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Journal articles on the topic 'Hungary'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Kim, Jiyoung. "German Attitude and intervention to Hungarian Revisionism 1920-1941." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 85 (February 28, 2023): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.85.335.

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During World War II, Germany understood in Hungary's territorial revisionism. The decisive reason why Germany supported Hungary in territorial negotiations between Hungary and Romania was that Hitler wanted stability in the Balkans in order to lead World War II to victory. This is because Germany absolutely needed a stable supply of oil produced in Romania's oil fields. Germany was aware of the situation in which Hungary was ready to go to war with Romania if Hungary's claim to the Transylvanian territorial issue was not accepted, so it subdued Romania and interceded for Romania to comply with

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2

Serwin, Kazimierz. "Percepcja traktatu triańskiego/trianońskiego w węgierskiej kulturze." Wschodnioznawstwo 14 (2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20827695wsc.20.003.13331.

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Perception of the Treaty of Trianon in Hungarian culture The „Trianon” is perhaps the most famous historical term in Hungary. 100 years ago, on June 4, 1920, restrictive peace conditions were imposed on Hungary at the Grand Trianon Palace in Versailles. Apart of the loss of territory, 3,5 million Hungarians remained abroad. In Hungarian historical awareness, the Treaty of Trianon is a symbol of catastrophe and national humiliation. The change of „Greater Hungary” into „small” Hungary. To this day, the effects of the treaty have had an impact on Hungary’s politics, economy and culture.

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3

Wang, Xiwen. "Is China's rising presence in Hungary since 2012 impacting on Hungary's relations with the EU?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies 15, no. 1 (2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss1.17365.

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Hungary has been an active participant in China’s 16+1 initiative which is a cooperation scheme launched by Beijing in 2012 to facilitate comprehensive cooperation between China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries. The relationships between China and Hungary have improved greatly since then and China’s political and economic presence in the country is increasingly visible. Apart from the Budapest-Belgrade railway, the recent high-profile Chinese investment in Hungary includes a vaccine plant and Fudan University branch campus in Budapest. Since their bilateral relations have deepened

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4

Török, László. "Digital Transformation of Hungary’s Economy between 2015 and 2021: Results and Future Objectives." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (2024): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114684.

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Hungary is a member of the European Union (E.U.), so more than three-quarters of its trade relations are with the E.U. Hungary’s strategic objective is to be among the top-ten E.U. member states in digitalization by 2030. This study aims to examine the country’s digitization development and planned digitization programs and, based on these, to predict Hungary’s expected digitization status. This study also attempts to answer whether Hungary is among the ten most digitally developed E.U. member states. We use the K-means clustering method to assess the current state of digitization and differen

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5

Pető, Andrea. "“Hungary 70”: Non-remembering the Holocaust in Hungary." Culture & History Digital Journal 3, no. 2 (2014): e016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2014.016.

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6

Juhász, Krisztina. "Evaluating Hungary’s Participation in the European Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy." Polish Political Science Review 9, no. 1 (2021): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2021-0004.

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Abstract Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 but started to participate in EU crisis management operations well before. Since the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) was a new policy area at that time, it was an extraordinary experience for Hungary to be integrated into a policy still under development. Aft er briefly detailing the foreign and security policy options Hungary faced right after the transition from communism, this paper analyses Hungary’s contribution to the CSDP. The CSDP is based on two pillars — one operational and the other related to capability-building. The pape

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7

Pranawa, Bagus Rahmadia, Reni Windiani, and Fendy Eko Wahyudi. "KEBANGKITAN KEKUATAN NORMATIF TIONGKOK DI EROPA: STUDI KASUS PENGARUH TIONGKOK TERHADAP HUNGARIA DALAM UNI EROPA PASCA INISIASI 16 + 1." Journal of International Relations Diponegoro 9, no. 2 (2023): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jirud.v9i2.37944.

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Hungary, under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, through various policies, has occupied a unique position as a disruptive actor in the European Union. The EU considers that Hungary is no longer in line with EU values and has created complicated conditions for the EU. One form of Hungarian policy that has had a disruptive impact on the EU is Hungary's political support for China within the EU, even though China is considered a rival of the EU and has differing values than the EU. This research aims to explain why Hungary decided to support China. In this study, the authors use the concept of normati

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8

Nagy, Csongor István. "Case C-66/18." American Journal of International Law 115, no. 4 (2021): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2021.45.

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On October 6, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down its judgment in Commission v. Hungary. It found that Hungary had violated the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), as well as internal European Union law—specifically the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter). The case arose out of Hungary's 2017 amendment to its higher education law. The amendment imposed two novel requirements on foreign universities operating in Hungary. It barred any non-EU university from operating unless its country of origin concluded a specific enabling treaty with Hunga

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9

Kryuchkov, Igor. "Relationships of Hungary with the states of the Visegrád Group (2014–2021)." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.07.

