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Journal articles on the topic 'Hurdle race'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Dimitrios Tsaopoulos, Arsenis Giavroglou, and Eleftherios Tsarouchas. "Race Pattern of Women’s 100-m Hurdles: Time Analysis of Olympic Hurdle Performance." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.3p.56.

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Background: For control and effective management of training process in women’s 100-m hurdles event, the coaches, in addition to detailed biomechanical parameters, need also overall, more comprehensive technical parameters, called direct performance descriptors which are used for planning the distribution of an athlete’s efforts over the race. Purpose: The aim of this study was the investigation of the race behavior of elite women sprint hurdlers, on the basis of selected time parameters, and the examination of the existence of a common race pattern in high level hurdle performance. Method: The time data of the race performance between two consecutive Olympic Games were compared. The analyzing subjects consisted of all women 100-m hurdle finalists in Athens 2004 (n = 6) and all women 100-m hurdle finalists (n = 8) and semi-finalists (n = 14) in Beijing 2008. Results: No significant differences were revealed between the two competitions concerning to the means of approach run time, run-in time, intermediate touchdown times, interval times for the hurdle units and the corresponding average velocities. Significant relationship exists between the intermediate times and final performance. The time contribution of the first half of the race to the formation of the final performance is approximately equal to the second one and, generally the standardised time parameters show the existence of a common race pattern in high level hurdle performance. Conclusion: The presented biomechanical data provide coaches and athletes with valuable information about hurdle technique for effective interventions in the training process.

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2

González-Frutos, Pablo, Santiago Veiga, Javier Mallo, and Enrique Navarro. "Evolution of the Hurdle-Unit Kinematic Parameters in the 60 m Indoor Hurdle Race." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 7807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217807.

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The aims of this study were to compare the five hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model with the hurdle-to-hurdle model and with the official time, to compare the step kinematics of each hurdle-unit intervals, and to relate these variables to their respective hurdle-unit split times. The temporal and spatial parameters of the 60 m hurdles race were calculated during the 44th Spanish and 12th IAAF World Indoor Championships (men: n = 59; women: n = 51). The hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model showed a high correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001) with the split times of the hurdle-to-hurdle model and faster split times were related to shorter step and flight times in hurdle steps for both genders. At the first hurdle, male athletes tended to increase their flight and contact times while the tendency of female athletes was to decrease their contact and flight times. In addition, at the first hurdle, both genders presented shorter take-off distance, shorter landing distance, and greater step width than in the remaining hurdles of the race. Therefore, coaches should implement training programs that have an impact on these key variables according to the specific demands of each hurdle-unit phase and gender.

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3

Schmidt, Marcus, Tobias Alt, Kevin Nolte, and Thomas Jaitner. "Comment on “Hurdle Clearance Detection and Spatiotemporal Analysis in 400 Meters Hurdles Races Using Shoe-Mounted Magnetic and Inertial Sensor”." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102995.

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The recent paper “Hurdle Clearance Detection and Spatiotemporal Analysis in 400 Meters Hurdles Races Using Shoe-Mounted Magnetic and Inertial Sensor” (Sensors 2020, 20, 354) proposes a wearable system based on a foot-worn miniature inertial measurement unit (MIMU) and different methods to detect hurdle clearance and to identify the leading leg during 400-m hurdle races. Furthermore, the presented system identifies changes in contact time, flight time, running speed, and step frequency throughout the race. In this comment, we discuss the original paper with a focus on the ecological validity and the applicability of MIMU systems for field-based settings, such as training or competition for elite athletes.

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4

Vanduffel, S., J. Dhaene, M. Goovaerts, and R. Kaas. "The hurdle-race problem." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 33, no. 2 (October 2003): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2003.08.008.

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5

Ozaki, Yusuke, Takeshi Ueda, Tomohiro Fukuda, Tatsuya Inai, Eri Kido, and Daiki Narisako. "Regulation of Stride Length During the Approach Run in the 400‐M Hurdles." Journal of Human Kinetics 69, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0019.

