Journal articles: 'Hungarian Proverbs'

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Rosen, Ilana. "The Representation of Jews in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Hungarian Proverb Collections." Hungarian Cultural Studies 10 (September 6, 2017): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2017.280.

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Proverbs are concise formulations of folk wisdom and as such, when seen in masses, they may well express the spirit of their time and place. In Hungarian proverbial lore Jews figure prominently in nineteenth-century proverb collections but fade out of such collections as of the mid-twentieth century. In the nineteenth-century proverb collections Jews are invariably portrayed as faithless, dishonest, greedy, physically weak and unattractive. Largely, this portrayal as well as the dynamics of the earlier presence of Jews versus their later disappearance from Hungarian proverb collections match the shared history of Hungarians and Hungarian Jews since the 1867 Emancipation of the country's Jews and possibly even earlier, through their growing integration in significant arenas of their host society, up to their persecution and annihilation in the Holocaust, and later their decade long forced merging into the general Hungarian society under communism. This article traces the occurrence and disappearance of Jews in Hungarian proverb collections throughout the last two centuries and analyzes the language, content and messages of the proverbs about Jews in these collections.

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МОКИЕНКО, В. М., and Т. Г. НИКИТИНА. "Русско-венгерские паремиологические параллели (в поисках национальной специфики)." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 1 (June 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64108.

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Proverbs and sayings, which have always been considered the favourite genre of folklore and the representatives of the national mentality proper, have recently attracted particular attention of linguists. These are attempts to objectively establish the so-called “paremiological minimum” of different languages, the desire to measure the cognitive potential of the parеmias, and a broad comparative study of the proverbs and sayings of related and unrelated languages as well as a characteristic of the pragmatic capabilities of the latter. The present paper offers a comparative typological analysis of proverbs and sayings in the Russian and Hungarian languages. Despite their different genetic origins, it is in paremiology that there is a fairly large number of parallels of different types. The purpose of the paper is to identify such parallels and their classification by origin. The sources of such parallels are different: above all, longterm interaction with the paremiological systems of German and other European languages, including Slavic. Slavic paremiology, on the one hand, was a “donor” of borrowing in the form of tracing, on the other hand, it itself absorbed many Finno-Ugric paremias. That is why Hungarian paremiology and paremiography are of particular importance for comparative studies. And not only because the Hungarian language has historically absorbed a pan-European (including Slavic) paremiological heritage but also because Hungarian paremiography has long been one of the richest treasures of Hungarian and European small folklore. These collections of Hungarian proverbs and sayings against a broad interlanguage background are one of the most significant paremiological traditions. The rich paremiological collections accumulated by Hungarian researchers provide an opportunity for a detailed comparison of Slavic and Hungarian proverbs and sayings against a common European background and at the same time to trace the traces of direct Slavic-Hungarian contacts. Of particular importance in such a comparative study is the dialectal material, both in Hungarian and Slavic. When comparing the paremias of Russian and Hungarian languages, linguistic details are especially important, allowing to demonstrate the adaptation of the common European heritage to the Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages and to determine the proportion of similarities and differences between the respective paremias. It is not only genetic inertia but also the field of variation of borrowed proverbs and sayings that forms their national specificity. A comparative study shows that the Slavic variant proverb series look more compact and almost unchangeable. The variation of the Hungarian proverbs reveals a much wider amplitude, although it also retains the “classical” version as the main one. Some of them can be considered nationally specific despite the universality and globality of the range of some proverbs. The quota of national specificity for each of the options is different but it is the paremiological details that contain the national colour reflected in the language.

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Zimonyi-Kalinyina, Irina. "Thematic category of meal, cuisine, and hospitality in the Hungarian proverbial lore." Językoznawstwo 14, no. 1(14)/2020 (March 22, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5137.14/2020_08izk.

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This study is aimed on the thematic selection of the Hungarian proverbs dealing with gastronomy and hospitality both in direct and figurative way. As a source for this compilation we used recent and earlier editions of the proverbs’ dictionaries. We searched for proverbs using keywords, and not only. A substantial number of proverbs was identified as belonging to this thematic group. Through the comparative and descriptive approach, we divided all the selected proverbial material into subgroups. A special semantic filter was applied to distinguish the proverbs containing so-called Hungarikum realia. The selection of Hungarian proverbs for this thematic groups was also used in order to contribute to the theory of the common Central-European linguistic area. Keywords: Cuisine, gastronomy, hospitality, Hungarian, Hungarikum, proverbs

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Vargha, Katalin, and Anna T. Litovkina. "Punning in Hungarian anti-proverbs." European Journal of Humour Research 1, no. 3 (September 2013): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2013.1.3.vargha.

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Hrisztova-Gotthardt, Hrisztalina, Melita Aleksa Varga, Anna T. Litovkina, and Katalin Vargha. "The visual representations of a Biblical proverb and its modifications in the Internet space." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 2 (July 18, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.2.hrisztova-gotthardt.

