Academic literature on the topic 'Humpback whale flipper'

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Journal articles on the topic "Humpback whale flipper"

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Fish, Franke E., and Juliann M. Battle. "Hydrodynamic design of the humpback whale flipper." Journal of Morphology 225, no. 1 (July 1995): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250105.

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Fish, Frank E., Paul W. Weber, Mark M. Murray, and Laurens E. Howle. "Marine Applications of the Biomimetic Humpback Whale Flipper." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.4.1.

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AbstractThe biomimetic approach seeks technological advancement through a transfer of technology from natural technologies to engineered systems. The morphology of the wing-like flipper of the humpback whale has potential for marine applications. As opposed to the straight leading edge of conventional hydrofoils, the humpback whale flipper has a number of sinusoid-like rounded bumps, called tubercles, which are arranged periodically along the leading edge. The presence of the tubercles modifies the water flow over the wing-like surface, creating regions of vortex generation between the tubercles. These vortices interact with the flow over the tubercle and accelerate that flow, helping to maintain a partially attached boundary layer. This hydrodynamic effect can delay stall to higher angles of attack, increases lift, and reduces drag compared to the post-stall condition of conventional wings. As the humpback whale functions in the marine environment in a Reynolds regime similar to some engineered marine systems, the use of tubercles has the potential to enhance the performance of wing-like structures. Specific applications of the tubercles for marine technology include sailboat masts, fans, propellers, turbines, and control surfaces, such as rudders, dive planes, stabilizers, spoilers, and keels.
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Versiani, Leonardo Leão, and Cristiano Schetini Azevedo. "Surface activity of Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea, Mysticeti) on the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 21, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2596-3325.2020.v21.29788.

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Surface activities of humpback whale groups were studied during the reproductive seasons of 2008, 2009 and 2010 on the northern coast of Bahia State, Brazil, near the district of Praia do Forte. The level of surface activity exhibited by 342 groups of whales was evaluated according to the sea state (measured on the Beaufort scale) and cloud coverage. Five behaviours were recorded: breaching, head slapping, tail slapping, pectoral flipper slapping and tail breaching. Most of the sightings occurred with a sea state classified on the Beaufort scale as 2, and with a cloud coverage of 26 to 50%. The most recorded level of surface activity was pectoral flipper slapping. The results showed that humpback whale behaviours do not seem to be influenced by the sea state or by cloud coverage.
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Silber, Gregory K. "The relationship of social vocalizations to surface behavior and aggression in the Hawaiian humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-316.

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Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) social vocalizations (nonsong sounds) were clearly related to whale group size and surface activity. Social sounds occurred almost exclusively in groups containing three or more whales and were rarely heard near single whales, pairs, or cow–calf groups. Large groups (3 to 20 individuals) vocalized at an overall mean rate of 43.1 ± 55.52 sounds per whale/h. Group size changed frequently and a dramatic increase in vocalization rate resulted when a new whale entered a group. Large groups engaged in flurries of surface activity, such as breaching, flipper- and tail-slapping, and underwater bubbling. Aggressive encounters resulted from male–male interaction. Social sounds probably acted to demonstrate aggression or agitation as adult males competed for temporary social dominance within the group and for proximity to the female. Likewise, visual displays may have been used as threats in close quarters and were apparently produced in conjunction with sounds to convey levels of aggression. Although other studies suggested that surface activity increased with group size, I found a negative correlation between activity and group size, both in the group as a whole and per individual. In contrast, social vocalizations per group increased with group size while the vocalization rate per individual did not vary significantly with increasing group size.
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Arrondeau, Benjamin, and Zeeshan A. Rana. "Computational Aerodynamics Analysis of Non-Symmetric Multi-Element Wing in Ground Effect with Humpback Whale Flipper Tubercles." Fluids 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040247.