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The article examines main directions of the development of cooperation between Hungary and the states of the Visegrád Group from 2014 to 2021. On one hand, Hungary builds its relations with Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in the context of the decisions taken within the framework of the Visegrád Group, on other hand, through bilateral cooperation. The author notes that Hungary is confident in its ability to defend its interests more effectively in the EU and beyond, using the format of the Visegrád Group. V. Orban’s government seeks to maximize the expansion of political and economic c

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10

Oros, Paulina. "Hungary – Constitutional Renaissance in Hungary." European Public Law 3, Issue 1 (1997): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1997002.

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11

Oros, Paulina. "Hungary – Public Law in Hungary." European Public Law 1, Issue 1 (1995): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1995008.

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12

Perga, T. "Hungary Relations with Neighboring Countries in the XX – early XXI Century." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-3.

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The article focuses on Hungary’s relations with Slovakia and Ukraine. It is concluded that the foreign policy of Hungary is radicalized at the beginning of the XXI century, which is manifested in the growing pressure on neighboring countries, in particular Ukraine, in order to provide autonomy to members of the Hungarian ethnic minority. It was found that this policy implements the idea of “Greater Hungary”, which must ensure the dominance of the unification and re-assimilation processes and the integration of the Hungarian nation in Eastern Europe around Budapest. It is proved that the precon

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13

Bahri, Mohammad Thoriq. "Hungary and Refugee: From Historical to Legal Development." DANUBE 15, no. 1 (2024): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2024-0003.

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Abstract In 2015 refugee crisis, Hungary’s strict border controls and legal reforms drew international criticism, straining EU relations. This article employs the qualitative legal historical methodology to investigate the historical dynamics underpinning Hungary’s shifting refugee policies. The analysis uncovers a significant shift in Hungary’s approach to refugees. Following World War I, the Trianon agreement, which led to territorial loss and population displacement, posed migration challenges that Hungary addressed on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, after 1989, Hungary aligned its legal

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14

Székács, András, Péter Roszík, Katalin Balázs, László Podmaniczky, and Apolka Ujj. "Agroecological initiatives in Hungary and their Central European aspects." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 47, no. 3 (2020): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2266.

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Agroecology initiatives were first implemented within Central and Eastern Europe in Hungary in the 1980s in response to the environmental and ecological problems of intensive, agrochemical-based agricultural technology. The agroecology sector has grown substantially ever since and is currently facing its second boom, yet Hungary’s level of organic farming remains substantially below the average level in the European Union (EU) and in the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). This review summarizes early and recent agroecology developments in Hungary in th

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15

Bódi, Ferenc, and Ralitsa Savova. "Sociocultural Change in Hungary." International Journal of Social Quality 10, no. 2 (2020): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2020.100205.

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Although Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, it seems that it has not yet been able to catch up with its Western European neighbors socioeconomically. The reasons for this are numerous, including the fact that this former historical region (Kingdom of Hungary), today the sovereign state of Hungary, has a specific sociocultural image and attitude formed by various historical events. And the nature of these events can explain why Hungary’s economic development and overarching political narrative differ so markedly from Western Europe. The aim of this article is to present the unique locat

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16

Marpaung, Ayu Yosefina, and Hafiza Adeylie Chantika Arthadeswa. "Ketergantungan Energi Dan Posisi Politik Hungaria Dalam Penolakan Sanksi Uni Eropa Terhadap Rusia." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar 3, no. 2 (2025): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.47354/jihif.v3i2.1026.

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The European Union has imposed a series of sanctions on Russia in response to various actions deemed to violate international law and threaten regional stability. However, amid the EU's efforts to maintain unity in facing Russian aggression, Hungary has taken a different stance. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, Hungary has consistently opposed several EU sanctions against Russia and maintained economic and energy relations with Moscow. This stance not only creates tensions within the EU but also sparks criticism regarding Hungary's commitment to European solidarity. The aim

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17

Drinóczi, Tímea. "Hungarian Constitutional Court: The Limits of EU Law in the Hungarian Legal System." ICL Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2017-0010.

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Abstract The Constitutional Court declared in its ruling 22/2016 (XII 5) that by exercising its competences, it can examine whether the joint exercise of competences under Article E) (2) of the Fundamental Law of Hungary infringes human dignity, other fundamental rights, the sovereignty of Hungary, or Hungary’s self-identity based on its historical constitution.

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18

Nigmanov, T. A., and R. M. Tashtemkhanova. "Euroscepticism in Hungary: perspectives, current state, and features." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 145, no. 4 (2023): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-145-4-146-153.

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The exit of the UK from the European Union, as well as the constant conflicts of Poland and Hungary with European officials, cast doubt on the existence of the EU and provoke fears about its future. The case of Hungary attracts particular attention. Official Budapest has publicly renounced democratic values. In response, Brussels threatened to withhold payments from the EU budget, and in September 2022, the European Parliament declared Hungary an electoral autocracy. All these events raise the following questions. Why did Hungary, long striving for a democratic system, abandon it? What is the

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19

Ulunyan, A. A. "The Balkans in academic discourse and foreign policy practice of today’s Hungary." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.06.

