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Journal articles on the topic 'Hungarian Central Bank'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lentner, Csaba, and Sándor J. Zsarnóczai. "Some Aspects of Fiscal and Monetary Tools of the Environmental Sustainability : Through the Case of Hungary." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 7, no. 1 (2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2022.1.5.

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On the one hand, economic sustainability depends on an environmentally friendly and energy-saving economy, though it rather means the continuous functioning of businesses and the national economy, which is expressed in the balance of accounting, foreign trade and budget balances. On the regulatory side, monetary policy, alongside fiscal policy, serves ensuring economic sustainability, as the main objective of central banks is to ensure price stability and maintain financial equilibrium to underpin continued economic activity. However, in our energy crisis-ridden world, there is an increasing e

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2

Csávás, Csaba, Pál Péter Kolozsi, and Ádám Banai. "Challenges of Reducing Interest Expenses on the Minimum Reserve in Small Open Economies : The Case of Hungary." Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 4 (2024): 177–203. https://doi.org/10.33893/fer.23.4.177.

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Several central banks responded to the challenges posed by enlarged central bank balance sheets reported at the beginning of the 2020s and the higher interest rates resulting from the inflation shock by raising reserve requirement ratios and lowering the interest rates paid on the reserve requirement. After providing the relevant theoretical background, a brief historical overview and international examples, this paper examines the reform of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank’s reserve requirement system between 2022 and 2024 as a case study. It presents the impact the steps may have had on banking behav

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3

Pfeffer, Zsolt. "A bankjegyektől a jegybankokig." DÍKÉ 7, no. 1 (2023): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2023.07.01.09.

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In the 17-18th century, during the process of civil transformations, starting from the economic policy based on the era of absolutism, the first central bank regulations appeared in Europe. Mainly the disorganization and crisis of public finances and the need to finance various wars led governments to establish central banks and to provide central banking functions to privately owned banks. The most important issues included the regulation of banknote issuance and legal tender, the management of state funds, the financing of the state debt, as well as the relationship with the state, in other

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Müller, János, and Ádám Kerényi. "The Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies." Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.3.122.

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The revolutionary rise of digital financial innovations has heralded a new era in the operation of the banking system and central banks, which has brought about the digital transformation of money. Central banks must respond to challenges profoundly affecting and transforming the financial system. Central banks have been exploring the introduction of central bank digital currency (CBDC), in order to promote stability and sustainable development, to preserve competitiveness and to bolster the effectiveness of their monetary policies. In addition to smooth operation, the preservation of sovereig

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5

Domány, Gyula. "A magyar jegybank." Közgazdasági Szemle 71, no. 6 (2024): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18414/ksz.2024.6.585.

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It was almost exactly one hundred years ago, on 24 June, 1924, that Hungary’s independent central bank, the National Bank of Hungary, began its operations. Our editorial staff commemorates this anniversary by republishing a lecture given by one of the most eminent financial economists of the time, Gyula Domány, at the Hungarian Economic Society before the adoption of the law on the central bank. In our view, the article is worthy of attention not only from an economic history point of view, as many of its conclusions provide important lessons for today.

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Matolcsy, György. "One Hundred Years for One Goal: Centenary Reflections on the Mission of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank." Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 4 (2024): 13–43. https://doi.org/10.33893/fer.23.4.13.

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This paper pays tribute to the history of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank, which has been working to establish and maintain price and financial stability and to support sustainable growth in the Hungarian economy for the past one hundred years. We seek to find out what the Hungarian economy has looked like from a central bank perspective over the past hundred years. The study thus covers the decisive periods since 1924, encompassing the time between the two world wars, the socialist economic system built up after World War II and the milestones of the era following the regime change. The analysis is p

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Balogh, András, Zsolt Kuti, and Annamária Sipos-Madarász. "The Recent History of Hungarian Monetary Policy and Future Challenges for Central Banks." Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 2 (2024): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.23.2.5.