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Proverbs have never been considered sacrosanct; on the contrary, they have frequently been used as satirical, ironic or humorous comments on a given situation. In the last few decades, they have been perverted and parodied so extensively that their variations have been sometimes heard more often than their original forms. Naturally, the most well-known Biblical proverbs are very frequently transformed and modified in various languages. “He who digs a pit for others falls into it himself” is one of such widespread proverbs originating from the Bible. This proverb exists in almost fifty European languages, including Croatian, English, German, Hungarian and Russian. Below, we would like to demonstrate the occurrence and popularity of this proverb, as well as its transformations in the five languages. The major source for this study has been the Internet and some previously constructed Internet corpora. In the course of the present study we are going to focus primarily on the visual representation of the Biblical proverb in question and its (humorous) modifications as well on the interaction between text and image.

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Vargha, Katalin, and Anna Litovkina. "Proverb is as proverb does: A preliminary analysis of a survey on the use of hungarian proverbs and anti-proverbs." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 52, no. 1 (June 2007): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.52.2007.1.5.

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Boronkai, Dóra, and Anna Litovkina. "Appreciation of humor in Hungarian anti-proverbs." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 52, no. 1 (June 2007): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.52.2007.1.4.

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Dzyadyk, Yu I., and I. Csajbok-Twerefou. "Concepts of Labour and Conduct in proverbs: a comparative study." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-1-34-53-69.

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Languages change with time. As a result, new structures appear, and new approaches are developed in them. Language is a link in decoding forms of cognition between the past and the present – and the role of proverbs here is really significant. In every language, proverbs carry the color of the era. They are directly related to folk traditions and help to preserve history, culture, and the mentality of society. Phraseological units such as proverbs differ across cultures, although similar forms can sometimes be found in various sociocultural contexts. Likewise, the system of conduct rules is expected to be different from society to society, since the values of people of each individual national group are determined by their traditions and culture. The present article is based on a comparative analysis of proverbs in the Russian, Ukrainian and Hungarian languages. Proverbs that describe labor principles and rules of conduct in everyday social life were selected from (bilingual) dictionaries and the Internet resources with the aim of identifying the main similarities and differences between Russian, Ukrainian and Hungarian societies. A few proverbs regarding leisure time and friendly relations were also analyzed as linking subtopics to the concepts of labor and conduct. Some proverbs containing an animal-element that are used to describe humans’ behavior also appear in the present work. The study shows that the national and cultural components of proverbs depict physical activity and other realities of communities, but proverbs might have their own national coloring and moral content. In our study, proverbs are viewed as statements that are often rhymed, usually have two parts, and express a complete thought. The present paper is of practical importance as the research results can be applied for theoretical courses in comparative linguistics, especially in courses on the study of proverbs.

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Bárdosi, Vilmos. "The New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian Idioms and Proverbs." Open Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2017-0005.

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Abstract After briefly surveying the research carried out in Hungary on the origin of sayings, proverbs and adages, this paper introduces and exemplifies the way the new Hungarian phraseological etymological dictionary has been compiled. It subsequently presents excerpts from the dictionary that will expound on the origin of 1800 set phrases and statistically analyses the linguistic, cultural-historical, historical, literary, ethnographic and intercultural background of the Hungarian set phrases included in the dictionary.

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10

Mitu, Sorin. "Mutual Images of Romanians and Hungarians in Proverbs Collected in the Nineteenth Century." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2024): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2023.2.03.

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This article analyzes Romanian and Hungarian proverbs collected in the nineteenth century that convey images of the Other. These were published mostly in the masive collections of proverbs, sayings, and riddles edited by András Dugonics, Ede Margalits, and Iuliu Zanne. Proverbs speak first of all about the differences between “us” and “them,” about the negative traits of those around us, by which we identify ourselves and which highlight our superiority and “normality” in relation to dangerous and peculiar strangers around us. Peasants did not reflect on their neighbours in order to outline an objective portrait of them, but to display and reinforce their own cultural features, setting themselves apart from the strangers surrounding them. For this reason, they usually mocked and did not praise the Other. Mockery and ridicule were much more common than positive assessments, regardless of whether the relations between the two communities were good or bad. In this general framework, the popular images of the two peasant communities were agreeable and conveyed a sense of closeness and familiarity rather than a high degree of otherness, as was the case with the imagological relationships maintained with the Gypsies or the Jews. Keywords: Romanians, Hungarians, proverbs, nineteenth century, historical imagology

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11

Lajos, Katalin. "The textological functions of proverbs in the autobiographical writings of Hungarian peasants from Romania." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 57, no. 2 (December 2012): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.57.2012.0002.

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12

Litovkina, Anna, Katalin Vargha, Péter Barta, and Hrisztalina Hrisztova-Gotthardt. "Most frequent types of alteration in Anglo-American, German, French, Russian and Hungarian anti-proverbs." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 52, no. 1 (June 2007): 47–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.52.2007.1.3.

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Hnatyuk, Lidiya. "Frazeolohichni odynytsi z oykonimnym i vidoykonimnym komponentamy yak svidchennya istorychnoyi pamʺyati ukrayintsiv." Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2299-7237suv.8.4.

