Journal articles: 'Hunza (Pakistan)'

1

Allan, Nigel J. R. "Household Food Supply in Hunza Valley, Pakistan." Geographical Review 80, no. 4 (October 1990): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215849.

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Harding, R. R., and F. Wall. "Blue spinel from the Hunza valley, Pakistan." Journal of Gemmology 20, no. 7 (1987): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.1987.20.7.403.

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Muhammad, Faqeer, Rehmat Karim, Abdullah Salman, Attaullah Shah, Javed Akhtar Qureshi, and Memoona Nilofer. "Impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor on Local Economy and Tourism Development: Case of Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 4 (March 11, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss4.2020.509.

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This study is aimed to analyze the role of tourism in affecting the local economy of Hunza. The Structural Equation Modeling was applied for knowing the local people perception about CPEC projects and their effect on tourism economy development. In addition, descriptive statistics tools using STAT 12 have been used for the data analysis and prior to analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to check reliability of various items of the questionnaire. The data werecollected from students, retailers, hotel owners, tour operators and travel agents. Results reveal that according to the respondents, CPEC is a game changer for the economy. In addition, there is significant effect of CPEC projects on the tourism development in Hunza. Results of the study also revealed that CPEC projects have negative effect on environment and local culture.

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Karim, D., I. Karim, S. Daveel, and A. Khan. "DAMMING HUNZA RIVER BY MASSIVE ATTABAD LANDSLIDE, STORY OF A RISK MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE FROM HUNZA, PAKISTAN." Journal of Mountain Area Research 5 (December 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53874/jmar.v5i0.76.

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The mountainous region of northern Pakistan is seismically active as Indian plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian plate. Various geological phenomena are active due to the mountain building and landslides are one of the most destructive natural disasters in the Karakoram range. The northern part of Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, falling in this region is no exception to that. Attabad was a remote village situated on the right bank of Hunza River at a ground distance of almost 125 km from Gilgit city. The area falls into Darkut-Karakoram metamorphic complex composed of granites, granodiorite, and gneiss. A devastating landslide occurred on 4th January 2010, as mode of circular failure which blocked the Hunza River forming a lake behind. The debris material hit the opposite rock cliff, due to narrow gorge the landslide mass travelled downstream 1.5km with huge debris surges, hitting 8 houses in lower Attabad which came under rubble and 19 people died. Aga Khan Agency for Habitat previously FOCUS Pakistan developed an inventory of active landslides across the KKH in Hunza in 2000-2001, however this landslide was not identified. Later in 2002 after the Astore earthquake initial cracks developed at the top of the slope. The 8th October Kashmir earthquake destabilized and U-shaped demarcation appeared across the slope. Anthropogenic activities like irrigation of lands, seepage of water from rain and snow melt water further destabilized the land. Finally, an earthquake in November 2009 in Hindukush region triggered the landslide and brittle failure occurred on 4th January 2010.

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Harlech-Jones, Brian, Shamshad Sajid, and Shams ur-Rahman. "The spread of English in two parts of the Northern Area of Pakistan, 1980–2002." English World-Wide 24, no. 2 (December 5, 2003): 163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.2.03har.

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This article investigates the widespread conviction that during the period on which the study is based, 1980 to 2002, English spread faster and much more widely in Hunza than in Chilas, two political sub-districts of the Northern Area of Pakistan that have many similarities. In the absence of data, it was decided to study the expansion of formal education during the period 1980–2002, cross-referenced against the changing language content of curricula. Based on the data, a number of propositions were formulated for each area. Finally, the propositions were checked by means of a survey. The conclusion is that the proposition is correct. In Hunza there is convincing evidence of more widespread use of, and more favourable attitudes towards, English. The main reason for the differences between Chilas and Hunza seems to be the different expressions of Islam that pertain in each area.

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Ali Khan, M., F. Maghuly, E. G. Borroto-Fernandez, A. Pedryc, H. Katinger, and M. Laimer. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Northern Pakistan using Simple Sequence Repeats." Silvae Genetica 57, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2008): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2008-0024.

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Abstract A collection of 44 P. armeniaca accessions and three related species, from diverse geographic areas, covering the entire Northern hemisphere with emphasis on Pakistani apricots, was screened with 10 SSR primer pairs developed in apricot, to characterize the cultivars and establish their genetic relationship. Given the fact that the Central Asian region is considered a center of origin of apricot, particular attention was devoted to accessions from the Hunza region of Pakistan. The primers correctly amplified a repeatable polymorphic pattern, which unequivocally distinguished all genotypes under study. Altogether 123 alleles were identified with an average of 12.30 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity for individual loci ranged from 0.28 to 0.77 with an average of 0.64. A neighbour joining method identified four groups from: (A) Central Asia, (B) Irano-Caucasia, (C) Continental Europe and (D) North America. The dendrogram confirms the historic dissemination pathways of apricot from its centre of origin in Asia to the West. Apricot cultivars from the Hunza region (Northern Pakistan) revealed a high variability, as genetic diversity is still conserved due to the traditional practice of planting seeds from the best trees.

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YAGI, Hiroshi, Hideaki MARUI, Allahbuksh KAUSAR, and Shablis SHERWALI. "Landslide damming at Atta Abad, Hunza, Pakistan in 2010." Journal of the Japan Landslide Society 47, no. 6 (2010): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3313/jls.47.335.

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Zanchi, Andrea, and Damiano Gritti. "Multistage structural evolution of Northern Karakorum (Hunza region, Pakistan)." Tectonophysics 260, no. 1-3 (July 1996): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(96)00081-9.

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Bano, Tehzeeb, Umer Khayyam, and Arif Alam. "Livelihood Expansion and Local People’s Expectations in the Realm of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p543.