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The role of central banks in shaping economic processes has been a key issue since their existence. This has typically always been related to the challenges faced by monetary policy decision makers at the time, and from the 2000s onwards even more so in the decade in question. In our essay, we focus primarily on the challenges facing Hungarian monetary policy, briefly outlining the developments in the past decades and elaborating on the challenges ahead. In the longer term, as a small, open economy, Hungary must respond to the prevailing and often interconnected international megatrends of the

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8

Marinkás, György. "Some Remarks on the ‘Hungarian Euro’." Law, Identity and Values 4, no. 1 (2024): 129–50. https://doi.org/10.55073/2024.1.129-150.

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The author strives to answer why Hungary has stayed out of the Eurozone thus far and whether there is any chance of accession in the near future. To do so, in the first part of the paper, the author briefly introduces the ‘half-built house’ characteristic of the Economic and Monetary Union and, then, in the second part, introduces how the Hungarian Central Bank and the Hungarian scientific literature evaluate the pros and cons of the accession to the Eurozone. Finally, the author briefly analyses the Hungarian convergence data to draw a conclusion on whether Hungary could have—and should have—

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9

Merész, Gabriella, Norbert Holczinger, and Koppány Nagy. "Methodological Background of the New Motor Third-Party Liability Insurance Index of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank." Financial and Economic Review 20, no. 3 (2021): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.20.3.5979.

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In order to provide an accurate description of developments in the Hungarian motor third-party liability insurance (MTPL) market, as well as to inform the public and stimulate competition, the Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary, MNB) has elaborated an index to indicate the MTPL premium level. The method offers a comprehensive picture of changes in average premiums, as it uses data from the central itemised MTPL database to cover not only the population switching insurers but also remaining contracts and new entrants. It reduces bias due to seasonal effects and trends by eliminati

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10

Máté, Ákos, Miklós Sebők, and Tamás Barczikay. "The effect of central bank communication on sovereign bond yields: The case of Hungary." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0245515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245515.

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In this article we investigate how the public communication of the Hungarian Central Bank’s Monetary Council (MC) affects Hungarian sovereign bond yields. This research ties into the advances made in the financial and political economy literature which rely on extensive textual data and quantitative text analysis tools. While prior research demonstrated that forward guidance, in the form of council meeting minutes or press releases can be used as predictors of rate decisions, we are interested in whether they are able to directly influence asset returns as well. In order to capture the effect

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11

Ostojic, Sinisa. "Models of restructuring banking systems in economies in transition." Privredna izgradnja 45, no. 3-4 (2002): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0203201o.

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In view of the still underdeveloped capital market in Central and Eastern Europe, modernizing enterprises particularly depends on a functioning banking sector. Due to the interdependence enterprises and banks the insolvency of individual enterprises set off chain reactions which resulted in the collapse of banks and shook the banking systems in some countries. Commercial banks were particularly susceptible to these developments since the ratio between their own fluids and enough experience in reorganizing enterprises nor business perspectives for the enterprises depending on them. In the past

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12

Király, Júlia. "Pieces of a puzzle (A concise monetary history of the 2008 Hungarian financial crisis)." Acta Oeconomica 68, s2 (2018): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2018.68.s2.7.

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In 2008, Hungary was heavily hit by the global financial crisis, and had to turn to the IMF among the first. The paper analyses the road leading to the post-Lehman liquidity crisis from the point of view of Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB), the central bank of Hungary. Based on the minutes and the press releases* of the Monetary Council (MC), a comprehensive account is given why the puzzle was put together too late.

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Bécsi, Attila, Gergely Bognár, and Máté Lóga. "The Growing Importance of the Economic Role of the Corporate Bond Market." Financial and Economic Review 20, no. 4 (2021): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.20.4.537.

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The role of corporate bonds has expanded globally in the past decade, as they are an ideal financial instrument both for diversifying the liability structure of issuing companies and managing investors’ portfolios. An adequately developed, liquid corporate bond market has a beneficial effect on the functioning and transparency of the market mechanisms of the economy and can also strengthen the crisis resilience of the financial system. Several studies have shown that – in addition to the normal functioning of companies – the issue of corporate financing is also important in crisis management,

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14

Kandrács, Csaba. "Financing a Sustainable Economy in Hungary, Opportunities and Challenges: Decarbonisation, Green Transition, Sustainable Finance, Central Bank." Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 69, no. 1 (2023): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2023_1_2.

