Academic literature on the topic 'Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils'
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Journal articles on the topic "Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils"
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Soldatov, Vasilij P., Aslan K. Shkhapatsev, Kamil Sh Kazeev, Tatiana D. Kharitonova, Damir K. Kazeev, and Sergey I. Kolesnikov. "Dynamics of Enzyme Activity Change in Soils of Adygea with Various Degrees of Disturbance after Forest Reduction." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 4 (208) (December 23, 2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2020-4-105-111.
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Regularities of ten-year changes in the biological properties of soils at several clearings in the mid-mountainous part of the Western Caucasus after de-forestation have been revealed. The soil cover of the territory is represented by Rendzic Leptosols, which have a higher humus content and biological activity than zonal Dystric Cambisols. As a result of felling and related work, the area of felling is differentiated according to the degree of disturbance of the soil and vegetation cover. Over time, the soil cover differs from the forest soils more and more as a result of multidirectional processes. Areas with severe damage to the soil are destroyed as a result of erosion, especially in conditions of dissected relief. In the early years, the peripheral areas are actively overgrown with tall-grass meadow vegetation, which leads to the activation of sod and humus-accumulative processes. The activity of soil enzymes (catalase, urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase) varies significantly in different areas of felling sites. Variation in the humus content and catalase activity increases significantly after 5 years of forest clearing. The hydro-lases activity and organic matter content in the disturbed soils of felling are-as decrease several times, while on the outskirts of clearings in slightly disturbed soils, humus accumulation and enzyme activity increases as a result of the edging effect.
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Baillie, I. C., P. S. Ashton, S. P. Chin, et al. "Spatial associations of humus, nutrients and soils in mixed dipterocarp forest at Lambir, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 5 (2006): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740600352x.
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Discrete humus layers are common on podzols under temperate coniferous and tropical heath forests, and patchy layers also occur under some temperate broadleaved forests on non-podzolic soils. We used multiple data sets to test the reported association of humus with oligotrophic but non-podzolic soils under non-heath dipterocarp forest at Lambir, Sarawak. We examined the distribution, morphology and nutrient dynamics of necromass on soils derived from sandstone and shale. Concentrations of the main mineral nutrients were lower in fresh litter on the very oligotrophic sandstone soils than on shale. The rates of litterfall were similar, so that annual litterfall fluxes of all nutrients were lower on sandstone. The lower nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the litter on sandstone resulted in slower decomposition, longer residence times and larger standing crops of forest-floor necromass, with lower concentrations of nutrients. The necromass on sandstone sequestered significantly more N, K and Mg but less Ca and Mn than on shale, with no significant difference for P. The variations in necromass nutrient dynamics were associated with morphological differences. There were mats of densely rooted humus under the litter on sandstone, whereas litter lay directly over the mineral topsoil on shale. Spatial associations with soil nutrients were weak for necromass thickness, but clear for humus. The proportions of nutrients in the litterfall and necromass reflected the stoichiometric profiles of the soils. We attribute the differences in necromass nutrient dynamics and their association with soil reserve nutrients to lower rates of nutrient replenishment from the weathering of sandstone than from shale. Necromass characteristics are robust field indicators of multivariate edaphic differences in these and other tropical forests on Acrisols/Ultisols derived from Tertiary clastic sediments.
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Zverkovsky, V. M., and O. S. Zubkova. "Dynamics of mine rocks and artificial soils agrochemical characteristics under the impact of long-term reclamation." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 17, no. 1-2 (2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041608.
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The agrochemical characteristics of mine rocks and artificial soils of forest recultivation plot № 1 of «Pavlogradska» mine were studied. The quantitative indicators of humus, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen content of the soil and mine rocks samples were described. Changes of agrochemical characteristics of mine rocks and artificial soils, that occur as a result of long-term reclamation and exert an impact on forests suitability and silvicultural effect, were ascertained. Variants of artificial soils, created on the experimental forest recultivation plot, have qualitative differences from natural etalon soils, disturbed soils and differences between themselves. During the creation of various soil constructions in the process of recultivation it is often not taken into account the possible distant consequences that arise in connection with the dynamic features of the climate, topography, lithology, hydrology and other indicators of technogenic landscapes. Due to the functioning of these soil constructions there are significant changes in physical properties and processes, occurring in the remediation root layer, therefore there are a number of issues related to the further evolution of these structures. In this connection a studying of properties and processes in the artificial soils and an analysis of its current state and evolution prognosis become relevant, with a glance of targeted orientation of recultivation layer constructs and characteristics of specific conditions. The aim of the research is an investigation of agrochemical characteristics of bulk soils and an assessment of its forests suitability on the forest recultivation plot of «Pavlogradska» main, with an area of 3.2 hectares, where different constructions of forest plantations are being tested since 1976 on the different versions of artificial soils. The novelty of the work lies in that the findings show the dynamics of artificial soils properties under the influence of long-term biological remediation measures. The humus state of a soil is a complex of morphological traits, common stocks, properties of organic matter and processes of its creation, transformation and migration in the soil profile. This is a fundamental property of soil because it determines the variety of fertility factors. The content of organic matter in mine rocks and artificial soils ranges from 0,15±0,02 (sand) to 6,25±0,08 % (mine rock). However despite the fact that the amount of organic matter in the mine rocks is high, it is a part of the denatured organic compounds, which are not available for free mineralization. Nitrogen is a necessary element for plant development and its soil content determines the level of soil fertility. The analysis showed that the amount of nitrogen ranges from very low in mine rocks to heightened in chernozem loams. The most important biogenic elements also include phosphorus and potassium, which are essential nutrients for plants. Phosphorus and potassium availability is ranging from low in mine rocks to very high in chernozem loams. Also a decrease of potassium and phosphorus content down the soil profile is observed in different artificial soil variants, which correlates with a decrease of plant roots quantity with depth. The most relevant area of recultivation for steppe zone is forestry, in which environmentally hazardous areas are planted with reclamation forest cultures. However, it should be taken into account that creation of artificial forests in steppe zone is a measure associated with certain difficulties, particularly on the zonal chernozem soils. Even greater difficulties encountered in anthropogenic degradation of a substrate with a deterioration of its physicochemical and agrochemical properties in industrial use of lands, which should be considered in the forest land reclamation.