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Economic Corridors around the world has been creating livelihood opportunities for people thus stimulating economic growth and development. This study has explored the opportunities for livelihood expansion which exists in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for the people of Gilgit Baltistan (GB), as the region lacks many vital livelihood opportunities. CPEC is considered as a fate changer, specifically for the people of Hunza valley, which provides the pathway to CPEC emanating from China to the rest of Pakistan. The economic growth process in the region is now been linked with the expansion of livelihood opportunities to benefit the local poor. This study has deployed quantitative research technique and used purposive sampling technique for field survey. Results show that a major bulk – 60% of the local respondents, 70% members of GBLA and 80% of the members of Chamber of Commerce in Hunza (Gilgit Baltistan) are hopeful that CPEC will create employment opportunities for local community. Due to high potential of GB in tourism sector, a high number of respondents (53%) expected that tourism sector will develop through CPEC while 28% of the local people and the members of Chamber of Commerce expected that industrial sector will get boost through CPEC, 19% of the respondents were having opinion that agriculture sector will develop through this mega project creating employment opportunities for the local youth in their native area. Keywords: CPEC, Gilgit Baltistan, employment opportunities, tourism, small industries.

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Mazhar, Nausheen, Dania Amjad, Kanwal Javid, Rumana Siddiqui, Muhammad Ameer Nawaz, and Zaynah Sohail Butt. "Mapping Fluctuations of Hispar Glacier, Karakoram, using Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and Normalized Difference Principal Component Snow Index (NDSPCSI)." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 4 (March 11, 2021): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss4.2020.516.

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Investigation of the fluctuations in the snow-covered area of the major glaciers of the Karakoram range is essential for proper water resource management in Pakistan, since its glaciers are responding differently to the rising temperatures. The objective of this paper is to map snow covered area of Hispar glacier in Hunza river basin for the years 1990, 2010 and 2018. Two techniques, (NDPCSI) Normalized Difference Principal Component Snow Index and (NDSI) Normalized Difference Snow Index were used. Hispar glacier of the Hunza basin has lost 114 km2 of its ice cover area, during the last 28 years, with an alarming annual retreat rate of 1.67 km2 of glacier ice from 1990 to 2018. Hunza basin experienced a +1°C rise in both mean minimum and mean maximum temperature during 2007 to 2018.as a result, Karakorum ice reserves have been affected by rising temperature of the region. Due to temperature rise, retreat of snowcovered area of Hispar, Karakoram mountain range shows a shift in the cryospheric hazard zone.

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Eberhardt, Einar, W. Bernhard Dickor��, and Georg Miehe. "Vegetation map of the Batura Valley (Hunza Karakorum, North Pakistan)." Erdkunde 61, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2007.01.06.

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Flowerday, J. "Framing change: Hunza (Pakistan) in treble vision - 1930s and 1990s." Visual Communication 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2005): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357205055921.

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., Naveeda, Raiha Aftab, and Halis Sakis. "Battling with Depressive Feelings and Suicidal Ideation: Role of Friendships and Effective Coping in Young Individuals From Hunza Valley, Pakistan." 2021, VOL. 36, NO. 2 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2021.36.2.16.

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The present study aimed at examining the association between psychological distress, coping strategies, friendship (satisfaction and affection), and suicidal ideation among young individuals of Hunza Valley, Pakistan. The sample of the present study consisted of 117 boys and 278 girls (N = 395). The purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants from different schools and colleges of Hunza valley, Pakistan. The measures of the study included Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Brief Cope (Carver, 1997), McGill Friendship Questionnaire-Respondent's Affection (Mendelson & Aboud, 2012), and Suicide Ideation Scale (Rudd, 1989). Analysis was carried out using, t-test analysis, regression analysis, and correlation techniques. The findings of the study indicated significant positive relationships between psychological distress (indicated by the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation), avoidant coping, humor, and suicide ideation. The findings further indicated that female adolescents scored higher on psychological distress and friendship satisfaction whereas males scored higher on friendship affection. Multiple regression analysis showed predictive nature of age, avoidance coping, friendship satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in depressive symptoms among adolescents.

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Baig, S. S., C. Xue, Masroor Alam, Naeem Ullah, M. Alam, and S. A. Hussain. "EVOLUTION OF KARAKORAM SEQUENCE, HUNZA VALLEY NE PAKISTAN: EVIDENCES FROM FIELD MAPPING AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL WORK." Journal of Mountain Area Research 5 (December 29, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53874/jmar.v5i0.66.

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The Karakoram metamorphic Complex (KMC) in the southern Karakoram block is one of the best examples of Barrovian type metamorphism that comprises numerous exhumed metapelite units where a series of low to high grade (green schist to sillimanite facie) rocks are exposed. This sequence shows a complex polyphase history of metamorphism and deformation which offer deeper understanding of collision orogeny. Karakoram metamorphic Complex contains metapelites, meta-carbonates, meta-igneous and amphibolite layers, cross-cut by granite sheets in the northern part. This complex is bounded to the north by the Hunza plutonic unit which is the central portion of the massive east-west trending Karakoram axial batholith and to the southwest by the Main Karakoram thrust (MKT). In this contribution, we provide detail geological mapping, petrography, geochemistry and micro-analytical work using Electron Prob-micro analysis in the central Hunza Valley.

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15

Ashraf, Arshad, and Ghani Akbar. "Addressing Climate Change Risks Influencing Cryosphere-Fed Kuhl Irrigation System in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan." International Journal of Environment 9, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32700.

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Cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system forms a major lifeline for agriculture and livelihood development in the Himalayan region. The system is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts like glacier retreat, glacial lake outburst floods, snow avalanches and landslides especially in the upper Indus Basin (UIB). It is necessary to conduct reassessment of climate change impacts and find coping strategies for sustainable agriculture development in this mountainous region. In the present study, risks of glacier depletion , lakes outburst flood, snow avalanche and landslide hazards impacting cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system in 10 river basins of the UIB of Pakistan were analyzed using multi-hazard indexing approach. High risk of glacier depletion was observed in the Astore and Swat river basins likely because of the combined effect of reduced snow precipitation and rising warm temperatures in these basins. The risk of expansion in aggregate lake area was high in the Indus sub-basin, moderate in the five basins (i.e., Hunza, Shigar, Shyok, Shingo and Astore), while it was low in the four basins (i.e., Swat, Chitral, Gilgit and Jhelum). More than 2% areas of Hunza and Shigar basins in the Karakoram range exhibited high risk of snow avalanche and landslide (SAL) hazard, while moderate SAL hazard was found in >40% areas of Chitral, Gilgit, Hunza and Shigar river basins. An effective early warning mechanism and provision of adequate resources for preparedness are essential to cope with negative impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in this region in future.

