Academic literature on the topic 'Humus form'

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Journal articles on the topic "Humus form"

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Wachendorf, Christine, Tina Frank, Gabriele Broll, Anneke Beylich, and Gerhard Milbert. "A Concept for a Consolidated Humus Form Description—An Updated Version of German Humus Form Systematics." International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no. 3 (2023): 658–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030050.

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In Germany, the systematics of humus forms has been developed, which is mainly based on morphological characteristics and has been proven via detailed long-term observation. The humus form systematics presented here is an update based on a new approach, clarifying the hierarchical structure into divisions, classes, types, and subtypes. New diagnostic horizons and transition horizons are introduced, uniquely characterising types and subtypes. This paper holds that the humus form is not only a product of decomposition, humification, and bioturbation but also serves as habitat for soil organisms. The processes and the habitat are shaped by soil-forming factors with the main factor being soil water conditions. Thus, on the first level of systematics, aeromorphic and aero-hydromorphic as well as hydromorphic humus forms are differentiated. Many different features of the organic layers and the mineral topsoil can be observed in forests, open grasslands, the mountain zone above the tree line, and natural fens and bogs, as well as degraded peatlands. Features shaping the humus form, such as the proportion of organic fine material and packing of the organic matter as well as the structure of the mineral soil, have now been unambiguously described. However, site-specific soil-forming factors result in typical organic matter characteristics of individual horizons and typical combinations of different horizons. This relationship is illustrated using descriptions of distinct humus forms.
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Kõlli, Raimo, and Tiina Köster. "Interrelationships of humus cover (pro humus form) with soil cover and plant cover: Humus form as transitional space between soil and plant." Applied Soil Ecology 123 (February 2018): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.029.

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Kõlli, Raimo. "Influence of land use change on fabric of humus cover (pro Humus form)." Applied Soil Ecology 123 (February 2018): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.06.022.

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Sohrabi, Hadi, Meghdad Jourgholami, Rachele Venanzi, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Assessment of Variability among Humus Forms and Soil Properties in Relation to Tree Species and Forest Operations in the Kheyrud Forest, Nowshahr." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122156.

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Tree species and litter play a key role in the functioning of forest ecosystems as influential factors affecting soil ecological processes and the distribution of humus forms. This study investigates the morphology of humus under the litter of different trees on compacted skid trails at different time intervals after skidding operations (6, 10, and 20 years) in the Kheyrud forest, Nowshahr. Each skid trail was identified with three replications in pure beech, beech-hornbeam and mixed beech stands and a total of 81 profiles with dimensions of 30 × 30 cm, drilled and classified using the European Humus Group Proposal (EHGP). According to the results, the mull of the most dominant humus was under the mixed beech litter, while in the pure beech litter the amphi humus was the most abundant form of humus. Three types of humus mull, moder, and amphi were observed in the skid trail under the beech-hornbeam litter. Oligomull was the most abundant form of humus mull in the skid trail under mixed beech litter, while in the trails under pure beech Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Hemimoder were the most common forms of humus amphi and moder. Also, the thickness of the organic layer (Organic litter, Organic fragmentation, and Organic humus) was higher in all skid trails under the pure beech litter as compared to other treatments, while from younger trails (6 years) to older trails (20 years), the thickness of the organic-mineral horizon (Ah) increased under the beech mixed litter. We can conclude that different litter types were the main factor to control the presence of different forms of humus after forest operations.
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Kindel, Andreia, and Irene Garay. "Humus form in ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Geoderma 108, no. 1-2 (2002): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(02)00126-x.

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Hellwig, Niels, Dylan Tatti, Giacomo Sartori, et al. "Modeling Spatial Patterns of Humus Forms in Montane and Subalpine Forests: Implications of Local Variability for Upscaling." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010048.

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Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.
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V Podrázský, V., and J. Remeš. "Changes in humus forms in gaps of the canopy of semi-natural beech stand." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 6 (2012): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4507-jfs.

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The article presents original results of research on the humus form dynamics in a semi-natural European beech stand in the National Natural Reserve Voděradské bučiny, in the area of Training Forest Enterprise at Kostelec nad Černými lesy (Czech University of Agriculture inPrague). The accumulation and soil chemical characteristics of particular humus forms were studied: dry matter amount, pH, soil adsorption and exchangeable acidity characteristics as well as plant available and total nutrient contents. The humus form samples were taken in four replications from the particular humus form layers (L, F, H, Ah), and the analyses were performed individually. Samplings were done in the parts of the stand with closed canopy, and they were compared with the state in gaps formed during natural and semi-natural forest regeneration (the stage of stand breaking up left to spontaneous development). The results confirmed marked changes in the quantity and quality of surface humus in the gaps. The amount of dry matter decreased by ca. 25% several years after canopy opening, especially in the H horizon, the pH, base content and base saturation increased, as well as the content of macronutrients (with the exception of total calcium). The results proved considerable changes in the humus forms during the natural and semi-natural forest cycles connected with the stand regeneration.
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Paré, D., and B. Bernier. "Changes in phosphorus nutrition of sugar maple along a topographic gradient in the Quebec Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 1 (1989): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-018.