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Zverkovsky, V. M., and O. S. Zubkova. "Dynamics of mine rocks and artificial soils physical and chemical characteristics under the impact of long-term reclamation." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 3-4 (2015): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041519.
Full textAbstract:
The physicochemical characteristics of mine rocks and artificial soils of forest recultivation plot № 1 of «Pavlogradska» main were studied. The absorbed moisture, maximal absorbed moisture, volume weight, unit weight, porosity of soils, content of water-soluble elements, pH of soils’ solutions, salinity and wilting point of plants were described. The dynamics of mine rocks and artificial soils physicochemical characteristics, which have an influence on forests suitability and silvicultural effect, gradually changing due to long-term reclamation, were ascertained. Variants of artificial soils, created on the experimental forest recultivation plot, have qualitative differences from natural etalon soils, disturbed destructive soils and differences between themselves. During the creation of various soil constructioins at the technical stage of recultivation it is often not taken into account the possible distant consequences that arise in connection with the dynamic features of the climate, topography, lithology, hydrology and other indicators of technogenic landscapes. Due to the functioning of these soil constructions on the biological stage of recultivation there are significant changes in physical properties and processes, occurring in the remediation root layer, therefore the monitoring of pedogenesis and evolution of these structures becomes relevant. Tehnozems, formed during reclamation process, are significantly different from zonal soils in the level of fertility (trophicity), physical, water-physical, agrochemical and other important ecosystem indicators. Spatial variability of artificial soils properties leads to a diversity of ecological conditions of mikrobocenosis, phytocenosis and zoocenosis functioning on the recultivation plots. The most important properties for evaluation of the prospects of ways and methods of mine dumps forest reclamation are the following physico-chemical parameters of mine rock and artificial soils as the actual acidity, content of water-soluble salts and humus, fraction composition of the clay fraction, mechanical (granulometric) composition, water-physical properties within a recultivation layer. The aim of the research is investigation of the dynamics of physico-chemical properties and forests suitability of bulk substrates on the forest recultivation plot № 1 of «Pavlogradska» main, with area of 3.2 hectares, where different constructions of forest plantations are being tested since 1976 on the different versions of artificial soils. The novelty of the work is that the findings substantiate the environmental assessment of artificial soils properties dynamics under influence of the long-term biological remediation. Over a long period of reclamation an acidity of main rock remains exceeding because of high sulphates content (up to 3,1 %). Salinity of substrates, contacting with main rock, decreased by 14–22 % in comparison with an initial salinity due to water-soluble salts migration and reclamation influence of experimental forest cultures. Bulk soil constructions on mine dumps of the forest recultivation plot in the steppe conditions can be attributed to humus-accumulative tehnozems with gradually increasing silvicultural effect.
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Formánek, P., and V. Vranová. "A contribution to the effect of liming on forest soils: review of literature." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 4 (2012): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4692-jfs.
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Extensive forest areas were ameliorated by large-scale liming in the last years in order to prevent proceeding acidification and degradation of forest soils. The hitherto knowledge of liming effects on the function of forest soils still appears insufficient for an unambiguous evaluation. Sorption properties of soils and acidity are favourably affected by liming and the favourable effect is usually manifested in the layer of forest floor humus and in mineral soil within ten years. Reduction of soil acidity stimulates development of a bacterial component of microflora, soil edaphon, and good prerequisites are formed for a release of nutrients from soil organic matter. Improvement of some physical parameters of soils and negative effect of liming on the depth of rooting in spruce, availability of nutrients at some sites and in connection with mechanical soil preparation were also described. A key point of liming effect on forest soils is nitrogen dynamics. Mineralization of nitrogen is stimulated at nitrogen-rich sites with C/N < 30. Nitrogen-limited sites show nitrogen mineralization inhibited by liming with signs of pronounced deficiency in spruce nutrition. A positive effect of liming on nutrition with bases is generally accompanied by an adverse influence on N dynamics in acidic soils under spruce monocultures. Therefore it is possible to state that liming induces relatively marked changes in the soil but the actual growth response of woody species cannot be derived only from these changes.
