Journal articles: 'Hunan Sheng'

1

Fiskesjö, Magnus. "On the ‘Raw’ and the ‘Cooked’ Barbarians of Imperial China." Inner Asia 1, no. 2 (1999): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481799793648004.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper examines the terms ‘Raw’ and ‘Cooked’ (sheng and shu) as applied to China’s own Barbarians. First, a review of the more general Chinese conceptions of ‘barbarians’ suggests that the very idea of the civilisation of China (Zhongguo, the ‘central state’) necessarily and continuously required ‘the barbarians’ on the periphery as its corollary. Next, five cases from late imperial Chinese ‘inner frontiers’ (in Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Taiwan and Hunan) are discussed as actual examples of how certain ‘barbarians’ were divided into the ‘Raw’ and the ‘Cooked’. The vast expansion of the imperial state brought about the incorporation of large numbers of former outsiders, but in certain cases people were split into those set to become regular (e.g. liang, ‘good’) Chinese subjects, and those still beyond the pale of civilisation (e.g. the ‘Raw’). Noting how the ‘Raw’ were persistently designated ‘Raw’ even as they, too, actually became deeply implicated in the civilised realm, the paper suggests that these late imperial ‘last barbarians’ were made to persist because of their precious position at the very foundation of imperial sovereignty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wang, Ping, and Deokyoung Park. "殷商甲骨文中享用人祭的先妣." International Journal of Chinese Character Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18369/waccs.2020.1.41.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fang, Fang, Jingwen Liao, Xiaomin Zeng, and Juzhong Zhang. "The Truth of Unusual Deaths under Military Expansion: Evidence from the Stable Isotopes of a Human Skull Ditch in the Capital City of the Early Shang Dynasty." Genes 13, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112077.

Full text

Abstract:

The site of Zhengzhou Shang City (ca. 1509-1315 cal. BC) was the capital of the early Shang Dynasty in China. Archaeological excavations have unearthed a ditch containing approximately one hundred unusual dead human skulls in the rammed-earth foundations of the palace area. The identity and origin of the skulls have long been disputed. In this work, strontium, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were carried out on 11 human skulls and 1 tooth from the ditch, as well as on 11 human bones, 11 human teeth from the ordinary tombs and 10 pig teeth from the Zhengzhou Shang City site. We determined that, in Zhengzhou Shang City, the local strontium isotope ratio ranges from 0.711606 to 0.711884, and ordinary inhabitants consumed mainly C4 plants supplemented by C3 plants. Moreover, humans buried in the ditch have 87Sr/86Sr values from 0.711335 to 0.711741 and consumed only C4 plants. Combining the isotopic data with the archaeological and cultural context, it is concluded that the unusual human skulls in the ditch are most likely those of prisoners of war captured by the central forces conquering the Xiaomintun area of Anyang in the early Shang Dynasty. The results provide valuable insight into the history of violence and military warfare in the early Chinese dynasty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Childs-Johnson, Elizabeth. "The Ghost Head Mask and Metamorphic Shang Imagery." Early China 20 (1995): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800004442.

Full text

Abstract:

The meaning of Shang ritual imagery has long baffled scholars. Art historians and anthropologists have wrestled with its meaning every since 1928 when bronzes began to be excavated at Anyang, the Late Shang capital. It is now possible to explore various data to identify the religious significance of Shang ritual art From an art historical point of view, it is evident that certain standard modes of representation were designed to symbolize the theme of metamorphosis from the human to the animal spirit realm. This symbolism also helps to explain why the ubiquitous animal image in Shang art is conceived as a mask. Epigraph-ical data support the interpretation that Shang religion was based on the belief of metamorphosis as represented in art, and that the Shang king once acted as shaman-priest, chief-in-charge of invocation and a mask wearing rite. This interpretation depends on data provided by key terms in Shang bone inscriptions, such as gui 鬼, usually translated spirit ghost and others, directly related, such as the unpronounceable ff and zhu 祝. My intention is to elucidate why spirit ghosts of ancestors, gui were envisioned as anthropomorphized animal masks and how this conception is connected with the shamanic foundation of Shang religion. Although bone inscriptional data indicates that there is a dramatic shift away from exorcistic practices of shamanic origin to cult worship focused on dead royal ancestors, the combined evidence from art and epigraphy strongly argues for a Shang religion founded on the belief in metamorphosis and the king as shaman-priest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Schwermann, Christian, and Wang Ping. "Female Human Sacrifice in Shang-Dynasty Oracle-Bone Inscriptions." International Journal of Chinese Character Studies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18369/waccs.2015.1.49.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

SIM, Eui-Yong. "The theory of emotions in Sheng yi sim’s The change of human and spinoza." Journal of the Daedong Philosophical Association 83 (June 30, 2018): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20539/deadong.2018.83.05.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Shen, Yuelei, Jiawei Yao, Mostafa Kokabee, Yanan Guo, Yang BaI, and Chengzhang Shang. "Abstract 3: Developing a translational tool for GLP-1-based therapeutic agonists in humanized GLP1R mice." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is a pleiotropic hormone released from gut enteroendocrine cells following nutrient ingestion. In addition to promoting insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion, GLP1 acts via the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) to reduce gastric emptying and food intake. Therefore, development of GLP1R agonists appears to be a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the efficacy of GLP1 analogs in preclinical studies, Biocytogen has successfully generated a novel humanized GLP1R (B-hGLP1R) knock-in mouse line to support related drug development studies. In this mouse model, the full coding sequence of the human GLP1R gene was inserted into the mouse Glp1r gene locus. Human GLP1R mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in B-hGLP1R mice but not in wild-type mice. Protein expression of human GLP1R in B-hGLP1R mice was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis of leukocyte subpopulations showed that B-hGLP1R mice do not exhibit a change in the overall development, differentiation, or distribution of immune cell types in the spleen, blood, and lymph nodes. Additionally, our in vivo efficacy study confirmed Dulaglutide, a GLP1 receptor agonist, reduced the non-fasting blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, glucagon, and food intake levels in B-hGLP1R obese mice and increased plasma insulin and GLP1 secretion. In B-hGLP1R mice, glucose tolerance (GTT) was also improved by Dulaglutide treatment, similar GTT results were observed after treatment with PF-06882961, a phase II agent specifically recognizing human GLP1R. Altogether, B-hGLP1R mice provide an efficacious preclinical animal model to evaluate novel GLP1 based therapeutic drugs. Keywords: Humanized mice, GLP1R, agonist Citation Format: Yuelei Shen, Jiawei Yao, Mostafa Kokabee, Yanan Guo, Yang BaI, Chengzhang Shang. Developing a translational tool for GLP-1-based therapeutic agonists in humanized GLP1R mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Liu, Jianfeng, Qiushi Zou, Qingwu Hu, and Changping Zhang. "A Settlement Landscape Reconstruction Approach Using GIS Analysis with Integrated Terrain Data of Land and Water: A Case Study of the Panlongcheng Site in the Shang Dynasty (Wuhan, China)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 5087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245087.

