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26

Abdelmageed, Ghada, Heather Renee Sully, Sara Bonabi Naghadeh, Amr El-Hag Ali, Sue A. Carter, and Jin Z. Zhang. "Improved Stability of Organometal Halide Perovskite Films and Solar Cells toward Humidity via Surface Passivation with Oleic Acid." ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, no. 2 (2018): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.7b00069.

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27

Shrestha, Sagar, Sajjan Parajuli, Jinhwa Park, et al. "Improving Stability of Roll-to-Roll (R2R) Gravure-Printed Carbon Nanotube-Based Thin Film Transistors via R2R Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor-Deposited Silicon Nitride." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030559.

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have an advantage in printing thin film transistors (TFTs) due to their high carrier mobility, excellent chemical stability, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with solution-based processing. Thus, the printed SWCNT-based TFTs (pSWCNT-TFTs) showed significant technological potential such as integrated circuits, conformable sensors, and display backplanes. However, the long-term environmental stability of the pSWCNT-TFTs hinders their commercialization. Thus, to extend the stability of the pSWCNT-TFTs, such devices should be passivated with low wat

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28

Park, So Min, Mingyang Wei, Jian Xu, et al. "Engineering ligand reactivity enables high-temperature operation of stable perovskite solar cells." Science 381, no. 6654 (2023): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi4107.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consisting of interfacial two- and three-dimensional heterostructures that incorporate ammonium ligand intercalation have enabled rapid progress toward the goal of uniting performance with stability. However, as the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, additional tools that avoid progressive ligand intercalation are needed to minimize degradation at high temperatures. We used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically. We found that fluorinated anili

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29

Liao, Xiwei. "Research on the Reliability of Semiconductor Chips under Extreme Conditions and Strategies." Applied and Computational Engineering 162, no. 1 (2025): None. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.gl24395.

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Semiconductor chips face multiple challenges such as high temperatures, radiation, and mechanical vibrations in extreme environment applications like aerospace, automotive electronics, and nuclear energy. Their performance stability is crucial for system reliability. This research systematically analyzes the failure modes of chips under the combined action of multiple fields including temperature, radiation, and humidity. By adopting a technical approach that integrates in-situ testing, numerical simulation, and failure analysis, it reveals the primary failure mechanisms, such as gate oxide la

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30

Hu, Chongzhu, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Jun Chen, and Peng Gao. "Surface Passivation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites with Methylhydrazine Iodide for Enhanced Photovoltaic Device Performance." Inorganics 11, no. 4 (2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11040168.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are highly efficient in photovoltaic applications, making the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possible. However, the high density of defects on the surface significantly affects the performance of PSCs. To address this issue, we have demonstrated a facile post-treatment strategy utilizing methylhydrazine iodide (MHyI) to passivate the surface of the perovskite film. MHyI could co-ordinate with the dangling bonds on the surface of perovskite films, effectively passivating defects in the film and suppressing carrier non-radiative recombinat

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31

Liu, Bo-Tau, His-Sheng Su, I.-Ru Chen, et al. "Dual-functional passivation on highly-efficient air-processed FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells fabricated under high humidity without auxiliary equipment." Applied Surface Science Advances 25 (January 2025): 100683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100683.

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32

Bahtiar, Ayi, Rizka Yazibarahmah, Annisa Aprilia, and Darmawan Hidayat. "Improved the Performance and Stability at High Humidity of Perovskite Solar Cells by Mixed Cesium-Metylammonium Cations." Key Engineering Materials 860 (August 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.9.

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Perovskite solar cells have a great potential as competitor of silicon solar cells which have been dominated the market of solar cells since last decade, due to a tremendous improvement of their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Recently, a PCE of perovskite solar cells above 23% have been obtained. Moreover, perovskite solar cells can be fabricated using simple solution methods, therefore, the whole cost production of solar cells is less than half of silicon solar cells. However, their low stability in thermal and high humidity hinder them to be produced and commercially used to replace sili

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33

Redkina, Galina V., Alexandra S. Sergienko, Yurii I. Kuznetsov, and Oleg Yu Grafov. "Superhydrophobic Anticorrosive Phosphonate–Siloxane Films Formed on Zinc with Different Surface Morphology." Materials 15, no. 15 (2022): 5360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155360.