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In a typical sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stand in the Quebec Appalachians, foliar phosphorus concentrations increased from the bottom to the top of the hill, while the humus form varied from a mull to a mor along the same slope sequence. Although limited, these observations within one stand presumably subjected to the same anthropogenic stresses, including acid loading, are consistent with those obtained on a regional scale by comparing the phosphorus nutrition of sugar maple stands growing on soils with contrasting humus forms. They support the observation that under the conditions prevailing in the Quebec Appalachians, phosphorus nutrition is affected mainly in stands growing on soils with a moderately acid mull humus. As foliar phosphorus may vary with variations in the humus form over short distances, corrective measures require planning for limited, well-defined areas.
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V Podrázský, V., and J. Remeš. "Effect of forest tree species on the humus form state at lower altitudes ." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4544-jfs.

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  The paper documents the effects of forest stands of different species composition on the humus form state and soil profile chemistry. It compares the situation in mixed broadleaved (ash, oak, hornbeam), basswood and spruce stands. Spruce demonstrates the site degradation effects: raw humus accumulation, soil acidification, negative effects on nutrient dynamics. Both broadleaved stands were similar as for site effects, lower litter accumulation, more rapid organic matter mineralization and more rapid nutrient cycling and intense uptake were documented in the basswood stand.  
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Homolák, Marián, Viliam Pichler, Erika Gömöryová, and Juraj Bebej. "Effect of surface humus on water infiltration and redistribution in beech forest stands with different density." Central European Forestry Journal 63, no. 2-3 (2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0021.

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AbstractThe aim of the paper is to demonstrate how the beech surface humus form and forest density affect the infiltration and redistribution of rainwater into the soil matrix. Beech as the most-abundant tree species in Slovakia has a tendency to form a compact humus layer with specific structure, leading to a reduction in the soil surface infiltration area and a significant influence on the preferential flow generation. The research was carried out in beech forests with different forest stand density in the Vtáčnik Mountain (Central Slovakia). The maximal infiltration surface area 35.11 ± 6.58% of sand surface infiltration area was reached at the plot A (0.8). The minimal infiltration surface area was reached at the plot B (0.8) and was 19.45 ± 2.52%. Statistical tests confirmed a significant effect of the forest stand density on the surface infiltration area (p = 0.05) and number of infiltration inputs (p = 0.05). The results show a statistically significant influence of surface humus form and stand density on infiltration and redistribution of rainwater into the soil matrix. The influence results in water flow changes from matrix flow to preferential flow and fingering. As a consequence deeper infiltration of water and solutions, e. g. dissolved organic carbon, to deeper soil layers is observed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humus form"

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Klinka, Karel, Pavel Krestov, Jaume Fons, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms : third approximation." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/683.

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The importance of humus form or forest floor as a principal component of terrestrial forest ecosystems has led to the development of a taxonomic classification of humus forms for BC (first approximation: Klinka et al. 1981; second approximation: Green et al. 1993). This classification, as all others, is based on the field-observable (morphological) features because we expect that they reflect differences in the nature and development of humus forms. However, there is a continuing need to test (1) whether humus forms that appear different are in fact different in their physical, chemical, and biotic properties, and (2) the portability of the classification outside the area in which it was developed. As a result of recent studies of the biotic component of humus forms and recent testing of the classification outside British Columbia (Scandinavia, southeastern Russia, and northeastern China), we have recognized several new diagnostic horizons, and hence new taxa. In this pamphlet, we present synopsis of the third approximation of the classification for review and testing. For more detailed information on the background, methodology, and classification of humus forms, the readers should consult Green et al. (1993). Each humus form is represented by the sequence of organic and mineral horizons that constitute the humus form profile. Identification of a humus form, i.e., giving it a name, requires description of the humus form profile – the identification of master and subordinate horizons. For this reason we have included a description of the horizon designations as well as a synopsis of the classification and a key to the identification of humus forms.
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Klinka, Karel, Jaume Fons, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Nutrient and biotic properties of mormoder and leptomoder humus forms in the coastal western hemlock zone." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/718.

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In British Columbia, humus form identification is widely use to infer the level of plant-available soil nutrients. This identification is based on field-observable (morphological) features. We recognize three major humu forms: Mors, Moders, and Mulls - which are differentiated according to the type of F horizon, and the presence/absence of organic matter-enriched Ah horizons. Mors represent humus forms where decomposition is dominated by fungi, with slow decomposition rates and accumulations of organic matter on the soil surface. Mors are characterized by the presence of a Fm (m - mycogenous) horizon. In contrast, Mulls represent humus forms with high rates of decomposition and faunal activity resulting in organic matter being intimately incorporated into the upper mineral soil layer instead of accumulating on its surface. Intermediate on the humus form gradient from Mors to Mull are the Moders. Moders are similar to Mors in that they have accumulations of organic matter on the surface of the mineral soil but decomposition is not fungus dominated, so they lack the diagnostic Fm horizon. The central concept of the Moder is represented by the Leptomoder, which is characterized by a Fz (z - zoogenous) horizon with an active population of soil meso- and microfauna, fungal mycelia are not present or present in small amounts. When both fungal mycelia and faunal droppings can be found, but neither clearly predominate over the other, an Fa (a - amphimorphic) horizon results. Fa horizons are characteristic of Mormoders, an integrade between Mors and Moders. Considering the prevalence of Mormoders and Leptomoders in B.C. and the difficulties in identifying Fa horizons, the aim of this study was to determine whether the morphological features used to differentiate these two Moder humus forms reflects differences in their physical, chemical and biotic properties.
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Klinka, Karel, Gordon J. Kayahara, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Comparison of soil acidification and intensity of podzolization beneath decaying wood versus non-woody forest floors in coastal BC." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/763.