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The humpback whale flipper tubercles have been shown to improve the aerodynamic coefficients of a wing, especially in stall conditions, where the flow is almost fully detached. In this work, these tubercles were implemented on a F1 front-wing geometry, very close to a Tyrrell wing. Numerical simulations were carried out employing the k−ω SST turbulence model and the overall effects of the tubercles on the flow behavior were analyzed. The optimal amplitude and number of tubercles was determined in this study for this front wing where an improvement of 22.6% and 9.4% is achieved, respectively, on the lift and the L/D ratio. On the main element, the stall was delayed by 167.7%. On the flap, the flow is either fully detached, in the large circulation zone, or fully attached. Overall, in stall conditions, tubercles improve the downforce generation but at the cost of increased drag. Furthermore, as the tubercles are case-dependent, an optimal configuration for tubercles implementation also exists for any geometry.
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Kumar, Vivek V., and Dilip A. Shah. "Application of Tubercles in Wind Turbine Blades: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.254.

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Due to the rapid depletion of conventional energy resources like fossil fuels and their harmful effects on the environment, there is an urgent need to seek alternative and sustainable energy sources. Wind energy is considered as one of the efficient source of energy which can be converted to useful form of energy like electrical energy. Though the field of wind engineering has developed in the recent era there is still scope for improvement in the effective utilization of energy. Energy efficiency in wind turbine is largely determined by the aerodynamics of the turbine blades and the characteristics of the turbulent fluid flow. The objective of this paper is to have a review on the improvement of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) blade design by incorporating biomimetics into blades. Biomimetics is the field of science in which we adapt designs from nature to solve modern problems. The morphology of the wing-like flipper of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) has potential for aerodynamic applications. Instead of straight leading edges like that of conventional hydrofoils, the humpback whale flipper has a number of sinusoidal rounded bumps, called tubercles arranged periodically along the leading edge. The presence of tubercles modifies the flow over the blade surface, creating vortices between the tubercles. These vortices interact with the flow over the tubercle and accelerate that flow, helping to maintain a partially attached boundary layer. This aerodynamic effect can delay stall to higher angles of attack, increase lift and reduce drag compared to the post-stall condition of conventional airfoils. The modified airfoil is characterized by a superior lift/drag ratio (L/D ratio) due to greater boundary layer attachment from vortices energizing the boundary layer.
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Papadopoulos, Charalampos, Vasilis Katsiadramis, and Kyros Yakinthos. "Numerical 3D study on the influence of spanwise distribution of tubercles on wings for UAV applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930402014.

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In this work, a 3D numerical study on the influence of the spanwise distribution of tubercles for UAV applications is presented. The idea of using tubercles in aeronautics comes from the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) which has a characteristic flipper, with a spanwise scalloped leading edge, creating an almost sinusoidal shape, consisting of bumps called tubercles. Early experimental research showed a great potential in enhancing the 3D aerodynamic characteristics of a wing. Most of the existing experimental results concern infinite wings (2D) models and are accompanied with substantial loss in lift and increase in drag in pre–stall region. On the other hand, finite models (3D) have displayed a better overall aerodynamic performance (increased lift and moment, but also decreased drag). At a range of Reynolds number between 500,000 and 1,000,000 (based on the mean chord of the flipper), tubercles act as virtual fences, introducing a pair of counter rotating vortices that delays the stall of the flipper, a phenomenon that the whales use to perform sharp turns and catch their prey. The aforementioned Reynolds number range is the same as the operational Reynolds number for typical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). To assess the influence of the tubercles installation on UAV wings, a full 3D computational study is carried-out, with the use of CFD tools that at a first phase are validated and calibrated with available in the literature experimental data. Then, computations are performed, for different spanwise tubercles distributions. The results show that there is a noticeable potential on controlling the flow on the wings of a UAV operating in a Reynolds number range between 500,000 and 1,000,000 (based on UAV’s wing mean chord), which can lead to an aerodynamic performance and efficiency increase.
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Li, Bowen, Xiaojun Li, Xiaoqi Jia, Feng Chen, and Hua Fang. "The Role of Blade Sinusoidal Tubercle Trailing Edge in a Centrifugal Pump with Low Specific Speed." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090625.