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The composition, structure, and protective and hydrophobic properties of nanoscale films formed layer-by-layer in solutions of sodium dodecylphosphonate (SDDP) and vinyltrimethoxysilane or n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) on the zinc surface with different morphologies were studied by SEM, XPS, water contact angle measurements, and electrochemical and corrosion tests. The protective, hydrophobic properties of phosphonate–siloxane films on zinc and their stability in a corrosive media are determined both by the initial surface morphology and composition of the surface oxide layer, and by the natur

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Ji, Xinzhen, Zhuangzhuang Ma, Xu Chen, et al. "Polymer additive engineering of K₂CuBr₃ nanocrystalline films to achieve efficient and stable deep-blue emission." Journal of Physics: Photonics 4, no. 1 (2021): 014001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac4276.

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Abstract Recently, non-toxic alternatives to lead-halide perovskites have been greatly sought after in optoelectronics applications. Deep-blue luminescent material is mainly required for fabricating white light source and expanding the color gamut of full-color displays. However, the synthesis of high-performance lead-free perovskite films with efficient blue emission is still a critical challenge currently, limiting their further practical applications. Here, a novel strategy is reported to prepare non-toxic and deep-blue-emitting K2CuBr3 nanocrystalline films by introducing polymer poly(meth

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Jeong, Yong-Chan, Jiyoon Nam, Jongbok Kim, Chang Kim, and Sungjin Jo. "Enhancing Thermal Oxidation Stability of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes by Using a Cesium Carbonate-Incorporated Overcoating Layer." Materials 12, no. 7 (2019): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071140.

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Despite their excellent electrical and optical properties, Ag nanowires (NWs) suffer from oxidation when exposed to air for several days. In this study, we synthesized a Cs carbonate-incorporated overcoating layer by spin-coating and ultraviolet curing to prevent the thermal oxidation of Ag NWs. Cs incorporation increased the decomposition temperature of the overcoating layer, thus enhancing its thermal resistance. The effects of the Cs carbonate-incorporated overcoating layer on the optoelectrical properties and stability of Ag NWs were investigated in detail. The Ag NW electrode reinforced w

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Luo, Shijian, and C. P. Wong. "Fundamental Study on Adhesion of Epoxy Underfill Materials with Passivation Layer in Flip-chip Packaging." MRS Proceedings 682 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-682-n1.6.

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ABSTRACTThe influence of aging in an environment with a high temperature and a high humidity on the adhesion performance of underfill material (epoxy cured with acid anhydride) to the passivation layer in flip chip packaging is discussed. Adhesion of underfill to different passivation materials degrades after aging in a high temperature and high humidity environment. The extent of this degradation is dependent on the hydrophilicity of the passivation material. Hydrophilic passivation such as silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) shows much more severe adhesion degradation than hydro

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37

He, Qingquan, Shicheng Pan, Tao Zhang, et al. "Boosting Photovoltaic Efficiency: The Role of Functional Group Distribution in Perovskite Film Passivation." Small, December 20, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410481.

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AbstractThe utilization of small organic molecules with appropriate functional groups and geometric configurations for surface passivation is essential for achieving efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, two isomers, 4‐sulfonamidobenzoic acid (4‐SA) and 3‐sulfamobenzoic acid (3‐SA), both featuring sulfanilamide and carboxyl functional groups arranged in different positions, are evaluated for their effectiveness in passivating defects of the perovskite layer. The calculation and characterization results reveal that 3‐SA, with its meta‐substitution, offered superior

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38

Zhang, Yuning, Bo Yu, Xiaochun Wei, and Huangzhong Yu. "Using Post‐Treatment Additives for Crystal Modulation and Interface Passivation Enables the Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells in Air." Advanced Energy Materials, October 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202402990.