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ur Rehman, Qasim, Waqas Ahmed, Muhammad Waseem, Sarfraz Khan, Asam Farid, and Syed Husnain Ali Shah. "GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A POTENTIAL LANDSLIDE AREA IN MAYOON, HUNZA DISTRICT, GILGIT-BALTISTAN, PAKISTAN." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 3 (2021): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.3.9.

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The Mayoon landslide in the Hunza District is a slowly developed, non-catastrophic landslide that has gained its importance in the last few years after its rapid activation and fast slip rate. The area is characterized by high earthquake hazards (zone 3 with a peak ground acceleration value of 2.4–3.2 m/s2) by the Building Code of Pakistan due to frequent earth quakes. The past high earthquake activity in the area has displaced the foliated rocks towards the south and is responsible for opening the bedrock joints. The head and body of the landslide are covered by unconsolidated material and have fractures of varying lengths and widths. The non-invasive geophysical techniques, including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Soundings (ERS), are deployed to evaluate the Mayoon landslide subsurface. The subsurface is interpreted into a two-layer model. Bright reflectors and highly variable resistivity characterize the top layer (Layer-1). This layer is associated with a loose, highly heterogeneous, fragmented material deposited under glacial settings over the existing bedrock. Hyperbolic reflections and intermediate resistivity characterize the bottom layer (Layer-2). This layer is associated with foliated metamorphic bedrock. The hyperbolic reflections show faults/fractures within the bedrock. The extension of these fractures/faults with depth is uncertain due to decay in the GPR signal with depth. The intermediate resistivity shows the bedrock is weathered and foliated. Reflections within Layer-1 have disrupted directly above the fractures/faults suggesting a possible movement. A bright reflection between the two layers highlights the presence of the debonded surface. Loose material within Layer-1 coupled with debonding possesses a significant hazard to generate a landslide under unfavourable conditions, such as an intense rainstorm or earthquake activity.

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Hayat, Huma, Tahir Ali Akbar, Adnan Ahmad Tahir, Quazi K. Hassan, Ashraf Dewan, and Muhammad Irshad. "Simulating Current and Future River-Flows in the Karakoram and Himalayan Regions of Pakistan Using Snowmelt-Runoff Model and RCP Scenarios." Water 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040761.

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Upper Indus Basin (UIB) supplies more than 70% flow to the downstream agricultural areas during summer due to the melting of snow and glacial ice. The estimation of the stream flow under future climatic projections is a pre-requisite to manage water resources properly. This study focused on the simulation of snowmelt-runoff using Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) under the current and future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) climate scenarios in the two main tributaries of the UIB namely the Astore and the Hunza River basins. Remote sensing data from Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) along with in-situ hydro-climatic data was used as input to the SRM. Basin-wide and zone-wise approaches were used in the SRM. For the zone-wise approach, basin areas were sliced into five elevation zones and the mean temperature for the zones with no weather stations was estimated using a lapse rate value of −0.48 °C to −0.76 °C/100 m in both studied basins. Zonal snow cover was estimated for each zone by reclassifying the MODIS snow maps according to the zonal boundaries. SRM was calibrated over 2000–2001 and validated over the 2002–2004 data period. The results implied that the SRM simulated the river flow efficiently with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient of 0.90 (0.86) and 0.86 (0.86) for the basin-wide (zone-wise) approach in the Astore and Hunza River Basins, respectively, over the entire simulation period. Mean annual discharge was projected to increase by 11–58% and 14–90% in the Astore and Hunza River Basins, respectively, under all the RCP mid- and late-21st-century scenarios. Mean summer discharge was projected to increase between 10–60% under all the RCP scenarios of mid- and late-21st century in the Astore and Hunza basins. This study suggests that the water resources of Pakistan should be managed properly to lessen the damage to human lives, agriculture, and economy posed by expected future floods as indicated by the climatic projections.

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Butz, David. "Legitimating Porter Regulation in an Indigenous Mountain Community in Northern Pakistan." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13, no. 4 (August 1995): 381–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d130381.

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Portering—carrying loads for pay—is an important source of cash income in the high mountain community of Shimshal, northern Pakistan. In this paper recent changes in the regulation of portering opportunities in Shimshal are interpreted as a tentative outcome of ongoing struggles among villagers over the ideological power of two integrated and competing conceptualisations, or discourses, of political legitimacy. These contemporary ideological discourses trace to historical conflicts between commoners and royalty in the feudal kingdom of Hunza, of which Shimshal was an outlying settlement. Specifically, an ‘authoritative’ position in Shimshal perpetuates a tradition of elite privilege developed by the kings of Hunza to justify their penetration of community-level political, social, and economic life. A ‘discursive’ position draws from an alternative tradition of equity and solidarity which originated in the consensual clan (and later, community) assemblies of commoners, and which was used historically to resist the infiltration of royal prerogative into everyday life. An account of recent struggles between advocates of these positions over portering regulation in Shimshal is developed from ethnographic material collected in 1988 and 1989. Aspects of Habermas's theory of communicative action are utilised selectively to interpret the implications of those struggles for political legitimacy in Shimshal. It seems that Shimshal is experiencing a tenuous shift away from authoritative forms of legitimacy toward more discursive ones, although a strongly Habermasian conceptualisation of discursivity is unwarranted.

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Muneeb, Fakhra, Siddique Ullah Baig, Junaid Aziz Khan, and Muhammad Fahim Khokhar. "Inventory and GLOF Susceptibility of Glacial Lakes in Hunza River Basin, Western Karakorum." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091794.

