Academic literature on the topic 'Humps (Anatomy)'

The “push down” operation was developed by Maurice H. Cottle, M.D., of Chicago. This operation was developed as a more physiologic approach to the management of hump noses. This operation grew out of Dr. Cottle's observation of nasal trauma and his expertise with the handling of nasal septum deformities. He realized that there was a particular degree of support to the nasal dorsum given by the cartilaginous septum. Traditional hump removal, which involves amputation of the roof of the nasal dorsum, has serious physiologic and anatomical sequelae that are avoided using the push down operation. The push down operation not only lowers the dorsum of the nose, but also eliminates prominent bony humps. This effect is due to the flexibility of the chondro-osseous joint between the nasal bones and the cartilaginous vault. This area is known as the “K” area or keystone area. This is where the septum, upper lateral cartilages, and nasal bones join. This junction provides a hinge-like action, allowing for straightening of the dorsum and hump reduction. When performing the push down operation, the operating surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of septum, pyramid, and tip anatomy. The key to the push down operation is the septum, and thorough knowledge of its normal and abnormal anatomy is imperative.

: Vulnerability of the brain milieu to even the subtle changes in its normal physiology is guarded by a highly efficient blood brain barrier. A number of factors i.e. molecular weight of the drug, its route of administration, lipophilic character etc. play a significant role in its sojourn through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and limit the movement of drug into brain tissue through BBB. To overcome these problems, alternative routes of drug administration have been explored to target the drugs to brain tissue. Nasal route has been widely reported for the administration of drugs for treatment of Alzheimer. In this innovative approach, the challenge of BBB is bypassed. Through this route, both the larger as well as polar molecules can be made to reach the brain tissues. Generally, these systems are either pH dependent or temperature dependent. Results: The present review highlights the anatomy of nose, mechanisms of drug delivery from nose to brain, critical factors in the formulation of nasal drug delivery system, nasal formulations of various drugs that have been tried for their nasal delivery for treatment of Alzheimer. Conclusion: It also dives deep to understand the factors that contribute to the success of such formulations to carve out a direction for this niche area to be explored further.

Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma (NMVH), also known as neuromesenchymal hamartoma, is a rare hamartomatous condition of the intestine. It usually presents with submucosal humps protruding in the intestinal lumen causing obstructive features. The other clinical manifestations are hematochezia or melena and protein-losing enteropathy. The etiopathogenesis of these lesions is not well known, although an association with small bowel Cröhn’s disease and diaphragm disease had been postulated, the latter related to chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake. Only 24 cases of NMVH are reported in the English literature and all of them could be adequately cured by resection of the affected part of the bowel. Moreover, none of these cases presented with abdominal cocoon or showed any evidence of vasculitis. We describe a peculiar case of NMVH in a 45-year-old male who presented with abdominal cocoon with symptomatic recurrence and fatal outcome within a month of surgery. Histopathology revealed classical histomorphology of NMVH with evidence of vasculitis. This appears to be the first case of a fatal form of NMVH, presenting with abdominal cocoon and associated with vasculitis.

AbstractHump reduction is one of the most common reasons patients seek cosmetic rhinoplasty. Spreader grafts or spreader flaps have become a key maneuver in supporting and reconstructing the nasal midvault after reductive profileplasty to prevent long-term functional and cosmetic sequelae. This article reviews the pertinent anatomy, describes indications for spreader graft or spreader flap placement, discusses surgical techniques and approaches for spreader graft placement, and describes complications of spreader graft use after hump reduction.

In the scientific literature, there are reports on the compression of the nerves of the sacral plexus of the pelvic area or above the gluteal fold in different age periods of a person's life. However, not enough attention is paid by morphologists to the options for the exit of the pudendal, superior and inferior gluteal neurovascular bundles and the sciatic nerve from the pelvic cavity in the perinatal period of human ontogenesis. To perform therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, as well as surgical interventions in the gluteal region, accurate information is required about the projection-syntopic relationships of the pudendal, superior and lower gluteal neurovascular bundles and the sciatic nerve in human fetuses of different age groups. The study was carried out on 34 preparations of human fetuses, 186.0-310.0 mm parietococcygeal length. The material was fixed in a 7% formalin solution for two weeks, after which the topographic anatomical features of the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the gluteal region in fetuses of 6-8 months were studied by fine dissection under the control of a binocular loupe. Human fetal preparations were received after artificial termination of pregnancy, which were carried out for social and medical reasons on the basis of district and city maternity hospitals. In 63.24% of the examined fetuses of 6-8 months, the projection of the superior gluteal vessels corresponds to the point located on the border between the upper and middle third osteocetabular line, less often (33.82% of observations) - downward (by 1.5-4, 3 mm) and medially (2.0-4.5 mm) from the specified point, and as an exception (only 3%) - 5.0-5.5 mm laterally from this point. The superior sciatic nerve is located 1.0-3.8 mm lateral to the vessels of the same name. In 75.01% of cases, the lower gluteal vessels leave the pelvis medially (by 2.0-4.7 mm) and down (by 1.5-4.2 mm) from the middle of the osteo-hump line. In 17.64% of observations, the projection of the lower gluteal vessels corresponds to the middle of the osteo-hump line, and in 7.35% of the fetuses, the projection of these vessels is determined 2.5-3.4 mm outward from the point located in the middle of the osteo-hump line. The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis mainly (75% of observations) medially (2.0-5.4 mm) from the middle of the hump-acetabular line, and in 25% of cases the projection of the sciatic nerve corresponds to the middle of this line.

The right hepatic artery is an end artery and contributes sole arterial supply to right lobe of the liver. Misinterpretation of normal anatomy and anatomical variations of the right hepatic artery contribute to the major intraoperative mishaps and complications in hepatobiliary surgery. The frequency of inadvertent or iatrogenic hepatobiliary vascular injury rises with the event of an aberrant anatomy. This descriptive study was carried out to document the normal anatomy and different variations of right hepatic artery to contribute to existing knowledge of right hepatic artery to improve surgical safety. This study conducted on 60 cadavers revealed aberrant replaced right hepatic artery in 18.3% and aberrant accessory right hepatic artery in 3.4%. Considering the course, the right hepatic artery ran outside Calot’s triangle in 5% of cases and caterpillar hump right hepatic artery was seen in 13.3% of cases. The right hepatic artery (normal and aberrant) crossed anteriorly to the common hepatic duct in 8.3% and posteriorly to it in 71.6%. It has posterior relations with the common bile duct in 16.7% while in 3.4% it did not cross the common hepatic duct or common bile duct. The knowledge of such anomalies is important since their awareness will decrease morbidity and help to keep away from a number of surgical complications.

Objective. To identify the anatomical variants of nasal bones and pyriform apertures in view of normal configuration of external nose and different types of aesthetic nasal deformities, to estimate its possible relations.Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) data of 2737 patients with the image processing (multiplanar and 3D-volume rendering). The sample comprised 121 patients with aesthetic nasal deformities (rhinokyphosis – nasal hump, long nose, combined deformity like a hidden hump, short nose, wide nose) and 37 individuals with normal European nasal configuration.Results. The most frequent variants of pyriform apertures are drop, heart and pear types. The most common variants of nasal bones in all groups were II, V, VI types according to Lang and Baumeister. Every kind of deformities was described with their characteristic features of pyriform apertures and nasal bones.Conclusion. Statistically proved correlation between the facts of deformities and variants of pyriform apertures and nasal bones was obtained. The preoperative study of variable anatomy must be always performed for improving functional and aesthetic results of rhinoplasty.