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Stepanova, L. P., E. V. Yakovleva, and A. V. Pisareva. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Geochemical Anomalies in the Zone of Impact of Slag Residuals." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 3 (2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-3-44-48.
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The 13-year-old (from 2003 to 2016) dynamics of soil contamination for the content of heavy metals in the area of the village of Bolshoye Dumchino of the Mtsensk District in the territory adjacent to the slag dump of Mtsensk Foundry was studied. It is shown that on the territory of the placement of slag residuals a techno geochemical anomaly is formed, in which the contained heavy metals are of technogenic and genetic (natural geochemical) nature. To identify the effect of anthropogenic factor on soil pollution with heavy metals, was determined the refined enrichment factor of heavy metals (EFHM) in light gray forest soils at different distances from the slag dump, allowing to calculate the proportion of technogeneity of metals as a percentage of its total content. The technogenic origin of heavy metals as pollutants and the role of humus soil horizons in fixing these metals in the soil profile have been proven. Analysis of the results characterizing the degree of enrichment of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils with heavy metals for the period 2003–2016 convincingly proves the effect of maximum accumulation of slag residuals in the dump on the accumulation intensity and fixation of the studied metals, both in the upper humus layer and their distribution in the profile soil. The established patterns in changing the degree of enrichment and technogenicity of heavy metals in the profile of light-gray forest soil are caused not only by the impact of the slag dump as a source of pollution, but also by the peculiarities of using the soils of the studied territories. It is shown that the toxic load for the analyzed period not only did not decrease, but even increased.
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Demyanyuk, Olena, Lyudmyla Symochko, and Dmitry Shatsman. "Structure and Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities of Natural and Transformed Ecosystems." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 4 (2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.4.23508.
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Soil microbial communities play an important role in ecosystems functioning and are on the field scale essential for plant nutrition and health. On a larger scale, they contribute to global element cycling. Furthermore, they are involved in the turnover processes of organic matter, the breakdown of xenobiotics and the formation of soil aggregates. An ecological state of soils depends on the structure and activity of soil microorganisms. The results of soil monitoring in various ecosystems in different climatic zones of Ukraine showed a clear trend for the correlation between the agroecological conditions and activity of microbiocenosis. The most significant influence of agricultural activity on the soil microbiota can be observed on the poorly soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils, where the crop cultivation without fertilization resulted in a decrease in the total count of microorganisms by 2.2-4.5 times. Application of agricultural measures aimed at achieving maximum productivity, specifically the combination of mineral, organic and biological fertilizers, contributes to an average 1.3-4.1 times increase in the total count of microorganisms in the soil, compared with non-fertilized variants. Soils with low content of organic matter and acidic medium, soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils were characterized by a high number of micromycetes, 136-185×103 CFU·g-1 soil, and a relatively low number of eutrophic and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. The soil of natural ecosystems is characterized by a high total count of the microorganisms with a balanced structure of various ecological-trophic groups and balanced processes of mineralization-immobilization, organic matter decomposition, and humus accumulation.
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Kupka, I., V. Podrázský, and J. Kubeček. "Soil-forming effect of Douglas fir at lower altitudes – a case study." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 9 (2013): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2013-jfs.
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Forest ecosystem and in particular forest soil biodiversity and stability could be jeopardised by the impropriate tree species composition. Douglas fir is a species which has a high potential in Europe both from economic and biodiversity aspects of forest management. A more detailed analysis of Douglas fir effects on the humus forms and forest soil under different conditions is needed to evaluate the future use of this species in central European forests. The study plots cover acid sites with natural hardwood, spruce monoculture and Douglas fir stands. The soil analysis proved favourable effects of this species on soil chemistry, organic matter as well as nutrient dynamics. When compared with domestic coniferous species, Douglas fir proved to have lower acidifying effects on upper soil layers and contributes to better humus forms, recycling nutrients more effectively and producing litter which could be easily decomposed.    
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Sodango, Terefe Hanchiso, Jinming Sha, Xiaomei Li, et al. "Modeling the Spatial Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon Using Remotely-Sensed Predictors in Fuzhou City, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (2021): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091682.
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Assessing the spatial dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for carbon monitoring. Since variability of SOC is mainly attributed to biophysical land surface variables, integrating a compressive set of such indices may support the pursuit of an optimum set of predictor variables. Therefore, this study was aimed at predicting the spatial distribution of SOC in relation to remotely sensed variables and other covariates. Hence, the land surface variables were combined from remote sensing, topographic, and soil spectral sources. Moreover, the most influential variables for prediction were selected using the random forest (RF) and classification and regression tree (CART). The results indicated that the RF model has good prediction performance with corresponding R2 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 0.96 and 0.91 mg·g−1, respectively. The distribution of SOC content showed variability across landforms (CV = 78.67%), land use (CV = 93%), and lithology (CV = 64.67%). Forestland had the highest SOC (13.60 mg·g−1) followed by agriculture (10.43 mg·g−1), urban (9.74 mg·g−1), and water body (4.55 mg·g−1) land uses. Furthermore, soils developed in bauxite and laterite lithology had the highest SOC content (14.69 mg·g−1). The SOC content was remarkably lower in soils developed in sandstones; however, the values obtained in soils from the rest of the lithologies could not be significantly differentiated. The mean SOC concentration was 11.70 mg·g−1, where the majority of soils in the study area were classified as highly humus and extremely humus. The soils with the highest SOC content (extremely humus) were distributed in the mountainous regions of the study area. The biophysical land surface indices, brightness removed vegetation indices, topographic indices, and soil spectral bands were the most influential predictors of SOC in the study area. The spatial variability of SOC may be influenced by landform, land use, and lithology of the study area. Remotely sensed predictors including land moisture, land surface temperature, and built-up indices added valuable information for the prediction of SOC. Hence, the land surface indices may provide new insights into SOC modeling in complex landscapes of warm subtropical urban regions.