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Today’s prolonged crisis situations, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and the energy and climate crisis call for climate neutrality in Hungary, although they make transition difficult in the short term. A number of studies suggest that Hungary will be able to reach the target by 2050 at the latest, and that the benefits, on the whole, will outweigh the macroeconomic sacrifices. Nevertheless, green transition, including the Hungarian economy, requires a huge amount of investment and financing, which makes it necessary to involve the private sector, and which centra

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15

Piasecki, Marcin A. "Was Viktor Orbán’s Unorthodox Economic Policy the Right Answer to Hungary’s Economic Misfortunes?" International Journal of Management and Economics 46, no. 1 (2015): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0021.

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Abstract This paper assesses whether the unorthodox policies implemented in Hungary since 2010 were, given a four-year perspective, the right answer to Hungarian economic problems. The paper draws on findings from the author’s August and November 2014 study trips to Hungary, during which Hungarian government officials and scholars from Budapest University of Technology and Economics were interviewed. These findings were supplemented by publications and data from Eurostat and World Bank databases. Statistical data from May 2015 demonstrate that significant improvements took place in most (if no

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16

Türk, Attila. "New Results and Ideas of the Archaeological Research on Early Hungarian History in the Eurasian Context." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 1, no. 47 (2024): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2024.1.47.234.247.

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As Early Hungarian history is a resource-poor research area, archaeology, a field of science with rapidly increasing resource material, is of paramount importance. It is important to emphasize that in the case of archaeology, there is also a significant expansion in research methods, mainly thanks to the bioarchaeological studies that have started with great momentum. In recent years, the most significant archaeological results of Early Hungarian history were the explosive increase in the number of Subbotsi-type sites associated with Etelköz accommodations in the region of the Dniester River.

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17

Zaborovskyy, V. V., and I. E. Revutska. "Regulation of the cryptocurrency market by legislation of Hungary." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (2024): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.44.

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The article is devoted to the study of the regulation of the cryptocurrency market in Hungary, the regulatory consolidation of property rights to cryptocurrency values. A comparative analysis of the regulation of this issue under the legislation of the EU and directly of Hungary was also carried out. Because it is the regulatory framework and court precedents on the territory of the EU that form the basis for the formation of the domestic framework for the regulation of Hungary’s crypto market. It is also important to clearly define Bitcoin and Blockchain as a special kind of thing in Hungaria

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18

Bártfai-Bora, Zsuzsanna, Ádám Huszárik, and Norbert Holczinger. "Stability versus Volatility: Hungarian Experiences with the First Five Years of Solvency II Regarding Quantitative Elements." Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.2.66.

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It has been more than five years since the introduction of the Solvency II framework (S2), which determines how insurers should operate in Europe, and this allows for a detailed analysis of Hungarian developments. The new approach in S2 that makes it similar to banking regulation, including the market-consistent valuation principles and the application of a risk-based capital requirement, has stood the test of time in recent years: the various shocks did not undermine the stability of the Hungarian sector. This was largely due to the recommendation of the central bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzet

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19

Szombati, Anikó. "Banking union through Hungarian eyes–assessment of a possible close cooperation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 6, no. 1 (2017): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i1_p6.

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Legislation laying down the first two pillars of the institutional system of the Banking Union was finalised in April 2014. In accordance with the regulations, non-euro area Member States, including Hungary, may notify the ECB at any time if they wish to participate in the common system even before the euro is adopted. The paper aims at summarising the possible pros and cons vis-à-vis the Banking Union from a Hungarian perspective. It highlights the reasons for not opting in at the inception of the new supervisory system and also gives indications about those major milestones that could give r

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20

Kovács, Levente, and Sandor David. "Compliance landscape in central and eastern Europe – the case of Hungary." Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, no. 4 (2017): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-11-2016-0046.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore how the understanding of the concept of compliance as its own risk category and the role of compliance as a separate internal banking function developed during the central and eastern European (CEE) region’s restoration of the banking systems, both parallel to and as a part of their transition process from their centrally planned economies to market economies, with special focus on the case of Hungary. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the transition within CEE and the reconstruction of their banking systems, including that of money and the capi

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Frolov, Serhiy, Maksym Ivasenko, Mariia Dykha, Iryna Shalyhina, Vladyslav Hrabar, and Veronika Fenyves. "Interaction between decentralized financial services and the traditional banking system: A comparative analysis." Banks and Bank Systems 19, no. 2 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(2).2024.05.