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Abstract This research aims to clarify the stride adjustment in the approach of the 400‐m hurdles, and to examine the relationship with 400‐m hurdle performance. Seven male 400‐m hurdlers volunteered for this study. Participants ran three times from the start to the second hurdle. The standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance and standard deviation of stride length at each step from the start to the first hurdle were calculated. The maximum value of the standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance was defined as the position at which the athlete starts stride adjustment. The relationships between each variable, 400‐m hurdle personal best, and the ratio of 400‐m hurdle personal best and 400‐m running personal best (400 m/400‐m hurdles) were examined. Results concluded that standard deviation of toe‐hurdle distance gradually increased after the start, reached the maximum value in the latter half of the approach section, and then decreased until the takeoff. Standard deviation of stride length increased significantly from 4 steps before the takeoff. From these trends, it was suggested that athletes seemed to start stride adjustment from the middle stage to the latter half of the approach by sensing stride error accumulation in the middle of the approach. The strides immediately before the takeoff were markedly involved in stride adjustment. Furthermore, the stride adjustment technique to reduce maximum accumulation error of stride evaluated in the approach section was considered associated with the smooth running of the entire 400‐m hurdle race.

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6

Iskra, Janusz, Aleksander Matusiński, Mitsuo Otsuka, and Kenny J. Guex. "Pacing Strategy in Men’s 400 m Hurdles Accounting for Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Elite Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 79, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0059.

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Abstract The final result in a 400 m hurdles race (400mH) is relative to the motor preparation, technique of clearing hurdles as well as the adopted strategy of the race, including temporal aspects (split times in particular parts of the race) and spatial elements (the number of strides taken between subsequent hurdles). The objective of the study was to identify an optimal strategy for the 400mH race, including the stride pattern and split times. Data employed for this study were derived from results of 273 races held during the men’s finals of international events (Olympic Games, World and European Championships) held from 1968 to 2015. To determine the strategies in the race, three main hurdle sections were identified – 1-4H, 4-7H and 7-10H. In each part, the fast (best results), average and slow (worst results) performing groups of hurdlers were distinguished. The analysis of adopted strategies was carried out taking into account 26 variables (main, basic, temporal and spatial). Basic statistical data, correlations and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results highlight the use of a variety of strategies, of which selection depends, among others, on body composition and the level of motor abilities (speed, speed endurance and explosive strength), as well as hurdling technique. Especially, the endurance strategy appears to be the most effective one, as it is a characteristic of best performances of many hurdlers. The analysis demonstrates that at the highest sports level the strategy of 400 m hurdles should be analyzed individually.

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7

Mann, Ralph, and John Herman. "Kinematic Analysis of Olympic Hurdle Performance: Women's 100 Meters." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 1, no. 2 (May 1985): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.1.2.163.

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Selected kinematic variables in the performance of the Gold and Silver medalists and the eighth-place finisher in the women's 100-meter hurdles final at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games were investigated. Cinematographic records were obtained for all track hurdling events at the Games, with the 100-meter hurdle performers singled out for initial analysis. In this race, sagittal view filming records (100 fps) were collected at the 9th hurdle of the performance. Computer generated analysis variables included both direct performance variables (body velocity, support time, etc.) and body kinematics (upper leg position, lower leg velocity, etc.) that have previously been utilized in the analysis of elite athlete hurdlers. The difference in place finish was related to the performance variables body horizontal velocity (direct), vertical velocity (indirect), and support time (indirect). The critical body kinematics variables related to success included upper and lower leg velocity during support into and off the hurdle (direct), relative horizontal foot position (to the body) at touchdown into and off the hurdle (indirect), and relative horizontal foot velocity (to the body) at touchdown into the hurdle.

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8

Fink, Dorothy A., Rosa M. Pasculli, Alana Wright, Karin Katz, Nidhi Agrawal, Ryan Turner, and Dennis A. Cardone. "Unexpected Hurdle in the Race." Current Sports Medicine Reports 18, no. 12 (December 2019): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000664.

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9

Aparna, Gumma. "The overseas doctor hurdle race." BMJ 328, no. 7440 (March 13, 2004): s105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7440.s105.

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10

Lichtenstein, A. V. "Cancer research: A hurdle race." Biochemistry (Moscow) 79, no. 5 (May 2014): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297914050010.

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11

Quinn, Mike D. "External Effects in the 400-m Hurdles Race." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.2.171.

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A mathematical model based on a differential equation of motion is used to simulate the 400-m hurdles race for men and women. The model takes into account the hurdler’s stride pattern, the hurdle clearance, and aerobic and anaerobic components of the propulsive force of the athlete, as well as the effects of wind resistance, altitude of the venue, and curvature of the track. The model is used to predict the effect on race times of different wind conditions and altitudes. The effect on race performance of the lane allocation and the efficiency of the hurdle clearance is also predicted. The most favorable wind conditions are shown to be a wind speed no greater than 2 m/s assisting the athlete in the back straight and around the second bend. The outside lane (lane 8) is shown to be considerably faster than the favored center lanes. In windless conditions, the advantage can be as much as 0.15 s for men and 0.12 s for women. It is shown that these values are greatly affected by the wind conditions.