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Nevedrov, Nikolay, Maria Fomina, and Galina Smitskaya. "Soil successions of Carbic Podzols (Arenic) under Scots Pine plantations in Kursk region." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129504001.
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Anthropogenic activities lead to significant transformations of natural landscapes. In this article, an attempt was made to describe the soil succession in the context of 100-year dynamics of Scots Pine forest stand in Kursk region. The morphological, physical, chemical and physical and chemical characteristics of sandy podzols in the chronological order of pine forests functioning 0 - 70 - 100 years were under analysis. It was revealed that monodominant forest stand of Scots Pine leads to the transformation of soils at the type level. It is noted that forest stand of Scots Pine on Umbric Podzols contribute to the development of the podzolic process at an average rate of formation of the podzolic horizon - 0.11 - 0.17 sm / year. During the time period of the soil succession (100 years), the thickness of the soil profile has increased and the humus reserves in the profile have increased by 47.1%, as well as a total decrease in the content of mineral nutrients is noted. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Co) in the genetic horizons of Carbic Podzols (Arenic) in the time interval of the succession 70 - 100 years decreases by 21.4 - 71.4%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils"
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Faituri, Mikaeel Y. "Soil organic matter in Mediterranean and Scandinavian forest ecosystems : dynamics of organic matter, nutrients, and monomeric phenolic compounds /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6320-3.pdf.
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Klinka, Karel. "Forest floor dynamics across a chronosequence in the coastal western hemlock zone." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/653.
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The forest floor represents the uppermost organic and organicenriched mineral soil horizons. They have been formed by the deposition of organic material and the subsequent biologically mediated
decomposition. The forest floor influences rooting-zone temperature, aeration, moisture, and nutrient conditions, and hence, forest productivity. Considering the importance of the forest floor, and the fact that it is exposed to disturbance (being the surface layer), we need to assess the potential impacts our logging practices may have.
Clearcutting, one of the contentious silvicultural practices used in British Columbia, is imputed to most adversely affect ecosystems and sustainability. We assessed the long-term impact of clearcutting
on the forest floor by documenting changes in the thickness, chemical and biotic properties of the humus form across a chronosequence of forest stands. The study was located in the largest and most representative portion of the coastal rainforest the Very Wet Maritime Coastal Western Hemlock (CWHvm) subzone.
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Koch, Juliane. "Humus Dynamics along Forest Conversion Sequences in the Lowland and Ore Mountain Region of Saxony, Germany." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1185189101438-82589.
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Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre gewinnt die Rolle des Waldes als C-Speicher zunehmend an Bedeutung. Eine besonders wichtige Funktion kommt hierbei dem Boden zu, denn Böden speichern weltweit mehr C als Vegetation und boden zusammen (Brady and Weil, 2002). Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Waldbewirtschaftung werden in Sachsen derzeit großflächig die bestehenden Nadelforsten in naturnahe, strukturierte Laub- und Laubmischwälder umgewandelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, baumarten- und bewirtschaftungsspezifische Effekte auf den Humus und die C-Speicherung im Waldboden aufzuzeigen. Die Untersuchungsflächen wurden entlang von Waldumbausequenzen gruppiert, welche die Entwicklung von konventionell bewirtschafteten Kiefern- und Fichten-Reinbeständen zu mehr oder weniger strukturierten Rotbuchen- und Rotbuchen-Traubeneichenbeständen über die Stufe der Voranbauten widerspiegeln. Die Untersuchungen wurden im Mittleren Erzgebirge und im Nordsächsischen Tiefland durchgeführt. Zusammenfassend zeigte die Untersuchung (i) einen um 24 % höheren C-Input über den Streufall unter Laubholz, (ii) eine höhere C-Freisetzung durch die C-Mineralisierung, welche im Laufe des Jahres im Of-Horizont unter Laubholz (BuEi) um 68 % höher war als unter Ki und (iii) eine höhere Akkumulation von C unter laubholzbestockten Beständen. Die Oh-Lagen unter den untersuchten Voranbauten und Laubholzbeständen enthielten entsprechend hohe Anteile von 61 % (Bu) und 40 % (BuEi) des in der organischen Auflage gespeicherten C und auch die oberen Mineralböden enthielten deutlich höhere C-Mengen unter LH als unter NH. Die Mechanismen, welche zur C-Sequestrierung in der Oh-Lage unter BuEi führen, konnten in der vorliegenden Arbeit detailliert durch die Humusdynamik in der organischen Auflage im verlauf eines Jahres erklärt werden. Im Gegensatz indizieren die Ergebnisse unter Ki einen verzögerten, aber vergleichbar intensiven Streuabbau im L-Horizont, gefolgt von einer Phase relativer Stagnation in der Of-Lage und einer wiederum aktiven Umsatzphase im vergleichsweise geringmächtigen Oh-Horizont. Die Menge bzw. der Anteil der langfristig gespeicherten organischen Substanz wird wesentlich durch die Streuqualität bestimmt, d.h. die Qualität der Streu steuert die bestandesspezifische Humusdynamik. Neben den standörtlichen und klimatischen Faktoren