Academic literature on the topic 'Hunan Sheng'

AbstractThis paper examines the terms ‘Raw’ and ‘Cooked’ (sheng and shu) as applied to China’s own Barbarians. First, a review of the more general Chinese conceptions of ‘barbarians’ suggests that the very idea of the civilisation of China (Zhongguo, the ‘central state’) necessarily and continuously required ‘the barbarians’ on the periphery as its corollary. Next, five cases from late imperial Chinese ‘inner frontiers’ (in Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Taiwan and Hunan) are discussed as actual examples of how certain ‘barbarians’ were divided into the ‘Raw’ and the ‘Cooked’. The vast expansion of the imperial state brought about the incorporation of large numbers of former outsiders, but in certain cases people were split into those set to become regular (e.g. liang, ‘good’) Chinese subjects, and those still beyond the pale of civilisation (e.g. the ‘Raw’). Noting how the ‘Raw’ were persistently designated ‘Raw’ even as they, too, actually became deeply implicated in the civilised realm, the paper suggests that these late imperial ‘last barbarians’ were made to persist because of their precious position at the very foundation of imperial sovereignty.

The site of Zhengzhou Shang City (ca. 1509-1315 cal. BC) was the capital of the early Shang Dynasty in China. Archaeological excavations have unearthed a ditch containing approximately one hundred unusual dead human skulls in the rammed-earth foundations of the palace area. The identity and origin of the skulls have long been disputed. In this work, strontium, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were carried out on 11 human skulls and 1 tooth from the ditch, as well as on 11 human bones, 11 human teeth from the ordinary tombs and 10 pig teeth from the Zhengzhou Shang City site. We determined that, in Zhengzhou Shang City, the local strontium isotope ratio ranges from 0.711606 to 0.711884, and ordinary inhabitants consumed mainly C4 plants supplemented by C3 plants. Moreover, humans buried in the ditch have 87Sr/86Sr values from 0.711335 to 0.711741 and consumed only C4 plants. Combining the isotopic data with the archaeological and cultural context, it is concluded that the unusual human skulls in the ditch are most likely those of prisoners of war captured by the central forces conquering the Xiaomintun area of Anyang in the early Shang Dynasty. The results provide valuable insight into the history of violence and military warfare in the early Chinese dynasty.

The meaning of Shang ritual imagery has long baffled scholars. Art historians and anthropologists have wrestled with its meaning every since 1928 when bronzes began to be excavated at Anyang, the Late Shang capital. It is now possible to explore various data to identify the religious significance of Shang ritual art From an art historical point of view, it is evident that certain standard modes of representation were designed to symbolize the theme of metamorphosis from the human to the animal spirit realm. This symbolism also helps to explain why the ubiquitous animal image in Shang art is conceived as a mask. Epigraph-ical data support the interpretation that Shang religion was based on the belief of metamorphosis as represented in art, and that the Shang king once acted as shaman-priest, chief-in-charge of invocation and a mask wearing rite. This interpretation depends on data provided by key terms in Shang bone inscriptions, such as gui 鬼, usually translated spirit ghost and others, directly related, such as the unpronounceable ff and zhu 祝. My intention is to elucidate why spirit ghosts of ancestors, gui were envisioned as anthropomorphized animal masks and how this conception is connected with the shamanic foundation of Shang religion. Although bone inscriptional data indicates that there is a dramatic shift away from exorcistic practices of shamanic origin to cult worship focused on dead royal ancestors, the combined evidence from art and epigraphy strongly argues for a Shang religion founded on the belief in metamorphosis and the king as shaman-priest.

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is a pleiotropic hormone released from gut enteroendocrine cells following nutrient ingestion. In addition to promoting insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion, GLP1 acts via the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) to reduce gastric emptying and food intake. Therefore, development of GLP1R agonists appears to be a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the efficacy of GLP1 analogs in preclinical studies, Biocytogen has successfully generated a novel humanized GLP1R (B-hGLP1R) knock-in mouse line to support related drug development studies. In this mouse model, the full coding sequence of the human GLP1R gene was inserted into the mouse Glp1r gene locus. Human GLP1R mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in B-hGLP1R mice but not in wild-type mice. Protein expression of human GLP1R in B-hGLP1R mice was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis of leukocyte subpopulations showed that B-hGLP1R mice do not exhibit a change in the overall development, differentiation, or distribution of immune cell types in the spleen, blood, and lymph nodes. Additionally, our in vivo efficacy study confirmed Dulaglutide, a GLP1 receptor agonist, reduced the non-fasting blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, glucagon, and food intake levels in B-hGLP1R obese mice and increased plasma insulin and GLP1 secretion. In B-hGLP1R mice, glucose tolerance (GTT) was also improved by Dulaglutide treatment, similar GTT results were observed after treatment with PF-06882961, a phase II agent specifically recognizing human GLP1R. Altogether, B-hGLP1R mice provide an efficacious preclinical animal model to evaluate novel GLP1 based therapeutic drugs. Keywords: Humanized mice, GLP1R, agonist Citation Format: Yuelei Shen, Jiawei Yao, Mostafa Kokabee, Yanan Guo, Yang BaI, Chengzhang Shang. Developing a translational tool for GLP-1-based therapeutic agonists in humanized GLP1R mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3.