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Pressure pulsations may cause high-amplitude vibrations during the process of a centrifugal pump. The trailing edge shape of the blade has a critical influence on the pump’s pressure fluctuation and hydraulic characterization. In this paper, inspired by the humpback whale flipper, the authors research the impact of applying the sinusoidal tubercles to the blade suction side of the trailing edge. Numerical calculation and experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of the trailing edge shape on the pressure pulsations and performance of a centrifugal pump with low specific speed. Two designed impellers are tested, one is a sinusoidal tubercle trailing edge (STTE) impeller and the other is the original trailing edge (OTE) prototype. The detailed study indicates that the sinusoidal tubercle trailing edge (STTE) reduces pressure pulsation and enhances hydraulic performance. In the volute tongue region, the pressure pulsation amplitudes of STTE at fBPF decrease significantly. The STTE impeller also effectively changes the vortex structure and intensity in the blade trailing edge area. This investigation will be of great benefit to the optimal design of pumps.
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Segre, Paolo S., S. Mduduzi Seakamela, Michael A. Meÿer, Ken P. Findlay, and Jeremy A. Goldbogen. "A hydrodynamically active flipper-stroke in humpback whales." Current Biology 27, no. 13 (July 2017): R636—R637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.063.

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Brown, Alan S. "From Whales to Fans." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 05 (May 1, 2011): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-may-1.

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This article discusses a story about a man named Fish who noticed something unusual about whale flippers and who, after nearly 30 years, turned it into a technology platform. This technology takes its inspiration from the natural design of the bumps, or tubercles, on humpback whale flippers. The 24-foot-diameter fans, based on tubercle technology, use half the number of blades and move 25% more air and consume 25% less power than fans with conventional blades turning at the same speed. After thousands of years of hiding in plain sight, tubercles are emerging as a real, if limited, technology platform. Research has shown tubercles work only on thick, tapered wings operating in a very narrow laminar-to-turbulent transition regime. Whale-inspired fans are already available, and wind and tidal power blades could be the next.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humpback whale flipper"

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Fassmann, Wesley N. "An Experimental Study of Bio-Inspired Force Generation by Unsteady Flow Features." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5316.

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As the understanding of the workings of the biological world expands, biomimetic designs increasingly move into the focus of engineering research studies. For this thesis, two studiesinvolving leading edge vortex generation for lift production as observed in nature were explored intheir respective flow regimes. The first study focused on the steady state analysis of streamwise vortices generated byleading edge tubercles of an adult humpback whale flipper. A realistic scaled model of a humpbackflipper was fabricated based on the 3D reconstruction from a sequence of 18 images taken whilecircumscribing an excised flipper of a beached humpback whale. Two complementary modelswith smooth leading edges were transformed from this original digitized model and fabricatedfor testing to further understand the effect of the leading edge tubercles. Experimentally-obtainedforce and qualitative flow measurements were used to study the influence of the leading edgetubercles. The presence of leading edge tubercles are shown to decrease maximum lift coefficient(Cl ), but increase Cl production in the post-stall region. By evaluating a measure of hydrodynamicefficiency, humpback whale flipper geometry is shown to be more efficient in the pre-stall regionand less efficient in the post-stall region as compared to a comparable model with a smooth leadingedge. With respect to a humpback whale, if the decrease in efficiency during post-stall angles ofattack was only required during short periods of time (turning), then this decrease in efficiencymay not have a significant impact on the lift production and energy needs. For the pursuit ofbiomimetic designs, this decrease in efficiency could have potential significance and should beinvestigated further. Qualitative flow measurements further demonstrate that these force results aredue to a delay of separation resulting from the presence of tubercles.The second study investigated explored the effects of flapping frequency on the passive flowcontrol of a flapping wing with a sinusoidal leading edge profile. At a flapping frequency of f =0.05 Hz, an alternating streamwise vortical formation was observed for the sinusoidal leading edge,while a single pair of vortices were present for the straight leading edge. A sinusoidal leading edgecan be used to minimize spanwise flow by the generation of the observed alternating streamwisevortices. An increase in flapping frequency results in these streamwise vortices becoming stretchedin the path of the wing. The streamwise vortices are shown to minimize spanwise flow even afterbeing stretched. Once instabilities are formed at f ≥ 0:1 Hz due to velocity shearing generatedby the increase in cross-radial velocity, the alternating streamwise vortices begin to break downresulting in a increase of spanwise flow.
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Book chapters on the topic "Humpback whale flipper"

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Fish, Frank E. "Biomimetics and the Application of the Leading-Edge Tubercles of the Humpback Whale Flipper." In Flow Control Through Bio-inspired Leading-Edge Tubercles, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23792-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Humpback whale flipper"

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Gruber, Timothy, Mark M. Murray, and David W. Fredriksson. "Effect of Humpback Whale Inspired Tubercles on Marine Tidal Turbine Blades." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65436.