ist der Einfluss der Bewirtschaftung hingegen ein Faktor, welcher sich primär auf die Abbauaktivität und somit auf die Menge des akkumulierten C auswirken. Die für das Tiefland dokumentierten Effekte werden vermutlich auch im Erzgebirge wieder relevant sein, wenn die Kalkung an Wirkung verliert. Aus der vorliegenden Arbeit kann die Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, dass im Vergleich zur Ki in der organischen Auflage unter LH (BuEi) größere Mengen C aktiv umgesetzt werden und in Folge dieser spezifischen Humusdynamik größere Mengen C in der Oh-Lage und im Mineralboden gespeichert werden können<br>Against the background of the increased CO2 concentration of the atmosphere the role of the forest as C store gains interest. An especially important function comes up to soil as soils sequester more C than vegetation and atmosphere together on a global scale (Brady and Weil, 2002). In the sense of a sustainable forest management of Saxony the vast areas covering coniferous stands are currently converted to semi-natural and structured deciduous and mixed forests. It was thus, the aim of this study to show species- and management-specific effects on humus dynamics and to evaluate top soils as possible C sink. All study sites involved were arranged along sequences representing the development from pure and conventionally managed Scots pine or Norway spruce stands to more or less structured European beech or European beech/Common oak stands via advanced plantings. The study was performed in the Ore mountain region and lowland of Saxony. In sum, the study revealed (i) a by 24 % higher litter-derived C input in the deciduous stand, (ii) a higher release of C by potential C mineralisation, that was in mean of one year by 68 % significantly higher in the F layer under beech/oak than under pine, and (iii) a higher accumulation of C under deciduous stands. The H layer under the studied advanced plantings and deciduous stands contained higher portions of 61 % (beech) and 40 % (beech/oak) of the total C accumulated in the organic layer and also upper mineral soil held evidently higher C under deciduous than under the pine stand. The specific mechanisms of C storage in the H layer under the beech/oak stand were explained in detail by explaining humus dynamics in the different horizons throughout the year. In contrast, the results under pine indicate a retarded, but as intensive decomposition in the L layer, followed by a phase of relative stagnancy (F layer) and in turn again active turnover phase in the comparatively thin H layer. The amount and portion of the long-term sequestered organic matter is substantially affected by the quality of the litter, that is that litter quality rules the stand-specific humus dynamics. Besides the site- and climate-specific factors, forest management in contrast is a factor, that affects turnover activity and thus, the amount of C accumulated. The effects documented for the lowland will presumably be relevant in the Ore Mountain region once the lime looses its effect. It can be concluded that in comparison to pine in the organic layer under deciduous trees (i.e., beech/oak) a higher amount of C is actively turned over and subsequently of this specific humus dynamics a higher amount of C is sequestered in the H layer and in mineral soil
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Koch, Juliane. "Humus Dynamics along Forest Conversion Sequences in the Lowland and Ore Mountain Region of Saxony, Germany." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25012.
Full textAbstract:
Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre gewinnt die Rolle des Waldes als C-Speicher zunehmend an Bedeutung. Eine besonders wichtige Funktion kommt hierbei dem Boden zu, denn Böden speichern weltweit mehr C als Vegetation und boden zusammen (Brady and Weil, 2002). Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Waldbewirtschaftung werden in Sachsen derzeit großflächig die bestehenden Nadelforsten in naturnahe, strukturierte Laub- und Laubmischwälder umgewandelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, baumarten- und bewirtschaftungsspezifische Effekte auf den Humus und die C-Speicherung im Waldboden aufzuzeigen. Die Untersuchungsflächen wurden entlang von Waldumbausequenzen gruppiert, welche die Entwicklung von konventionell bewirtschafteten Kiefern- und Fichten-Reinbeständen zu mehr oder weniger strukturierten Rotbuchen- und Rotbuchen-Traubeneichenbeständen über die Stufe der Voranbauten widerspiegeln. Die Untersuchungen wurden im Mittleren Erzgebirge und im Nordsächsischen Tiefland durchgeführt. Zusammenfassend zeigte die Untersuchung (i) einen um 24 % höheren C-Input über den Streufall unter Laubholz, (ii) eine höhere C-Freisetzung durch die C-Mineralisierung, welche im Laufe des Jahres im Of-Horizont unter Laubholz (BuEi) um 68 % höher war als unter Ki und (iii) eine höhere Akkumulation von C unter laubholzbestockten Beständen. Die Oh-Lagen unter den untersuchten Voranbauten und Laubholzbeständen enthielten entsprechend hohe Anteile von 61 % (Bu) und 40 % (BuEi) des in der organischen Auflage gespeicherten C und auch die oberen Mineralböden enthielten deutlich höhere C-Mengen unter LH als unter NH. Die Mechanismen, welche zur C-Sequestrierung in der Oh-Lage unter BuEi führen, konnten in der vorliegenden Arbeit detailliert durch die Humusdynamik in der organischen Auflage im verlauf eines Jahres erklärt werden. Im Gegensatz indizieren die Ergebnisse unter Ki einen verzögerten, aber vergleichbar intensiven Streuabbau im L-Horizont, gefolgt von einer Phase relativer Stagnation in der Of-Lage und einer wiederum aktiven Umsatzphase im vergleichsweise geringmächtigen Oh-Horizont. Die Menge bzw. der Anteil der langfristig gespeicherten organischen Substanz wird wesentlich durch die Streuqualität bestimmt, d.h. die Qualität der Streu steuert die bestandesspezifische Humusdynamik. Neben den standörtlichen und klimatischen Faktoren ist der Einfluss der Bewirtschaftung hingegen ein Faktor, welcher sich primär auf die Abbauaktivität und somit auf die Menge des akkumulierten C auswirken. Die für das Tiefland dokumentierten Effekte werden vermutlich auch im Erzgebirge wieder relevant sein, wenn die Kalkung an Wirkung verliert. Aus der vorliegenden Arbeit kann die Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, dass im Vergleich zur Ki in der organischen Auflage unter LH (BuEi) größere Mengen C aktiv umgesetzt werden und in Folge dieser spezifischen Humusdynamik größere Mengen C in der Oh-Lage und im Mineralboden gespeichert werden können.