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12

TSIOKANOS, ATHANASIOS, DIMITRIS TSAOPOULOS, ELEFTHERIOS TSAROUCHAS, and ARSENIS GIAVROGLOU. "Race pattern of Men’s 110-M Hurdles: Time analysis of Olympic Hurdle Performnce." journal biology of exercise 14, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4127/jbe.2018.0136.

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13

Senderski, Marcin. "Inhibited privatization: a hurdle race over vested interests." European Journal of Government and Economics 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2015.4.1.4306.

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This paper recognizes vested interests as one of the primary premises that reduce the effectiveness of privatization policy, stall its momentum and produce structural problems in the long-run. Both exogenous and endogenous drawbacks are cited, but the main focus is put on the dynamism of vested interests’ character, interconnectedness and evolution. Policy makers have been long aware of the existence of activities rooted in vested interests including empire building behaviors, creation of sinecures or extravagant management style. Hence, the fundamental effort here is put on the identification of emerging vested interests that were typically not considered by scholars. The channels through which conventional vested interests have snowballed over time are emphasized. This includes casting a closer glance at family employment, as well as at sports sponsorship arrangements, which emerge as the favorite domain of marketing activity for Polish state-owned enterprises. The research of available literature is performed, along with its application to the Polish case, and insightful observations concerning the anatomy of privatization-related reluctance. Rough policy recommendations conclude the paper.

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14

Ntolaptsis, Konstantinos, and Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos. "Relationship Between Reaction Time, Medal Winning and Performance in the 60 m Hurdle Indoor Event Before and After the Change of False Start Rule." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 61, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2021-0007.

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Summary 60 m hurdles races are included in the World Indoor Athletics Championships and consist the shortest hurdle race distance. Thus, it is possible that the reaction time (RT) affects the finish time (t60mH) and the rank of the hurdlers. The aims of this research were: a) to examine the relationship between RT and t60mH, b) the possible differentiation of RT: c) between the hurdlers who won a medal in World Indoor Athletics Championships (WM) and those who did not (NMW), d) between hurdlers who competed before (BRC) and after (ARC) the change of the starting rules in 2009. Analysis included 70 performances (WM: n = 28; NMW: n = 42; BRC: n = 32; ARC, n = 38). The differences between WM and NMW and BRC and ARC were examined with independent samples T-test, while the possible relationship between RT and t60mH with Pearson’s correlation. The results showed that RT was not significantly different (p < .05) between WM and NMW and between BRC and ARC. A weak, but significant, positive correlation (r = .228, p = .016) between RT and t60mH was observed. Results revealed that RT is a factor that affects t60mH. In conclusion, the essential focus on the reaction time at the starting blocks must be given during the training process.

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15

Gottlieb-Vedi, M., and C. B. Pipper. "Falls in Swedish hurdle and steeplechase racing and the condition of the track surface." Comparative Exercise Physiology 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep150011.

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Falls in National Hunt races is a tragic part of the sport. The present study focuses on the relation between racing track conditions and the number of falls in Swedish jump racing. The assumption was that more horses fell on heavy or soft going than on good or firm going. Results from all jump races at Täby Racecourse (1992-2001) were recorded. Parameters registered were: type and number of races, racing surface and condition, total time to finish the race, number of starting horses and number of falls. In this period 212 races, corresponding to 1,556 horse starts, were registered. Falls were registered in 42 races and in total 61 horses fell. The fall frequency on horse level was significantly higher in steeplechases than in hurdle races (odds ratio =3.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.99-6.85). For the steeplechases recorded in this study, significantly more falls were seen in long distance races (>4,000 m) on soft to heavy going (odds ratio = 5.20; 95% CI = 1.48-18.26), whereas no significant trends were observed due to total time to finish the race, number of starting horses, temperature, and calendar year. For the hurdle chases recorded, no significant associations between fall-frequency and the recorded explanatory variables were found. The fact that significantly more horses fell in long-distance steeplechases on soft to heavy going, makes surface condition important to consider in order to improve race safety. Among the 195 horse starts in long-distance steeplechases in this study 7 (2-11) falls could have been prevented by cancelling races on soft to heavy surfaces.

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16

Čoh, Milan, Nejc Bončina, Stanko Štuhec, and Krzysztof Mackala. "Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of the Hurdle Clearance Technique of Colin Jackson and Dayron Robles: Key Studies." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093302.