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The addition of protuberances, inspired by the humpback whale flipper, on the leading edge of lift producing foils has been shown to improve hydrodynamic performance under a certain range of flow conditions. Specifically, finite wing models have displayed delayed stall characteristics at higher angles of attack and increased maximum lift coefficients without significant hydrodynamic penalties. The objective of this project was to investigate the impact that leading edge protuberances (i.e. tubercles) have on the effectiveness of marine tidal turbine blades, especially at lower tidal flow speeds. The experimental results obtained utilizing three different blade designs (baseline and two tubercle modified) are compared. All blades were designed with a 3-D computer aided design software package and manufactured utilizing rapid prototype techniques. The tests were conducted in the 120 ft tow tank at the U.S. Naval Academy using an experimental apparatus that measured flow speed and electrical power generated. Results for power coefficients are presented for a range of tip speed ratios. Cut-in velocity was also used to evaluated the blade designs. For all test criteria, the tubercle modified blades outperformed the smooth leading edge baseline design blades at the lower test velocities, and did not show degraded performance at the higher velocities tested.
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Carreira Pedro, Hugo, and Marcelo Kobayashi. "Numerical Study of Stall Delay on Humpback Whale Flippers." In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-584.

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Zheng, Tan, Xiaoqing Qiang, Jinfang Teng, and Jinzhang Feng. "Application of Humpback Whale Flippers in an Annular Compressor Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56589.

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Humpback whales possess bumpy tubercles on the leading edge of their flippers. Due to these leading edge tubercles, the whales are able to perform complex underwater maneuvers agilely. Inspired by the flippers, this paper applies sinusoidal-like tubercles to the leading edge of the blade in an annular compressor cascade, and presents a numerical investigation to explore the effects of tubercles with the aim of controlling the corner separation and reducing losses. A preliminary study by steady 3D RANS simulations is performed. The aerodynamic performance and the behavior of the corner separation are investigated in the baseline compressor cascade. Subsequently, cascades with leading edge tubercles are numerically simulated. A crucial geometry parameter of the tubercles, wavelength, is varied to obtain different configurations. The influence of the parameter is concluded from the comparison of the performance attained by these configurations. Also, several configurations, which are typical in loss characteristics, are selected for further DES simulations so as to obtain more flow details, especially at the separation region. Flow visualizations show that leading edge tubercles could induce the formation of counter-rotating streamwise vortices. The interaction between the streamwise vortices and corner separation is emphatically investigated. By analysis of all the results obtained, this paper tries to figure out the mechanism of leading edge tubercles in loss reduction and separation delay in an annular compressor cascade.
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Zheng, Tan, Mingmin Zhu, Xiaoqing Qiang, Jinfang Teng, and Jinzhang Feng. "Influence of Leading Edge Tubercles in an Annular Compressor Cascade With Different Hub-Tip Ratios and Aspect Ratios." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64054.

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Humpback whale flippers’ scalloped tubercles on the leading edge are thought to enhance the whale’s underwater maneuverability. Inspired by the flippers, leading edge tubercles are applied in a low speed annular compressor cascade as a type of passive flow control techniques in this paper. A numerical study is performed to investigate the influence of tubercles on the aerodynamic losses and corner separation in the low speed cascades. Different low speed cascades based on a CDA airfoil profile are built with several hub-tip ratios and aspect ratios. Steady RANS simulations are carried out for these cascades with and without leading edge tubercles. The aerodynamic performance and corner separation features are subsequently investigated in these cascades. The influence of tubercles under the variation of hub-tip ratio and aspect ratio is understood and concluded from the comparison of the performance attained by different cascades. Flow visualizations at a post-stall incidence angle show that the interaction between the tubercle-induced streamwise vortices and corner separation vortices plays a crucial role in attenuating the corner separation and reducing losses. By combining the performance analysis and flow visualizations, this paper discusses the mechanism of leading edge tubercles in a low speed annular compressor cascade with different hub-tip ratios and aspect ratios.
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Abdelrahman, Amr, Amr Emam, Ihab Adam, Hamdy Hassan, Shinichi Ookawara, and Ahmed El-wardany. "A Numerical Study Into the Influence of Leading Edge Tubercles on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Highly Cambered High Lift Airfoil Wing at Different Reynolds Numbers." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23634.