Full text

Abstract:

The landscape of ancient sites has changed greatly with the passage of time. Among all of the factors, human activities and the change in natural environment are the main factors leading to the change in site landscape. The Panlongcheng site, which is located in Hubei Province, China, has a history of 3500 years with the most abundant relics in the Yangtze River Basin during the Shang Dynasty. As a near-water site, the landscape of the Panlongcheng site is greatly affected by water level changes and water conservancy activities. In this paper, by using spatial information technology, the data obtained from land and underwater archaeological exploration were integrated to restore landscapes of Panlongcheng sites in different periods. After removing modern artificial features and topsoil, the landscapes of the sites before the Shang Dynasty, in the Shang Dynasty and modern time were reconstructed. Combining historical records of water level changes, the landscape and water–land distribution of the Panlongcheng site were compared. The analysis results reflect the interaction between water level changes and human activities in this region for thousands of years, and support the archaeological findings in the near-water area of the Panlongcheng site, which provides a new idea for the landscape reconstruction and analysis of near-water sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chang, Jung San, Kuo Chih Wang, and Lien Chai Chiang. "Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang inhibited Enterovirus 71 infection in human foreskin fibroblast cell line." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119, no. 1 (September 2008): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Wang, Ban. "Nature and Critique of Modernity in Shen Congwen." Prism 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-7480349.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Contemporary environmental crises have their origin in the anthropocentric view of humans as separable from and superior to the natural world. Anthropocentrism also marks the realist author of modern Chinese fiction. Departing from that human-centered view, Shen Congwen's work evinces a biological perspective and affirms an ecological understanding of life in which the writing self must trace its roots to and reciprocate with other organisms and all-encompassing nature. The animistic language of Shen's writing delves into the ecological and bodily foundation of beauty and arts. Shen's notion of the longue durée of biology and evolution debunks the transient zeitgeist of modern transformation and accelerations, propelled by the human domination of nature and alienation of the human body. Shen's portrayal of sexuality reasserts the reciprocity and entwinement of inner nature with outer nature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hong, Mi Hyeon, Jin Seok Hwang, Byung Hyuk Han, Yun Jung Lee, Jung Joo Yoon, Chang Seob Seo, Dae Gill Kang, Hye Yoom Kim, and Ho Sub Lee. "Samchulkunbi-Tang Alleviates Vascular Endothelial Disorder and Renal Dysfunction in Nitric Oxide-Deficient Hypertensive Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8443952.

Full text

Abstract:

Samchulkunbi-tang (SCT, Shen Zhu Jian pi tang in Chinese) is said to have been first recorded by Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng during the Ming Dynasty in China. Records of SCT in Korea are known to have been cited in Donguibogam (Dong Yi Bao Jian in Chinese), Uibang Hwaltu (Yi Fang Huo Tao in Chinese), and Bang Yak Hapyeon (Fang Yao He Bian in China). Although SCT is widely used in treating chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, the beneficial effect on renal vascular function is unknown. Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction in humans and experimental animal models of arterial hypertension. In addition, kidney dysfunction is characterized by hypertension diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SCT on the vascular function in vitro (human umbilical cord endothelial cells, HUVECs) and in vivo (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats). The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is closely related to nitric oxide (NO) production in HUVECs, and SCT in this study significantly increased these. For three weeks, hypertensive rat models were induced by L-NAME administration (40 mg/kg/day) with portable water. It was followed by oral administration with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks to confirm the effectiveness of SCT. As a result, systolic blood pressure decreased in the SCT-treated groups, compared with that in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive group. SCT treatment restored vasorelaxation by stimulating acetylcholine and cGMP production in the thoracic aorta. In addition, SCT treatment decreased intima-media thickness, attenuated the reduction of eNOS expression, and increased endothelin-1 expression. It also increased p-Akt and p-eNOS expression in hypertensive rat aorta. Furthermore, regarding renal function parameters, SCT ameliorated urine osmolality, urine albumin level, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. These results demonstrate that the oriental medicine SCT exerts potent vascular and renal protective effects on nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rats and HUVECs

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pan, Feng. "The Construction of Shen Cong-wen’s Temple of Humanity: A Case Study of Xiao Xiao." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 6, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v6n2p21.

Full text

Abstract:

Xiao Xiao is the first short story written by Shen Cong-wen at the peak of his career as a writer. It is a mature expression of the “beautiful, healthy and natural form of life that is not contrary to human nature” that he strives for. Shen attempts to express his praise for free life through the image of Xiao Xiao, a free and happy child bride. While showing this child bride who dares to break through the stereotypes and old customs in realizing her individual life desires. It reflects Shen’s profound thoughts on the attitude of the city and countryside and the human nature behind.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Liang, Yun. "On the origin and formation of the early Qin Culture." Chinese Archaeology 18, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2018-0013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The early Qin Culture refers to the Qin Culture from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period. Considering its cultural composition, we will realize that it has three main sources, namely the Shang, Zhou, and Western Rong (Western Barbarian) Cultures. The elements derived from the Shang Culture comprised the furniture of waist pits and the custom of dog burial in graves, the use of human sacrifice, the interment of chariots and horses, the Shang-style pottery wares and the tradition of constructing huge-scale mausoleums. These elements reflect that the Qin people initially came from the east and had strong ties with the Shang Dynasty and were deeply influenced by the Shang Culture, and belonged to the Yin people (after the fall of the Shang Dynasty) in the broader sense. The elements absorbed from the Zhou Culture comprised the architectural types of ancestral temples and palaces, the adoption of the ritual vessels, the suspended musical instruments, the Zhou style pottery wares and the writing system. These elements indicate that the Qin people adopted the ritual and musical culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a great political significance at the early stage of Qin’s history. The factors derived from the cultures of the Western Rong ethnic group or the northern steppes included the flexed burial position, the golden body ornaments and chariots and horses, iron wares, animal motifs on utensils, recesses on the walls of the burial pits and the ditches around the graves, the use of bronze cauldrons and swords (daggers). Such elements reflect that during the development process in the Longyou region, the Qin people absorbed the cultures of the adjacent Western Rong ethnic group, the Eurasian steppes and farther beyond. The first kind of elements continued to predominate the Qin Culture down to the middle Western Zhou, then the second and the third ones arose from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period, and simultaneously, the first were only present in the aristocratic burial activities. Based on the remnants of the Shang Culture, the early Qin Culture came into being by widely absorbing elements of the Zhou and Western Rong Cultures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Zhang, Yucheng, and Stephen J. Frenkel. "Employee indifference and inaction against abusive supervision." Employee Relations 40, no. 6 (October 1, 2018): 981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2017-0169.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how part-time waiters perceive and respond to abusive supervision by the owner-manager of a small restaurant.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnographic approach was used to collect data. One of the authors worked as a participant observer for three months. In addition, 13 interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted.FindingsData analysis showed how neutral identification based on a primary identity—liu xu sheng(overseas student)—overshadows employees’ occupational identity (waiter), which helps waiters to cope with abusive supervision.Originality/valueDevelopment and application of the concept of neutral organizational identification orientation encourages emotional suppression and reframing, leading to waiters’ indifference and acquiescence in abusive supervision. Implications are drawn for theory and the practice of managing part-time and temporary workers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Yuan, Jing, and Rowan Flad. "New zooarchaeological evidence for changes in Shang Dynasty animal sacrifice." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24, no. 3 (September 2005): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2005.03.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fox, Ariel. "Exit, Pursued by a Bear: Dushu sheng and the Limits of Community in the Early Qing." Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23290048-8313559.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article explores the late imperial imagination of the nonhuman other by way of a curious creature that appears in the southern drama Dushu sheng. Midway through the play, set in the early years of the Yuan dynasty, the young literatus protagonist is abandoned on a remote island, where he is rescued by a renxiong, a fierce yet empathetic bear-like creature that takes him as its mate. Though short-lived, their union is one of several in the play in which marginal characters are brought into the (narrative and imperial) center through marriage: by the end of the play, the protagonist is wed to both the daughter of a boatman and the daughter of a Mongol official. But while this double marriage offers the possibility of a productive overcoming of the distinctions between scholar and merchant and between Chinese and barbarian, the tragic fate of the renxiong forecloses any possibility of overcoming that which divides man and beast. Rather, as the human community is expanded to include merchant and Mongol, the renxiong serves as the necessary limit, allowing the play to rescue these social and ethnic others from baseness and barbarity. At the same time, the exclusion of the renxiong from this new community is not untroubled; in resisting the genre's compulsive imposition of wholeness, Dushu sheng dramatizes the fractures and exclusions that made possible the restoration of order in the early Qing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Zhixi, Gao. "3. Shang and Zhou Bronze Nao Bells Excavated in South China." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036250280000290x.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTwenty-two bronze nao-bells dating to the late Shang and early Western Zhou periods have been unearthed from the five southern provinces of Hunan, Jiangsi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian. Of these, sixteen were from Hunan, three from Zhejiang, and one each from the remaining three provinces. These bells can be classified into four categories: type A has an animal mask decoration (eleven examples); type B has a cloud pattern (three examples); type C has nipples (only one example); type D has stalks (mei, seven examples).The nao is a bell that can produce two tones. It can be used in sacrificial offerings as well as war. Because most of these bells have been discovered at the top, mid-section, or foot of mountains or on the banks of a river, we surmise that they may have been used in contemporary sacrifices to the mountains and streams, wind and rain, and stars, etc. Based on the periodization of the style of their shape and decoration we conclude that type A may be as early as late Shang, type B can be assigned to the end of the Shang, type C is from the beginning of the Zhou and type D belongs to the early Western Zhou. They developed from type A to B to C to D and then to the yong-bell. The characteristics of southern nao bells are: they are large, thick and heavy; most have whorls on the circular handle; many animal masks and cloud and lightning patterns are formed from thick lines among the decoration; the entire body is usually covered with decoration; most appear singly, and they were set up on their stands with the mouth facing up. In contrast, northern nao-bells are very small, they have no whorls on the handle, their decoration is simple, and they are unearthed in groups of several together.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shen, Yuelei, Yanan Guo, Lingqi Kong, Yang Bai Bai, Jiawei Yao, Chengzhang Shang, and Jingwen Huang. "Abstract 1651: Generation of humanized TLR8 mice for the evaluation of human TLR8 agonists." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1651.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is encoded by the TLR8 gene and belongs to the family of toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR8 is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. Close to the TLR8 gene locus, another TLR family member, TLR7, is also located on chromosome X and potentially can be manipulated by TLR8. TLR8 is an endosomal receptor that recognizes single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. After exogenous ssRNA infection, TLR8 will recruit MyD88 and activate downstream signaling. Similarly, miRNAs secreted from tumor cells also can activate TLR8 and lead to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Therefore, TLR8 also has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target. TLR8 agonists (e.g. VTX-2337) are undergoing clinical trials as immune stimulants in combination therapy for some cancers. Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) were developed by Bolt therapeutics, comprising a TLR7/8 dual agonist conjugated to tumor-targeting antibodies. ISACs can drive tumor killing by TLR mediated activation of myeloid cells and subsequent T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, resulting in tumor clearance and immunological memory. Although human TLR8 arises as a promising target, emerging therapeutic candidates are lacking suitable mouse models on the market for preclinical in vivo screening and efficacy evaluation. Biocytogen has developed a novel TLR8 humanized mouse model (B-hTLR8 mice). Exon 3 of the mouse TLR8 gene, which encodes the extracellular domain, was replaced by human TLR8 counterparts. Human TLR8 protein and mRNA were detected in lung tissue from homozygous B-hTLR8 mice with the absence of mouse TLR8. Additionally, human TLR8 was detectable via flow cytometry in the dendritic cells and monocytes. To further validate the model, we have examined the model in vivo with a benchmark TLR8 agonist GS-9688. We observed TNFα secretion in B-hTLR8 mice but not in wild-type mice. Therefore, B-hTLR8 mouse model is a promising model for preclinical in vivo studies to evaluate TLR8 agonists and antibody-conjugated TLR8 agonists. Citation Format: Yuelei Shen, Yanan Guo, Lingqi Kong, Yang Bai Bai, Jiawei Yao, Chengzhang Shang, Jingwen Huang. Generation of humanized TLR8 mice for the evaluation of human TLR8 agonists [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1651.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