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The purpose of the study was to compare the biomechanical parameters of the hurdle clearance technique of the fifth hurdle in the 110 m hurdle race of Colin Jackson of Great Britain (12.91 s world record was set in 1994) and Dayron Robles of Cuba (12.87 s world record was set in 2008), two world record holders. Despite the athletes having performed at different times, we used comparable biomechanical diagnostic technology for both hurdlers. Biomechanical measurements for both were performed by the Laboratory for Movement Control of the Institute of Sport, Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana. A three-dimensional video analysis of the fifth hurdle clearance technique was used. High standards of biomechanical measurements were taken into account, thus ensuring the high objectivity of the obtained results. The following program was used: the ARIEL kinematic program (Ariel Dynamics Inc., Trabuco Canyon, CA, USA). The results of the comparative analysis found minimal differences between the two athletes, which was expected given their excellence. Dayron Robles’s hurdle clearance was more effective, as it was characterized by a smaller loss of horizontal center of mass (COM) velocity. Robles’s hurdle clearance took 0.50 s: 0.10 s for the take-off, 0.33 s for the flight phase, and 0.07 s for the landing phase. Colin Jackson completed the hurdle clearance slightly slower, as it took him 0.54 s. Jackson’s take-off phase also lasted 0.10 s, his flight phase 0.36 s, and his landing 0.08 s. The two athletes are quite different in their morphological constitution. Dayron Robles is 10 cm taller than Colin Jackson, resulting in a lower flight parabola of CM during hurdle clearance of the Cuban athlete. Dayron Robles has a more effective hurdle clearance technique compared to Jackson’s achievement. It can be considered that their individual techniques of overcoming the hurdle, reached their individual highest efficiency at this time.

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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case control study to investigate race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish point-to-point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170034.

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Horseracing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. To date no epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horseracing have investigated the risks specific to point-to-point (PTP) racing. This study aimed to identify the main race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish PTP and to compare these to published findings for hurdle and steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective case-control design. Relevant variables were identified and information was collated for all PTP races in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Race-level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. During the study period 1,358 PTP races were recorded, 727 races (54%) included at least one horse fall. The fall frequency noted during the current study was 88/1000 starts. Race category impacted the odds of a fall occurring with all categories of maiden races having increased odds of falls compared to open races. Maiden races for 6 year olds and 6 and 7 year olds had the greatest chance of falling with 6.9 times increased odds. The chance of a race containing a fall increased 38% for each additional runner and was reduced by 25% for every horse that pulled up during the race. Using a larger data set could enable further sub-models to be developed. In the current study some of the variables had a low number of cases and/or controls which limited the analysis. Retrospective analysis of fall risk exposed some risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. The variables identified could inform future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety whilst racing.

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18

Reynolds, Anderson. "Analyzing Fresh Vegetable Consumption From Household Survey Data." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 22, no. 2 (December 1990): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800001772.

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Abstract To analyze fresh vegetable consumption using household survey data, the tobit model and a more flexible parameterization to the tobit model—the “double hurdle” model—were considered. Based on the likelihood ratio test, the tobit model was rejected against the “double hurdle” specification. Moreover, the results suggest that the tobit model underestimated the impact of the explanatory variables on fresh vegetable expenditures. Other results indicate that total food expenditures (proxy for income), age, household composition, sex, race, marital status, urbanization, region, and seasonality are all important determinants of fresh vegetable expenditures.

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19

Chow, John W. "A Panning Videographic Technique to Obtain Selected Kinematic Characteristics of the Strides in Sprint Hurdling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.9.2.149.

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This paper describes a panning videographic technique for measuring stride lengths and horizontal velocities of strides over an entire hurdle race. The technique requires that tapes of alternate black and white sections be placed at the inside border of the inside lane and the outside border of the outside lane of a track as spatial reference and that a vertical reference be videotaped when it is erected at different locations within the track. The stride lengths and horizontal velocities obtained with the panning technique were compared with the corresponding values that were obtained with conventional stationary camera techniques. The results indicate that if three panning cameras are used to cover the entire hurdle race, the average absolute errors in stride length and horizontal velocity are 0.07 m and 0.15 m/s, respectively. Such errors are considered acceptable for some applications. Certain properties of the panning technique are discussed.

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Iskra, Janusz, Anna Walaszczyk, and Karolina Przednowek. "HURDLE RACE IN EARLY EDUCATION – 10 WEEKS OF ARTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 2096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.20962108.