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Northern latitudes of Pakistan are warming at faster rate as compared to the rest of the country. It has induced irregular and sudden glacier fluctuations leading to the progression of glacial lakes, and thus enhancing the risk of Glacier Lake Outbursts Floods (GLOF) in the mountain systems of Pakistan. Lack of up-to-date inventory, classification, and susceptibility profiles of glacier lakes and newly formed GLOFs, are few factors which pose huge hindrance towards disaster preparedness and risk reduction strategies in Pakistan. This study aims to bridge the existing gap in data and knowledge by exploiting satellite observations, and efforts are made to compile and update glacier lake inventories. GLOF susceptibility assessment is evaluated by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multicriteria structured technique based on three susceptibility contributing factors: Geographic, topographic, and climatic. A total of 294 glacial lakes are delineated with a total area of 7.85 ± 0.31 km2 for the year 2018. Analysis has identified six glacier lakes as potential GLOF and met the pre-established criteria of damaging GLOFs. The historical background of earlier GLOF events is utilized to validate the anticipated approach and found this method appropriate for first order detection and prioritization of potential GLOFs in Northern Pakistan.

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Alvi, Sana Yaqoob, Abdul Baqi, and Ali Abbas. "Appraisal of a Running Glacier of Pakistan Considering Structural Geology." Vol 3 Issue 1 3, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030102.

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Shishper glacier is surge type glacier which gave rise to Glacier Lake Outbursts Flood (GLOF) and an ice dammed lake. The probability of GLOF events has been increased in Pakistan’s mountain system due to increased temperature and irregular glacial fluctuations in northern region of Pakistan. The average rise of temperature in Pakistan is 1.04 ?C from the year 1960 to 2014. Rising temperature is initiating the recession of glaciers over the last decade which is indicating towards the evolution of glacial lakes in Basin of Hunza River. The Shishper glacier has travelled 800m during six months and about 1400m in the next six months in the year 2018. Shishper glacier has created a danger to fault lines and infrastructure of downstream of Hassanabad valley situated just below the hill. It travelled about 2.2km during 12 months. Temporal satellite imagery was used to evaluate susceptibility of GLOF events. Digital Elevation model was used to evaluate drainage patterns of Shishper glacier. Geological maps evaluated the geo-refred fault lines in the mountainous regions of Pakistan.

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Parish, Romola. "The unseen, unknown and misunderstood: complexities of development in Hunza, Pakistan." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 6, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.1999.9728438.

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Su, Xiaojun, Yi Zhang, Xingmin Meng, Mohib Ur Rehman, Zainab Khalid, and Dongxia Yue. "Updating Inventory, Deformation, and Development Characteristics of Landslides in Hunza Valley, NW Karakoram, Pakistan by SBAS-InSAR." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194907.

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The Hunza Valley, in the northwestern Karakoram Mountains, North Pakistan, is a typical region with many towns and villages, and a dense population and is prone to landslides. The present study completed landslide identification, updating a comprehensive landslide inventory and analysis. First, the ground surface deformation was detected in the Hunza Valley by SBAS-InSAR from ascending and descending datasets, respectively. Then, the locations and boundaries were interpreted and delineated, and a comprehensive inventory of 118 landslides, including the 53 most recent InSAR identified active landslides and 65 landslides cited from the literature, was completed. This study firstly named all 118 landslides, considering the demand for globally intensive research and hazard mitigation. Finally, the deformation, spatial–topographic development, and distribution characteristics in the Hunza Valley scale and three large significant landslides were analyzed. Information on 72 reported landslides was used to construct an empirical power law relationship linking landslide area (AL) to volume (VL) (VL = 0.067 × AL1.351), and this formula predicted the volume of 118 landslides in this study. We discovered that the landslides from the literature, which were interpreted from optical images, had lower levels of velocity, area, elevation, and height. The SBAS-InSAR-detected active landslide was characterized by higher velocity, larger area, higher elevation, larger slope gradient, larger NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), and greater height. The melting glacier water and rainfall infiltration from cracks on the landslide’s upper part may promote the action of a push from gravity on the upper part. Simultaneously, the coupling of actions from river erosion and active tectonics could have an impact on the stability of the slope toe. The up-to-date comprehensive identification and understanding of the characteristics and mechanism of landslide development in this study provide a reference for the next step in landslide disaster prevention and risk assessment.

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Arif, Hania, Syed Amer Mahmood, Munawar Sabir, and Saira Batool. "Appraisal of Spatiotemporal Variations in Snow Cover Dynamics using Geospatial Techniques: A paradigm from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." Vol 2 Issue 4 2, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2020020408.

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Snow and glaciers in the mountain ranges of Hindu-Kush, Karakoram, and Himalayas (HKH), are supposed to be shrinking. Consequently, serious significances occur in respect of water accessibility for inhabitants of down streams. This investigation is an effort o identify the temporal variation in snow covers of Gilgit Baltistan (GB), northern Pakistan. For the calculation of the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and estimation of snow-covered area (SCA), MODIS images for the period of 2000 to 2020 were used. Hunza, Astore, Gilgit, Diamir, Shyok, Ghanche, Skardu and Shigar are major sub-basins lying in GB with Hunza and Skardu being the mostly glaciated areas. Annual fluctuation in snow cover within GB was 10 to 80%. In accumulation season, from December to February, snow cover was almost 80% while in melting season, from July to September this area was reduced to 65-75%. The maximum and minimum Snow-Covered Area (SCA) detected in 2009 was almost 57687.85 km2 and 12083.40 km2 respectively. These results show fluctuations in SCA within the time duration of the last two decades.

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javed, Fahad, and Inamullah khan. "SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION ALONG CPEC ROUTE (KKH) BY USING ROCSCIENCE SLIDE MODELING;(A CASE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE AT HUMARRI, PAKISTAN." Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews 2, no. 3 (June 13, 2022): 070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2022.2.3.0043.