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Forest managers concerned with maintaining soil productivity must consider the impacts of forestry practices upon the features of a site. One critical feature is the amount and type of organic matter on a site, which may affect soil development. This study addresses the question of whether CWD accumulations increase the intensity of podzolization, thus reducing the long-term productivity of a site.
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Klinka, Karel, Gordon J. Kayahara, Pavel Krestov, H. Qian, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Vegetation and soil nutrient properties of Black spruce and Trembling aspen ecosystems in the boreal black and white spruce zone." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/717.

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Changes in forest ecosystem vegetation also bring about changes to the associated soil. In order to maintain forest productivity, it is important to know the effects of tree species upon the soil, especially the influence of deciduous versus coniferous tree species. Many deciduous species increase pH, nitrogen, base saturation and/or accumulation of organic matter in the forest floor. The chemical properties of the forest floor may, in turn, influence the chemical properties of the underlying mineral soil. If a tree species significantly alters the soil, then silviculturists may consider crop rotation between deciduous and coniferous trees or growing mixed-species stands to maintain greater nutrient availability and maintain site productivity. Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and black spruce (Picea mariana) may occupy similar sites in the North American boreal forest. Shade-intolerant aspen is generally a seral species while shade-tolerant black spruce can be a seral species but also forms a major component in late successional stages. This study investigated differences in nitrogen-related soil properties between trembling aspen and black spruce stands on upland sites in the BWBS zone of northeastern BC. We asked two questions: (1) are the differences in soil nutrient properties manifested in both forest floor and mineral soil? (2) To what extent are these differences reflected in the floristic composition of understory vegetation?
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Klinka, Karel, R. E. (Reid E. ). Carter, Qingli Wang, and M. C. (Michael Charles) Feller. "Influence of salal on height growth of coastal douglas-fir." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/677.

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The influence of salal on tree growth has attained considerable attention in coastal British Columbia. Field observations, surveys, and studies in the CWH zone have indicated poor growth performance of crop tree species in salal-dominated plantations and natural immature and old-growth stands. Where sites have been burned and planted, tree growth has improved; similar effects have been observed for naturally regenerated stands. Immature stands that developed after wind disturbance or harvesting feature rapid growth and nearly complete absence of salal. As studies have shown that ericaceous plants negatively impact tree growth, the salal on potential harvest sites has been considered undesirable. This study examined (1) the possible influence of salal on the stand, soil nutrient status and site index, and (2) the relations between site index, salal, plant communities, and site in disturbed, immature, coastal Douglas-fir ecosystems. We compared vegetation and environmental characteristics of 101 ecosystems, and examined differences in foliar and soil nutrient characteristics and site index between stands with high and low salal cover through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis.
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Colombini, Gabin. "Étude multi-échelle des interactions saprophages-matières organiques et de leurs implications dans le fonctionnement des humipedons de Technosols : approche fondamentale vers l’ingénierie écologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0277.