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21

Gaebler, Christian, and Michel C. Nussenzweig. "All eyes on a hurdle race for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine." Nature 586, no. 7830 (October 19, 2020): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02926-w.

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22

Basile, Agbodjogbe D., Ogueboule Bachar M., Attiklemé Kossivi, and Kpazaï Georges. "Les Difficultés D’apprentissage En Éducation Physique Et Sportive: Une Étude De Trois Cas D’enseignement De La Course De Haies Au Bénin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 31 (November 30, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p370.

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This study explored the functioning of the in-situ didactic system to highlight the difficulties experienced by students in the third year of the secondary school level when performing the activities suggested by their Sport and Physical Education Teachers. Based on the logic of the ternarity of the didactic system (Amade-Escot, 2008; 2003), the interactions between the teachers and students during the teaching/learning of the race were the subjects of study. A triangulation method was utilized whereby data was collected by extracting information from various sources including (Leutenegger, 2009; Van Der Maren, 1996): documentary analysis, interviews conducted pre-session, post-session, and post-cycle, as well as audio-visual recording of the class sessions. Central concepts within the anthropological theory of didactic (Chevallard, 1992) and didactic joint action theory (Sensevy, 2007) were used to analyze and interpret the results of which the most salient revealed that the students have difficulty with crossing and resuming the race after the hurdle. The inter-hurdle race does not occur at regular intervals. These are difficulties previously noted by Lamote (2002) and Aubert (1994). Within the context of our investigation, the agglomeration of the contents of the program, the number of sessions (03) devoted to the teaching/learning cycle of this physical activity, the quality of the material used, and the personal interactions between the participants, were all factors shown to account for the difficulties experienced by the students.

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Choi, Su Nam. "A study on record reduction by analysis of section speed of 100m hurdle race." Korean Society For The Study Of Physical Education 25, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15831/jksspe.2021.25.4.245.

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24

Choi, Su-nam. "A Study on Shortening of Record by Analysis of Section Speed in 400m Hurdle Race." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 20, no. 22 (November 30, 2020): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2020.20.22.1045.

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25

Garbelli, Anna, Valentina Riva, Emmanuele Crespan, and Giovanni Maga. "How to win the HIV-1 drug resistance hurdle race: running faster or jumping higher?" Biochemical Journal 474, no. 10 (April 26, 2017): 1559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160772.

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Infections by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are still totaling an appalling 36.7 millions worldwide, with 1.1 million AIDS deaths/year and a similar number of yearly new infections. All this, in spite of the discovery of HIV-1 as the AIDS etiological agent more than 30 years ago and the introduction of an effective combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART), able to control disease progression, more than 20 years ago. Although very effective, current cART is plagued by the emergence of drug-resistant viral variants and most of the efforts in the development of novel direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against HIV-1 have been devoted toward the fighting of resistance. In this review, rather than providing a detailed listing of all the drugs and the corresponding resistance mutations, we aim, through relevant examples, at presenting to the general reader the conceptual shift in the approaches that are being taken to overcome the viral resistance hurdle. From the classic ‘running faster’ strategy, based on the development of novel DAAs active against the mutant viruses selected by the previous drugs and/or presenting to the virus a high genetic barrier toward the development of resilience, to a ‘jumping higher’ approach, which looks at the cell, rather than the virus, as a source of valuable drug targets, in order to make the cellular environment non-permissive toward the replication of both wild-type and mutated viruses.

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26

Falbriard, Mathieu, Maurice Mohr, and Kamiar Aminian. "Hurdle Clearance Detection and Spatiotemporal Analysis in 400 Meters Hurdles Races Using Shoe-Mounted Magnetic and Inertial Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020354.

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This research aimed to determine whether: (1) shoe-worn magnetic and inertial sensors can be used to detect hurdle clearance and identify the leading leg in 400-m hurdles, and (2) to provide an analysis of the hurdlers’ spatiotemporal parameters in the intervals defined by the hurdles’ position. The data set is composed of MIMU recordings of 15 athletes in a competitive environment. The results show that the method based on the duration of the flight phase was able to detect hurdle clearance and identify the leading leg with 100% accuracy. Moreover, by combining the swing phase duration with the orientation of the foot, we achieved, in unipedal configuration, 100% accuracy in hurdle clearance detection, and 99.7% accuracy in the identification of the leading leg. Finally, this study provides statistical evidence that contact time significantly increases, while speed and step frequency significantly decrease with time during 400 m hurdle races.