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Northern Pakistan is one of the most active and dangerous geological zones on the planet. As a result, several huge landslides have occurred in the area throughout history, destroying infrastructure, blocking the Hunza River, and seriously damaging the Karakoram highway. Due to the difficult logistics and wide distances involved, despite the high frequency of large-magnitude landslides and the subsequent destruction, the whole area remains understudied. Using the Limit Equilibrium Method, this study explores the slope failure along the Hunza River (HR), Village Humarri Nagar District Upper Hunza Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan (LEM). Using Slide Rocscience programmer, the slope was fully studied for geological conditions, slope geometry, soil strength parameters, and FOS determination. Soil samples from the slope were gathered for analysis of geotechnical properties, and the slope's geometry was also analysed during the excursion. Moisture content (w) 1%, specific gravity (Gs) 2.64, unit weight (r) 19kN/m3, angle of internal friction (AIF) 30 and cohesion (c) 69 kPa are the strength parameters of the soil sample. The Humarri active landslide soil was classed as sandy silt with the group sign ML by the Unified Classification System (UCS). In Slide Rocscience programme, the FOS of the slope was calculated using LEM with the assumption of ordinary (O), Janbu (J), and Bishop (B) techniques. A set of instances were used to calculate the influence of Pore Water Pressure (PWP), Unit Weight, Cohesion, Angle of Internal Friction, and Overburden on FOS. FOS increases when cohesiveness and angle of internal friction rise; yet, FOS increases as unit weight and overburden of overlying materials grow. Furthermore, while PWP has some good effects, increasing it causes a significant decline in FOS. Because every FOS is larger than 1, the Humarri active landslide is judged to be stable in its current form based on available strength metrics and simulated slide conscience results.

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Weinreich, Matthias. "Language Shift in Northern Pakistan: The Case of Domaakí and Pashto." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 1 (2010): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419189342.

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AbstractThe paper is devoted to the phenomenon of mother tongue change, which is known as the most common course of language death. The languages under consideration are Domaakí, with ca. 350 speakers in the Nager and Hunza Valleys, and Pashto, as spoken by permanent migrants in ca. 150 households scattered all over the Northern Areas. By analysing and comparing the social environment of both speech communities the author attempts to illustrate the importance of the speakers' attitude towards their own mother tongue in the process of language shift.

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Baig, Saranjam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, and Salma Bano. "Rural Tourism, Income and Rapid Urbanization: Exploring the Nexus Using A MultiDisciplinary Approach for Hunza, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss4.2019.344.

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Serving the purpose of an early warning, this paper provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of how thechanging dynamics of tourist arrivals can lead to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The improvements in infrastructureand communication systems under the aegis of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Gilgit-Baltistan have ledto exponential increase in tourists arrival in recent years. Does this increase lead to increase in incomes and spurring anunplanned and rapid urbanization? Hunza district is taken as a case study on the basis of evidence suggesting thataround 70 percent of total tourists Gilgit-Baltistan. To explore the relationship between tourists arrival and rapidurbanization, three types of data were used: survey data collected via questionnaires, secondary data from governmentsources, and Google images, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 from remotely sensed data. Using cross-tabulations, this studysuggests that tourists arrival led to increase in incomes, which were then spent on building commercial infrastructure.To cross check these results, land use land change study using GIS mapping was conducted for the last ten yearsperiod. It shows that rapid and unplanned urbanization has profound social and environmental implications for Hunza,if not managed properly and timely.

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Baig, Saranjam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, and Salma Bano. "Rural Tourism, Income and Rapid Urbanization: Exploring the Nexus Using A MultiDisciplinary Approach for Hunza, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i4.344.

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Serving the purpose of an early warning, this paper provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of how thechanging dynamics of tourist arrivals can lead to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The improvements in infrastructureand communication systems under the aegis of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Gilgit-Baltistan have ledto exponential increase in tourists arrival in recent years. Does this increase lead to increase in incomes and spurring anunplanned and rapid urbanization? Hunza district is taken as a case study on the basis of evidence suggesting thataround 70 percent of total tourists Gilgit-Baltistan. To explore the relationship between tourists arrival and rapidurbanization, three types of data were used: survey data collected via questionnaires, secondary data from governmentsources, and Google images, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 from remotely sensed data. Using cross-tabulations, this studysuggests that tourists arrival led to increase in incomes, which were then spent on building commercial infrastructure.To cross check these results, land use land change study using GIS mapping was conducted for the last ten yearsperiod. It shows that rapid and unplanned urbanization has profound social and environmental implications for Hunza,if not managed properly and timely.

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Ay, Zahide. "The Wakhis of Gojal (Upper Hunza): An Historical Analysis within the Context of Ismailism in Badakhshan." ALEVİLİK–BEKTAŞİLİK ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ, no. 19 (June 30, 2019): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24082/2019.abked.239.

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This paper aims to present an historical analysis of when and how the Wakhis of Upper Hunza became Ismaili. Upper Hunza, known locally as Gojal, is a part of Badakhshan located in the Karakoram Mountains in Pakistan. The Wakhis belong to the Eastern Iranian language group like all the other nations of Badakhshan. This is why we have to consider the Wakhis living in Gojal in the scope of the Central Asian cultural circle, just like the Wakhis of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Eastern Turkestan of China. Part of their identity stems from the Wakhi culture and the other part from the Dawat-i Nâsir tradition which can be defined as the Central Asian interpretation of Ismailism. The peoples of Upper Hunza have been named according to their belief system as Nâsiri, Panjtani, Mawlavi or Agha Khani. However the name they acknowledge and use is Dawat-i Nâsir, stemming from Nâsir-i Khusraw. Dawat-i Nâsir, their local belief system, which is one of the most prominent characteristics of their identity, now gives way to the Nizari Khoja tradition of India. This is the most striking point of conflict among the intellectuals of Gojal today. Another important characteristic of the region for both Central Asian studies and Ismaili studies is the existence of Turkish speaking Ismaili Kyrgyzs in Gojal who have completely converted to Ismailism and adopted Wakhi culture. Unlike the Sunni Kyrgyz who moved to the Ismaili settlements in Tashkurgan (China), Murgab (Tajikistan), and Wakhan (Afghanistan) yet retained their Sunni faith, those who moved to Upper Hunza converted to Ismailism. Their conversion to Ismailism seems to have paved the way for their assimilation into Wakhi culture. The mountainous Tajiks of Badakhshan, and the Wakhi branch of them, have never been central to the main narratives of Central Asian and Iranian political history, and much of it comes down to us only in the form of oral tradition. For this reason, besides few historical sources, this study based largely on fieldwork I carried out in Upper Hunza in 2015.

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Tahir, A. A., P. Chevallier, Y. Arnaud, and B. Ahmad. "Snow cover dynamics and hydrological regime of the Hunza River basin, Karakoram Range, Northern Pakistan." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 14, 2011): 2821–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-2821-2011.