The landscape of ancient sites has changed greatly with the passage of time. Among all of the factors, human activities and the change in natural environment are the main factors leading to the change in site landscape. The Panlongcheng site, which is located in Hubei Province, China, has a history of 3500 years with the most abundant relics in the Yangtze River Basin during the Shang Dynasty. As a near-water site, the landscape of the Panlongcheng site is greatly affected by water level changes and water conservancy activities. In this paper, by using spatial information technology, the data obtained from land and underwater archaeological exploration were integrated to restore landscapes of Panlongcheng sites in different periods. After removing modern artificial features and topsoil, the landscapes of the sites before the Shang Dynasty, in the Shang Dynasty and modern time were reconstructed. Combining historical records of water level changes, the landscape and water–land distribution of the Panlongcheng site were compared. The analysis results reflect the interaction between water level changes and human activities in this region for thousands of years, and support the archaeological findings in the near-water area of the Panlongcheng site, which provides a new idea for the landscape reconstruction and analysis of near-water sites.

Abstract Contemporary environmental crises have their origin in the anthropocentric view of humans as separable from and superior to the natural world. Anthropocentrism also marks the realist author of modern Chinese fiction. Departing from that human-centered view, Shen Congwen's work evinces a biological perspective and affirms an ecological understanding of life in which the writing self must trace its roots to and reciprocate with other organisms and all-encompassing nature. The animistic language of Shen's writing delves into the ecological and bodily foundation of beauty and arts. Shen's notion of the longue durée of biology and evolution debunks the transient zeitgeist of modern transformation and accelerations, propelled by the human domination of nature and alienation of the human body. Shen's portrayal of sexuality reasserts the reciprocity and entwinement of inner nature with outer nature.

Almost 30 years has passed since the concept of EMR first appeared. It is well acknowledged that globalization has been one of the major driving forces in the less-developed countries (LDCs) including China. The 2008 Global "Financial Tsunami" has recently ushered in a new economic dynamic in China, i.e. it has forced the Chinese government to take domestic demand as an important national development strategy and this will change its global economic relations as well as lead to changes in its domestic spatial dynamics. In that regard, new EMRs in Inland China, e.g. the Changzhutan (CZT) EMR in Hunan province, the Wuhan EMR in Hubei province, and the Zhongyuan EMR in Henan province, have been designated by the central government to support the domestic demand. Apart from the Coastal EMRs, i.e. the Pearl River Delta (PRD) EMR, this new phenomenon has also extended EMRs to Inland China. Would EMRs formed in Inland China share the same characteristics, mechanisms and spatial structure as those in the coastal areas? How will the new global economy, the demand for development of a low carbon economy and the domestic market impact on the growth of the interior EMRs in China? What can we learn from this new EMR experience in China, theoretically and practically for future policies and planning? Using provincial demographic data by municipality and county in 1990-2010 and supplemented by field surveys, we have tested our hypotheses after a literature review on the development of urban regions in the LDCs. Using the CZT as a case, temporal analyses based on municipal level demographic, economic and land-use data have been conducted to verify the hypothetical driving forces. Through the method of Fixed-effects (FE) model, it brings understanding on a possible new urbanization trend in China, which would likely be embedded in local forces against the nation's new development strategy of emphasizing domestic demand in the ii context of the country's transition towards a major global economy. Through the GIS mapping based county-level data of the CZT, spatial analyses are then conducted to examine the spatial structure of these EMRs in Inland China that are hypothesized as driven by the combination of domestic and global forces. The results have revealed that interior EMRs show a similar pattern to traditional Coastal EMRs in spatial pattern development, i.e. the co-existence of regional concentration of growth dynamics with the intra-EMR dispersion tendency of economic activities from its core to its peripheral "rural areas", although the nature of these forces might be different. For instance, its industrial activities that play a significant role in region-based concentration have shown a tendency toward "low-carbon" in line with the EMRs designation as the Experimental Zone of the "Two-oriented" (resource conserving and environmental-friendly)1 Society. Institutional perspectives have also been used to test the planning and management formation mechanisms of the EMR. It is found that the government role has been very significant and proactive in the formation of this region. Finally, a delimitation method is introduced to delimit the CZT into three rings to further demonstrate the spatial characteristics of region-based urbanization and its dynamics from domestic and global forces regulated by the government.