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Druckenmiller, S., P. Labella, S. DeVore, J. Grifo, B. Hodes-Wertz, and N. Noyes. "A hurdle in the egg freezing race: comparison of donor and autologous oocyte cryopreservation (OC) outcomes." Fertility and Sterility 108, no. 3 (September 2017): e169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.506.

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28

Morioka, Yasunori, Masaaki Sugita, Akihumi Matsuo, Hidetaka Okada, Michiyoshi Ae, and Kando Kobayashi. "Relationship between the features of velocity change in the men's 400-m hurdle race and performance : analysis of the race pattern for world class athletes." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 45, no. 3 (2000): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003397615.

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29

PINCHBECK, G. L., P. D. CLEGG, C. J. PROUDMAN, K. L. MORGAN, and N. P. FRENCH. "Whip use and race progress are associated with horse falls in hurdle and steeplechase racing in the UK." Equine Veterinary Journal 36, no. 5 (January 5, 2010): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/0425164044868387.

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30

Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case-control study to investigate horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish Point-to-Point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190054.

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Horse racing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. There have been limited epidemiological reviews of fall risk specific to point-to-point racing. This study aimed to identify horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls and compare these to published findings for Hurdle and Steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective matched case-control design. Relevant variables were identified, and information was collated for all races in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Cases and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio. Controls (n=2,547) were selected at random from all horses that completed in the same race (n=849). Horse and jockey level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final matched case-control multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process. Horse age was associated with an increased risk of horse falls. For every 1 unit increase in age there was a 1.2 times increased fall risk. The number of races ran within 12 months was associated with a decreased risk of falling. The jockeys previous seasons percentage wins was associated with the risk of horse falls. Jockeys who had 0-4% wins and 5-9% wins had an increase in risk compared to those who had over 20% wins/runs. The jockeys previous seasons percentage of falls (F) or unseating of the rider (UR) was associated with the risk of horse falls with jockeys who had over 20% F/UR having a 50% increased chance of falling compared to those who had 0-4% F/UR. Retrospective analysis of horse and jockey falls has exposed risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. Identification of risk factors is essential when considering future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety.

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De Róiste, Áine, Aiofe Killeen, and Moira Jenkins. "More of a hurdle race than a sprint! Social care research in the field of disabilities: Methodological considerations and challenges." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 21, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v21i1.1369.

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A concise review is presented of some of the common ethical and methodological considerations encountered by researchers in the field of disability. The discussion draws on theory and practice to explore the ‘hurdles’ faced by researchers and how these can be addressed within a broader goal of inclusive research.

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Allen, K., and T. Procter. "Winning margins in British Thoroughbred racehorses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2016): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160010.

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In human sporting events the difference between finishing first and second is often less than 1%. For each sporting discipline it is important to know how large an enhancement of performance needs to be before it makes a difference to the medal winning prospects of that athlete. In contrast to the known winning margins in many human sporting disciplines, the winning margins in horse racing are unknown. The winning margins for group 1, 2 and 3 flat and national hunt races over a 5 year period were calculated. For flat races 3 categories were included: (1) flat races of 6 furlongs; (2) 1 mile; or (3) 1 mile 4 furlongs1. For national hunt 2 categories were included: (1) hurdle races over 2 miles; or (2) chase races over 3 miles. Race times from a total of 416 races were included (275 flat races and 141 national hunt races). Overall the percentage difference between first place and second place was only 0.32%, the difference between coming first and third was 0.75% and between first and fourth was 1.15%. Overall, the winning margins between first place and second place were closer for flat races than for national hunt races. When a 1% improvement was applied to the fourth placed horse this would result in the winning time in 76% of flat races and 50% of national hunt races. This study shows the very small margins between winning and placing in horseracing. These results are similar to those of elite human sporting disciplines. This suggests that training strategies and veterinary interventions that result in a small percentage improvement in performance may translate to a meaningful difference in terms of winning/placing.

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Kamalnath, Akshaya. "Gender Diversity as the Antidote to ‘Groupthink’ on Corporate Boards." Deakin Law Review 22, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2017vol22no1art723.

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Gender diversity on corporate boards has become a point of emphasis, to the exclusion of all other forms of diversity. This paper analyses whether board gender diversity might help boards overcome groupthink (i.e. the failure of board members to consider alternatives to the dominant view when making decisions). This is a significant question because the board is reponsible for governance of the company and groupthink is often cited as a hurdle to effectively performing this role. Thus, the paper first examines the role of the board, board decision-making processes and the problem of groupthink, and subsequently, the potential of gender diversity to overcome groupthink. It concludes that gender diversity on corporate boards might help overcome groupthink so long as the women directors are also independent and bear ‘outsider’ status. However, other forms of diversity like race, education, tenure, professional background etcetera might offer the same benefits and thus should not be overlooked.