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Abstract. A major proportion of flow in the Indus River is contributed by its snow- and glacier-fed river catchments situated in the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush ranges. It is therefore essential to understand the cryosphere dynamics in this area for water resource management. The MODIS MOD10A2 remote-sensing database of snow cover products from March 2000 to December 2009 was selected to analyse the snow cover changes in the Hunza River basin (the snow- and glacier-fed sub-catchment of the Indus River). A database of daily flows for the Hunza River at Dainyor Bridge over a period of 40 years and climate data (precipitation and temperature) for 10 years from three meteorological stations within the catchment was made available to investigate the hydrological regime in the area. Analysis of remotely sensed cryosphere (snow and ice cover) data showed a slight expansion of snow cover in the area in contrast to most of the regions in the world where glaciers are melting rapidly. This increase in snow cover may be the result of an increase in winter precipitation caused by westerly circulation. The impact of global warming is not effective because a large part of the basin area lies under high altitudes where the temperature remains negative throughout most of the year.

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Muhammad, Faqeer, Kifayat Ullah, and Rehmat Karim. "Analysis of Natural Resources and Environment, Politico-Economic Conditions and their influences on Tourist Behavioural Intentions in Hunza: Mediating effect of Tourist Satisfaction." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.443.

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This study aims to explore the influence of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE), Politico-Economic Conditions (PEC) on Tourist Behavioral Intension (TBI) in Hunza, Pakistan. The study further investigates the mediating role of Tourist Satisfaction (TS) on the given variables. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique has been applied to conceptualize the research frame and to test the proposed hypotheses. Primary data was collected by using convenient sampling technique for analysis from 220 tourists who visited tourism nucleus sites of Hunza. The finding of the study reveals that Natural resources and Environment, Politico-and Economic Conditions have a significant positive impact on Tourist’s Behavioral Intensions. Moreover, Tourist’s Satisfaction partially mediates the positive relationships among Natural Resources and Environment, Political & Economic Conditions and Tourist’s Behavioral Intensions. The findings of the study extend the understanding that presence of natural resources along with healthy environment and stable political & economic conditions of a destination are the key determinants for sustainable tourism development.

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Khan, Garee, Parvez Alam, Zulfiqar Ali, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Manzoor Ali, Shams Ur Rehman, Muhamad Alam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, and Farida Begum. "Landslide Hazard Risk Assessment and Landuse Planning of Mayoon, Hunza, GilgitBaltistan, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss4.2019.349.

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Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National DisasterManagerment Authority, based on frequency of avalanches, landslides, glacier lake outburst floods, rockfall and flashfloods. These hazards have been quite frequent since 2010, potentially due to changing climatic conditions and uniquetectonic setting resulting in massive destruction, economic loss and human migration. In this study, geospatial techniques(GIS/RS) were used to identify landslide hazard with elements at risk. The resultant maps will be used for betterplanning and resilience of local communities. Landslide area has been marked based on field observations (GPS data).Risk category is ranked high, medium and low based on field observations, geological setting and historical landslidedata. There are six offshoots of MKT crossing parallel to each other along KKH from Chalt to Ahmadabad. Chalt fault iscrossing nearby the Mayoon landslide, which may affect the entire valley. This study identifies landslide as a majorhazard in the area.

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Khan, Garee, Parvez Alam, Zulfiqar Ali, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Manzoor Ali, Shams Ur Rehman, Muhamad Alam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, and Farida Begum. "Landslide Hazard Risk Assessment and Landuse Planning of Mayoon, Hunza, GilgitBaltistan, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i4.349.

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Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National DisasterManagerment Authority, based on frequency of avalanches, landslides, glacier lake outburst floods, rockfall and flashfloods. These hazards have been quite frequent since 2010, potentially due to changing climatic conditions and uniquetectonic setting resulting in massive destruction, economic loss and human migration. In this study, geospatial techniques(GIS/RS) were used to identify landslide hazard with elements at risk. The resultant maps will be used for betterplanning and resilience of local communities. Landslide area has been marked based on field observations (GPS data).Risk category is ranked high, medium and low based on field observations, geological setting and historical landslidedata. There are six offshoots of MKT crossing parallel to each other along KKH from Chalt to Ahmadabad. Chalt fault iscrossing nearby the Mayoon landslide, which may affect the entire valley. This study identifies landslide as a majorhazard in the area.

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Hussain, Dostdar, and Aftab Ahmed Khan. "Machine learning techniques for monthly river flow forecasting of Hunza River, Pakistan." Earth Science Informatics 13, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12145-020-00450-z.

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us Saqib, Najum, Asim Yaqub, Gomal Amin, Imran Khan, Huma Ajab, Iftikhar Zeb, and Didar Ahmad. "The impact of tourism on local communities and their environment in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a local community perspective." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0015.

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Abstract The northern area of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), has huge tourist potential due to its exotic mountain beauty. According to the GB Tourism Department, a large number of tourists (around 200651) visit GB every year from across the country. Due to a large influx of tourists in the area both positive and negative impacts have been felt especially on the environment and on the local communities. The environmental impacts of tourism were investigated in this research in two districts of GB. Three villages were selected from each of the districts of Hunza and Diamer as the basis of this research. This study was based on the perceptions and attitudes of the respondents. The total number of questionnaires completed was 340 filled from different respondent categories. Results showed that deforestation, loss of biodiversity, generation of solid waste, water, air and noise pollution, damage cultural and heritage sites and are the main environmental issues caused by tourism activities in the villages in these districts. About 42% of respondents said that deforestation and loss of biodiversity were high in the Diamer district while in Hunza 39% of respondents said that solid waste generation was high. Similarly, 21% respondents in Hunza and 14% respondents in Diamer agreed that water pollution is caused by tourism activities. Microbial analysis of water confirmed the presence of Salmonella typhi, E. coli and Enterobacter sp. There were positive impacts of tourism with results revealing that 87% of villagers and 98% of businessmen responded that tourism had provided them with jobs and business during the peak tourism season. Hotels and restaurants are the main source of jobs in GB mainly as porters and guides. According to the data collected dry fruits, medicinal herbs, gemstones and handicrafts provided considerable attractions for tourists. It is recommended that a combined effort be made by the local communities, tourism departments and other Govt. Agencies to ensure the cleanliness of tourist attractions.