<br>Against the background of the increased CO2 concentration of the atmosphere the role of the forest as C store gains interest. An especially important function comes up to soil as soils sequester more C than vegetation and atmosphere together on a global scale (Brady and Weil, 2002). In the sense of a sustainable forest management of Saxony the vast areas covering coniferous stands are currently converted to semi-natural and structured deciduous and mixed forests. It was thus, the aim of this study to show species- and management-specific effects on humus dynamics and to evaluate top soils as possible C sink. All study sites involved were arranged along sequences representing the development from pure and conventionally managed Scots pine or Norway spruce stands to more or less structured European beech or European beech/Common oak stands via advanced plantings. The study was performed in the Ore mountain region and lowland of Saxony. In sum, the study revealed (i) a by 24 % higher litter-derived C input in the deciduous stand, (ii) a higher release of C by potential C mineralisation, that was in mean of one year by 68 % significantly higher in the F layer under beech/oak than under pine, and (iii) a higher accumulation of C under deciduous stands. The H layer under the studied advanced plantings and deciduous stands contained higher portions of 61 % (beech) and 40 % (beech/oak) of the total C accumulated in the organic layer and also upper mineral soil held evidently higher C under deciduous than under the pine stand. The specific mechanisms of C storage in the H layer under the beech/oak stand were explained in detail by explaining humus dynamics in the different horizons throughout the year. In contrast, the results under pine indicate a retarded, but as intensive decomposition in the L layer, followed by a phase of relative stagnancy (F layer) and in turn again active turnover phase in the comparatively thin H layer. The amount and portion of the long-term sequestered organic matter is substantially affected by the quality of the litter, that is that litter quality rules the stand-specific humus dynamics. Besides the site- and climate-specific factors, forest management in contrast is a factor, that affects turnover activity and thus, the amount of C accumulated. The effects documented for the lowland will presumably be relevant in the Ore Mountain region once the lime looses its effect. It can be concluded that in comparison to pine in the organic layer under deciduous trees (i.e., beech/oak) a higher amount of C is actively turned over and subsequently of this specific humus dynamics a higher amount of C is sequestered in the H layer and in mineral soil.
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Kraus, Tamara Esther Caroline. "Tannins and nutrient dynamics in forest soils : plant-litter-soil interactions /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Eriksson, Johan. "Retention and mobilisation of trinitrotoluene, aniline, nitrobenzene and toluene by soil organic matter /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s266.pdf.
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Sjöberg, Gudrun. "Lignin degradation : long-term effects of nitrogen addition on decomposition of forest soil organic matter /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a419.pdf.
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Åkerblom, Staffan. "Anthropogenic heavy metals in organic forest soils : distribution, microbial risk assessment and Hg mobility /." Uppsala : Department of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200667.pdf.
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Groeschl, David A. "Forest soil and vegetation characteristics in two forest types following wildfire in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020129/.
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Duncan, Carla S. "Carbon and nitrogen dynamics on a forest site receiving continual papermill sludge applications : a soil column study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020250/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils"
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Voldseth, Richard. Ten-year results from the Long-Term Soil Productivity Study in aspen ecosystems of the northern Great Lakes region. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011.
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Cunningham, Deirdre. The influence of vegetation and landuse change on soil development at Uragh, Co. Kerry. University College Dublin, 1996.
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Lemieux, Gilles. L' importance du bois raméal dans la "synthèse" de l'humus. Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de l'énergie et des ressources, Service des traitements sylvicoles, 1988.
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McInerney, M. The effect of earthworm activity, silt/clay content and climatic interactions on soil organic matter dynamics in forestry systems. University College Dublin, 1998.