This study analyzes the fertility change in Shaanxi Province, China and estimates the impact of family planning programs on fertility decline during the 1972-1984. Data used come from the 1985 Regional In-Depth Fertility Survey, supplemented by service statistics of family planning. Fertility change in Shaanxi is analyzed in terms of children ever born to married women, parity progression ratio, age— specific fertility rates, age— specific marital fertility rates and total fertility rates, as well as cohort-period fertility rates. The results confirm a substantial fertility decline in the study areas, particularly among women aged 30 and over and during the 9 years prior to the 1985 survey. This study reveals very high levels of knowledge (5.2 methods per women) and use (currently 69 percent) of contraceptives, suggesting that contraceptive practice plays a key role in reducing fertility among married women in Shaanxi. Of all methods used, 92.6 percent are provided by family planning programs, mainly the more efficient methods, the IUD and sterilization. The study also finds that under strong family planning programs, contraceptive use among married women is irrespective of educational level, Three evaluative methods have been employed to assess the program impact on fertility decline: standardization approach, component projection approach II, and the prevalence model. It is estimated that, of all births averted during the period 1972-1984, three-quarters had been averted by women aged 25 — 39 at the time of the survey, and about 80 percent had been averted by using the IUD and sterilization.

This thesis falls naturally into two parts . The first part is concerned with the level and trend of fertility in Huaibei Plain, Anhui province , China since 1950 and the second with the examination of some determinants of fertility decline . It makes use of data from the 1/1000 Survey of China which was conducted by the Family Planning Commission in 1982. The data used in this thesis are for one area in Anhui province , China , namely Huaibei Plain. In the first part , fertility transition in Huaibei Plain is examined . It is found that the greatest decline in marital fertility occurred among women aged 35+ under the influence of the family planning program. In the second part , some determinants of fertility decline are examined. Fertility decline among younger women (under age 30) is largely due to later age at marriage . Consequently , the nuptiality pattern of Huaibei Plain has changed from an early and universal marriage to a later and universal marriage pattern. Examination of current use of contraception suggests that the family planning program, in particular , the one - child policy (1979) , has been the major determinant in fertility decline. Fertility decline among older women (35+) is primarily due to contraceptive practice . The influence of the one-child policy is so strong that it has almost eliminated the differentials in contraceptive use by education and occupation under certain circumstances ; for example , for women who are under age 45 and have more than two children.

La tesi ha come oggetto la traduzione del racconto 萧萧 ‘Xiaoxiao’, scritto da Shen Congwen nel 1929. La vicenda, che appare di per sé singolare per il matrimonio combinato tra una bambina di tredici anni e un bambino ancora infante, si rivela il ritratto di una società in cambiamento e del il confronto - contrasto di tradizione e modernità che interessa l’intera Cina nel ventesimo secolo. L’antagonismo nei confronti del confucianesimo, che con la sua dottrina aveva governato per secoli ogni aspetto del vivere comune, si esprime attraverso l’auspicato ritorno al modo di vivere e ai valori dei popoli primitivi che abitano i territori di frontiera, come lo Hunan Occidentale, patria dell’autore, nonché luogo dove si svolge la narrazione. La traduzione del racconto, correlata di commento che ne esplicita le principali scelte traduttive, viene inserita nel suo contesto socio-culturale e integrata con le nozioni essenziali sulla vita e sulla poetica di Shen Congwen, considerato uno degli autori più influenti del suo tempo.