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Abstract Through the last two decades, many studies have demonstrated the ability of leading-edge protrusions (tubercles), inspired from the pectoral flippers of the humpback whale, to be an effective passive flow control method for the stall phase of an airfoil in some cases depending on the geometrical features and the flow regime. Nevertheless, there is a little work associated with revealing tubercles performance for the lifting surfaces with a highly cambered cross-section, used in numerous applications. The present work aims to investigate the effect of implementing leading edge tubercles on the performance of an infinite span rectangular wing with the highly cambered S1223 foil at different flow regimes. Two sets; baseline one and a modified with tubercles have been studied at Re = 0.1 × 106, 0.3 × 106 and 1.5 × 106 using computational fluid dynamics with a validated model. The numerical results demonstrated that Tubercles have the ability to entirely alter the flow structure over the airfoil, confining the separation to troughs, hence, softening the stall characteristics. However, the tubercle modification expedites the presence of the stalled flow over the suction side, lowering the stall angle for the three mentioned Reynolds numbers. While, no considerable difference occurs in lift and drag before the stall.
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Rider, Courtney, Asad Asghar, William D. E. Allan, Grant Ingram, Robert Stowe, and Rogerio Pimentel. "Investigation of a Passive Flow Control Device in an S-Duct Inlet at High Subsonic Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60230.

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Abstract This paper reports the investigation of a flow control strategy for an S-duct diffusers. The method incorporates stream-wise tubercles, and aims to enhance the performance of S-duct inlets by reducing the size and intensity of separated flow. These devices, bioinspired from humpback whale flippers’ leading edge protuberances, have been shown to be effective in increasing post-stall coefficients of lift of airfoils. In S-duct diffusers, the presence of convex curvature next to the separated region provides an ideal location for the installation of a tubercle-like device. The flow control effectiveness was evaluated by test-rig measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow in an S-duct at high subsonic flow conditions (Ma = 0.80). The S-ducts were rapid prototyped in plastic using 3D printing. Static surface pressure along the length and total pressure at the exit revealed pressure recovery, total pressure loss, swirl, and the nature of flow distortion at the S-duct exit. CFD simulations used ANSYS FLUENT with a RANS solver closed with the RKE turbulence model. The CFD simulation compared well with the test-rig data and provided useful information on flow mechanism and for understanding flow features. The performance of the baseline and variant with the flow control device was compared and flow control strategy was evaluated.
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Shi, Weichao, Mehmet Atlar, Kwangcheol Seo, Rosemary Norman, and Roslynna Rosli. "Numerical Simulation of a Tidal Turbine Based Hydrofoil With Leading-Edge Tubercles." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54796.

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The tubercles along the leading edges of the humpback whale flippers can provide these large mammals with an exceptional maneuverability. This is due to the fact that the leading-edge tubercles have largely a 3D benefit for the finite hydrofoils, which can maintain the lift, reduce the drag and delay the stall angle. Newcastle University launched a series study to improve a tidal turbine’s performance with the aid of this concept. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the tested hydrofoil, which is representative of a tidal turbine blade, to investigate the flow around the foil and also to numerically model the experiment. This hydrofoil was designed based on an existing tidal turbine blade with the same chord length distribution but a constant pitch angle. The model tests have been conducted in the Emerson Cavitation Tunnel measuring the lift and drag. The results showed that the leading-edge tubercles can significantly improve the performance of the hydrofoil by improving the lift-to-drag ratio and delaying the stall. By applying Shear Stress Transport (SST), Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) via using the commercial CFD solver, Star-CCM+, the tested hydrofoil models were simulated and more detailed flow information has been achieved to complement the experiment. The numerical results show that the DES model is in close agreement with the experimental results. The flow separation pattern indicates the leading-edge tubercles can energize the flow around the hydrofoil to keep the flow more attached and also separate the flow into different channels through the tubercles.
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