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Dans un contexte de dégradation des sols suite aux activités anthropiques et d’érosion de la biodiversité, la compréhension du rôle de la faune édaphique dans le fonctionnement des humipedons est d’intérêt croissant. Le développement de stratégies de réhabilitation des sols anthropisés basées sur les concepts de l’ingénierie écologique pourrait notamment s’appuyer sur les actions de transformation des matières organiques que réalisent les organismes saprophages. L’objectif de cette thèse était (i) de caractériser les fonctions écologiques réalisées par les organismes saprophages à travers la production de biostructures sur des sols fortement anthropisés et (ii) d’évaluer leur potentialité de réhabilitation des Technosols de friches industrielles. Pour cela, une démarche intégrative, basée sur le changement d’échelle spatiale, a été menée sur une friche industrielle d’intérêt. Dans un premier temps, il a été mis en évidence que les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des substrats de Technosols peuvent représenter un filtre abiotique pour la colonisation de la faune édaphique, qui se traduit notamment par l’absence de lombricidés anéciques et endogés dans les Technosols. Dans un deuxième temps, à l’échelle de l’humipedon, les résultats ont permis de montrer que la dynamique des matières organiques néoformées par la végétation dépend également de la nature du substrat utilisé lors de la réhabilitation de la friche. En effet, sous l’action des saprophages épigés, une série d’horizons ectorganiques, similaire à celle d’un Moder, s’est développée sur l’horizon technogénique des Technosols. Le terme de « Techno-moder » a ainsi été proposé pour décrire cette nouvelle forme d’humus. Les spécificités chimiques et ultrastructurales de l’horizon zOH du Techno-moder, constitué de biostructures produites par les saprophages, ont également confirmé cette proposition de classification. Pour finir, l’étude en conditions contrôlées des déjections produites par l’isopode saprophage Porcellio scaber a permis de mettre en évidence que les traits physico-chimiques des déjections dépendent du substrat composant le Technosol et de la matière organique apportée. En accord avec ce qui avait été conclu à l’échelle de l’humipedon, il semble donc que les traits des déjections produites par les saprophages épigés soient une caractéristique intrinsèque de l’écosystème, qui résulte des facteurs environnementaux caractérisant l’humipedon des Technosols. Le développement de stratégie de réhabilitation des Technosols par inoculation couplée de saprophages et de matières organiques pourrait ainsi améliorer certaines caractéristiques physico-chimiques des humipedons de Technosols tout en imposant la prise en compte des interactions spécifiques des organismes avec le substrat<br>In a context of soil degradation and erosion of biodiversity resulting from anthropogenic activities, understanding the role of edaphic fauna in the functioning of humipedons is of growing interest. The development of reclamation strategies on anthropized soils, based on the concepts of ecological engineering, could be based on the actions of transformation of organic matter carried out by saprophagous organisms. The objective of this thesis was (i) to characterize the ecological functions performed by saprophagous organisms through the production of biostructures on anthropized soils and (ii) to assess their potential for the reclamation of brownfields Technosols. To do so, an integrative approach, based on the changes of spatial scale, was carried out on an industrial brownfield of interest. First, it was demonstrated that Technosols physicochemical characteristics can represent an abiotic filter limiting the colonization of edaphic fauna, especially highlighted by the absence of anecic and endogeic earthworms in Technosols. Secondly, at the scale of the humipedon, the results showed that the dynamics of organic matter formed by vegetation also depends on the nature of the substrate used during the rehabilitation of the brownfield. Indeed, under the action of epigeic saprophagous arthropods, a series of ectorganic horizons, similar to the ones of a Moder, developed on the technogenic horizon of Technosols. The term "Techno-moder" has thus been proposed to describe this new humus form. The chemical and ultrastructural features of the Techno-moder zOH horizon, made up of biostructures produced by saprophagous, also confirmed this classification proposal. Finally, feces produced by the saprophagous isopod Porcellio scaber, studied under controlled conditions, allowed to demonstrate that their physicochemical characteristics depend on the Technosol substrate and on organic matter chemical features. In agreement with the conclusions at the humipedon scale, it seems that feces traits produced by the epigeic saprophagous arthropods are an intrinsic characteristic of the ecosystem, which results from the Technosols humipedons composition. The development of Technosols reclamation strategies using coupled inoculation of saprophagous and organic matter could thus improve Technosols humipedons physicochemical characteristics while requiring the specific interactions of organisms with the substrate to be taken into account
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Klinka, Karel, H. Qian, Pavel Krestov, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Species diversity and floristic relationships of the understory vegetation in black spruce and trembling aspen stands in the boreal forest of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/762.

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The boreal forest is confined to the Northern Hemisphere and is the most continuous and extensive forest in the world. In North America boreal forest extends from the Pacific to Atlantic coast spanning over 10° latitude. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are among the dominant tree species. Black spruce and trembling aspen may form pure stands and occupy similar sites as their edaphic amplitudes overlap; however, spruce is rare on water-deficient sites and aspen does not tolerate excess water. Despite many studies conducted in the North American boreal forest, little is known about relationships between the boreal understory vegetation and softwood or hardwood canopy species in different climate regions. Furthermore, the variation in species diversity and succession between the stands dominated by coniferous trees and those dominated by broadleaved trees within the same region is unknown. The objectives of this study are to determine (1) the difference in the species diversity and floristic composition of understory vegetation between black spruce and trembling aspen stands within the same climatic region, and (2) how the species diversity and floristic composition of understory vegetation in each stand type vary with climate, and soil moisture and soil nutrient conditions.
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Klinka, Karel, D. Bradley Collins, Louise E. M. de Montigny, M. C. (Michael Charles) Feller, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Forest floor nutrient properties in single- and mixed-species stands of Western hemlock and Western redcedar." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/709.

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The influence of tree species on forest soils has been the subject of study for at least a century. Of particular interest have been western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) – two of the most common tree species in coastal and southern British Columbia, but each with a different nutrient amplitude. It has generally been found that acid, mycogeneous Mor humus forms develop in hemlock stands, while less acid and more zoogenous Mormoder, Moder, or even Mull humus forms develop in redcedar stands. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hemlock and redcedar, growing separately and together, on forest floor nutrient properties. The questions addressed were: (1) does each stand type have unique forest floor nutrient properties? and (2) can any forest floor nutrient property discriminate between stand types?
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Hoffman, Darrell R. "Blending multimedia and campus-based learning to enhance learning about forest floor and humus forms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55137.