This thesis explores attitudes to the body, illness and healing in contemporary rural China through the prism of Pierre Bourdieu's notion of habitus. It is divided in two parts. Part 1 aims to situate attitudes to the body in the specific social, cultural and political economic settings which have engendered them. I show that bodily dispositions articulate ways of engaging with one's surroundings and claims to authority and status. Past experiences equip different generations with different habitus (Bourdieu, 1977; 1990). At the same time, habitus is revised in light of engagements with new environments. As such, this section shows that habitus is made through daily practices, and that attitudes to the body are contingent and contested. Hierarchies with regard to what constitutes a desirable body or a healthy diet are not stable but always disputed. Negotiations surrounding them are informative of wider social processes and serve to reproduce or challenge social relations and values. Part 2 examines bodily practices at times of illness through the case of oesophagus cancer, an illness prevalent in the area, and with specific reference to one case and brief comparisons to others (including some discussion of stomach cancer). This section aims to show that family relationships are produced and contested through various practices of care, and that such relations engender particular bodily attitudes. These practices are not enactments of an already given reality or relationship, but rather vital to producing them. Closer attention to practices during illness are therefore important for understanding how illness is experienced by all involved, but also how it intersects with family relations, attitudes to resources, strategies to secure them and invest them, and perceptions of the state and welfare provision. It shows that a study of social change and reproduction is central to understanding cancer. Conversely, practices surrounding cancer, such as decisions not to undergo surgery, also present ways in which social reproduction and change take place. Employing habitus allows a closer grasp of the intricate processes through which family relations are formed, why families opt for particular forms of treatment and how the effectiveness of therapy is produced.

Builds up a picture of Shen Dao’s political philosophy by focusing on his analyses of the source, nature, and justification of political organization and order. I argue that his thought can only be understood by first coming to an understanding of his conception of the natural realm and how and why he believes that it is essential to model the social and political realm upon this natural realm. This understanding of nature only gets us so far, however, and must be coupled with a deeper awareness of human dispositions, primary among them that people act based on their own private interests, their strengths and abilities vary, and feelings of resentment and expectation arise when decisions are regarded as subjective. Only once these aspects of the natural world and human nature are understood and accounted for is it possible to construct a stable political realm.

The taotie motif on early Chinese ritual bronzes always has two eyes, but eludes the representation of any particular creature with various aesthetic techniques that prevent a clear reading of the image. The motif may be traced back to a simple two-eyed motif that appears in Erlitou culture (c. 1900-1500 BCE) on turquoise plaques worn on the chests of religious interlocutors or spirit mediums who used wine vessels in the performance of sacrificial rites. The early Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1300 BCE) taotie is simple, with two-eyes and the suggestion of a face within a band of ornament, but an incised pottery shard with a split human figure suggests a more complex aesthetic vocabulary on perishable media and presages the complexity of the late Shang (c. 1300-1050 BCE) motif, in which the horns and ears of certain animals, including humans, and the open tiger-mouth allude to the passage to the world of the ancestral spirits.

This chapter will use media ecology, and rhetorical theories of ideology construction and social intervention to look at the ways that contemporary digital media interact with religious and spiritual practices in order to inform and create identities. This chapter will examine the ideology construction that occurs in the Crosswire.org applications, specifically PocketSword designed for the iPhone/iPad and AndBible designed for Android devices. This chapter will also look at the ideology construction and identity creation in the English language section of onislam.net, a website designed to help English-speaking Muslims live out their faith. Finally the chapter will consider Osel Shen Phen Ling, a website designed for “Practicing Buddhadharma in the Tibetan Gelugpa Tradition”.

As the interface between the body and technology, in all of its myriad forms, the skeletal hand morphology of Late Pleistocene humans has received increasing attention since the work of Sarasin (1932) and especially Musgrave (1970, 1971, 1973), as paleoanthropologists have documented a series of contrasts between archaic Homo and recent human hand bones (e.g., Vlček 1975; Trinkaus 1983b; Vandermeersch 1991; Niewoehner et al. 1997; Niewoehner 2001, 2008; Crevecoeur 2008; Lorenzo 2007; Trinkaus in press). However, since there were major changes in human technology between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, and especially with the Mid Upper Paleolithic (MUP), the comparisons of concern should be between late archaic humans and early modern humans. For the Early Upper Paleolithic, the latter include relatively complete hand remains from Nazlet Khater 2 and scattered hand bones from Tianyuan 1 and Brassempouy (Henry-Gambier et al. 2004; Crevecoeur 2008; Shang and Trinkaus 2010). There are then relatively abundant hand remains from the MUP (Verneau 1906; Matiegka 1938; Mallegni et al. 1999; Sládek et al. 2000; Trinkaus 2006c; Trinkaus et al. 2010, 2014), including some immature ones (Mallegni and Parenti 1973; Sergi et al. 1974; Trinkaus et al. 2002b). Yet few of them have been described in detail. In this context, the Sunghir manual remains are described and select aspects are compared across Late Pleistocene samples (principally features that appear to change with the emergence of modern humans). For these descriptions and comparisons, the Sunghir 1 hand bones are paleontologically well preserved. Of the 54 bones potentially present for Sunghir 1 (not counting pollical sesamoid bones), 49 are known, and none sustained more than minor marginal erosion. The originally missing bones include one pisiform bone and four distal phalanges from the ulnar digits. During and after excavation, the right and left hands were mixed, so that the bones have been sorted based on morphology and (for the ulnar middle and distal phalanges) size.