(Jason) Chen, Zhe-Sheng. "Editorial [Hot Topic: ABC Transporters in Pharmacology/Physiology and Human Diseases (Guest Editor: Zhe-Sheng (Jason) Chen)]." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111795163940.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Tian, Yan, Panpan Chen, Peng Lu, He Yang, Shugang Yang, Li Zhang, Qingli Wei, et al. "Evolution of Influence Ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age Cities in the Songshan Mountain Region of Central China Based on GIS Spatial Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225631.

Full text

Abstract:

Exploring the influence range of early cities is significant for understanding the mechanisms behind ancient settlement systems and human-environment interactions. Due to a lack of effective research methods, the evolution processes and impact mechanisms of the influence ranges of prehistoric cities are still ambiguous. In this study, we chose the Songshan Mountain region for research, which witnessed the origin and development of Chinese civilization. Using GIS spatial analyses such as the ‘average nearest neighbor’ and ‘Thiessen polygon’, we explored the spatial-temporal distributions and influence ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age cities in the region. The roles of human culture and the natural environment in the process were also investigated. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of early cities were random during the Yangshao (7000–5000 BP) and Longshan (5000–4000 BP) cultures. During the Erlitou culture (3800–3500 BP) and Shang Dynasty (3600–3046 BP), the spatial distributions changed into dispersed models. During the Zhou Dynasty (3046–2256 BP), the spatial distribution model was random again. Correspondingly, the influence range of early cities during the Erlitou culture is the largest, followed by those of the Longshan culture, Yangshao culture, Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty. This is different from the conventional view that the ancient city’s influence range continuously expands as time advances. Both the natural environment and human culture are believed to impact this evolutional process. Specifically, the Holocene climate variation and the consequent cyclic river downcutting and silting affect the city site selection and thus the spatial-temporal distribution and influence range of early cities. The enfeoffment system occurring during the Erlitou culture should also have played a vital role in this evolution. In general, the natural environment is more important for the spatial distribution and influence range of early cities during Yangshao, Longshan, and Erlitou cultures, while human culture represented by the enfeoffment system plays a dominant role during Shang and Zhou Dynasties when the natural environment is relatively stable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Yu, Chunfeng, Wei Liu, Yuejun Mu, Aihua Hou, and Yin Li. "Effects of Shen Cao Granules on Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Integrative Cancer Therapies 18 (January 2019): 153473541982956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419829568.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: To observe clinical effects of Shen Cao granules on thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Patients under a FOLFIRI chemotherapy regimen (n = 92) were randomly divided into study and control groups (n = 46 for each group) and were given 10 g of Shen Cao granules and a placebo, respectively, once daily on chemotherapy treatment days. Platelet counts were measured every other day and any adverse reaction recorded during the study and at follow-up. Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia (grades II-IV) in the study group was significantly decreased, and the length of hospitalization significantly reduced compared with the control group (11.21 ± 2.46 vs 15.34 ± 3.68 days, P < .05). The minimum numbers of post-chemotherapy platelets and the values of platelet counts 21 days after chemotherapy were significantly increased ([100.65 ± 63.16] × 109/L vs [60.21 ±37.22] × 109/L, P < .05; [267.81 ± 81.32] × 109/L vs [146.42 ± 70.54] × 109/L, P < .001), and the duration of thrombocytopenia and treatment with recombinant human interleukin-11 was significantly decreased in the Shen Cao treatment compared with the control group. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Shen Cao granules were effective in decreasing chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, shortened the duration of thrombocytopenia, and reduced the length of hospital stay and costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shusheng, Geng, and Ma Shila. "Decline of musk deer in China and prospects for management." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 4 (December 2000): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000369.

Full text

Abstract:

In spite of the prominence that conservation of biodiversity has achieved in the world (McNeely 1992), the rate of decline of species with high commercial value is still increasing. The limited arable land and human demand for materials have become major factors contributing to declines in biological resources (Ma et al. 1997). Musk deer have long been famous for the musk that only the male produces. Due to the limited supply of natural musk, musk has been a major item of international trade and the object of smuggling from this region over a long period of time (Sheng 1987, 1992; Liu 1996). The population of wild musk deer has suffered heavy pressure, and the species is on the brink of extinction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Zini, N., M. C. Battista, S. Santi, M. Riccio, G. Bergamini, M. P. Landini, and N. M. Maraldi. "The Novel Structural Protein of Human Cytomegalovirus, pUL25, Is Localized in the Viral Tegument." Journal of Virology 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 6073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.7.6073-6075.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus UL25 codes for a structural phosphoprotein of 85 kDa (C. J. Baldick and T. Shenk, J. Virol. 70:6097–6105, 1996; M. C. Battista et al., J. Virol. 73:3800–3809, 1999). In this study we analyzed the intracellular and intraviral localization of pUL25 by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy and found that pUL25 is a component of the viral tegument and the dense body matrix, acquired during the late cytoplasmic phase of virus maturation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bae, Christopher J. "Shang, Hong, and Erik Trinkaus: The Early Modern Human from Tianyuan Cave, China." Anthropos 106, no. 2 (2011): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2011-2-709.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lin, Minghao, Fengshi Luan, Hui Fang, Hong Xu, Haitao Zhao, Songmei Hu, Yaopeng Qian, Xiaolin Ma, and Graeme Barker. "Bulls for sacrifice, cows for work? Morphometric models suggest that female cattle were used for traction in the Chinese Bronze Age Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE)." Holocene 32, no. 1-2 (October 10, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211049976.