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This paper investigates the interaction between decentralized financial services and the traditional banking system by building VAR models, conducting Granger causality tests, building impulse response functions, and performing variance analysis. To implement the model, banking indicators of the USA, India, and Great Britain were selected: the volume of commercial and industrial loans, interest rate, consumer price index, total liabilities and capital of banks, aggregate deposits, federal funds rate (for the USA), and repo rate (for India). The study examined central bank data of the specified

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22

Păunescu, Cristian, and Nadia Manea. "Agenția Sighet a Băncii Naționale a României în perioada 1921–1950." Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu 30 (March 15, 2024): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/aicsus.30.08.

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Based on our research of archived documents, this paper retraces the history of the Sighet Agency of the National Bank of Romania (NBR) in the period between 1921 and 1950, that is from the time of its establishment to the time of Romania’s first administrative reorganisation during the communist regime. The establishment of the agency was part of the process of expanding the branch and agency network of the National Bank of Romania after the Union of 1918 and can be explained in several ways: the demographic, economic, and banking potential of the town of Sighet within Maramureș county, notwi

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23

Lentner, Csaba. "Outline of the Evolution of the Hungarian Monetary Policy from the Restoration of the Two-level Banking System to the Present Day." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2021.1.9.

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This study outlines the development of Hungary’s monetary policy, and the course and changes in its objectives and instruments since the beginning of the market economy transition in the late 1980s. The author’s basic thesis is that the period since the two-level banking system was reinstated after four decades of a planned economy system, in 1987, can be basically divided into three development phases with significantly different characteristics. The first phase was an ‘attempt to introduce’ an imported monetary mechanism, or perhaps an urge to comply with it, while the second phase was an ap

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Mérő, Katalin. "Macroprudential warnings in the Euro zone and Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 64, no. 4 (2014): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.4.1.

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During the present financial crisis, the focus of the regulation and supervision of financial institutions has shifted from being institution-based (microprudential) towards the systemic level (macroprudential). A special element of the macroprudential regulatory and supervisory toolkit is the issue of macroprudential warnings. Prior to the crisis, both the international and the domestic authorities issued warnings concerning the emergence of system-wide risks in the financial sector. However, these warnings did not result in significant changes in the behaviour of the banks, which were the ma

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Bareith, Tibor, Tibor Tatay, and József Varga. "The Impact of Changes in Financial Supervision on the Profitability of the Hungarian Banking Sector." Economies 10, no. 7 (2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10070176.

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Since 2013, the central bank has been responsible for supervision in Hungary. In addition to the regulatory change, a law was published in the same year that started the process of abolishing the savings co-operative system. This paper investigates the impact of these two significant changes on the profitability of the Hungarian banking sector between 2003 and 2019 using dynamic panel model estimates. The supervisory change has reduced the profitability of credit institutions and tighter supervision has been implemented. The transformation of the savings co-operative system was in fact an inte

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Kiszely, Róbert, József Czimer, and Máté Biró-Lebovits. "How the instant payment central infrastructure can be a payment solution at the same time — the Hungarian example." Journal of Digital Banking 9, no. 3 (2024): 259. https://doi.org/10.69554/mmuy1758.

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Instant payments are among the strongest growing technologies in the payment industry. Current trends and regulations indicate that instant payments will be ubiquitous in the coming years. That provides a solid foundation for a payment method leveraging modern technologies such as internet and smartphones. Instant payments, however, have not yet been used in all possible payment situations. Country-level projects implement the instant payments central infrastructure for interbank processing. All the existing solutions based on these infrastructures focus on a limited set of payment situations,

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Novák, Zsuzsanna, and Nikolett Sereg. "Hungarian forint FX swap spreads during and beyond crisis times." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 1 (2022): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/2.