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Given the functions of forest organic soil horizons in carbon sequestration, biodiversity and nutrient cycling, coupled with the fact that the forest floor is often not described in soil surveys, it is important that forestry professionals learn to classify organic horizons and humus forms. The current generation of undergraduate students appreciate having access to multimedia and online resources in their learning, and prefer active, collaborative experiences of the concepts they are learning in the classroom. With technological advances, modernizing curriculum by blending campus-based learning and multimedia is ever easier to accomplish. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop blended-learning activities, combining campus based learning and multimedia web-based resources, to teach forest floor description and classification; and (2) conduct exploratory factor analysis of student survey responses to assess student opinions about the application of the blended-learning method. The Forest Floor web-based educational resource and campus-based activities were developed with the contributions of a team of experts in soil science, web and multimedia design, and science education. Ninety-four percent of students agreed or strongly agreed that the Forest Floor web-based resource was helpful for learning forest floor concepts, 79% that describing samples in class was essential for understanding the properties of organic horizons, and 81% that they were able to relate information in the Forest Floor web-based resource to their own samples used in an in-class activity indicating that students appreciated the blended learning methodology. Based on the survey responses five implicit factors were interpreted: (1) satisfaction with the web-based educational resources as learning enhancements; (2) success of presentation of concepts using a blended learning method; (3) student self-assessment of learning; (4) student learning preferences in accessing materials; and (5) website usability. Student feedback suggests that the blended learning activities were appreciated and met the learning objectives. This study also provides an example for conducting exploratory factor analysis of blended learning interventions and provides factors that may be verified through confirmatory factor analysis.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Göbel, Marc-Oliver. "Impact of solid surface wetting properties on soil physical processes relevant for organic matter decomposition." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/984748709/04.

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Books on the topic "Humus form"

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Sims, R. A. Forest humus forms in northwestern Ontario. Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1996.

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Green, R. N. Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms. Society of American Foresters, 1993.

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Green, R. N. Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms. Society of American Foresters, 1993.

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Mamontov, Vladimir. Soil chemistry: a practical course. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079438.

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The textbook describes methods for analyzing the elemental composition of the mineral part of soils, ways to express the results of gross analysis and recalculation of analytical data. Methods for studying the ion-salt complex of soils and available forms of plant nutrition elements, as well as methods used to determine the total humus and nitrogen, group and fractional composition of humus, and methods for studying some properties of humic acids are presented. The use of gross analysis data, the results of studying the ion-salt complex and soil organic matter for practical purposes is considered.&#x0D; Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.&#x0D; It is addressed to students of higher educational institutions studying at the faculties of soil Science, agrochemistry and ecology in the field of training "Agrochemistry and agro-soil science", as well as graduate students and researchers specializing in soil science, agrochemistry, ecology and agronomy.
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Ishmael, Amelia, ed. Helvete 3. punctum books, 2016. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0158.1.00.

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Not to be confused with metal studies, music criticism, ethnography, or sociology, Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory is a speculative and creative endeavor, one which seeks ways of thinking that count as Black Metal events — and indeed, to see how Black Metal might count as thinking. Theory of Black Metal, and Black Metal of theory. Mutual blackening. Therefore, we eschew any approach that treats theory and Metal discretely, preferring to take the left-hand path by insisting on “some kind of connaturality between the two, a shared capacity for nigredo.” Black Metal Theory is noise. Lacking one clear manifesto or position, it fails to become an elite circle. It is amplified and transmitted electronically: through instruments, lo-fi recordings, internets, and print-on-demand publishers…yet rather than a clear direction of progress we glean only its subversive raw dissonance, disruptions, animalistic screams, resonating disturbances, high-pitched feedback, primitive growls, and its atmospheric statics, hisses, and drones. Black Metal Theory refuses to be hi-fi. It quenches its sonic thirsts from primordial-ditch stews that resemble the dark sludge of recently melted snowfall — pristine white flakes transmuted into a tumultuously sexy and delicious mixture of trash and dirt and ash and poison that swirls and splashes in ditches before seeping into the underground. Our ears drink this disharmonious black bile and our bodies suspend in its intoxicating formless complexities. The third issue of Helvete, “Bleeding Black Noise,” features artwork and essays that focus on the sonic aspects of Black Metal, specifically its interactions with Noise — the interruptions, creations, and destructions of signals. “Bleeding Black Noise” is a revision of Steven Parrino’s statement, “My relation between Rock and visual art: I will bleed for you.” In this issue, Rock is replaced with Noise, and Bleeding is celebrated as a release of the Black Noise — raw energy and formless potential. The essays and art portfolios included here experiment with sonic and conceptual feedback, as well as the way that black noise works through feedback as a process, resonating as background hums or drones, and cascading in foregrounded screams.
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Fielding, Helen. Bridget Jones Diary and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason. Pan Books, 2008.

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Fielding, Helen. Dnevnik Bridzhit Dzhons. Tornton i Sagden, 2000.

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Fielding, Helen. Le journal je Bridget Jones. J'ai Lu, 2001.

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Fielding, Helen. Bridget Jones's Diary: A novel. Picador, 1997.

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Barbora, Puchalská, ed. Deník Bridget Jonesové. Aurora, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Humus form"

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Zanotti, Pierantonio. "Le campagne allucinate: sul modernismo rurale nella letteratura giapponese di inizio Novecento." In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0422-4.20.