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AbstractHigh‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in ambient air are considered inevitable for low‐cost commercial manufacturing. However, passivating perovskite film defects and controlling the crystallization process are critical for achieving high performance in PSCs. This study proposes using the novel 2D material MBene in green antisolvent to simultaneously modulate the crystallization and passivation defects of perovskites. MBene facilitates the passivation of uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, thereby enhancing the formation energy of vacancies within the perovskite film and adjus

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39

Choi, Seung-Gyun, Hae-Jun Seok, Jihyun Kim, Joohoon Kang, and Han-Ki Kim. "Transparent and flexible passivation of MoS2/Ag nanowire with sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene film for high performance flexible heaters." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09813-6.

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AbstractWe demonstrated highly transparent and flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) passivation for the MoS2/Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes used in thin film heaters (TFHs). The electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of PTFE coated MoS2/Ag NW electrode were compared to the bare MoS2/Ag NW electrode to demonstrate effective passivation of the sputtered PTFE films before and after the 85 °C–85% temperature-relative humidity environment test. In addition, we investigated the performances of TFHs with PTFE/MoS2/Ag NW as a function of PTFE thickness from 50 to 200 nm. The saturation temp

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Niarchos, Georgios, Georges Dubourg, Georgios Afroudakis, et al. "Humidity Sensing Properties of Paper Substrates and Their Passivation with ZnO Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications." Sensors 17, no. 3 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030516.

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In this paper, we investigated the effect of humidity on paper substrates and propose a simple and low-cost method for their passivation using ZnO nanoparticles. To this end, we built paper-based microdevices based on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) configuration by means of a mask-less laser patterning method on simple commercial printing papers. Initial resistive measurements indicate that a paper substrate with a porous surface can be used as a cost-effective, sensitive and disposable humidity sensor in the 20% to 70% relative humidity (RH) range. Successive spin-coated layers of ZnO nano

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Loizos, Michalis, Marinos Tountas, Panagiotis Mangelis, Konstantinos Rogdakis, and Emmanuel Kymakis. "Surface passivation of sequentially deposited perovskite solar cells by octylammonium spacer cations." APL Energy 1, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144330.

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Effective passivation of defects is an important step toward achieving highly efficient and stable Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). In this work, we introduce the incorporation of two different octylammonium based spacer cations as 2D perovskite passivation layers, namely Octylammonium Bromide (OABr) and octylammonium iodide. PSCs with OABr as a 2D passivation layer demonstrated an enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 21.40% (the control device has a PCE of 20.26%), resulting in a higher open circuit voltage of 40 mV. The 2D perovskite passivation layers lead to a smoother interface and

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Son, Kirak, Aesun Oh, Bongmin Jeong, and Hyun-Cheol Bae. "Interfacial Diffusion Mechanism between ALD Al2O3 passivation/Cu in Direct Bonded Copper Substrate for Power Electronics." IMAPSource Proceedings 2022, Issue 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/001c.74740.

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Direct bonded copper(DBC) substrate requires surface treatments for oxidation prevention and adhesion enhancement to die-attachment. Conventional surface treatment, electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) has a cost and environmental problems, and immersion silver is sensitive to temperature and humidity. To solve these problems, this study presents the invention of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) passivation for DBC Cu pads, which meets the requirements of oxidation prevention and adhesion enhancement to die-attachment. Ultrathin Al2O3 passivation layers (~20nm) by atomic layer deposition(ALD) were c

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Noguera‐Gómez, Jaume, Víctor Sagra‐Rodríguez, Vladimir S. Chirvony, et al. "Passivation Mechanism in Highly Luminescent Nanocomposite‐Based CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals." Small Science, January 22, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400529.

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Water exposure significantly impacts the structure and photoluminescence (PL) of metal halide perovskites. However, humid conditions can enable the in situ synthesis of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) within a nickel acetate matrix, achieving PL quantum yields (PLQY) of up to 80%. The water‐driven formation and transformation of MAPbBr3 is presented, highlighting the crucial role of acetate. Comprehensive optical and structural analyses reveal that low relative humidity (RH < 20%) favors the formation of non‐emissive MA4PbBr6 (0D) and hydroxide species (P

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Li, Tinghao, Can Wang, Chongzhu Hu, et al. "Auxiliary Buried‐Interface Passivation Toward Stable and Low‐Recombination‐Loss Perovskite Photovoltaics." Small Science, November 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202300218.