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Incentivised by a wide range of research discussing mispricing in USD related swap markets, the paper aims at discovering the factors contributing to the deviation of the 3-month FX swap points in the EURHUF and USDHUF market from their CIP based values primarily between the period January 2008 and December 2018 and with an extension to the end of 2021 using daily and monthly Bloomberg quotes. The period examined can be divided into three plus one subperiods as concerns FX swap spreads, largely determined by the effects of the global financial crisis and the volume of FX loans. Apart from the

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Folyovich, András, Tamás Jarecsny, Dorottya Jánoska, et al. "Csokoládéfogyasztás és a magyar Nobel-díjasok." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 1 (2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31264.

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Abstract: Introduction: Certain dietary items contain significant amounts of flavonoids which was shown to improve cognitive function. An earlier investigation demonstrated a strong linear correlation between chocolate consumption and the number of Nobel laureates in a given country. However, Hungary and the Hungarian Nobel laureates were not included in this analysis. Aim: In this publication, we aim to complement these data by analyzing data available for Hungary. Method: The number of Nobel laureates per country and the international data on chocolate consumption were based on the previousl

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Békefi, Z., S. Vaughan, and K. Tobutt. "Determination of incompatibility (S) genotypes of sweet cherries in the Hungarian gene-bank by a PCR-based method." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 58, no. 4 (2010): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.58.2010.4.6.

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The sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) gene-bank collection in Hungary comprises mainly local cultivars. The incompatibility (S) genotypes of 48 accessions from the central region of Hungary were investigated by PCR amplification of the intron regions of the SRNase and SFB genes responsible for compatibility relationships in sweet cherry. The Sgenotypes of 38 accessions were completely determined; they showed various pairs of nine alleles and could be assigned to 15 of the existing incompatibility groups or, in the case of three accessions having the novel genotype S6S13, to the new incompatibilit

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Kandrács, Csaba, and Renato Ritter. "Sustainability Indicators – the Boundaries and Alternatives of GDP." Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 2 (2024): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.23.2.31.

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To quantify economic performance, ‘gross domestic product’ – a measure created in the 1930s – is used worldwide. The indicator is suitable for measuring the performance of an economy and the welfare of individuals at a given point in time, but its capabilities are limited. The well-being of people, the impact of the environmental damage caused by production and the sustainability of economic performance are all issues that fall outside the scope of the metric. Since the 1970s, there has been a debate about the shortcomings of this indicator and its possible alternatives. Joining the dialogue,

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Clericuzio, Peter. "Art Nouveau and Bank Architecture in Nancy: Negotiating the Re-Emergence of a French Regional Identity." Architectural History 63 (2020): 219–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2020.6.

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AbstractArt nouveau design is one of the principal markers of the identity of the French city of Nancy, which became internationally renowned as one of the most important centres for the development of this artistic style around 1900. Like other strands of the style, especially in Spain, Germany and parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire, art nouveau in eastern France has been linked to long-standing regionalist sentiments that resisted centralised Parisian control over local affairs typical in nineteenth-century France. This article examines the evolving bank architecture in central Nancy, a ma

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Bodnár, Ákos Zsolt. "An analysis of the Hungarian unsecured interbank market before and after the COVID-19 pandemic." Economy & finance 8, no. 2 (2021): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2021.2.4.

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In this article, I examine the structure of the Hungarian unsecured interbank forint market and the change of its network in time between 2019 and 2020, the years before and after the pandemic. I introduce the general characteristics of the market, such as turnover and interest rate, as well as the basic network and structural features. It can be established that, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the unsecured interbank turnover has increased by nearly 30%, which is partly attributable to the liquidity-providing measures taken by the central bank. In March, there was a spike in the interest we

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Csereklye, Erzsébet Krisztina. "MONITORING OF LANDSCAPE COMBINATIONS AND CONCOURSES IN THE HUNGARIAN DANUBE‐BEND." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 1 (2010): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.01.