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The paper’s subject is tracing the historical memory of the Ukrainian people as evidenced in (broadly understood) phraseological items that contain oikonyms as well as adjectives derived from oikonyms, and refl ect the 19th c. Ukrainians’ perception of their history and neighbouring countries, and also their everyday life, local customs and memorable occurrences related to some inhabited places both in Dnieper Ukraine, then belonging to the Russian Empire, and in Western Ukraine, then part of the Austrian (after 1867, Austrian-Hungarian) Empire. Some of the phraseological units discussed in the paper and drawn from M. Nomys’ 1864 collection “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs and the like” are recorded in modern dictionaries, while the others are only found in the 19th - early 20th c. dictionaries. The author attempts to elucidate the origin and meaning of phraseologisms that are incomprehensible for Present-day Ukrainian speakers. In her reconstruction of relevant fragments of the 19th c. Ukrainians’ world picture, she uses the methods of historical-linguistic and linguistic-cultural analysis, also taking into account extralinguistic data.

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14

Farkas, Jenő. "L’écrivain désOrienté ou les aspects de l’estitude (Dumitru Tsepeneag, Nancy Huston, Katalin Molnár)." Dialogues francophones 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/difra-2015-0011.

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Abstract In this article, we aim to study the term Estitude by focusing on books by Dumitru Tsepeneag (The Dustying Word), Katalin Molnár (Lamour Dieu) et Nancy Huston (The Lost North). Coming from three different countries (Romania, Hungary and Canada), these three writers are similar as far as their relation to their new creative language is concerned, in this case French. Making use of the new language first presupposes minimalising the importance of one’s native tongue (Romanian, Hungarian and English), but this minimalisation is inappropriate as it indicates one’s exile. At the same time, adoting the French language may prove to be an opportunity, which allows one to research the origins of writing itself : thus, the exiled writer can profit from lingustic calque, lingustic mistakes, literal translation of proverbs and other expressions of his / her native language, of transcript of orality, etc. Being unable to attach himself/herself to a geographical area, the exiled is condamned to live between two countries (the country of origin and the receiving country), between two languages (the native language and the adopted language) and to suffer from a certain complex of superiority. Having a certain social and political experience, s/he stands out among natives, but s/he always runs the risk of being perceived in the « flagrante delicto of strangeness ».

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Paczolay, Gyula. "Some Interlinguistic Relationships in the First Hungarian Proverb Collection of 1598." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 35 (2007): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2007.35.paczolay.

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16

Paládi-Kovács, Attila. "Néprajz a magyar egyetemeken 1960-ig." Gerundium 10, no. 3-4 (January 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/10.29116/gerundium/2019/3-4/8.

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At the University of Budapest at the end of the 18th century it was Dániel Cornides (1732–1787) who dealt with issues of Hungarian ancient religion, while András Dugonics (1740–1818) paid attention to various aspects of Hungarian folk poetry (tales, idiomatic phrases, proverbs) and folk customs in his lectures. Descriptive statistics, reports of the state of affairs in various regions and ethnic groups within the country documented the ethnographic character of these areas and groups in the first half of the 19th century. In the second half of the century professors of Hungarian literature and language investigated and discussed these topics with a comparative European perspective at universities. Ethnographic and folklore-related knowledge was disseminated by excellent professors of classical philology and oriental studies. Professors of geography (János Hunfalvy, Lajos Lóczy) played a crucial role in providing information about faraway peoples and continents at the University of Budapest. The first associate professor (Privatdozent) in ethnography was Antal Herrmann at the University of Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca, now Romania) in 1898. He delivered his lectures until 1918 in Kolozsvár, and between 1921 and 1926 in Szeged where the University of Cluj was relocated to. The first university department for ethnographic and folklore studies was established at the University of Szeged, where Sándor Solymossy, a scholar of comparative folkloristics, became professor. At the University of Budapest the first department for ethnography and folklore studies was founded for professor István Györffy, who primarily studied material culture and the people of the Great Hungarian Plain. His successors were Károly Viski (1942), then folklorist Gyula Ortutay (1946). In 1951 at the University of Budapest another department came into being for István Tálasi who was a scholar of material culture studies and historical ethnography. The head of the ethnography and folklore department of the Hungarian University of Kolozsvár (Klausenburg, Cluj) was Károly Viski in 1940–1941, and Béla Gunda between 1943 and 1948. At the University of Debrecen established in 1912 a number of associate professors held ethnographic and folklore lectures between 1925 and 1949 (István Ecsedi, Károly Bartha N., Tibor Mendöl, Gábor Lükő), but an autonomous department was established only in 1949, led by Béla Gunda until 1979. At the University of Szeged Sándor Bálint was appointed professor of ethnography and folklore studies in 1949, but only after 1990 became it possible to provide M. A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics. M.A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics have been provided at the University of Budapest since 1950, while at the University of Debrecen since 1959.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hungarian Proverbs'

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