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Charan Patel, Bhagwati, Ram Shankar Tripathi, and Naveen Goel. "IoT an Overview: Advantage, Disadvantage and Applications." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 05 (May 6, 2021): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1005.1003.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-known term that has gained massive encouragement over a few years. The future of the human race will be significantly influenced by the application of IoT over the coming years. The Internet is everywhere and touched almost every corner of the globe affecting our lives in previously unimagined ways. As a living entity, the Internet is constantly evolving, and now, an era of widespread connectivity through various smart devices (i.e., things) that connect with the Internet has begun. IoT looks more like an umbrella covering many protocols, technologies, and concepts that depend on specific industries. It will lead to the development of efficient mechanisms with high scalability and interoperability features among the things or objects. IoT is a reality that is progressing day by day, connecting billions of people and things to form a vast global network. IoT has applications in various domains like agriculture, industry, military, and personal spaces. There are potential research challenges and issues in IoT that act as a hurdle in the complete exploration of IoT in real-time implementation.

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de Maleprade, Hélène, Rafid Bendimerad, Christophe Clanet, and David Quéré. "Droplet hurdles race." Applied Physics Letters 118, no. 17 (April 26, 2021): 171601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0043908.

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Boguszewska, Katarzyna, and Dariusz Boguszewski. "The relationship between the general and specific physical fitness of 8- and 9-year-old girls practicing judo." Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 7, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9074.

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[b]Introduction. [/b]So far, the studies on the importance of physical fitness in judo training concerned most often mature sportsmen, who competed on higher levels. This is why the aim of the present research was to determine the relationship between the general physical fitness and the specific fitness of 8- and 9-year old girls. [b]Materials and methods.[/b] 81 girls aged 8 and 9 years participated in the study. To evaluate the level of general fitness, the girls had to complete an obstacle course consisting of the following exercises: passing through the hoop (diameter of 55 cm), a forward roll on a mattress, passing under the hurdle (75 cm), going around the cone and running back (12 m), and then performing all the tasks again. To evaluate the specific physical fitness, a sumo tournament was conducted (with a division on weight categories). [b]Results.[/b] Twelve participants won in the sumo tournament as well as in the obstacle course race. Also twelve girls took the last place in both competitions. A significant negative correlation was observed between the number of the fights won and the time obtained during passing the obstacle course. This indicates that the participants who completed the obstacle course faster won more often in the direct combat as well.[b]Conclusions.[/b] The girls who completed the obstacle course faster also won more often in the direct combat. Therefore, physical fitness should be considered the key factor in sports competition among child novice athletes.

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Kemda, Lionel Establet, and Micheal Murray. "Statistical Modeling of Students’ Academic Performances: A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Higher Education 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n6p153.

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Within students’ attrition studies, it is necessary to assess the longitudinal evolution of students within a given course of study, from enrolment to exit from the university through degree completion and academic dropout. Here, the student's academic progress is monitored through the number of courses failed each semester enrolled. The students’ failure rate and academic behavior typically provide significant insight into students’ exit outcomes from University programs. These programs usually have a maximum time frame required to complete the course. A likelihood-based approach is discussed that conditions on the exit outcome and random effects in adjusting within-subject correlation of longitudinal measurements. Ignoring the number of courses enrolled by a student may produce inadequate results on the actual failure rates. Conditioned on the exit outcomes of the student, we find out that factors such as financial aid, matriculation points, students’ race and course type registered, and gender are distinguishing factors that affect students’ academic performances, for completers and dropouts. Also, being in university-type accommodation (that often have added services such as transportation and internet connections) does not seem to significantly affect the failure rate within both groups of students. In addition, an increase in matriculation points significantly reduces the failure rate independent of the Quintile school of the student. Several count models such as mixed Poisson, mixed Zero Inflation Poisson, mixed Negative Binomial, and mixed Hurdle Poisson models are fitted and compared. In particular, the mixed Poisson model provides a better fit based on the Bayesian Information Criterion and residues analysis.

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Coh, Milan, Milan Zvan, Nejc Boncina, and Stanko Stuhec. "Biomechanical Model of Hurdle Clearance in 100m Hurdle Races: A Case Study." Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education 3, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191001.