Full text

Abstract:

Training animals to pull agricultural equipment and wheeled transport significantly shaped and advanced human economic systems. In this context the use of large domestic animals such as cattle was a milestone event in human history, part of what Sherratt memorably termed the Secondary Products Revolution: the use of the products of live animals such as milk, wool and traction power. It is commonly assumed that male cattle were generally preferred for traction because of their greater strength compared with females, and the importance of the latter for breeding and, in some societies, for milk and for dairy products, but surprisingly little is known of this aspect of the Secondary Products Revolution in prehistoric China. Here we apply established morphometric models to 10 assemblages of cattle bones from Chinese Bronze Age (ca. 2000–221 BCE) contexts. Our results indicate a process of intensified cattle labour exploitation at this time and, intriguingly, we also observe the earliest labour employment of female cattle during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE). It is proposed that female cattle may have been required for traction because of the large numbers of male cattle, especially bulls, that were sent for ritual sacrifice. Such a strategy reveals a sophisticated social management, upon which the Late Shang civilisation eventually developed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wang, Kuo-Chih, Jung-San Chang, Lien-Chai Chiang, and Chun-Ching Lin. "Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang (Shoma-kakkon-to) inhibited cytopathic effect of human respiratory syncytial virus in cell lines of human respiratory tract." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 135, no. 2 (May 2011): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.058.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kong, Enqi, Chao Zhang, Xia Li, Haiping Song, Li Sun, and Jing Tian. "The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sheng-xue-xiaoban, inhibits the angiogenesis in ovarian cancer in vitro." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 21, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v21i5.13.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sheng-xue-xiao-van (SXXB) is reported to be effective in treatment of thrombocytopenic purpura and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in clinical practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the functions of the SXXB Capsule in ovarian cancer in vitro.Methods: The toxicity of the medicine was measured using CCK8 method in ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OC-3-VGH and also the human ovarian epithelial cell line IOSE80. The cells were treated using the DMSO-diluted SXXB solution with the concentration levels at0, 3.125 and 6.25 μg/ml. Western blot was applied to measure the VEGFA proteins in each group. Later, the cells treated with 0 and 25μg/ml SXXB solution for 48h were collected for supernatant. Then HUVECs were co-cultured with the supernatant. Migration and tube formation assays were performed thereafter.Results: SXXB solution showed higher toxicity in ovarian cancer cells than in IOSE80. The protein levels of VEGFA were reduced as the SXXB concentrations increased in ovarian cancer cells but not in IOSE80. Migration and formed tubes were inhibited in HUVECs co-cultured with the supernatant collected from SXXB-treated ovarian cancer cells.Conclusion: The SXXB Capsule might inhibit the angiogenesis in ovarian cancer in vitro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Chen, Shing-Ling S., Susan Cusmano, and Zhuojun Joyce Chen. "Carnivalizing Other’s Misery: From Human Ice Cream Sundae to Polar Plunge to Ice Bucket Challenge." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, no. 6 (January 3, 2020): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708619897899.

Full text

Abstract:

Reflecting on Shing-Ling Chen’s experience of being a Leukemia child’s mother encountering others’ seemingly hurtful support of her misery, the authors address the ethics of having fun activities as fundraisers for victims of traumatic events. The authors question the adequacy of hosting entertaining activities to fundraise for victims of Asian Tsunami, or patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; that is, the ALS ice-bucket challenge) and cancers (e.g., polar plunge), and so on. The social dynamics and communication processes involved in these events are analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Mo, Xiaoyang, Youhui Shen, Honghui Li, and Xiushan Wu. "A new species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from the northwestern Hunan Province, China." Current Zoology 56, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.4.432.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A new species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae), Megophrys tuberogranulatus Shen, Mo et Li, sp. nov. (Holotype HNUL 03080902, adult male, SVL: 38.2 mm), from Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, is described. Megophrys tuberogranulatus is closely related to both Megophrys kuatunensis and Megophrys minor. Characters of the new species that differentiate this species from close relatives are skin granulated with big tubercles on the dorsal sides of both thigh and tibia, the bigger inner metacarpal tubercle, upper eyelid wider than the interorbital space, hind limbs longer, overlapping of the left and right calcaneal parts. The type specimens are deposited in the Animal Museum of Life Sciences College of Hunan Normal University.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

OGAWA, Yutaka, Kazuyoshi FUJII, and Hiroshi TAMAI. "Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine "Sheng-Jin-Jie-Du-Yin" on a Human Maxillary Cancer Cell Line." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 88, no. 2 (1995): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.237.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Wang, Kuo Chih, Jung San Chang, Lien Chai Chiang, and Chun Ching Lin. "Cimicifuga foetida L. Inhibited Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HEp-2 and A549 Cell Lines." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 40, no. 01 (January 2012): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x12500127.

Full text

Abstract:

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes serious pediatric infection of the lower respiratory tract without effective therapeutic modality. Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang (SMGGT; Shoma-kakkon-to) has been proven to be effective at inhibiting HRSV-induced plaque formation, and Cimicifuga foetida is the major constituent of SMGGT. We tested the hypothesis that C. foetida effectively inhibited the cytopathic effects of HRSV by a plaque reduction assay in both human upper (HEp2) and lower (A549) respiratory tract cell lines. Its ability to stimulate anti-viral cytokines was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C. foetida dose-dependently inhibited HRSV-induced plaque formation (p < 0.0001) before and after viral inoculation, especially in A549 cells (p < 0.0001). C. foetida dose-dependently inhibited viral attachment (p < 0.0001) and could increase heparins effect on viral attachment. In addition, C. foetida time-dependently and dose-dependently (p < 0.0001) inhibited HRSV internalization. C. foetida could stimulate epithelial cells to secrete IFN-β to counteract viral infection. However, C. foetida did not stimulate TNF-α secretion. Therefore, C. foetida could be useful in managing HRSV infection. This is the first evidence to support that C. foetida possesses antiviral activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Brindley, Erica. "Human Agency and the Ideal of Shang Tong (Upward Conformity) in Early Mohist Writings." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 34, no. 3 (February 19, 2007): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-03403008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