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Ryan, Miriam G. The influence of draught and rewetting on the dynamics of nitrogen, potassium and disolved organic carbon in a coniferous forest ecosystem. University College Dublin, 1997.
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E, Harvey A., and Intermountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), eds. Decaying organic materials and soil quality in the Inland Northwest: A management opportunity. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.
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Management of Tropical Plantation-Forests and Their Soil Litter System: Litter, Biota and Soil-Nutrient Dynamics. Science Publishers, 2002.
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McClellan, Michael H. Soil carbon and nutrient dynamics of windthrow chronosequences in spruce-hemlock forests of southern Alaska. 1990.
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Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health : Dynamics, Mobility and Transformation of Pollutants and Nutrients (Developments in Soil Science). Elsevier Science, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils"
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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Nutrient Dynamics in Forest Soil." In Forest Soils. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_6.
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Sugihara, Soh. "Savannazation of African Tropical Forest Critically Changed the Soil Nutrient Dynamics in East Cameroon." In Soils, Ecosystem Processes, and Agricultural Development. Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56484-3_8.
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Elliot, William. "Soil Erosion in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Dynamics." In The Potential of U.S. Forest Soils to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032277.sec3.
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Elliot, William J. "Soil Erosion in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Dynamics." In The Potential of U.S. FOREST SOILS to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032277-11.
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Neary, Daniel, Stephen Hart, and Steven Overby. "Impacts of Natural Disturbance on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Forest Ecosystems." In The Potential of U.S. Forest Soils to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032277.ch10.
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Overby, Steven T., Stephen C. Hart, and Daniel G. Neary. "Impacts of Natural Disturbance on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Forest Ecosystems." In The Potential of U.S. FOREST SOILS to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032277-10.
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Jordan, Carl F. "The Interface Between Economics and Nutrient Cycling in Amazon Land Development." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0013.
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Most of the terra firme soils in the Amazon are highly weathered, highly leached, have low capacity for retaining nutrients against the continual leaching and weathering of the tropical climate, and are classified as Oxisols and Ultisols, soil types with extremely low fertility (see Cuevas, this volume). The naturally occurring forests of the region maintain a high production of wood and leaves through very efficient recycling of nutrients from decomposing litter to roots in a root-humus layer on top of the mineral soil or near its surface. The decomposing litter is important not only as a source of nutrients, but as a source of organic acids which prevent phosphorus fixation in the iron- and aluminium-rich soils of the Amazon. When forests on Amazonian terra firme soils are cut and burned, and the soils used for agriculture, litter, and humus are rapidly oxidized and destroyed. As a result, the potassium remaining from the original forest is quickly leached, the nitrogen is volatilized, and the phosphorus is immobilized in the mineral soil. This is one of the most important reasons that crop production can be carried out for only a few years under shifting cultivation. It is not just small scale agriculture that is limited by the low fertility of Amazonian soils. In the past, almost all types of development that destroy the nutrient conserving mechanisms of the forest have suffered financially. Two examples are given here to illustrate. In 1967, one of the largest conversions of tropical forest to pulp plantation began near the junction of the Jarí and Amazon rivers, in the state of Pará, Brazil (Time, 1976). The “Jarí” project was initiated and financed by Daniel K. Ludwig, one of the world’s richest men, and owner of numerous international corporations. Ludwig had anticipated a global shortage of wood fiber for pulp, and to meet this shortage, he and his advisors selected a site that they believed had high potential for pulp production (Time 1979, Kinkead 1981). By 1981, the total investment in the 12,000 km2 tract of land was approximately $1 billion (Kinkead 1981). Ludwig’s advisors recommended melina (Gmelina arborea) as the best species to plant.
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Chakravarty, Sumit, Prakash Rai, Vineeta, Nazir A. Pala, and Gopal Shukla. "Litter Production and Decomposition in Tropical Forest." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0014-9.ch010.
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Plant litter production and decomposition is a crucial ecosystem process that defines and governs the plant-soil relationships by regulating the nutrient turnover and the build-up of soil organic matter. Litter is the principal source of organic matter for soils in the forest ecosystem. The litter, upon decomposition, makes available essential nutrients for the growth and development of a forest stand. Different tree components contain different amounts of nutrients; and build up of soil organic matter. The amount of nutrients added through litter decomposition varies with forest types, species, stand attributes, and variation in seasonal environmental conditions. Nutrient return from organic matter is estimated by the physico-chemical properties of the litter. Moreover, the rate of decomposition and the nutrient releases are highly influenced by magnitude of litter produced, litter quality and nutrients release, as well as, by climatic conditions and existing microbial communities in the soil system. Ecological impact of carbon and nutrient dynamics in the litter layer is considerable in a forest ecosystem.
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Valentine, David W., and Knut Kielland. "Patterns of Biogeochemistry in Alaskan Boreal Forests." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0021.