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Falbriard, Mathieu, Maurice Mohr, and Kamiar Aminian. "Reply to Comments: Hurdle Clearance Detection and Spatiotemporal Analysis in 400 Meters Hurdles Races Using Shoe-Mounted Magnetic and Inertial Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102993.

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40

Ready, Tinker. "Race for pandemic flu vaccine rife with hurdles." Nature Medicine 10, no. 3 (March 2004): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0304-214a.

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Wilson, G., and C. M. McGowan. "Recovery heart rates as a predictor of race position in race-fit National Hunt racehorses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 5 (December 10, 2019): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180053.

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Prediction of race-fitness using the principles of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption is a potentially valuable applied exercise physiology tool. We hypothesised that horses with a faster heart rate recovery (HRR) after a field test would perform better in their subsequent race. Twenty mature (17 experienced, 3 unraced) National Hunt horses (15 geldings, 5 mares; 6.5±1.1 years; 489±33.5 kg), underwent 34 pre-race 3-interval field exercise tests using telemetric heart rate (HR) and global positioning satellite (GPS) monitoring on a 1,400 m track inclined 32 m. Horses were classified into 3 groups based on post-exercise HRR values obtained 1 minute after peak HR during interval 3 (>140 bpm; unfit; 120-140 bpm; fit-to-race; <120 bpm; fully fit). All horses were from the same yard, under the same management and in their final stage of training (race-ready). Horses were excluded if they were lame or clinically unwell. The outcome measure of finishing in the top third of the field was compared to classification using 2×2 tables (Statcalc, EpiInfo). Peak HR, peak speed and 1 min HRR were 213.4±5.1 bpm, 49.3±1.8 kph and 125.3±15.8 for interval 3. Horses classified as unfit (n=8) did not race. Fully fit and fit-to-race horses competed in 26 jump races (23 hurdles, 3 bumper; 3,200-5,000 m). Fully fit (n=16) horses were more likely to finish in the top 3rd of the field than fit-to-race (n=10) (odds ratio 12.0; 95% confidence interval 1.8-81.7; P=0.01). We conclude that HRR following interval exercise can be used as a predictor of race position in National Hunt racehorses and a useful guide for trainers.

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Meddeb, Aref. "Top ten hurdles on the race towards the Internet of Things." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2013 (November 2013): ICTO 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2013.icto-01.

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Weiler-Sagie, Michal, and Lior Gepstein. "Pressing forward in the hurdles race towards stem cell based therapies." Cell Cycle 8, no. 18 (September 15, 2009): 2865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.18.9725.

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Przednowek, Krzysztof, Krzysztof Wiktorowicz, Tomasz Krzeszowski, and Janusz Iskra. "A web-oriented expert system for planning hurdles race training programmes." Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. 11 (May 30, 2018): 7227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3559-1.

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Mockaitis, Audra I. "The race to EU integration: How many and how high are the hurdles?" Research in International Business and Finance 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2004.12.001.

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González-López, María José, María Carmen Pérez-López, and Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza. "Clearing the Hurdles in the Entrepreneurial Race: The Role of Resilience in Entrepreneurship Education." Academy of Management Learning & Education 18, no. 3 (September 2019): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amle.2016.0377.

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Ivanova, H., and R. Macaulay. "PBI25 THE BIOSIMILAR RACE IN US AND EUROPE: NOT ALL HURDLES ARE CREATED EQUAL." Value in Health 22 (May 2019): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.04.108.

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Panoutsakopoulos, Vassilios, Apostolos S. Theodorou, Mariana C. Kotzamanidou, Efstratios Fragkoulis, Athanasia Smirniotou, and Iraklis A. Kollias. "Gender and event specificity differences in kinematical parameters of a 60 m hurdles race." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 20, no. 4 (June 8, 2020): 668–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1776064.

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Malaney, Victoria K., and Kendra Danowski. "Mixed Foundations: Supporting and Empowering Multiracial Student Organizations." JCSCORE 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 54–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2015.1.2.54-85.

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This paper presents an overview of multiracial student organizing and organizations on college campuses. The authors address common challenges that multiracial student organizations face in higher education, how student affairs staff can challenge institutional practices that perpetuate monoracism, and how to support and empower mixed race students to effectively develop strong leadership skills. Several recommendations for working through political and administrative hurdles are also provided.

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Shibayama, Kazuhito, Kota Kijima, Yasunori Morioka, and Kenichi Sakurai. "The relationship between race pattern and performance of elite 110m hurdlers." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 64, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.18120.

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