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In this essay, making use of concepts from the scholarship on rural modernism and Mark Fisher’s aesthetic reflection on the “weird” and the “eerie”, I analyze some texts in Japanese literature from the first three decades of the twentieth century. In the works of Yamamura Bochō, Hagiwara Sakutarō, and Miyoshi Tatsuji we find traces of a representation of the countryside as a site with its own specific form of modernity; the treatment of rural settings in non-realist modes; humus as the source of a weird externality; and the rural landscape as a powerfully eerie place.
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Dufva, Tomi Slotte. "Creative Coding as Compost(ing)." In Post-Digital, Post-Internet Art and Education. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73770-2_16.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on creative coding practices within a university-level art education context. Drawing from earlier literature and combining it with current research, the chapter takes a feminist approach to creative coding and examines the importance and possibilities of different code-related art educational practice in the post-digital world(ing)s. The chapter discusses how post-digital takes place and uses compost as a metaphor to look at post-digital art education practices. More specifically, it introduces three examples from courses taught at Aalto University that together form the digital compost: humus, care, and waste. The chapter closes with the discussion on further feminist approaches within post-digital within art education.
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Le Bayon, Renée-Claire, Jean-François Ponge, and Augusto Zanella. "Earthworms and Humus Forms." In Earthworms and Ecological Processes. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64510-5_6.

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Villarreal, Alisson Patricia Bolaños, Diana Elizabeth García Tumipamba, and Freddy Vicente Cuarán Sarzosa. "Vermicomposting: Production of Humus and Biol." In Communication, Smart Technologies and Innovation for Society. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4126-8_53.

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Werner, Micha H. "Sollen wir Nutzen maximieren? Ansätze des Utilitarismus." In Einführung in die Ethik. J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05293-3_5.

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ZusammenfassungEin höchstes Moralprinzip: Nach Humes Ansicht sind das Angenehme und das Nützliche Gegenstand moralischer Billigung. Auf Hume beruft sich auch Jeremy Bentham, der Begründer des Utilitarismus, der das Kriterium moralischer Richtigkeit in einer bestimmten Form von Nützlichkeit erblickt. Ursprünglich war der Utilitarismus nicht nur eine moralphilosophische Theorie, sondern auch politische Reformbewegung, die gesellschaftliche Institutionen gemäß der utilitaristischen Ethik reformieren wollte.
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Chomczyńska, Mariola, Lucjan Pawłowski, and Henryk Wasąg. "Ion Exchanger Composites as Humus Substitute for Restoration of Degraded Soils." In Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 3. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9664-3_34.

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Sevink, J., B. Van Wesemael, J. M. Verstraten, and A. C. Imeson. "Humus forms in Eu- and Submediterranean Forests on Acid Parent Materials and the Impact of Forest Fire." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_188.

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Maňkovská, Blanka. "Chemical composition of deciduous and coniferous vegetation, mosses and humus as environmental indicator in Slovakia." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_180.

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Cruz, Alejandro Rios, Ariosto B. Jorge, Bento S. de Mattos, and Ronaldo V. Cruz. "Noise, Vibration, and Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) of Aircraft Dynamic Components." In Fundamental Concepts and Models for the Direct Problem. Biblioteca Central da Universidade de Brasilia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/978-65-86503-83-8.c14.

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van Bree, Cor. "The dialect of Vriezenveen." In Investigating West Germanic Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sigl.8.12van.

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The village of Vriezenveen (not far from Almelo in Twente, an eastern region of the Netherlands) has a dialect that differs from its neighboring dialects in a number a features. For instance, instead of lengthened vowels in open syllables it can have rising diphthongs whereas the other Twente dialects have centered diphthongs or short vowels more open than the original short ones: ljèvn ‘to live’ [jæ.] opposite to lèëvn [εǝ] of lèvvn [ε] (Standard Dutch leven [e.] &lt; [ε]). The Vriezenveen dialect also has (or had) diphthongs in stein ‘stone’ [εi], geitn ‘to pour’, bouk ‘book’ [ɔu] instead of Twente dialect stèèn [ε.], geetn [e.], book [o.], Standard Dutch steen [e.], gieten [i], boek [u]. These conservative features can be explained by the fact that the inhabitants of Vriezenveen had extensive contacts with the Westphalian region through which they travelled on their commercial tours to Russia (Saint Petersburg). In this German region these features can still be found. On the other hand, a form like huus ‘house’, with [y.] instead of [u.], points in a western direction. Nowadays the young inhabitants of Vriezenveen are adapting their dialect to the more general Twente dialect. This regiolectization clearly manifested itself during interviews organized from 2012 through 2015.
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Conference papers on the topic "Humus form"

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He, Jia-Yao, Yanlin Chen, Lei Chen, Xuhua Yang, and Xiao-Xin Li. "Dynamic HUMUS-Net for Fast MRI Reconstruction." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10821980.

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Wade, Daniel, Brian Tucker, Mark Davis, et al. "Joint Military and Commercial Rotorcraft Mechanical Diagnostics Gap Analysis." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12077.