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In Hungarian Danube‐bend the flora of the area is very diversified due to climatic factors. Numerous species of flora characteristic of the area are under protection. The Danube‐bend and vicinity is one of the most well‐known part of Hungary, rich in historical relics and in natural assets. The city of Vác occupies a central place in the Danube‐Bend Region. Among Vác's attributes, we can find rare and invaluable cultural and historical values. The most significant natural attribute is the Grove of Vác near the Danube bank. The example of the Grove of Vác is of country‐wide importance in many a

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Surányi, György. "Ten years after the crisis in Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 68, s2 (2018): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2018.68.s2.6.

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Looking back to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, Hungary was among the first countries to be forced to make use of financial assistance from the EU and the IMF. The government, the MNB (the central bank of Hungary) as well as the domestic and foreign analysts cited the high public debt and the volume of unsecured foreign-currency loans as the main reasons for the crises. Though these were real weaknesses, this diagnosis was false as much as the following treatment. First and foremost, it was the inadequate level of foreign exchange reserves that made Hungary to request outside financi

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Fellner, Zita, and Anna Marosi. "Does the Past Haunt Us No More? How Proximity to Foreign Currency Lending Experience Affects Trust in the Banking System and Financial Literacy." Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.2.37.

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While FX lending is often the focus of analyses on non-performing loans and postcrisis debt relief measures, its effect on debtors’ subsequent behaviour and attitudes has been addressed to a far lesser extent in the research in recent years. In our study, we seek to fill this gap by examining the effect of proximity to foreign currency lending experience on an individual’s trust in the banking system, and financial literacy. For our study, we relied on data from a CATI survey conducted on behalf of the MNB, the central bank of Hungary, in September 2021. The sample of 1,001 respondents represe

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Lentner, Csaba. "A magyar állampénzügyi rendszer rezilienciája a COVID–19 járvány kapcsán." Scientia et Securitas 2, no. 3 (2021): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/112.2021.00054.

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Összefoglaló. A COVID–19 járvány a magyar gazdaság teljesítményeit és pénzügyi egyensúlyát is gyengítette, ám a korábbról stabil államháztartási alapok következtében a negatív hatások csak átmenetinek vélelmezhetők. Magyarország 2010–2019 között egy sikeres állampénzügyi reformot hajtott végre, amely jó alapot ad a válság elleni védekezéshez. Ugyanakkor a járványválság még erősebben ráirányítja a figyelmet a magyar nemzetgazdaság versenyképességének erősebb javítására, az infláció fékezésére, a költségvetési egyensúly megfelelő keretek között tartására, és a kis- és középvállalati szektor mére

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Kosztowniak, Aneta, and Krzysztof Drapala. "Anti-crisis fiscal policy in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis and its consequences." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 50, no. 1 (2025): 5–28. https://doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2025.001.

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The aim of the article is to diagnose the differences in the anti-crisis fiscal policy in 2020-2022 conducted by the governments of Polish, Czech, Hungarian and Slovak during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the energy crisis. The following research questions were asked : What was the fiscal situation of Polish, Czech, Hungarian and Slovak countries after the pandemic and energy crisis at the end of 2024, considering the level and ratio of the deficit and debt of the general government sector to GDP? What fiscal policy measures have the governments of Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Sl

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Kontra, Miklós. "Ups and downs in English language teacher education in Hungary in the last half century." Working Papers in Language Pedagogy 10 (December 1, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61425/wplp.2016.10.1.16.

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This paper will NOT address the catastrophic effects of the government-imposed structural changes to Hungarian teacher education since 1990, nor will it concern itself with the low quality of life our teachers face, or how English linguistic and cultural imperialism is resisted or enhanced by our teacher training programs. Instead, I will demonstrate how our Humboldtian/neohumanist tradition of teacher education dating back to 1872 has dominated English language teacher training even in the last fifty years, and will give a criticism of the snobbery in our academic life which deems educational

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Boros, Brenda, Zoltán Pókász, Ákos Süle, and Dorottya Szabó. "A HR szerepe a felelős foglalkoztatóknál." Köz-gazdaság 16, no. 2 (2021): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2021.02.02.