For eons the global environment of the planet has shaped the biosphere, and has been in turn shaped by the biosphere. According to the Gaia hypothesis, the overall impact of the biosphere on the global environment has been beneficial for the development and sustenance of life. However, this harmonious relationship between the biosphere and the environment has been disturbed with the emergence of one species, Homo sapiens, in the biosphere in the last million years. Our species has the potential to cause major disruptions in the global environment, thus threatening the integrity of the biosphere and its own survival. Some of these adverse effects are already known. The crucial challenge facing the future of humanity is to achieve a fundamental understanding of the global environment and to arrive at a new harmony between ourselves and nature. The adverse impact of humans on the local environment has been known for some time in human history. Urban pollution is an ancient problem. Land degradation and destruction of natural habitats were the probable causes of the earliest recorded migration of the Chinese people during the Shang Dynasty around 1500 B.C. (about the time of Moses) in the valleys of the Yellow River. However, until recently there has been relatively little anthropogenic impact on the global environment. There are at least two major global environmental problems that have been identified to date: the CO2 greenhouse effect and the global ozone depletion. These problems lie at the heart of what makes Earth a habitable planet. As discussed in chapter 9, Earth's atmosphere is responsible for a greenhouse effect of about 30°C, without which the surface of the planet would be too cold to allow water to flow. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 would increase the mean surface temperature of the planet by 2-3 °C. There would also be major shifts in the patterns of precipitation. Although the anticipated climatic changes caused by CO2 are small compared to the variations in climate in the geological history of the planet, the rate of change is unprecedented and could result in major social and economical disruptions. As discussed in chapter 9, life on land became possible only after an ozone shield had developed. As far as we know, no advanced living organism can survive the harsh radiation environment on Earth's surface in the absence of this ultraviolet screen.

Abstract This chapter surveys the development of new ideas about nature, the universe, and the human body in ancient China, focusing on the period between the fifth century bce and the second century ce. It focuses in particular on cosmogony (the study of the origins of the universe) and cosmology, astrology and the calendar, and medicine, as well as developments in mathematics, music, and geography. It charts the development of correlative cosmology, focusing on the notion of qi as the fundamental stuff of the cosmos, and how it went through processes based on cycles of yin and yang. It surveys the contributions of leading figures such as Zi Wei, Shi Shen, and Chunyu Yi.

Through a transducer device and the movements effected from a digital pen, we have a pen-based interface that captures digital ink. This information can be relayed on to domain-specific application software that interpret the pen input as appropriate computer actions or archive them as ink documents, notes, or messages for later retrieval and exchanges through telecommunications means. Pen-based interfaces have rapidly advanced since the commercial popularity of personal digital assistants (PDAs) not only because they are conveniently portable, but more so for their easy-to-use freehand input modal that appeals to a wide range of users. Research efforts aimed at the latter reason led to modern products such as the personal tablet PCs (personal computers; Microsoft Corporation, 2003), corporate wall-sized interactive boards (SMART Technologies, 2003), and the communal tabletop displays (Shen, Everitt, & Ryall, 2003). Classical interaction methodologies adopted for the desktop, which essentially utilize the conventional pull-down menu systems by means of a keyboard and a mouse, may no longer seem appropriate; screens are getting bigger, the interactivity dimension is increasing, and users tend to insist on a one-to-one relation with the hardware whenever the pen is used (Anderson, Anderson, Simon, Wolfman, VanDeGrift, & Yasuhara, 2004; Chong & Sakauchi, 2000). So, instead of combining the keyboard, mouse, and pen inputs to conform to the classical interaction methodologies for these modern products, our ultimate goal is then to do away with the conventional GUIs (graphical user interfaces) and concentrate on perceptual starting points in the design space for pen-based user interfaces (Turk & Robertson, 2000).