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As the northernmost forest on Earth, boreal forests endure a combination of environmental challenges common only in subalpine forests elsewhere: extremely cold winters, short growing seasons, cold soils, and limited nutrient availability. Consequently, decomposition has lagged plant production, making circumpolar boreal forest soils one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C). Soil organic matter also constitutes a major source of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), that promote plant productivity when released during decomposition. If current trends in high-latitude warming continue (Chapter 4), how will accelerated soil C losses from decomposition compare to the C gains from enhanced plant productivity? This remains an open question of great interest to climate modelers seeking to incorporate biological feedbacks into future generations of general circulation models. This chapter builds on earlier chapters on plants (Chapters 11 and 12), herbivores (Chapter 13), and soil microbes (Chapter 14) to describe the patterns and processes of C and N dynamics in Alaska’s boreal forest, paying particular attention to responses of these processes to the interacting influences of disturbance and climatic variations that occur across the landscape and through time. Other nutrients have received less attention in Alaskan research, and that data gap is reflected in this chapter. Interior Alaska’s boreal forest is a patchwork of successional forest types. The major physiographic zones into which we categorize them reflect the contrasting influences of two major disturbance types: fire in upland and lowland areas results in multiple secondary successional pathways, while a more ordered array of forest types results from a combination of primary succession and variation in flooding frequency during succession on active floodplains (Chapter 7). Within each general physiographic zone (uplands and lowlands, floodplains), differences in the postdisturbance environment further influence vegetation establishment, plant species composition, and, ultimately, element cycling. The state factor approach has proven useful in understanding landscape variation in biogeochemistry (Chapter 1; Van Cleve et al. 1991). As with other aspects of ecosystem function, element cycling reflects control exerted by major state factors: climate, parent material, potential vegetation, topography, and time since the most recent disturbance event.
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Dias-Filho, Moacyr B., and Eric A. Davidson. "Linking Biogeochemical Cycles to Cattle Pasture Management and Sustainability in The Amazon Basin." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0009.
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Pasture development has become the largest anthropogenic disturbance of forest land in the Amazon basin (Skole et al. 1994, Serrão and Toledo 1990). The area of forests converted to cattle pasture in Amazonia is currently estimated at approximately 20 million hectares. In the Brazilian Amazon basin, most of the conversion of forest land to pasture began during the early 1960s to the late 1980s, as a consequence of the opening of Amazon highways and government policies aimed at regional development (Hecht 1982, Nepstad et al. 1991, Serrão et al. 1979). Pasture productivity and longevity in the Amazon basin seem to be closely related to soil fertility and nutrient cycling (e.g., Dias Filho and Serrão 1987, Serrão et al. 1979). Thus, understanding the major biogeochemical cycles that influence soil fertility under pasture is vital for predicting the consequences of continued conversion of tropical forests to cattle pastures. This understanding is also important for devising management technologies that enhance the sustainability of these areas and thus slow further deforestation. Although during the first three to five years after establishment, the productivity of pastures is often good, after that period a rapid decline in productivity of the planted grasses associated with an increased presence of herbaceous and woody invaders is generally observed (reviewed by Serrão and Toledo 1990). If left uncontrolled, these invader species slowly become dominant and lead to “pasture degradation,” a condition characterized by a complete dominance of the weedy community. If left to secondary succession, forest vegetation usually becomes reestablished on these degraded pasture lands in the Amazon, although the species composition is usually different than that of the primary forest (Nepstad 1989). The nutrient status of the degraded pasture soils is among the factors that affect the rate of regrowth of the secondary forests. One of the first attempts to study soil nutrient dynamics under cultivated pastures in the Amazon basin was conducted in the early 1970s by Falesi (1976). The results of that chronosequence study in different soil types suggested that soil nutrient cycling in pastures differed from that of the traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.
Conference papers on the topic "Humus Soil dynamics Forest soils"
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Gromovik, A. I., N. S. Gorbunova, I. V. Cherepukhina, and Yu Yu Khatuntseva. "Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.26.
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The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.
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Ozerova, N. V. "Dynamics of indicators of the humus state of gray forest soils." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj2015-11-25-27.
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Tkachenko, Y. N. "CHANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ALPHE-HUMUS SOILS AS A RESULT OF TREE FELLING." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.395-399.
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On the territory of the Republic of Karelia, forest harvesting takes place in various ways. About 2/3 of the republic's forested area has been cut. Felling of the stand can be attributed to important anthropogenic factors, which in turn affects the dynamics of the structure and species composition of forests. The article discusses alpha-humus soils under stands that are at various stages of restoration after felling. The nature and dynamics of changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of soils as a result of a change in woody and ground vegetation are considered.
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Lukashov, Vladimir, Tat'yana Korotkova, and Aleksandr Isakov. "Efficiency of cultivation of perennial legume-grass mixtures on gray forest soils of Kaluga region." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-135-139.
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The results of research conducted by the authors on gray forest soils in Kaluga region. Shows the energy efficiency of cultivation of perennial and annual fodder crops are calculated based on actual energy consumption and release of metabolic energy yield. The data on the effect of perennial grasses on the content of humus and the change in the acidity of the soil. The scheme to study the efficiency of common crops of different varieties of red clover, lucerne and festulolium changeable, it provides a brief description of the studied cultures. Shows data on yield of green mass, harvesting of 1 hectare of dry matter, metabolizable energy and crude protein according to variants of experience. On the basis of obtained results the conclusion about the feasibility of using the studied mixtures to increase the energy and protein value of feeds, ensuring the most efficient use of nonrenewable energy, conservation and improvement of soil fertility, sustainability of agro ecosystems.