BRINDLEY, ERICA. "HUMAN AGENCY AND THE IDEAL OF SHANG TONG (UPWARD CONFORMITY) IN EARLY MOHIST WRITINGS." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 34, no. 3 (September 2007): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.2007.00426.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Edwards, Tony. "International Human Resource Management in Chinese Multinationals – By Jie Shen and Vincent Edwards." British Journal of Industrial Relations 46, no. 1 (March 2008): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00672_10.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Huaichao, Zhao. "DU FU POETRY AND ITS INTERPRETATION IN THE GENRE DIVERSITY OF THE FIRST NOTEBOOK OF "SICHUAN ELEGIES" BY N. SIDELNIKOV." Arts education and science 1, no. 3 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202103016.

Full text

Abstract:

The article briefly describes the work of Du Fu, one of the classics of Tang Chinese poetry. The poet chronicled the history of the Tang state from its heyday to its decline, allowing his compatriots to call him "shi sheng", which means "holy piit". Social issues were among Du Fu's central themes, but in his later years his poetry was characterized by a more attentive attitude to the human being and an awareness of the greatness of the human spirit. The composer N. Sidelnikov, who showed a special interest in the culture of different peoples, put Du Fu's poetry on a par with the works of Michelangelo and Shakespeare. The composer took his poems as the basis for the diptych "Sichuan Elegies". The genre of elegy indicated in the title of the work, exactly corresponds to the mood of Du Fu's poems, composed in the late period of the poet's work. However, the content of the poems includes the prerequisites for the genre diversity of the cycle. In this paper, the first of the two notebooks of "Sichuan Elegies" is analyzed in terms of genre solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

KONG, SHEN SHEN, RONG QUAN ZHENG, and QI PENG ZHANG. "The advertisement calls of Quasipaa shini (Ahl, 1930) (Anura: Dicroglossidae)." Zootaxa 4205, no. 1 (December 4, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4205.1.8.

Full text

Abstract:

The genus Quasipaa (Family Dicroglossidae) is currently composed of 11 species distributed in China and Southeast Asia: Quasipaa acanthophora (Dubois & Ohler 2009), Q. boulengeri (Günther 1889), Q. courtoisi (Angel 1922), Q. delacouri (Angel 1928), Q. exilispinosa (Liu & Hu, 1975), Q. fasciculispina (Inger 1970), Q. jiulongensis (Huang & Liu, 1985), Q. shini (Ahl 1930), Q. spinosa (David 1875), Q. verrucospinosa (Bourret 1937), Q. yei (Chen, Qu & Jiang 2002) (Frost 2016). These species are morphologically similar, and their taxonomy is subject to controversy (Che et al. 2009). Analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggest the genus likely encompass additional cryptic species (Ye et al. 2013). Bioacoustics has contributed to studies on the taxonomy of the genus (Ye et al. 2013; Shen et al. 2015), however, to date, only the advertisement calls of Q. spinosa are known (Yu & Zheng 2009; Chen et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2015). Here, we describe the advertisement calls of Q. shini, which inhabits streams in the southern part of central China(Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Jiangxi) and is characterized by the presence of keratinized skin spines on the lateral surfaces of the body.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Amri, Khairul. "ANALISIS LAJU ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DI SUNGAI LUAS BENGKULU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SHEN HUNGS DAN ENGELUND HANSEN." RADIAL : Jurnal Peradaban Sains, Rekayasa dan Teknologi 10, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37971/radial.v10i1.239.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstrak : Analisis Laju Angkutan Sedimen di Sungai Luas Bengkulu Dengan Menggunakan Metode Shen Hungs Dan Engelund Hansen. Sungai Luas yang berada di Provinsi Bengkulu mengalami permasalahan sedimentasi pada alur sungai sehingga alur sungai menjadi rusak dan terjadi pendangkalan yang mengakibatkan sering terjadi banjir, dimana sungai tersebut tidak mampu menampung air hujan yang ada. Selain itu, delta delta di hilir sungai yang membentuk pulau-pulau kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya laju angkutan sedimen yang terjadi di Sungai Air Luas. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung besarnya laju transpor sedimen adalah Metode Shen Hungs dan Engelund Hansen. Hasil pengukuran di lapangan rata-rata lebar sungai bisa 67,5 meter dan kedalaman 0,45 meter, debit 56,9 m3/detik. Hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Shen dan Hungs, diperoleh laju sedimen sebesar 1.742.040 ton/tahun dan. Sedangkan Metode Engelund dan Hansen menghasilkan laju angkutan sedimen sebesar 1.643.760 ton/tahun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju transpor sedimentasi di Sungai Air Luas terjadi secara terus menerus akibat rusaknya DAS bagian hulu yang menyebabkan terjadinya erosi dan sedimentasi di alur sungai. Sedimentasi yang ada menyebabkan alur sungai menjadi dangkal dan sering terjadi banjir. Untuk itu diperlukan pengelolaan DAS dan pengerukan sedimen secara terpadu secara berkala agar tidak mengganggu aliran air yang terjadi di air Sungai Luas, Bengkulu. Abstract : The Analysis Of Sediment Transport Rate In Luas River of Bengkulu by Using Shen Hungs And Engelund Hansen Methods. The River of Luasis located in Bengkulu Province, which experiences problems with sedimentation in the river channel so that the river channel becomes damaged and siltation occurs, which results in frequent flooding, where the river cannot accommodate existing rainwater. In addition, the delta delta in the lower reaches of the river that forms small islands. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of sediment transport rates that occur in the Air Broad River. The method used to calculate the amount of sediment transport rate is the Shen Hungs and Engelund Hansen Method. The results of field measurements in the average width of the river can be 67.5 meters and a depth of 0.45 meters, a discharge of 56.9 m3 / sec. The results of calculations using the Shen and Hungs method, obtained sediment rate of 1.742,040 tons / year and. Whereas the Engelund and Hansen Method produces sediment transport rates of 1.643,760 tons / year. The conclusion of this study shows that the rate of sedimentation transport in the Air Luas River occurs continuously due to damage to the upstream watershed which causes erosion and sedimentation in the river channel. Existing sedimentation causes the river channel to become shallow and frequent flooding. for this reason, integrated management of watersheds and sediment dredging is needed regularly so as not to disrupt the flow of water that occurs in the River water of Luas, Bengkulu.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lim, Hyun Soo. ""A Study of the Human Sacrifice in Shang Dynasty : Focusing on War, City and Hierarchy"." Critical Review of Religion and Culture 34 (September 30, 2018): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36429/crrc.34.4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zhang, Hua, Deborah C. Merrett, Zhichun Jing, Jigen Tang, Yuling He, Hongbin Yue, Zhanwei Yue, and Dongya Y. Yang. "Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China." PLOS ONE 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2016): e0151854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151854.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lin, Tzeng-Jih, Kuo-Chih Wang, Chun-Ching Lin, Lien-Chai Chiang, and Jung-San Chang. "Anti-Viral Activity of Water Extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas Against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Human Respiratory Tract Cell Lines." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 03 (January 2013): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500419.