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Defects occur in the bulk perovskite and heterojunction interfaces of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While additive and interface engineering are commonly used to passivate defects within the perovskite phase and at the interface, the interconnections between these two strategies have not been fully explored. This study introduces an auxiliary passivation approach for enhancing the performance of PSCs by passivating both the perovskite phase and the buried interface using succinimide (SID), referred to as the multilayer passivation (MLP) strategy. By adding SID to a lead iodide precursor solut

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Zhang, Zheng, Zhixing Yu, Jiaqi Zhao, et al. "Intermolecular Interaction Induced Synergistic Passivation toward Efficient and Stable 1.68 eV Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells." Small, May 27, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202504393.

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AbstractThe performance and stability of wide‐band‐gap (1.68 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are critically constrained by two main challenges: i) nonradiative recombination and ii) insufficient environmental stability. In this study, a chemical synergistic passivation strategy is presented, which combines oleic acid (OA) with phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI). The neutralization reaction between OA and PEAI forms amide groups (─CONH), giving the new passivator (O‐PEAI) a high acid dissociation constant (pKa). This effectively suppresses the deprotonation of PEA+ and prevents the formation o

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An, Ran, Yuefeng Su, Yihong Wang, et al. "Revealing unusual storage failure of single-crystal high-nickel cathodes during high-temperature and high-humidity exposure†." Chemical Communications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc02395e.

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This work investigates an unusual storage failure of single-crystal high-nickel cathode materials under a simulated hot and humid environment. A transient passivation was observed during short-term exposure, then the material...

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Zeng, Jiangjie, Hanxiao Gao, Zhuowei Li, et al. "Effective Passivation Enables High Performance CsPbI₂Br Perovskite Solar Cells." Advanced Functional Materials, June 25, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202508942.

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AbstractCsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention due to their superior photo‐thermal stability and impressive photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, a substantial number of under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions exist in CsPbI2Br perovskite films, leading to severe non‐radiative recombination losses and the films exhibit poor humidity stability. Herein, a “two birds with one stone” strategy is proposed to introduce 2‐Amino‐N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) acetamide hydrochloride (AAH) into the perovskite precursor solution, which can simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic perfo

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Lou, Qiang, Xinxin Xu, Xueqing Lv, et al. "Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Capping Layer for High Efficiency FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells with Long‐Term Stability." Advanced Science, March 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202400117.

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AbstractIonic liquid salts (ILs) are generally recognized as additives in perovskite precursor solutions to enhance the efficiency and stability of solar cells. However, the success of ILs incorporation as additives is highly dependent on the precursor formulation and perovskite crystallization process, posing challenges for industrial‐scale implementation. In this study, a room‐temperature spin‐coated IL, n‐butylamine acetate (BAAc), is identified as an ideal passivation agent for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Compared with other passivation methods, the room‐temperature BAAc capp

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He, Jingshan, Jingwen He, Dun Ma, et al. "Competitive Formation Mechanism for Bidentate Passivation of Halogen Vacancies in Perovskite Based on 6‐Chloropurine." Small, August 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202305127.

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AbstractFor metal halide perovskite solar cells, bidentate passivation (BP) is highly effective, but currently, only passivation sites rather than molecular environments are being considered. Here, the authors report an effective approach for high‐performance fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (FP‐PSCs) through the BP strategy using the multidentate molecule 6‐chloropurine (6‐CP). By utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations, the competition mechanism is ide

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Asare, George Kwesi, Joshua Sraku Adu, Byungha Shin, David J. Fermin, and Helen Hejin Park. "Perspective: Atomic Layer Deposition Strategies for Surface Passivation of Metal-Halide Perovskite Absorbers." Electronic Materials Letters, March 22, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-025-00563-x.

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Abstract Recent advancements have been made in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and other suitable metal oxides such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a perovskite surface passivation technique. ALD has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing photovoltaic (PV) performance and the long-term light, thermal, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) stability of PSCs by addressing surface defects leading to higher charge extraction and mitigating environmental degradation with only a few nanometers of thickness. However, direct ALD deposition on

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