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A group of rotorcraft original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and military and commercial operators have come together to review the current state of mechanical diagnostics (MD) for on board rotorcraft Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS). HUMS has become an integral part of the modern rotorcraft both in commercial and military operations to enhance safety and enable Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). Commercial oil and gas operators depend on the HUMS vibration monitoring and MD to comply with regulations and customer requirements for ensured safety of off-shore transportation. Under the auspices of the HUMS Technical Committee within the American Helicopter Society (AHS), the authors have assessed the performance of HUMS MD through both quantitative and qualitative means. First, results from the U.S. Army fleet, which comprises thousands of deployed HUMS on multiple aircraft models, were examined. Second, qualitative surveys of both commercial/military operators and rotorcraft/HUMS original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were completed. Finally, a literature survey focused on HUMS research and development (R&amp;D) and operational analysis was conducted. Based on this assessment, gaps in the performance of current HUMS MD, needs for future R&amp;D, and challenges to closing those gaps are identified. Collaborative, pre-competitive efforts are also recommended to help close the gaps and generally raise the performance of HUMS MD to enable further enhancements to safety and to support expanded CBM initiatives.
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Heroux-Theriault, Alexandre. "Achieving HUMS Program Financial Benefits - 12 years of day to day HUMS operations on the CH-146 Griffon fleet." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9536.

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Over the years, the cost/benefit balance of Health &amp; Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) available for rotorcraft have generated much debate, especially at the procurement phase of new aircraft. Currently, there is consensus within and outside the HUMS community regarding the safety benefits of having a HUMS system installed. The Royal Canadian Air Force worked in conjunction with the HUMS support team from Bell Helicopter Canada to establish the direct quantitative cost savings of running the HUMS program on their fleet of 85 CH-146 (Bell 412CF) Griffon helicopters. Accepting the safety benefits, the objective was to determine whether the cost savings generated by the program would offset the annual investment required. Using the HUMS database and the various military tracking systems, the number of events for which HUMS provided sufficient data to deviate from either a maintenance action or from a conditional inspection was compiled for a 5 year period from the beginning of 2008 to the end 2012. The total saving was conservatively estimated at $2.1M per year which definitively surpasses the annual investment required to keep the program running.
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Tucker, Brian, Catherine Cheung, Kenneth Royar, Eric Carney, and Derek Fok. "Development of a Common, Open Data Exchange (CODEX) for Rotorcraft HUMS Data." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1196.

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A Common Open Data Exchange format for rotorcraft Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (CODEX-HUMS) would offer a more affordable, capable and effective Integrated Vehicle Health Management System. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) HM-1R committee is developing a standard definition for the CODEX-HUMS open data format produced or used by an on-board or off-board system, SAE Aerospace Standard AS7140. The standard format benefits end users (e.g., operators, developers, suppliers, integrators, and maintainers) with the capability to more rapidly operationalize HUMS data. This HUMS open data format meets the intent of a Modular Open System Approach (MOSA) and provides a foundation for rapid realization of operational benefits from the point of maintenance and from the exchange of HUMS data with external enterprise systems.
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Muise, Aaron, Anthony Edmonds, and Keith Graham. "Employing Legacy HUMS Data to Support Aging Aircraft ASIP." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11476.

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While Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) continue to advance and provide increasingly refined Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) solutions (exemplified at References 1 through 6), HUMS-equipped aircraft procured before the maturation of these systems require consideration of novel approaches to maximize the benefit of available data. Presented as a case study, the Canadian Search and Rescue CH149 Cormorant helicopter, a variant of the Finmeccanica (AgustaWestland) EH-101, entered service for Canada in 2002 equipped with a HUMS. The following paper will present how HUMS data have been employed to support the CH149 fleet of 14 aircraft; specifically, how such data are used to (i) support fleet and individual aircraft usage monitoring, and (ii) identify adverse trends for additional detailed investigation. It is herein demonstrated that heavily processed data from a legacy HUMS, even without defined thresholds, may have value with proper consideration and validation.
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Hoffmann, Falk, Sophie Hasbroucq, and Georg Wurzel. "HUMS and CBM in the Civil Helicopter Market." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9540.

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Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) for rotorcraft have been available since the early 1990s. While HUMS installation and utilization has recently surged in the military environment, driven in large part by the US Department of Defense's CBM+ initiative, commercial applications have progressed at a much slower rate. This paper reviews the challenges that are faced in the application of HUMS and services built around HUMS in the civil helicopter market. Some of the key characteristics of this market that set it apart from the military market are the often small fleet size per operator, starting with individual aircraft, the decentralized maintenance by diverse maintenance service partners, and the constant strong industry competition concerning cost and performance. One of the main challenges in promoting HUMS in the civil helicopter market lies in providing a cost-benefit justification. An approach for monitoring capability analysis and benefit assessment is presented. The approach is based on the analysis of various types of information from sources both within the design organization and from the field.
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Harrigan, Matt. "Criticality Determination of HUMS Applications for Life-Adjustment." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1102.