Full text

Abstract:

Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (P. lactiflora, Ranunculaceae) is a common ingredient of Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang (SMGGT; Shoma-kakkon-to) and Ge-Gen-Tang (GGT; kakkon-to). SMGGT and GGT are different prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine with different ingredients designed for airway symptoms. Both SMGGT and GGT have anti-viral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Therefore, P. lactiflora was hypothesized to be the effective ingredient of both SMGGT and GGT against HRSV. However, P. lactiflora does not have any proven antiviral activity. This study used both human upper (Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line, HEp-2) and lower (human lung carcinoma cell line, A549) respiratory tract cells to test the hypothesis that a hot water extract of P. lactiflora could effectively inhibit plaque formation induced by HRSV infection. The ability of P. lactiflora to stimulate anti-viral cytokines was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that P. lactiflora was time-dependently and dose-dependently effective against HRSV in HEp-2 and A549 cells, particularly supplemented before viral inoculation (p < 0.0001). 10 μg/ml P. lactiflora had a comparable anti-HRSV activity with 10 μg/ml ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. P. lactiflora was dose-dependently effective against viral attachment (p < 0.0001), with a better effect on A549 cells (p < 0.0001). P. lactiflora was time-dependently (p < 0.0001) and dose-dependently (p < 0.0001) effective against viral penetration. Moreover, P. lactiflora stimulated IFN-β secretion without any effect on TNF-α secretion. Therefore, P. lactiflora could be beneficial at preventing HRSV infection by inhibiting viral attachment, internalization, and stimulating IFN secretion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Westra, Alexander Jan Dimitris, Changhong Miao, Ioannis Liritzis, and Manolis Stefanakis. "Disasters and Society: Comparing the Shang and Mycenaean Response to Natural Phenomena through Text and Archaeology." Quaternary 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5030033.

Full text

Abstract:

Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and more on a global scale. When looking at disasters in antiquity, restoring the environmental and geographical context on both the macro- and microscale is necessary. The relationships between global climatic processes and microgeographical approaches ought to be understood by examining detailed societal strategies conceived in response to threatening natural phenomena. Architectural designs, human geography, political geography, technological artefacts, and textual testimony are linked to a society’s inherited and real sense of natural threats, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, diseases, etc. The Shang and Mycenaean cultures are prime examples, among others, of Bronze Age societies with distinctive geographical, environmental, and cultural features and structures that defined their attitudes and responses to dangerous natural phenomena, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and drought. By leaning on two well-documented societies with little to no apparent similarities in environmental and cultural aspects and no credible evidence of contact, diffusion, or exchange, we can examine them free of the onus of diffused intangible and tangible cultural features. Even though some evidence of long-distance networks in the Bronze Age exists, they presumable had no impact on local adaptive strategies. The Aegean Sea and Yellow River cultural landscapes share many similarities and dissimilarities and vast territorial and cultural expansions. They have an apparent contemporaneity, and both recede and collapse at about the same time. Thus, through the microgeography of a few select Shang and Mycenaean sites and their relevant environmental, archaeological, and historical contexts, and through environmental effects on a global scale, we may understand chain events of scattered human societal changes, collapses, and revolutions on a structural level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mueller, Gunhild M., Wusheng Yan, Lawrence Copelovitch, Susan Jarman, Zhijian Wang, Carol L. Kinlough, Michael A. Tolino, Rebecca P. Hughey, Thomas R. Kleyman, and Ronald C. Rubenstein. "Multiple residues in the distal C terminus of the α-subunit have roles in modulating human epithelial sodium channel activity." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): F220—F228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00493.2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are critically important in the regulation of ion and fluid balance in both renal and respiratory epithelia. ENaC functional polymorphisms may contribute to alterations in blood pressure in the general population. We previously reported that the A663T polymorphism in the C terminus of the α-subunit altered ENaC functional and surface expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Samaha FF, Rubenstein RC, Yan W, Ramkumar M, Levy DI, Ahn YJ, Sheng S, Kleyman TR. J Biol Chem 279: 23900–23907, 2004). We examined whether sites in the vicinity of 663 influenced channel activity by performing scanning Ala mutagenesis. Interestingly, only αT663/G667Aβγ channels exhibited increased currents compared with αT663βγ. This increase in channel activity reflected an increase in channel open probability and not an increase in channel surface expression. In contrast, decreases in channel activity were observed with both αT663/C664Aβγ and αT663/C664Mβγ channels. The decrease in functional expression of αT663/C664Mβγ channels correlated with decreased surface expression, suggesting that the αC664M mutation altered the intracellular trafficking of the channel. While cytoplasmic Cys residues may be modified by the addition of palmitate, we did not observe palmitoylation of αC664. Our results suggest that multiple residues in the distal part of the cytoplasmic C terminus have roles in modulating channel activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kim, Meong-ju. "Anti-aging Healthcare from the Bitterness of Tea and Heart combination in the Kissa Yojoki(Drinking tea for Vitalizing)." Association for International Tea Culture 57 (September 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21483/qwoaud.57..202209.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to present the meaning of anti-aging healthcare through the combination of the bitter taste of tea and heart in 『Kissa Yojoki(Drinking tea for Vitalizing)』. To this end, we first examined the natural way of forming human life activity process system, Shen-Ji’s self-control regulation and Qi-Li’s growth-changing regulation, through accelerationg five flavors of four seasons and Five Elements from the natural spontaneous generation. The core of the mechanism of extending health life through drinking tea was analyzed as the relationship between the bitter taste of tea and the affinity of the heart, which is the theoretical background of the combination of five intestines and five flavors. The bitterness of tea has been found to help extend health life expectancy through balence Shen-Ji which is life activity process system and Qi-Li by controlling the heart function. In the future, a follow-up study is needed to objectively scientificize the meaning of anti-aging healthcare through the relationship between the bitter taste of tea and the affinity of the heart as a verification index of the physiological activity of tea and the autonomic nerve of the five intestines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wang, Yin, Zhen Qin, Weidong Hou, and Michael Storozum. "Water Conservancy System and Urban Layout of Yinxu, the Capital City of Shang: A GIS Approach." Land 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11070986.