The design of public space and facilities in a country park aims to serve a wide scope of people with diverse needs and interests. Research on human factors should include users of different ages and capabilities. Children are often a forgotten category of users for collecting views and preferences in public design. Their voices and ideas are seldom heard and heeded. It is crucial to involve children in the design process to optimise outdoor recreational and educational experience in a country park. Playful Public Design by Children is a design research project which involved 1,023 children aged 3 to 18. They were guided to use a human factors (or ergonomics) approach to identify and solve problems in the real-life setting of Shing Mun Country Park in Hong Kong. The design research, spanning from 2019 to 2020, was conceived and co-led by a public design lab of a university and a group of art and design studios for children and teenagers. This paper reports an investigation of children’s perception of, observations on and concerns about the country park and the values underlying these concerns. Different phases engaged children in site research and visual-based design projects. For clarity and more in-depth discussion, this paper focuses specifically on children aged 8 -12. The projects allowed children to participate in observing the inadequacies of current park features such as space and facilities design. Research findings reveal children’s ability to embrace complexity in different design situations as they adopted the role as researcher, designer and change-maker. The common problem-solving strategies among their proposed design ideas reflect their concern for fun, fulfilment, adventure, action and harmony of different users (animals included) in the shared outdoor environment. Their proposed design solutions go beyond existing park design that covers only functional and physical aspects. Children’s perspective addresses other human factors such as psychological, emotional and social needs of different users resulting in an array of whimsical designs, such as zoomorphic gazebos, tree houses and observation towers for star-gazing, bird-watching, daydreaming and quiet reading. The significance of the research project is in the pedagogical practice that reveals children’s inherent creativity, design ability and potential as contributing citizens. The project changes urban children’s perception of nature, design and problem-solving strategies, and parents’ perception of design education in children’s creative development. Through the lens of children, designers can find a more well-rounded view inclusive of different human factors that can optimise users' interaction with the country park environment.

"As individual consumers, one of the most responsible actions we can take to protect the planet is to extend the life of the things we already use."Taking under advisement the indication of Rose Marcario, CEO of Patagonia, the Salewa Metro System project aims to analyse and understand which aesthetic, functional and technical characteristics must be integrated in a garment to ensure maximum longevity, counteracting the trend towards massive consumption of contemporary society. Today the textile and fashion industry is the least sustainable and most polluting among the entire industrial system, both considering the production side where "every phase of its production chain threatens our planet" (Shen, 2014), and that of consumption, which hardly adopts or induces habits that contribute to the cause of a more equitable fashion system. Starting from a stylistic and product analysis of the so-called "vintage" sector, the aesthetic and functional characteristics that allow a garment to remain desirable, regardless of the fashion cycles, have been defined. Quality, functionality, style and sustainability are critical factors both from an environmental and also a commercial point of view, if we consider the ever-increasing sensitivity of the market to issues related to the protection of the planet. In the hyper-connected contemporary society, the ever-increasing search for technologies and materials related to well-being and health, in contrast with an extremely tiring urban environment, have been analysed together with the latest growing fashion trends as “athleisure”, where the demand for stylistic freedom, comfort and sporting performance is central. The Salewa Metro System project is a collection of urban and sporty, convertible and multifunctional outerwear composed of three layers of fabric that can be coupled according to the conditions of the external environment. The technical analysis of the layering system, that is the technical garments with which mountaineers are equipped, has generated the guidelines for the development of a collection that starts from pure technical performance, smoothing out the most extreme accents (useful only in situations of extreme meteorological hostility) to then propose itself to an urban and low mountain market. The use of smart materials and nano textile technologies has made it possible to create a layered system of garments with different functions that can always guarantee the best conditions in which to make the human body work. Used correctly, a good sequence of layers provides protection from environmental atmospheric agents and pollutants, perfect skin transpiration as well as the conservation and dissipation of body heat. The project was carried out in collaboration with the Salewa sportswear company, and the garments are designed to remain intact as long as possible, prepared for care, repairs and replacement of parts. They remain aesthetically attractive in the long term thanks to the classic stylistic choices that can be modified according to the occasion. They are always upgradeable in performance: the individual textile components are always replaceable. They tolerate aging well, have a long-life cycle and hit the market objectives together with increasingly design inputs for a more sustainable fashion process.

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. 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