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Health and Usage Monitoring Systems installed on modern rotorcraft can be used for substantiating component life extensions leveraging actual loads and usage information, reducing uncertainty from assumed loads and usage. One challenge inhibiting fielding such extensions is lack of clearly defined methodology to robustly determine the criticality of the HUMS application. This paper proposes a semi-quantifiable methodology for determining criticality. It is applicable to both loads- and usage-based approaches for part-number-level life adjustments. The approach relies on baseline component design data and is independent of HUMS data to eliminate the possibility of a HUMS errors affecting the bounding criticality assigned to the application. It takes into account the specifics of the component, including the SN working curve, relevant component failure mode severity, and validated compensating provisions that either reduces the likelihood of the component failure mode and/or provides significant "hidden" conservatism not explicitly considered in the assigned uncompensated component failure severity level.
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Beale, Raymond, Paul Swindell, and Mark Davis. "Achieving Usage Based Maintenance with HUMS Regime Recognition." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10186.

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Monitoring of actual aircraft structural usage and loads would enhance rotorcraft safety while enabling reduced operating costs via usage-based maintenance (UBM) credits. While flight regime recognition (RR) algorithms have been demonstrated, they have not been fully validated, and regime-based UBM credits remain elusive due to both technical and certification challenges. This paper describes a viable method, which was developed by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation under an R&amp;D effort funded by the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, for achieving UBM retirement credits for a representative life-limited component based on individual aircraft RR usage statistics calculated from Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) operational fleet data recorded on S-92® rotorcraft. A RR post-processing technique for addressing key technical challenges is described and validation results against flight test data are presented. The RR post-processing method is applied to operational HUMS data resulting in individual aircraft usage statistics across the fleet. Usage statistics are compared to the composite worst case (CWC) usage spectrum by individual tail number to identify the best candidates for UBM life credits. Finally, a UBM component retirement credit is calculated for a specific tail number using reliability factors and validated within a probabilistic framework that assures the goal of six-nines (0.999999) fatigue reliability is maintained.
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Fowler, Lee, and Jonathan Rogers. "A Virtual Pilot Algorithm for Synthetic HUMS Data Generation." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11470.

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Regime recognition is an important tool for creation of usage spectra, component lifetime prediction, and fatigue loads analysis. During development of regime recognition (RR) codes, it is often necessary to establish baseline performance and accuracy of RR algorithms using scripted flight test data. However, various problems arise when using scripted flight test data as "truth" measurements upon which RR code accuracy is based. During scripted flight tests, maneuvers may be imprecisely flown or data may be perturbed by environmental disturbances. An alternative to scripted flight test data lies in simulated, or "synthetic" flight data produced from a flight simulation model. In this case, a maneuver script is flown in simulation and the model outputs are used to build a simulated Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) dataset. An algorithm is needed to generate control inputs in a similar manner to a human pilot so that a maneuver sequence can be flown correctly in simulation. This paper presents a so-called virtual pilot algorithm that generates simulated control inputs for a given maneuver sequence. The virtual pilot receives a maneuver script as input, and streams control inputs to the flight simulator to perform the required maneuvers in an accurate and reliable manner. The virtual pilot proposed here is formulated as a variable structure controller where each maneuver is mapped to a single feedback control law. By switching between feedback laws, different maneuver regimes are flown. A smoothing technique called setpoint tracking bumpless transfer is used to smooth control transitions. Example results show that the virtual pilot can generate realistic synthetic HUMS data for a variety of maneuver sequences. Virtual pilot fidelity is demonstrated through both conformance to the ADS-33 standards for selected Mission Task Elements and comparison to actual HUMS data.
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Wade, Daniel, Ramon Lugos, Lance Antolick, et al. "Machine Learning Algorithms for HUMS Improvement on Rotorcraft Components." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10196.

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The US Army Condition Based Maintenance program collects data from Health and Usage Monitoring Systems, Flight Data Recorders, Maintenance Records, and Reliability Databases. These data sources are not integrated, but decisions regarding the health of aircraft components are dependent upon the information stored within them. The Army has begun an effort to bring these data sources together using Machine Learning algorithms. Two prototypes will be built using decision-making machines: one for an engine output gearbox and another for a turbo-shaft engine. This paper will discuss the development of these prototypes and provide the path forward for implementation. The importance of determining applicable error penalty methods for machine learning algorithms for aerospace applications is explored. The foundations on which the applicable dataset is built are also explored, showing the importance of cleaning disparate datasets. The assumptions necessary to generate the dataset for learning are documented. The dataset is built and ready for unsupervised and supervised learning techniques to be applied.
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Reports on the topic "Humus form"

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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary No.29. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.101.

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This is the 29th monthly Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme’s Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES), signposting to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of one day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions.
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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary No.31. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.157.

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This is the 31st monthly Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme’s Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES), signposting to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of one day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions.
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Membrane-micelle model for humus in soils and sediments and its relation to humification. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2410.

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Formation of a deficit-free balance of soil humus as a necessary condition for improving crop rotation in the forest-steppe zone of the European part of the Russian Federation. FGBOU VO Kursk State Agricultural Academy, Journal Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/issn1997-0749.2020-05-01.

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