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A kutatás célja az, hogy a Magyar Nemzeti Bank 2020. novemberi termelékenységi jelentésére és az “Év Felelős Foglalkoztatója” kiadványra alapozva megvizsgálja négy kérdésből álló kérdőíves módszerrel, hogy a vállalatok hogyan tudtak és tudnak alkalmazkodni a közelmúltban történt változásokhoz a humánerőforrás szemszögéből. Ezekből a változásokból kiemelendő a digitalizáció és az innováció növekvő térnyerése, a koronavírus-járvány és az azzal együtt járó kevesebb személyes kontaktus. Emellett a HR-részlegek potenciális kockázati tényezői is a kutatás tárgyát képezik. Először a Magyar Nemzeti Ba

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Lampe, John. "Stabilizing southeastern Europe, financial legacies and European lessons from the first world war." Ekonomski anali 59, no. 203 (2014): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1403007l.

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This paper pays brief attention, although more than the recent flood of 1914 centenary books, to economic causes of the First World War before turning to it fateful economic consequences for Southeastern Europe. The Austrian lack of economic leverage over Serbia is cited as a reason for its resort to the military option. At the war?s end, the option of the victorious powers to provide significant economic relief to the region where the conflict had begun was not taken. After tracking the brief, limited assistance provided, the paper reviews to the massive economic problems confronting four of

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Ptitsyn, Andrei N., Yuriy Yu Grankin, and Viktor P. Ermakov. "The 1895 Hungarian Expedition of Count J. Zichy to the Caucasus and Central Asia." Oriental Studies 17, no. 4 (2024): 720–33. https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-74-4-720-733.

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Introduction. The mid-to-late nineteenth century witnessed increased endeavors aimed at identifying ancestral lands of Hungarians, their initial habitats and migration routes. To facilitate these, over a dozen research expeditions across Eurasia were undertaken. A most prominent of the latter was the one organized by Count J. Zichy to the Caucasus and Central Asia in 1895. Goals. The article attempts a detailed insight into the expedition to pay closer attention to its previously overlooked aspects. So, the study shall duly seek to recognize certain prerequisites and objectives of the campaign

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PENYAK, Pavlo. "ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF SLAVIC ARTEFACTS OF THE UPPER TYSA BASIN." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 27 (2023): 243–69. https://doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2023-27-243-269.

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Artefacts of the Slavic population of the Upper Tysa basin of the second half of the first millenium A.D. are considered. This historic and geographical region comprises Transcarpathian province of Ukraine, Košice and Prešov provinces of Slovakia, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county of Hungary, and Satu Mare and Baia Mare counties of Romania. Slavic antiquities of the area include artefacts of the Prague-Korchak culture (6th–7th centuries A.D.) and early mediaeval Slavic artefacts (8th–9th centuries A.D.) and such division fully reflects the processes of slavicisation of the region. The artefact are

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Filipciuc, Ion. "Serbarea de la Putna și războiul franco-prusac (1870 - 1871)." Analele Bucovinei 58, no. 1 (2022): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.56308/ab.2022.1.17.

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"Between the cultural and religious event dedicated to the Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great, organized by the Romanian students from Vienna, Paris, Liege, Iasi, Berlin, Bucharest and Blaj, which was to take place on Saturday, August 15/27, 1870, at the Putna Monastery (in Bukovina, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire), and the armed confrontation between France and Prussia (which started on Tuesday, July 7/19, 1870 and ended on September 2, 1870, with the surrender of the French army, the deposition and the exile of Napoleon III on Sunday, September 4, 1870) there is no cause-purpose-effect connec

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Hász-Fehér, Katalin. "The “Giant Role Model”: the “Serbian” Petőfi." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 5, no. 1 (2023): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2023-0009.

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Abstract The reception of Sándor Petőfi’s poems and the critical discourse on them in German by bilingual German poets and publicists in Hungary began during the poet’s lifetime and ran parallel to the development of his career. In the same period, however, from the mid-1840s, a very intense interest in his person and his poetry, which was even deeper and more diverse than in German, was awakened in southern Slavic, especially Serbian, literature. This paper explores the possible reasons for his integration in Serbian poetry and public poetry. Among the most important factors is the fact that

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Soós, Anita. "“Den ensomme helt mod magtens og storpolitikkens skamfulde forsømmelser”: Den individuelle projektion af en nations kamp i FN-embedsmand Povl Bang-Jensens minde." Scandinavistica Vilnensis 17, no. 1 (2023): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/scandinavisticavilnensis.2023.3.