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The article examines the role and place of the Balkans in the academic discourse and foreign policy practice of today’s Hungary in the context of the existing approaches to the Balkan problematics in the Hungarian historical tradition. The author draws attention to the fact that the modern academic view of the Balkans in Hungary has certain features, expressed in the attempts to determine the structure of the Balkan space from the standpoint of political and historical geography. Therefore, representatives of the Hungarian academic and expert-analytical community are studying the Western Balka

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20

Levine, Zachary Paul. "Concealed in the Open: Recipients of International Clandestine Jewish Aid in Early 1950s Hungary." Hungarian Cultural Studies 5 (January 1, 2012): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2012.67.

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This article discusses the emergence of the semi-clandestine efforts of a network of international Jewish philanthropies and the Israeli government to send material and financial aid to Jews in early-communist Hungary. Post Second World War Hungary was a special focus for Jewish aid organizations in the west and the Israeli government. They poured resources into Hungary, both to feed, cloth and provide medical care to hundreds of thousands of Jews, and to assist thousands of Jews migrating west through Hungary. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the dominant Jewish aid organizat

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21

Herczeg, Adrienn, Ildikó Dékán Tamásné Orbán, Patrícia Becsky-Nagy, and Veronika Fenyves. "Specialities of the corporate tax in connection with the sports organizations." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 1-2 (2015): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/1-2/3.

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In 2004 Hungary joined the EU, therefore its tax system is harmonized with EU directives and its trade with the EU is liberalized and exempt from customs restrictions. In the past few years Hungarian government introduced significant corporate tax advances in order to increase Hungary’s competitiveness for foreign capital. With the flat 10% corporate tax rate, Hungary has one of the the lowest corporate income tax rate in the European Union. Since 2011 new corporate tax incentive was adopted in order to create a tax advantageous economic environment for supporting the five most popular team sp

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22

Kim, Ji Young. "Territorial Recovery of Hungary through the 2nd Vienna Award: 1940. 8. 30." East European and Balkan Institute 46, no. 4 (2022): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.91.

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In the Second World War, Hungary was an ally of Germany, joining the Axis powers in August 1940 under the Second Vienna Award. Joachim von Ribbentrop, Germany’s Foreign Minister, and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano met with Hungarian and Romanian representatives in the Belvedere Palace in Vienna. There they began negotiations on Hungary recovering the territory of Transylvania that it had ceded to Romania as a consequence of World War One. The confrontation between Hungary and Romania meant that Hungary’s demands were not accepted. As a result of Ribbentrop and Ciano’s mediation, the t

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23

&NA;. "Hungary." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine 21, no. 1 (2007): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200721010-00011.

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24

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 39, no. 1 (2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-03901014.

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International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 39, no. 1 (2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-03901008.

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26

Sipos, Alexandra. "Hungary." East European Yearbook on Human Rights 2, no. 1 (2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/eeyhr/258977642019002001010.

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27

Deak, Istvan. "Hungary." American Historical Review 97, no. 4 (1992): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165492.

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28

Berend, Ivan T. "Hungary." Current History 91, no. 568 (1992): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1992.91.568.381.

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29

Volgyes, Ivan. "Hungary." Current History 84, no. 505 (1985): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1985.84.505.365.

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30

Volgyes, Ivan. "Hungary." Current History 88, no. 541 (1989): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1989.88.541.381.

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31

Lehoczky, Csilla Kollonay. "Hungary." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 2, Issue 2 (1986): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl1986009.

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32

Karger, Adolf. "Hungary." Philosophy and History 21, no. 2 (1988): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist1988212117.

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33

International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 20, no. 1 (1999): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160200x00303.

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International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 22, no. 1 (2001): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160202x00374.

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35

International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 22, no. 1 (2001): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160202x00437.

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36

International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 22, no. 1 (2001): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160202x00455.

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37

International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 22, no. 1 (2001): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160202x00482.

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38

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 21, no. 1 (2000): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-02101020.

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39

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 21, no. 1 (2000): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-02101025.

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40

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 21, no. 1 (2000): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-02101035.

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41

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 38, no. 1 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-03801006.

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42

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "Hungary." International Labour Law Reports Online 37, no. 1 (2018): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028_03701026.

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43

International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 19, no. 1 (1998): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160299x00224.

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International Labour Law Reports, Editors. "HUNGARY." International Labour Law Reports Online 19, no. 1 (1998): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160299x00413.

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45

Várnagy, Réka. "Hungary." European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook 51, no. 1 (2012): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-8852.2012.00014.x.

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46

Katz, Alfred H. "Hungary." Journal of Progressive Human Services 2, no. 2 (1991): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v02n02_09.

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47

Marék, Veronika. "Hungary." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 57, no. 4 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2019.0082.

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48

Takács, Mari. "Hungary." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 57, no. 4 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2019.0108.

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Várnagy, Réka. "Hungary." European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook 52, no. 1 (2013): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12013.

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Várnagy, Réka. "Hungary." European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook 53, no. 1 (2014): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12051.

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