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Tahir, A. A., P. Chevallier, Y. Arnaud, and B. Ahmad. "Snow cover dynamics and hydrological regime of the Hunza River basin, Karakoram Range, Northern Pakistan." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 18, 2011): 2275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2275-2011.

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Abstract. A major proportion of flow in the Indus River is contributed by its snow- and glacier-fed river catchments situated in the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush ranges. It is therefore essential to understand the cryosphere dynamics in this area for water resource management. The MODIS MOD10A2 remote-sensing database of snow cover products from March 2000 to December 2009 was selected to analyse the snow cover changes in the Hunza River basin (the snow- and glacier-fed sub-catchment of the Indus River). A database of daily flows for the Hunza River at Dainyor Bridge over a period of 40 yr and climate data (precipitation and temperature) for 10 yr from three meteorological stations within the catchment was made available to investigate the hydrological regime in the area. Analysis of remotely sensed cryosphere (snow and ice cover) data during the last decade (2000–2009) suggest a rather slight expansion of cryosphere in the area in contrast to most of the regions in the world where glaciers are melting rapidly. This increase in snow cover may be the result of an increase in winter precipitation caused by westerly circulation. The impact of global warming is not effective because a large part of the basin area lies under high altitudes where the temperature remains negative throughout most of the year.

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Kamp, Ulrich, and Klaus Haserodt. "Quartale Vergletscherungen im Hindukusch, Karakorum und West-Himalaya, Pakistan - Ein Überblick." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.51.1.07.

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Abstract. Für die pakistanischen Hochgebirge Hindukusch (Chitral, Swat, Ghizar-Gebiet), Karakorum (Hunza, Gilgit-Raum, Rakaposhi, Haramosh, Baltistan, K2-Region) und West-Himalaya (Nanga Parbat, Kaghan-Gebiet, Deosai-Plateau) haben glaziologische und glazialmorphologische Forschungen eine lange Tradition. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Gesamtschau über den bisherigen Erkenntnisstand zu den quartären Vergletscherungen geliefert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Ergebnisse über die Ausdehnung und die glazialen Chronologien nach wie vor differieren - insbesondere bezüglich der Rekonstruktion eines ehemaligen Gletschers im Indus-Tal. Verbesserte Datierungsmethoden revidieren hier ggf. bisherige Ansichten, und neuere Erklärungsmodelle, wie das „Wandern" des Monsun-Systems während des Quartärs als entscheidender regionaler Klimafaktor, versuchen asynchrone Chronologien zu verstehen.

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Rahim, Sabit, Sadruddin Bahadur Qutoshi, Syeda Abida, Faqeer Muhammad, and Imtiaz Hussain. "Access and Use of Mobile Phone in Daily Life Activities by Rural Women of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835877.

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This study aims to investigate the access to a mobile phone, usage pattern, and its impact on mountainous rural women of two districts, i.e., Hunza and Nagar districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. To attain the objective of the research, the researchers have employed various statistic methods, and data were collected through a questionnaire from 190 respondents in the study area (200 respondents were selected). Initially, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests were used for sampling adequacy, and factor analysis technique was used to explain correlations among multiple outcomes. The results revealed that 80% of women in the Hunza and Nagar districts own mobile phones (access) and 63% have good skills of mobile phone usage for a variety of purposes. Moreover, 56.4% of women use mobile phones in their daily life activities; however, 23.6% disagreed with the statements. On the contrary, the results show that 71.8% women use mobile phones for security purposes. Therefore, the study recommends that effective use of the mobile phone in daily activities of mountainous rural women can be one of the effective strategies to boost their confidence level and feeling of security. Finally, socioeconomic development of the area is possible by providing technical skills related to mobile phone business to the unskilled women of the two districts.

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Khan, Muhammad Amjad, Salman Amin, Abdul Rauf Bhatti, Sheikh Saaqib Haroon, and Intisar Ali Sajjad. "A Feasibility Analysis of Wind Power Project in the Hunza Valley of Pakistan." July 2021 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2103.12.

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Wind resource potential is strongly influenced by the exposure, orientation of the terrain and the wind direction. In Pakistan, the northern areas have very attractive sites for wind power plants. However, due to non-standardized masts installed, the collected data are not reliable. Due to the unreliable nature of available data, the investors normally avoid the investing in the wind power projects. Various software and tools have been used so far for the feasibility analysis but due to unreliable data, the proper feasibility analysis is still out of sight. To overcome this deficiency, a feasibility study of a wind power project in the Hunza Valley of Pakistan using reliable data is presented in this paper. For this purpose, the RETScreen is used by exploiting the standard NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) database. Since the developing countries are facing problems in the development of wind projects, it is envisaged that this approach will give an easy way to launch new clean energy projects.

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Shafique, M., B. Faiz, and A. Bacha. "EVALUATING GLACIER DYNAMICS USING TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGES: A CASE STUDY OF HUNZA VALLEY, NORTHERN PAKISTAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1781-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Glaciers are the major source of water for drainage network. Northern Pakistan is hosting some of the largest and longest glaciers. Studies evaluating the temporal dynamics of glaciers in Pakistan shows contradictory results of retreat, stable of advancing behavior. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the temporal dynamics in three glaciers in northern Pakistan, using Landsat satellite images. The Landsat images for the years of 1977, 1999, 2001, 2007, 2009 and 2014 shows retreat in selected Hispar, Birpu and Bualtar glaciers. To evaluate the impact of weather indicators of the glaciers dynamics, the temporal glaciers inventories were compared with the rainfall and temperature for the corresponding years. This study should assist to understand the glaciers dynamics and future climate of the region.</p>

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Bolander, Brook. "Voices of English: language and the construction of religious identity amongst Ismaili Muslims in Pakistan and Tajikistan." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021, no. 271 (September 1, 2021): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-0046.