Full text

Abstract:

Archaeological work began in 1928 at Yinxu (also known as Yin Ruins), the site of the capital of the late Shang Dynasty, and the continuous excavations have yielded the discovery of numerous remains and relics. The late Shang Dynasty was the zenith of China’s Bronze Age, and research on various aspects of Yinxu has gained attention among Chinese and international archaeologists. The layout of Yinxu, especially the water conservancy systems, has become a popular subject of research in recent years. Nevertheless, quantitative research is lacking in the existing literature. Using geographic information systems (GIS) allows such research to be carried out. This study used the hydrology and density analysis modules of ArcGIS software to study the water system and urban layout of Yinxu quantitatively. The results show that the water conservancy system altered the surface runoff pattern of the city and effectively harnessed limited local water resources. The system, centered on artificial channels, was built during the Second Phase of Yinxu, largely because of climate change and the city’s expansion. Its construction, in turn, profoundly affected the layout of the city. Dwellings and handicraft workshops clustered around areas with abundant water resources; together with the Huan River, the large-scale water conservancy facilities acted as partitions that practically isolated the “central zone”, creating a wall-less defense system that differs from other capital cities in the Bronze Age of China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Huot, Claire. "The Dog-Eared Dictionary: Human-Animal Alliance in Chinese Civilization." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 3 (August 2015): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000571.

Full text

Abstract:

What does the dog mean in Chinese culture? The answers can be found in China's first dictionary, theShuowen jiezi, written by Xu Shen in 121 CE. TheShuowenholds cynological knowledge well beyond the dog's olfactory ability, because it includes notes on vocalization discrimination, situational gait, and even behavioral and personality traits. The dog is also upheld as the representative of all nonhuman animals, undoubtedly because of its morphological and functional versatility but certainly also because it was the human's main interface and companion at the beginning of Chinese civilization. The Chinese graphs for the word “dog” embody both views: generically animalistic or eerily resembling human depictions. As a rift slowly took place in the partnership between humans and dogs when urbanization began, the graphs themselves were manipulated to clearly demarcate one from the other. Eventually dogs became discursive scapegoats. This paper traces the destiny of the dog in semantic and graphic terms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lai, Wenjing, Shasha Yang, Xia Lin, Xing Zhang, You Huang, Jingwei Zhou, Chaomei Fu, Rui Li, and Zhen Zhang. "Zingiber officinale: A Systematic Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Gut Microbiota-Related Gastrointestinal Benefits." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 50, no. 04 (January 2022): 1007–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x22500410.

Full text

Abstract:

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional edible medicinal herb with a wide range of uses and long cultivation history. Fresh ginger (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma; Sheng Jiang in Chinese, SJ) and dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma; Gan Jiang in Chinese, GJ) are designated as two famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which are different in plant cultivation, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. Previous researches mainly focused on the differences in chemical composition between them, but there was no systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. Meanwhile, ginger has traditionally been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, but so far, the possible interaction with human gut microbiota has hardly been considered. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between SJ and GJ retrospectively, particularly proposing them the significant differences in botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology, which can be used as evidence for clinical application of SJ and GJ. Furthermore, the pharmacology of gut microbiota-related gastrointestinal benefits has also been discussed in order to explore better ways to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, which can be used as a reference for further research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Li, Kun, Shi-zheng Li, Yun-li Zhang, and Xue-zhe Wang. "The effects of dan-shen root on cardiomyogenic differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 415, no. 1 (November 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Li, Li, Huabo Jiang, Xuecong Wei, Dandan Geng, Ming He, and Huilan Du. "Bu Shen Zhu Yun Decoction Improves Endometrial Receptivity via VEGFR-2-Mediated Angiogenesis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3949824.

Full text

Abstract:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and plays an important role in angiogenesis. Bu Shen Zhu Yun decoction (BSZYD) can improve endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation rates in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. However, whether BSZYD improves endometrial receptivity via angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of BSZYD on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMECs) and found that BSZYD upregulated the expression of cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HEMECs. Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, scratch-wound assay, and Tube Formation Assay results showed that BSZYD promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HEMECs. Western blot analysis results revealed the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by BSZYD through the upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression. Together, these findings highlight the novel mechanism underlying BSZYD-mediated improvement in endometrial receptivity through the MAPK signaling pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Li, Youguang. "The true or the artificial: Theories on human nature before Mencius and Xunzi-based on “Sheng is from Ming, and Ming is from Tian”." Frontiers of Philosophy in China 5, no. 1 (February 12, 2010): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11466-010-0002-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wang, Jir-You, Wei-Ming Chen, Che-Sheng Wen, Shih-Chieh Hung, Pei-Wen Chen, and Jen-Hwey Chiu. "Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang and its active component Ligusticum chuanxiong promote osteogenic differentiation and decrease the aging process of human mesenchymal stem cells." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 198 (February 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Hunan Sheng'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles