Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hurons – Relations avec l'État'
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Brunelle, Patrick. "Un cas de colonialisme canadien : les Hurons de Lorette entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33589.pdf.
Full textTanguay, Jean. "La liberté d'errer et de vaquer : les Hurons de Lorette et l'occupation du territoire, XVIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28449.
Full textGagnon, Mathieu. "Enquête morale sur le mépris envers les premières nations : le programme de conversion des Jésuites en Huronie au 17e siècle et le programme de civilisation britanno-canadien au 19e siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28103/28103.pdf.
Full textCyr, François-Xavier. "Initiative huronne-wendat de création d'une aire protégée : mobilisation des savoirs et affirmation territoriale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27182.
Full textThis study analyzes the Ya’nienhonhndeh protected area project of the Huron-Wendat First Nation. Through the exploration of the production, the circulation and the application of the knowledges associated with this project, I seek to shed light on the constituting dynamics of the relations between the Huron-Wendat and the Quebec state regarding the former’s traditional territory, the Nionwentsïo. This study first aims to expose the Huron-Wendat’s aspirations regarding the future of their traditional territory while documenting the knowledges produced to assert these aspirations. Then, from a cartography built on the circulation of these knowledges, I elucidate the bureaucratic and institutional obstacles blocking the realization of the Huron-Wendat’s aspirations. Finally, based on the observation of the applications made of these knowledges, I broaden my reflection on the power relations existing between the Huron-Wendat First Nation and the Quebec state regarding the Nionwentsïo. Key words : protected area, Huron-Wendat, project, aspirations, First nations, bureaucracy, institutions, power relations, Quebec state
Boutevin, Stéphanie. "La place et les usages de l'écriture chez les Hurons et les Abénakis, 1780-1880." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4302/1/D2242.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Jean-François. "Analyse structurale des relations de pouvoir entre acteurs, le cas des Atikamekw, des Montagnais et des gouvernements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ51273.pdf.
Full textMoretti, Marco. "Le droit international public et les peuples nomades." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0016.
Full textBetween the XVIth and the half of the XIXth century the international legal personality and the sovereignty of nomadic peoples were recognised both by the authors of International Law and by the States in their relationships with those peoples. At this time, the principles of international Law were different from the actual ones and derived from the law of nature. In this context any society endowed with a political organisation was considered as independent and sovereign, without any consideration for the form and the level of development of this organisation. Around the half of the XIXth century, however, naturalists concepts were abandoned and a new positive concept of International Law asserted itself. According to this new concept, International Law resulted exclusively from the principles set up and recognised by the States in their mutual relationships. Therefore, the rights of societies not yet organised in accordance with State's structure were no longer recognized by International Law. At the end of the second world war, as a consequence of the development of the international system of protection of human rights, the collective rights and distinct legal personality of non-State entities like peoples struggling for self-determination, minorities and indigenous peoples, were recognised and affirmed by International Law. Nomadic peoples fitting in one of those three legal categories, are nowadays protected and recognised by international law
Mahdar, Elkbir. "Réactivité à l'état solide en relation avec l'organisation cristalline : application à des composés éther 18-couronne-6 - phénols." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10105.
Full textPlaquin, Héloïse. "Identités culturelles régionales ou autochtones et États unitaires : à la recherche d'une conciliation : les exemples de la Corse en France et du peuple sámi de Norvège." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED011.
Full textThe French republic and the Norwegian realm are both unitary States which constitutions assess the principles of indivisibility and equality. In theory, these constitutional norms conflict with minority claims such as regional or indigenous identity, and also with international laws that recognize a right to internal self-determination, to effective participation as well as specific and collective rights. From the inner side, the French and the Norwegian States have both experimented, during the 1980s, political and cultural conflicts with part of Corsica Island and with indigenous sámi people. Since the eighteenth century, Corsican and sámi people have been exposed to cultural, political and juridical domination from the nation-states. As they became key-actors, they, ever since, claim for legal and institutional adaptations from the French and Norwegian unitary States in order to protect, to maintain and to develop their distinctive cultural identities. In addition, local autonomy, cultural diversity, minorities and indigenous rights set forth in recent norms from the United Nations and the Council of Europe lead all involved States, whatever their form, to engage in a process of internal reforms based on dialogues and concertation with their cultural minorities. French and Norwegian legal reforms about Corsica and sámi identities are pursued according to different framework: one is based on territorial decentralization and the other on internal self-determination. However, in practice and through concertation and pragmatically approach, these reforms create dynamic and accommodated State-frameworks taking into account cultural pluralism, and thus enabling (re)conciliation of the French and the Norwegian unitary States with the corsican and sámi identities
Ortega, José del Carmen. "Le pluralisme juridique et les peuples autochtones." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020003.
Full textIn early XXIth century, aboriginal peoples have the same legal status than any other citizens under the rule of law and, as a supplement, state recognize their customary status. So there is a duplicity of legal status. We analyse four countries : Australia, Canada, Colombia and New Caledonia. The starting print is the collection of rules, institutions and legal mechanisms adopted by the various states. The method is more inductive than deductive : from legal facts regarding aboriginal peoples, we try to conceptualise the characteristics of legal system in multicultural states. Principe on equality articulates customary law with state, or maybe it serves for their captation while aboriginal peoples demand formal equality between customary law and rule of law ; in the other side, they demand a material equality like citizens and affirmative action measures against their inferior conditions of living. Reflection about customary law puts in evidence a kind of evolution to an identitary law which mission could be: to protect cultural identities from their formation, to assure links of communities, to save cultural borders and to regulate the changing identity of individuals. Multicultural states answered to the demands of aboriginal peoples by a duplication of institutions and laws following three models : 1) Political, legal, jurisdictional and administrative autonomies (territorial units, personal status, customary jurisdiction, etc. ) ; 2) Special statutes (contributions, multilinguism, etc. ) ; and 3) Duplicities of law that create legal pluralism situations, in the way proposed by Jacques VANDERLINDEN. A legal pluralism pragmatist and situational is the opposite of systemic approach and concepts of law anthropologists
Guilbeault-Cayer, Émilie. "L'ÉTAT QUÉBÉCOIS ET LA CRISE D'OKA DE 1990 : MUTATIONS DES POLITIQUES EN MATIÈRE DE GESTION DES REVENDICATIONS AMÉRINDIENNES, 1985-2001." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25856/25856.pdf.
Full textSepúlveda, Bastien. "Les Mapuches du Chili : des représentations aux pratiques de l'espace : géographie(s) d'un territoire autochtone." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL014.
Full textBased on the investigation conducted in the mapuche land in Chile, this Ph. D proposes a geographical approach of the indigenous question and its resurgence in the latin-american public sphere. It brings about the different ways of questioning State to which indian leaders claim their ancestral territories. Discourses about territory and its representations are being examinated through the deconstruction of a geographical imaginary rooted in rural and traditional communities idealized as the reproduction place of a frozen culture. Based on the field work carried out in both the rural communities and urban areas towards migration process is going on, this Ph. D demonstrates the gap between proclaimed and experienced territorialities. An explanation can be found in the influence exerted by the State in the ways of conceiving and representing territory in a contemporary colonial context. Finally, this Ph. D attempts to reveal that multiple readings of a same space are working out to set down the bases of a geography of mapuche territory
Bertin, Marie-Claire. "Le statut des peuples autochtones en droit international." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the slow reconstruction of the status of indigeneous peoples in international law. At the beginning of the colonization, colonial powers have recognized the indigeneous peoples' sovereignty in order to justify the colonial process and the territorial acquisitions. Then this sovereignty is progressivly dismantled. Colonization resulted in the disappearance of indegenous peoples from the international sphere and it justified the extinguishment of their sovereignty, the loss of their territories. Indigenous peoples are now recognized in international law. The reconstruction of a legal status is in process. This status enables them to claim the respect of their collective rights, notably their right to self-determination. The United Nations Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples recognizes this right but it is construed by the States as a right to self-government, a domestic right
Gomes, Nathalie. "Segmentarité, territoire et pouvoir : les éleveurs soomaalis face à l'État kenyan." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0216.
Full textDiotto, Maria Soledad. "La politique étrangère de l'état intermédiaire et son analyse comparative : une réflexion conceptuelle illustrée par le cas de Canada et de l'Argentine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27500/27500.pdf.
Full textAuguste, Isabelle. "L'administration des affaires Aborigènes en Australie depuis 1972 : l'autodétermination en question." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_04-auguste-1.pdf.
Full textAustralia has adopted a reformist policy for its Aboriginal population since 1972, advocating the principle of political, socio-economic and cultural self-determination. Equal rights and equal opportunities, synonymous with Australian citizenship, were already claimed at the time of assimilation and are two essential points of the new policies. But the federal administration of Canberra also has to respond to Aboriginals’ demands for the recognition of their inherent rights as First peoples. The granting of land rights, the recognition of Native Title and compensation for injury or lost land, have represented during those years an important part of government action which has also been distinctive in its establishment of new Aboriginal structures specifically for Aborigines. Nevertheless, the fundamental issue of self-determination remains inextricably linked with the Makarrata, the Treaty which will seal the Reconciliation of all Australians
Deschamps, Valérie. "Le statut nutritionnel et les comportements alimentaires de la personne âgée et ses relations avec l'état de santé : bilan et perspectives de l'enquête PAQUID." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28876.
Full textDiet is a major environmental factor, which conditions health of the person throughout her life. Certain nutrients could modify oxidative stress implied in ageing. Objective : To describe the nutritional behavior of the old people, to give a progress report on the factors of risk can generate a food imbalance in this population and thereafter to study relation between diet and evolution of the cognitive performances and the risk of dementia, disability and mortality. Methods : Data provided from PAQUID study. BMI and biological parameters like blood cholesterol, plasmatic vitamins E, A and MDA was used to asses nutritional status. A 3 days record questionnaire and a brief food frequency questionnaire were also used. Subjects were followed between 2 and 8 years. Results : The nutritional behaviors and the nutritional status of the old people vary according to sex, education level, marital statute, appetite and pleasure of eating. The "Food pleasure" (as coffee, tea, chocolate of fruits dry) marks the social aspect of diet because they were associated with a better health at the moment. This relation persists with disability 5 years later. Consumers of tea had better cognitive performances. People who eat fish or seafood at least once a week had a significant decrease of the risk becoming demented or died in the 7 subsequent years. Subjects with low plasmatic level of vitamin E and vitamin A and those with high levels of MDA had an increased risk to develop a dementia. A low HDL-cholesterol rate was associated with a decreased risk of dementia. Our results are in agreement with the theory of oxidative stress in cerebral ageing. This work showed that weight loss could be a consequence of Alzheimer disease process. Conclusion : Diet had an important social role and also can provide anti-oxidant nutrients. Nutritional education and health program seem to be target on high-risk population in terms of nutritional, psychosocial and perhaps genetic factors
Bouquet-Elkaïm, Jérôme. "La construction du droit des peuples autochtones : droit international et pluralisme juridique." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1003.
Full textBédard, Hélène. "Les Montagnais et la réserve de Betsiamites, 1850-1900." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29283.
Full textShields, Norman D. "Anishinabek political alliance in the post-Confederation period, the Grand General Indian Council of Ontario, 1870-1936." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63366.pdf.
Full textNinh, Xuân Thao. "L'État du Viêt-Nam dans ses rapports avec la France (1949-1955) : une autre voie pour l'indépendance du Viêt-Nam." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30037.
Full text“The State of Vietnam” (État du Viêt-Nam) remains a controversial subject among the “shadows” of the modern Vietnam history. After the failure of the 1946-negotiations, Hồ Chí Minh government committed to the military solution against the French, for the independence of Vietnam. On the other camp, Bảo Đại, nationalists and pro-French collaborators were moving towards a peaceful strategy of gaining Independence. With the agreements of March 8, 1949, “the State of Vietnam” was born, led by Chief of State Bảo Đại. This was a political structure associated with France and belong to the French Union. Between March 1949 and October 1955, six Council President (Bảo Đại, Nguyễn Phan Long, Trần Văn Hữu, Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Bửu Lộc, Ngô Đình Diệm) led ten Cabinets to maintain a non-communist nationalist state in the midst of the first Indochina War and the Cold War. The existence of the State of Vietnam facilitated the emergence of Vietnamese nationalism which gave birth to the Republic of Vietnam in October 1955 headed by Ngô Đình Diệm. Its legacy had long-lasting impacts on the fate of the modern Vietnam
Ayala, Aurélio. "La North-West Mounted Police canadienne et ses auxiliaires métis, 1874-1900 : une relation d'interdépendance ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2028/document.
Full textIn 1873, the Canadian government founded the Mounted Police to assert its sovereignty on the Western plains, to prepare Euro-Canadian settlement and to control First Nations and the Metis. This colonial policy triggered the resistance of the Metis, who took up arms in 1885 to defend their territory and political rights. This thesis is based on original sources from the police archives. They reveal the existence of an on-going cooperation of some Metis, from the arrival of the police on indigenous territory in 1874 until the end of the century at least. This thesis aims at understanding why the police hired these Metis during its takeover of the West and the first contacts with Indigenous peoples, as well as throughout the implementation of its colonial mission, even after the Metis uprising of 1885. Through cooperation with the police, the auxiliaries tried to mitigate the negative effects of colonialism by making economic, social and political gains. The auxiliaries provided the police with the social and cultural capital it needed – their knowledge of aboriginal languages, cultures and environment – to implement its missions in an unfamiliar territory. In return, the police provided salaries and supply contracts as well as its own military and judicial help. The police and its auxiliaries relied on each other in this interdependent relationship. This research has shown that the auxiliaries formed socio-familial networks who were loyal to Canada, which helped the police hire trustworthy men. Nevertheless, this cooperation also stems from the auxiliaries’ agency since they shared the economic capital obtained from the police through their social networking practices
Le, Bonniec Fabien. "La fabrication des territoires mapuche au Chili de 1884 à nos jours : communautés, connaissances et État." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0406.
Full textThis thesis explores the conditions that led to the emergence of Mapuche territory from the late 19th century to the present day, through the incorporation of this indigenous population within the Chilean nation. It puts forth the practices of actors who, within different historical and social contexts, helped transform claims to land from Mapuche-Chilean peasnats, into territorial claims in the name of the Mapuche people. The history of the Tolten communities, looked at alongside that of Mapuche organisations and public policy, illustrates the local and global processes of territorial reconstruction, characterized by a metamorphosis of the reducciones, founded in the late 19th century, into socio-political aggregates believed to have disappeared. More than a well-delimitated physical reality, fixed in time and space, Mapuche territory appears as powerful meta-history, which makes it real to a great number of people fighting in its name today. Within the multi-cultural context of Chile, Mapuche territory has become a true battlefield where arrahgements and classifications are concerned, since a great variety of people are invested. Because reflection upon the various stages of this investigative work occupies a central place in this research, this thesis leads us both to comprehend the transformations in the notion of Mapuche territory, and to reflect on how to practice historical and political ethnography concerning social conflicts
Guillaume, Henri. "Du miel au café, de l'ivoire à l'acajou : la colonisation de l'interfluve Sangha-Oubangui et l'évolution des rapports entre chasseurs-collecteurs pygmées Aka et agriculteurs (Sud-Centrafrique, Nord-Congo), 1880-1980." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA076.
Full textMartinat, Françoise. "Les stratégies politiques et juridiques des leaders indigènes de la Colombie et du Venezuela." Lille 2, 2003. http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/16233.
Full textAccepting that indigenous peoples from Colombia and Venezuela have constitutional rights deeply modifies the relations established between the State, the civil society and the indigenous peoples. The relations of domination give now way to a more complex situation between the different actors. This thesis will focus on two aspects. On the one hand, it will prove that the Constitution has become a strategic weapon in the politic and ethnic demands of the natives. On the other hand, it will show how the Constitution is a source of different interpretations which are dynamic though space and time. Focusing on tactics, political and juridical strategies of the different actors, it is now possible to give a new significance to " politics of recognition " (or " politics of difference ") and to the multiculturalism which these are connected with. Recognizing the ethnic and cultural diversity allows us to give a new meaning to the reform process of the State and to the democratic strengthening observed in Colombia and Venezuela
Rocha, Leandro Mendes. "La politique indigeniste au bresil (1930-1967)." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030105.
Full textThis work covers brazilian indian politics from 1930 to 1967. In order to understand governmental action in this respect we place the subject in the context of the general evolution of the country. Thus, the changes that occured from 1930 onwards can be better understood if the beginning of the frontier movement towards the west is considered. This also enables to appreciate the end of the indian protection service and its replacement by a new institution, the indian's national foundation
Capitaine, Brieg. "Autochtonie et modernité : l'expérience des Innus au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0122.
Full textThe concept of modernity is intrinsically based on a break marking the boundary between modern society and the past. Indigenous peoples thus represent a real test case for social scientists who were able to observe in situ the multiple facets of the advent of a world that promised much freedom and progress but also uncertainty and lack of freedom. How do indigenous peoples experience modernity and what meaning do they give to their actions? This thesis is based on the ethnography of two Innu reserves in Quebec, more than thirty semi-structured interviews with actors of both communities, and an analysis of American Indian politics, legal documents and newspaper articles. This thesis focuses on the individuals without neglecting the forms of power that influence them, and explores the tension that indigenous societies experience in the creation of modern societies. While for over thirty years, the Innu fought for freedom and resisted the Canadian state, their actions also contributed to their confinement in a collective identity of victimization. This paradox inherent to the the indigenous movement took not the downfall of the Canadian nation-state, but rather one of the actors in its resurgence. Finally, aside from some political action that has been deemed destructive, certain individuals have taken it upon themselves to create a society that is no longer determined by the rules of the existing social system, but is a product of the identity of those at «the bottom». In conclusion, this thesis explores, through the double analysis of the subjectification by freedom, and of the political action for freedom, the tension that characterizes indigenous modernity
Beaulieu, Alain. "Ne faire qu'un seul peuple? : Iroquois et Français à l'"âge héroïque" de la Nouvelle-France (1600-1660)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23872.
Full textBarbosa, João Mitia Antunha. "Peuples autochtones, connaissances traditionnelles et droits." Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00986331.
Full textThe traditional protection systems of intellectual property demonstrate certain inaptitude when it comes to protecting patrimony and the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Even if it is not meant to resolve the whole issue, the reflection about the sui generis protection systems becomes fundamental. This theme frequently collides with even greater difficulties represented by the ancestry of this patrimony and traditional knowledge, by the fact that it can eventually possess collective ownership and also by the diversity of its locations. Other difficulties relate to the sacred, confidential and even secretive aspects of a significant portion of such knowledge. This patrimony and knowledge are currently protected not only by international Declarations and Conventions, but also by internal legal devices, as it is the case of Brazil, which is the country that this research points its main focus to. Nonetheless, this research allows to ascertain that, although the debate, the legislation and the negotiation process is only beginning, in fact, it indicates the real perspectives of the use of classical instruments of protection of intellectual rights, on the one hand, as well as the use of sui generis systems, as it is currently taking place in certain countries, on the other. Clearly, it is essential to take into consideration the particularities of each situation, and that contracted agreements on the usage or access to such knowledge respond to specific ethical demands, always taking into account the vigilant participation of interested parties and the public bodies which must support complementary policies
Castejon, Vanessa. "Les aborigènes et le système politique australien : marginalisation, revendications politiques, aboriginalité." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030103.
Full textFrom the colonisation of Australia in 1788 until 1967 Aboriginal people were excluded from the Australian political life. Since the 1967 referendum the government has been able to legislate on indigenous issues. Aboriginal people constitute about 2% of the population and they are almost absent from the main Australian political institutions, they are confined to a place determined by the government in the Australian political system. Claims from aboriginal activists are diverted by the government towards its own political choices. In response to claims for self-determination aboriginal governmental institutions were created. They were supposed to participate in the decision-making process but the government controls them and clearly expresses its disagreement when they take initiatives. The government also answered to claims for a treaty by imposing its own priority and its own way of negotiating, that is Reconciliation. Nonetheless, Aboriginal activists and leaders still promote the right to self-determination, the recognition of Aboriginal sovereignty as well as the negotiation of a treaty. Some have found ways to circumvent marginalisation using the political tools imposed by the government. Some try to obtain a betterment of their rights through the creation of protest movements, like the Aboriginal Provisional Government which is threatening to establish an Aboriginal State. Others choose to put pressure on the system via the United Nations authorities. By studying the marginalisation of Aboriginal people in the Australian political system and the responses to this marginalisation, it is possible to note that aboriginal claims for political recognition are linked with a process of definition of identity, a need for recognition of Aboriginal identity (or aboriginality)
Ricard, Jean-François. "Les relations d'un député québécois avec ses commettants et son milieu : le cas Denise Leblanc-Bantey aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25724.pdf.
Full textGobit, Johanna. "Territoire politique et identités autochtones-spatialités en mutation : le cas de la communauté inuit des îles Belcher au Nunavut (Canada)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30029.
Full textOn April, 1st 1999, the creation of a third territory called Nunavut led to a reorganisation of the internal boundaries of Canada. After some 30-year negociations, Nunavut has become a territory with a strong identity, but with no ethnic meaning. The land is peopled up to 85% by Inuit natives who follow their own policy. To understand the way the Inuit have built Nunavut and now experience and dream it on a day-to-day basis, our investigation led us to a conceptual, epistemological and methodological inquiry. We first questioned the research methods that were used by our predecessors and some basic concepts underlying Western geographical notions such as that of "territory". In achieving a form of political territory, the Inuit had to fit their own conception of the territory -based on a cosmogony in which the Earth is the mother of men- to the Western ideological model of territory. By acknowledging the right men have upon the Earth, the Nunavut political territory disrupts the foundations of the inuit sense of place. When they chose to belong to Nunavut, the Inuit community of the Belcher islands turned their back on the social and spatial networks that connected them to Nunavik. They decided instead that their essential spatial identity should be linked to the core territory of Hudson Bay and James Bay. This example shows that the creation of Nunavut led to the expression of a foundational sense of place. This was mainly possible because of the way Inuit leaders negotiated with the Federal, by instilling their own cultural values at each step of the negotiations. Nunavut materializes the adjustment of a territorial model by a native ideology of space
Morin, Maxime. "Le rôle politique des abbés Pierre Maillard, Jean-Louis Le Loutre et François Picquet dans les relations franco-amérindiennes à la fin du Régime français (1734-1763)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26720/26720.pdf.
Full textBascopé, Julio Joaquin. "La colonisation de la Patagonie australe et la Terre de Feu : sources pour une histoire internationale, 1877-1922." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0032.
Full textSheep-farming industry, as a sociological phenomenon, is the main subject of this dissertation. The geographical area under study is Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and the temporary framework is the colonization of these regions. The starting point is the landing of the first sheep in Patagonia in 1877, from the Falkland Islands. Against Chile and Argentina’s nationalist perspective, I show how these landing could be even more decisive in regional history as the installation of national states. To understand the relationship between sheep farming and society, the thesis proposes a serialisation of historical sources. The connection of a variety of documents, from various institutional origins, countries and languages –Italian, Spanish, French and English–, is also an affirmation of a cosmopolitan, rather than national, history of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. By the serial connection of documents, it is problematized, firstly, the activity of colonization agents (states, sheep farms, but also missionaries who arrived with the purpose of protecting native tribes menaced by sheep-farmers). Then, it is established their political situation in the colonial context. Finally, the serialisation of historical sources allows us to observe the sociological fractures that have divided and mobilized colonization activity. The thesis concludes by pointing out that history, thought from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, can not be a point of view, but rather a hub of perspectives
Le, Berre-Semenov Marine. "Renaissantismes et renaissance des peuples du Nord : évolution de la question autochtone en République sakha (Yakoutie) dans le contexte des mutations post-soviétiques." Paris, INALCO, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAL0015.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with the subject of ethnic revival of the Northern peoples, particularly, of the indigenous peoples of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), a vast area endowed with a statute of internal sovereignty in the Russian Federation since 1990, allowing elites of the native groups to defend rights and interests of their peoples, strongly threatened by the crucial changes resulting of the Soviet experiment. The neologism of "revivalism" refers to movements, processes and dynamics expressing the aspiration of sakhas, evenks, evens, dolgans, jukaghirs and chukchis for revival. Occurring in the fields of ideology, politics, identity, culture and social affairs, this revivalism appears as the result of a history made of colonisation, and therefore of economic exploitation, spoliation, forced assimilation, ethnocide, ecocide, etc. In the early nineties, indigenous elites worked out reforms intended to reconstruct lost or declining ethnicity of their ethnic groups or communities, and to revitalize their ancestral cultures (spirituality, ways of life, social and family relations, vernacular languages, etc. ). These reforms and projects of reforms were accompanied by a production of multiform discourses destined to restore lost self-confidence and pride of the natives, and to reconstitute the broken mirror of their identities. This study is based on the comparison of several ethnic and ethnoregional backgrounds, and thus of several dynamics of revival or "revivalisms", analyzed at different levels of the Yakutian society : macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial. Confrontation of ideological, political and legal aspects with the reality, the expectations and the representations of concerned populations in the social, cultural and identity fields, was used to evaluate the efficiency and the repercussions of these revivalisms, subordinate otherwise to overall unfavourable economic and political processes
Brownlie, Robin. "A fatherly eye, two Indian agents on Georgian Bay, 1918-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27779.pdf.
Full textFortin, Julie. "La dynamique de communication entre Hydro-Québec et les Innus dans le cadre du projet de la Romaine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25312.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the dynamics of the communication between Hydro-Québec and Innu communities within the hydroelectric dam project on the Romaine River. It deals with Innu participation during the impact assessments, public hearings, negotiations leading to the signature of Impacts on Benefits and Agreements, and funds management within joint societies composed of Innu and Hydro-Québec representatives. At every step of the project, some power resources enhance Innu participation while others prevent it. These resources are material, informational and relational ones (Lemieux, 2001). Innu participation within La Romaine project is measured on Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation (1969). The results show that Innu participation is less important during the consultation activities and more important within the joint societies. Moreover, funding of community projects and jobs creation contribute to Innu empowerment, but in a limited and unfair way for each community.
Roosen, Sylvie. "Des "Plaines des Promesses" aux solitudes du "bush" (Nord-Est australien) : affirmations identitaires dans une région vide d'hommes." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040197.
Full textEven though the multiculturalism of the Australian urban society diffused overseas, the bicultural aspect of the bush is often forgotten : the Australian bush is whether Aboriginal, whether non-Aboriginal. .
Jacob, Théo. "De la conservation en Amazonie : norme environnementale et démocratie territoriale à l’heure du « Faire mieux avec moins ». La Guyane française et l'État brésilien de l'Amapá entre tensions et normalisations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH074/document.
Full textIn Amazonia, nature conservation is oriented towards governing men. In the name of biodiversity, marginalized population are being monitored on peripheral territories. Initially designed as tools of restriction, protected areas now go together with decentralisation. Their new goals for local democracy and economic development participate of a globalized evolution of public administration, from « sovereignty » to « governmentality». By comparing French and Brazilian processes of State reforms, this thesis first explores how environmental norm, by imparting a scientific power to the diversity and subsidiarity principles, is prompting a liberal reshuffle in states that were historically centralized. Updating a « self government » myth, the Environment is shaping a new « social contract », in the form of a territorialized moral governance project that strives to counterbalance inequalities through community federation. Secondly, an historical study of large protected areas shows how conservation complements state redeployment. In Amapá and French Guyana, it comes after sovereign function strategies maintained on a distant Amazonia, switching between paternalistic attitude and delegation of authority to local elite groups. On these « abnormal » territories, where natural resources articulate strong financial interests, conservation institutions are trying to reconcile different legitimacies. In bringing together local communities, public officials and economic players, administrators organise spaces of state governance that go along with regional autonomy. These concertation places are aiming to restrain the development of social and political gaps, in creating new mobilities on the territories. Finally, a compared ethnography of role plays, enlistment strategies, and emerging conflicts, shows the securitarian origin of these mechanisms for these central States. Environmental protection justifies a frugal type of governance, by multiplying counter powers and surveillance entrenchments between stakeholders of a common space. When inciting the emergence of a new « civil society » in barely administered back lands, this creates new rivalries and spreads managing rationale of responsibility. If an analysis of subjectification reveals that « adaptable coercion » compel political and economical powers to adjust strategies, it also demonstrates its difficulty to satisfy « state request » originating from local population. Comparability of Guyanese and Amapaense experiences therefore questions the evolution of the « French model », which is each time more dependant of a « proactive citizenship », that only the most privileged parts of the territories can see emerge
Na Amazônia, a conservação da natureza contribui para governar os homens : em nome da biodiversidade, as populações marginalizadas são gerenciadas em territórios periféricos. Inicialmente concebidas enquanto ferramentas de proibição, as áreas protegidas acompanham hoje o processo de descentralização. As novas missões de democracia local e de desenvolvimento econômico participam de uma mesma evolução da administração pública, que vai de uma lógica de “soberania” ao registro da “governamentalidade”.Pela comparação franco-brasileira dos processos de reforma do Estado, a tese mostra em um primeiro momento como a norma ambiental, conferindo força científica aos princípios de diversidade e subsidiariedade, incita a “recomposição liberal” em Estados historicamente centralizados. Atualizando um mito de self-government, o meio ambiente delineia um novo “contrato social” : um projeto de governança moral, territorializada, contrabalançando as desigualdades pela federação comunitária. Num secundo tempo, o estudo histórico de grandes áreas protegidas mostra como a conservação vem apoiando a reforma do Estado. No Amapá, como na Guiana francesa, ela sucede às estratégias de manutenção da soberania sobre uma Amazônia afastada, alternando a tutela paternalista e sua delegação às elites locais. Nesses territórios « anormais », onde as riquezas naturais estruturam fortes interesses econômicos, as instituições de conservação da biodiversidade tentam reconciliar diferentes legitimidades. Reunindo comunidades locais, representantes públicos e atores econômicos, seus gestores animam espaços de governança que acompanham o empoderamento regional. Esses espaços tentam regular o desenvolvimento das disparidades sociais e políticas, estimulando novas mobilidades nos territórios. Enfim, a etnografia comparada dos jogos de atores, das técnicas de governo e dos conflitos emergentes, revela a natureza securitária desses dispositivos colocados em cena pelos Estados centrais. A proteção do meio ambiente justifica um sistema de governo frugal, multiplicando os contrapoderes e o encaixe das vigilâncias entre os atores de um mesmo espaço. Estimulando a emergência de uma “sociedade civil” em áreas sub-administradas, cria-se novas concorrências e difunde-se uma racionalidade gerencial de responsabilização. Se a análise das subjetivações mostra que essas “coerções flexíveis” obrigam as forças político-econômicas a adaptar suas estratégias, revela também a dificuldade desses dispositivos em satisfazer as demandas da população. A comparabilidade das experiências guianensas e amapaenses questiona então a evolução do “modelo Francês”, cada vez mais dependente de uma “cidadania proativa”, que só as partes mais privilegiadas dos territórios veem emergir
Gélinas, Claude. "Les autochtones et la présence occidentale en Haute-Mauricie, Québec, 1760-1910." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0010/NQ39748.pdf.
Full textLachapelle, Marise, and Marise Lachapelle. "La négociation d'un parcours d'intégration : expériences postsecondaires d'Inuit du Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27650.
Full textCette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de l’éducation postsecondaire des autochtones, plus spécifiquement des Inuit du Nunavik. Située dans le champ de l’anthropologie de l’éducation, elle documente l’expérience d’intégration des Nunavimmiut (habitants du Nunavik) dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires au Québec. Elle porte une attention particulière à l’expérience collégiale, car cette étape, spécifique à la province, fait suite aux études secondaires et est antérieure à l’université. Elle examine plus particulièrement la place qui est faite aux Inuit dans le système d’éducation postsecondaire québécois. En s’intéressant aux négociations quotidiennes qu’effectuent les étudiants inuit, elle discute des expériences et des pratiques dont les registres ne tiennent pas compte. Celles-ci sont tout aussi déterminantes sur les résultats scolaires, sinon davantage, en plus d’être révélatrices des obstacles rencontrés par ces étudiants. En trame de fond, la méconnaissance des Québécois à l’égard des Inuit vient soutenir la pertinence de s’affranchir d’une approche d’intégration vers l’inclusion scolaire. Il semble y avoir consensus entre le gouvernement québécois et les organisations inuit sur l’importance d’augmenter la participation des Inuit aux études postsecondaires. Cependant, les options offertes aux Nunavimmiut participent à leur marginalisation sociale. Même si l’importance d’adapter l’éducation scolaire aux cultures autochtones en y intégrant leurs langues, leurs histoires, leurs revendications, leurs représentations du monde et leurs savoir-faire, est reconnue, bien peu de changements se constatent. Certes, l’intégration favorise la mise en place de stratégies compensatoires afin de permettre aux Inuit de participer à cette éducation standardisée reflétant la société québécoise, mais dans ce processus, le système d’éducation n’est pas remis en question. Dans une discussion entre intégration et inclusion, cette thèse soutient que malgré les mesures proposées par le gouvernement du Québec et le service aux étudiants du postsecondaire de la commission scolaire Kativik pour favoriser l’intégration des Nunavimmiut dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires et dans les programmes, cette approche maintient la prédominance de l’éducation occidentale. Dans ce contexte, il y a peu de place pour être inuit, car ces dernières doivent s’adapter à cette trajectoire normalisée. Cependant, l’inclusion scolaire, dont les bienfaits sont reconnus par de nombreux chercheurs, semble représenter une voie prometteuse pour enfin accorder une valeur comparable aux Inuit en matière d’éducation postsecondaire et soutenir la décolonisation de l’éducation qu’attendent les Inuit et les Premières Nations du Québec.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
Depelteau, Julie. "Nitaskinan, territoire : analyse des discours des représentants politiques des Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok et des gouvernements coloniaux, 1973-2004." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39368.
Full textCiavolella, Riccardo. "Le pouvoir aux marges : les Fulaabe et l' État mauritanien." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship of some pastoral Fulani (FulaaBe) with the Mauritanian State, referring to a 13-months fieldwork in the capital city and a southern region (border with Mali). Living in the margins of state control, the FulaaBe have been incorporated into the state only in the '80s. This allows to understand how the historical trajectory of the group and the state-building process cross. Thus, the study focuses on two dynamics : on one hand, the construction of social and political marginality by logics of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship ("ethnic"persecutions of 1989, "autochtony" discourses, elitism and governance); and on the other, marginal citizens' strategies and tactics to cope with their condition (informal practices, political imaginaries, urban-rural relationships, associations, political criticism)
Bocco, Riccardo. "Etat et tribus bédouines en Jordanie, 1920-1990 : les Huwaytat : territoire, changement économique, identité politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0011.
Full textUntil the beginning of the peace process, Bedouin identity, tribal values and allegiances have been used by the king and the palace elites - including those ones of Palestinian origin - both to counteract Israeli denials of a "national identity" on the east bank, and as an instrument to prevent the subversion of an established order shaken by the rise of Arab socialism or the PLO in the past, or by islamic fundamentalism more recently. However, the Bedouin tribes are far from controlling the state system: during the past decades they have been economically and politically marginalized. Largely dependent on the state, today the Bedouin are much less privileged than the stereotypes on Jordan make scholars believe. By focusing on the Huwaytat, the most important Bedouin tribe of Southern Jordan, the thesis presents the historical ties that have linked the Bedouins to the Hashemites, analyses the process of state-building and its impact on the tribes. After having described the territorial formation of the Hashemite kingdom during the mandate period, through the delimitation of boundaries, the definition of tribes'nationality and the strategies of control over them, the study analyses the development programmes in the steppes, the process of nomads'settlement and the marginalisation of the pastoral economy. The study of the electoral laws from 1929 to 1986 and the parliamentary elections of 1989 in the southern Bedouin constituency allow for focusing on political competition at the local and at the national level, as well as on the process of tribal elites reproduction
Lehtinen, Terhi. "Nation à la marge de l'Etat : la construction identaire du Mouvement Culturel Amazigh dans l'espace national marocain et au-delà des frontières étatiques." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0133.
Full textBahida, Abderrahmane. "Le sud marocain et les Français : 1912-1930." Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20029.
Full textThe south of Morocco was the last place with strong resistance that had a real position against the penetration of the army and its colonisation. In fact, although the French army had reached and colonised some places there, in Morocco, the south organised itself to resist in spite of its inferiority in number and quality its equipment. And, if there were not the air force army and the politics actions there to opposided and to devide the population, the south people could get more resistance for a longer time and braked the process of invasion of the French plog. So, we asked our selves about the movement of resistance of the south. We started to think the means of it and how it had been seen. If, we locked at the archives of French army, we’ll realised that for them, the resistance of the south was only a movement of villains and foreigner of the low; but they were not brigands nor rebeliouses. They were really the people that defended their territory their owns. They were the real aspiration of the population which had been founded in clears bases
Bernard, Virginie. "Quand l'Etat se mêle de la "tradition" : la lutte des Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien pour leur reconnaissance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH053.
Full textThis thesis seeks to account for the responses that the Noongar Aborigines from the South West of Western Australia display to the discourses of "tradition" and "modernity" that are built within institutions and by state actors, with whom they interact and to which they are in turn confronted. The study of these discourses, the conditions of their production and their effects makes it possible to consider the concepts of “tradition” and “modernity” as means of action and social techniques mobilised to eliminate cultural difference in the implementation of a “common becoming”.The Australian state produces its own antagonistic definitions of “tradition” and “modernity”, categories thought to be mutually exclusive. In some contexts, Noongars are expected to be “traditional”, while in others they must be “modern”. The Noongars are thus caught in a contradiction: they tend towards “modernity” to remain “traditional” and, conversely, they are kept in their “traditions” when they have to show “modernity”. In their various attempts to integrate into the Australian nation, while retaining their specificities, the Noongars are redefining their “cultural identity”. For this, they appropriate, challenge, negotiate the image of the Aboriginality presented to them and shape their own contemporary identity, without radically opposing the national myth of Aboriginality.By analysing the various processes by which the Noongar Aborigines claim their recognition and attempt to acquire a degree of sovereignty within a nation-state, this thesis enriches reflections on Indigeneity as a political and contingent category. It is about addressing indigenous issues as discursive realities that need to be analysed in the particular ethnographic contexts in which they are produced and articulated
Drapeau, Thierry. "Expérimenter l'économie mondiale : ethnographie sociopolitique de la nation Secwepemc de l'époque pré-coloniale au néolibéralisme global." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25269/25269.pdf.
Full textValderrama, González Maria Isabel. "Limites de la gobernanza en territorio indigena : representaciones y discursos alrededor del ordenamiento territorial en Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01472501.
Full textThis research examines the obstacles related to the implementation of a governance system in an indigenous Colombian territory. The case of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, in the heart of diverging interests, makes it both difficult to reconcile the antagonist viiews about territory and territorial development, and balance of power between the government, companies and the indigenous peoples. This situation undermines the effective participation of the lmatter in spaces of negotiation especially since, even though the government presents itself as a form of articulation and institutional coordinator, it does not take into account the different value systems. Furthermore, whereas territorial governance favors diverse interests, the indigenous people demand the autonomy of their territory
Loranger-Saindon, Arianne. "Médias, Innus et Allochtones. L'image des Premières Nations dans les journaux de la Côte-Nord et ses effets sur les rapports interethniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19521.
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