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Abstract This paper brings together notions of heteroglossia and religious identity to explore how English becomes indexical of Ismaili distinction in local communities in Pakistan and Tajikistan. Adopting a heteroglossic approach to language provides a perspective which is epistemologically compatible with notions of religion as social, human and interactional, as intricately connected to power, and as both reflecting and being shaped by perspective and positioning. In the paper, I use a “discourse analysis beyond the speech event” approach to engage with data collected during ethnographic fieldwork (qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, fieldnotes) amongst Ismailis in Hunza, northern Pakistan and Khorog, eastern Tajikistan. In analyzing these examples, I attempt to illustrate how ideologies of English become sites for the negotiation of religious distinction.

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Kreutzmann, Hermann. "Challenge and Response in the Karakoram: Socioeconomic Transformation in Hunza, Northern Areas, Pakistan." Mountain Research and Development 13, no. 1 (February 1993): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673642.

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Ali, M., S. Iqbal, M. Wasim, M. Arif, and F. Saif. "Soil radioactivity levels and radiological risk assessment in the highlands of Hunza, Pakistan." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 153, no. 3 (June 24, 2012): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs102.

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Hussain, Zahid, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Syed Mohammad Ali Shah, Faheem Nawaz, Muhammad Najam Khan, Sajjad Hussain, and Ishaq Ahmad. "Investigation of raw materials for cement industry of Upper Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 414 (September 13, 2018): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/414/1/012012.

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Crawford, M. B., and M. P. Searle. "Collision-related granitoid magmatism and crustal structure of the Hunza Karakoram, North Pakistan." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 74, no. 1 (1993): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1993.074.01.05.

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Hussain, Alamgeer. "A brief communication of shispar glacier surge in 2018, hunza river basin, Pakistan." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 7, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29352.

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Glacier surging is a common phenomenon in the Karakoram region, but the driving mechanisms, their occurrence and its relation to a changing climate remain are unclear. In this study, we use Sentinel imagery to quantify advancement of the Shispar glacier during a surge in 2018. Results reveal that Shispar glacier starts rapid surging from Jun 2018. The peak surge is in August 2018. Our data reveal that glacier dammed the Hassanabad stream as result lake formation in upstream area and drainage of the lake also blocked. The surging is continuing and size of newly formed glacier lake is also increasing day by day. Currently, the inflow to lake is very low due to low melting (negative temperature) from the upstream glacier. This inflow of glacier meltwater will be an increase in the summer season, which may grow in lake size and could pose threats to downstream settlements and infrastructure (irrigation channels, powerhouses and bridge at Karakoram Highway (KKH) in the case of a sudden breach in the form of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). Currently the damages the powerhouse channel and damage the irrigation channel of Aliabad Hunza. This study recommended that there is a need for monitoring of glacier lake size and blockage area using remote sensing data i.e. satellite images and UAV.

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Bolander, Brook. "English and the transnational Ismaili Muslim community: Identity, the Aga Khan, and infrastructure." Language in Society 45, no. 4 (July 22, 2016): 583–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404516000439.

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AbstractThe adoption of English as the official language of the transnational Ismaili Muslim community has its roots in the British Raj, which provides the backdrop for recent Ismaili history. Yet it is the Aga Khan IV, spiritual leader of the community since 1957, who has most avidly pushed English as part of a ‘language policy’. Drawing on Ismaili discourse published online, historical sources, secondary literature, and data collected during ethnographic fieldwork in Northern Pakistan and Eastern Tajikistan, this article addresses how English emerged as the community's official language, how and why it was made integral to the community's transnational infrastructure, and what English means to Ismailis living in a village in Hunza, Northern Pakistan and the city of Khorog, Eastern Tajikistan. It thereby underscores that identity and infrastructure emerge as entangled, and it reflects upon the implications of this relationship for research on English and Islam, and language and transnationalism. (Transnationalism, English, Ismaili, Pakistan, Tajikistan, identity, infrastructure, Islam)*

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Yaseen, Muhammad, Yasir Latif, Muhammad Waseem, Megersa Leta, Sohail Abbas, and Haris Akram Bhatti. "Contemporary Trends in High and Low River Flows in Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan." Water 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030337.

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The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) features the high mountain ranges of the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalaya (HKH). The snow and glacier meltwater contribution feeds 10 major river basins downstream including Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Jhelum, Kabul, Shyok and Shigar. Climate change is likely to fluctuate the runoff generated from such river basins concerning high and low streamflows. Widening the lens of focus, the present study examines the magnitude and timing of high flows variability as well as trends variability in low streamflows using Sen’s slope and the Mann-Kendall test in UIB from 1981 to 2016. The results revealed that the trend in the magnitude of the high flows decreased at most of the sub-basins including the Jhelum, Indus and Kabul River basins. Significantly increased high flows were observed in the glacier regime of UIB at Shigar and Shyok while decreased flows were predominant in Hunza River at Daniyor Bridge. A similar proclivity of predominantly reduced flows was observed in nival and rainfall regimes in terms of significant negative trends in the Jhelum, Kunhar, Neelum and Poonch River basins. The timing of the high flows has not changed radically as magnitude at all gauging stations. For the low flows, decreasing significant trends were detected in the annual flows as well as in other extremes of low flows (1-day, 7-day, 15-day). The more profound and decreasing pattern of low flows was observed in summer at most of the gauging stations; however, such stations exhibited increased low flows in autumn, winter and spring. The decrease in low flows indicates the extension of dry periods particularly in summer. The high-water demand in summer will be compromised due to consistently reducing summer flows; the lower the water availability, the lower will be the crop yield and electricity generation.

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Farooq Ahmed, M., Maisum Hussain, J. David Rogers, and Muhammad Saleem Khan. "Initial Screening of Regional Landslide Hazards in the Hunza River Watershed, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan." Natural Hazards Review 22, no. 4 (November 2021): 04021035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000497.

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Bacha, Alam Sher, Muhammad Shafique, and Harald van der Werff. "Landslide inventory and susceptibility modelling using geospatial tools, in Hunza-Nagar valley, northern Pakistan." Journal of Mountain Science 15, no. 6 (May 3, 2018): 1354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4697-0.

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Younis, Hannan, Aziz Ahmed Qureshi, Zafar Wazir, Khurram Mehboob, and Muhammad Ajaz. "Measurement of Indoor Radon Concentration in the Hunza Valley of Karakoram Ranges Northern Pakistan." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 44, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00904-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hunza (Pakistan)'

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