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The Hungarian political and social discourse of the last decades often makes use of a national myth based on Hungarian history that focuses on a constant struggle for survival. The myth is built around the concept of the heroic Hungarians, who from time to time fight against a political and / or military preponderance. A narrative characteristic for the countries of East-Central and Eastern Europe has been created, which in its distinction between itself and the other concentrates on self-defence and victimhood, but at the same time emphasizes the nation’s superiority over the others. The imag

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Denda, Dalibor. "The Danube as a Significant Line of Communication and Strategic Barrier for Serbia and Yugoslavia in the First Half of the Twentieth Century." Central-European Studies 14, no. 5 (2022): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2022.5.3.

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In the first half of the twentieth century, the Danube was extremely important to Serbia and Yugoslavia in two ways. Firstly, it served as a communication line that played a significant role in the economy, especially that of the Kingdom of Serbia. Secondly, it served as a strategic barrier in wartime. The Danube's importance became even more evident during the so-called “Customs War”, or “Pig War” with Austria-Hungary between 1906 and 1911, which resulted in Serbia's economic independence. During the First World War, the Danube was not only a natural obstacle on the Austrian front, but also a

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Lentner, Csaba, and Szilard Hegedus. "Local Self-Governments in Hungary: Recent Changes through Central European Lenses." Central European Public Administration Review 17, no. 2 (2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.03.

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This article provides an overview of the regulatory environment of the Hungarian system of local self-government based on the methods of legal dynamics and economic analyses in a historical perspective tracing events back to the aftermath of World War II. The starting point of the analysis is 1947, the launching of soviet type command economy in Hungary. Next is a detailed study of the regulation and evolution of local self-government since its beginnings in the early 1990s following the change of regime, with a brief international outlook on the post-soviet countries surrounding Hungary. In o

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Kovács, Lóránt. "Assessment of the environmental value of the Zichy Castle Park in Voivodeni, Romania – Brief description." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 6, no. 1 (2014): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2014-0013.

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Abstract The Zichy Castle from Vajdaszentiväny (Voievodeni) is located in Mure§ County, central Romania, south-west from the town of Reghin. Its constniction in classical baroque style dates back to the beginning of the X\TH Century. The archaeological findings from the area show that Vajdaszentiväny was already populated in the Copper Age. The findings of gray dishes from the III and IV centuries were considered by Dr. Protase as indigenous Daco-Roman relics. The Roman presence here was demonstrated by residues of the hewn-stone road along the Maros River. After the Roman Age, several other p

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Schneider, David. "Mad for Her Country: Melinda’s Insanity, the Puszta, and Nationalist Dramaturgy in Ferenc Erkel’s Bánk bán Act 3." Studia Musicologica 52, no. 1-4 (2011): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.52.2011.1-4.4.

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Framed by Béla Bartók’s criticism of Ferenc Erkel’s nationally inappropriate style in his polemic “On Hungarian Music,” this article examines, on the one hand, the overlap between the conventions of the bel canto Italian mad scene and the structure of verbunkos in Act 3, scene 1 of Erkel’s Bánk bán, and, on the other, the dramaturgical and national significance of Erkel’s particular mixture of such international and Hungarian traditions. In particular, I consider the seeming incongruence between the typically celebratory mood of the csárdás and its function as the cabaletta of Melinda’s mad sc

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Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Dávid László Tárnoki, Tamás Horváth, Júlia Métneki, and Levente Littvay. "Hungarian twin studies: results of four decades." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 40 (2013): 1579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29707.

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Twin studies play a role in examining the contribution of genetic variations and environmental factors responsible for the determination of phenotypic variables and of genetic linkage between genotypes. Hungarian twin studies, supported by three twin registries (among them two twin-database), date back to 1970s. Studies mainly focused on various congenital abnormalities, the effect of contraceptive pills and folic acid on the frequency of twin pregnancies, as well as psychosexual and alcohol consumptional behaviors. Monogenic Mendelian inheritance of lactose (mal)absorption was demonstrated fo

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