Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hurricane Ike, 2008

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hurricane Ike, 2008'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hurricane Ike, 2008"

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Brown, Daniel P., John L. Beven, James L. Franklin, and Eric S. Blake. "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008*." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 1975–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr3174.1.

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Abstract The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized and the year’s tropical cyclones are described. Sixteen named storms formed in 2008. Of these, eight became hurricanes with five of them strengthening into major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale). There was also one tropical depression that did not attain tropical storm strength. These totals are above the long-term means of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The 2008 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones produced significant impacts from the Greater Antilles to the Turks and Caicos Islands as well as along portions of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Paloma hit Cuba, as did Tropical Storm Fay. Haiti was hit by Gustav and adversely affected by heavy rains from Fay, Ike, and Hanna. Paloma struck the Cayman Islands as a major hurricane, while Omar was a major hurricane when it passed near the northern Leeward Islands. Six consecutive cyclones hit the United States, including Hurricanes Dolly, Gustav, and Ike. The death toll from the Atlantic tropical cyclones is approximately 750. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2008 is also presented. Official track forecasts set records for accuracy at all lead times from 12 to 120 h, and forecast skill was also at record levels for all lead times. Official intensity forecast errors in 2008 were below the previous 5-yr mean errors and set records at 72–120 h.
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Wang, Fugui, and Eurico J. D’Sa. "Potential of MODIS EVI in Identifying Hurricane Disturbance to Coastal Vegetation in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Remote Sensing 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2010001.

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Frequent hurricane landfalls along the northern Gulf of Mexico, in addition to causing immediate damage to vegetation, also have long term effects on coastal ecosystem structure and function. This study investigated the utility of using time series enhanced vegetation index (EVI) imagery composited in MODIS product MOD13Q1 for assessing hurricane damage to vegetation and its recovery. Vegetation in four US coastal states disturbed by five hurricanes between 2002 and 2008 were explored by change imagery derived from pre- and post-hurricane EVI data. Interpretation of the EVI changes within months and between years distinguished a clear disturbance pattern caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, and a recovering trend of the vegetation between 2005 and 2008, particularly within the 100 km coastal zone. However, for Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Lili, the disturbance pattern which varied by the change imagery were not noticeable in some images due to lighter vegetation damage. The EVI pre- and post-hurricane differences between two adjacent years and around one month after hurricane disturbance provided the most likely damage area and patterns. The study also revealed that as hurricanes damaged vegetation in some coastal areas, strong precipitation associated with these storms may benefit growth of vegetation in other areas. Overall, the study illustrated that the MODIS product could be employed to detect severe hurricane damage to vegetation, monitor vegetation recovery dynamics, and assess benefits of hurricanes to vegetation.
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Bender, Christopher J., Jane M. Smith, and Andrew Kennedy. "HURRICANE IKE (2008) NEARSHORE WAVES: SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.31.

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Hurricane Ike (2008) caused extensive damage and many deaths across portions of the Caribbean and along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. After reaching peak intensity over the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Hurricane Ike, with its associated storm surge, then caused extensive damage across parts of the northwestern Gulf Coast when it made landfall in the late hours of September 12th along the upper Texas coast at the upper end of Category 2 intensity. An extensive instrumentation effort allowed the collection of both nearshore and inland wave and water level data as Hurricane Ike passed by the Louisiana and Texas coasts. This paper presents the results of a validation effort for the STWAVE model and the bottom friction coefficients applied in the model with comparisons to the Hurricane Ike measured wave data. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured nearshore wave data for an open water Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficient equal to 0.03 s/m0.33. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured inshore wave data with Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficients equal to values derived from land classification data and applied in the ADCIRC model.
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Zane, David F., Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn, John Hellsten, Ryan Beal, Crystal Beasley, Tracy Haywood, Dana Wiltz-Beckham, and Amy F. Wolkin. "Tracking Deaths Related to Hurricane Ike, Texas, 2008." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 1 (March 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.8.

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ABSTRACTBackground: On September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike, a category 2 storm with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph, made landfall near Galveston, Texas. Ike produced a damaging, destructive, and deadly storm surge across the upper Texas and southwestern Louisiana coasts. Thirty-four Texas counties were declared disaster areas by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; 15 counties were under mandatory evacuation orders. To describe causes of death associated with this hurricane and identify prevention strategies during the response and recovery phases, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) monitored mortality data in 44 counties throughout the state. This report summarizes Ike-related deaths reported by Texas medical examiners, justices of the peace (coroners), forensic centers, public health officials, and hospitals.Methods: Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) disaster-related mortality surveillance form, DSHS developed a state-specific 1-page form and collected (optimally daily) data on demographic, date and place of death, and cause and circumstance of deaths. A case was defined as any death that was directly or indirectly related to Ike among evacuees, residents, nonresidents, or rescue personnel in the declared disaster counties, counties along the Texas Gulf coast or counties known to have evacuation shelters occurring September 8, 2008, through October 13, 2008. Analyzed data were shared with the state emergency operation center and the CDC on a daily basis.Results: The surveillance identified 74 deaths in Texas as directly (10 [14%]), indirectly (49 [66%]), or possibly (15 [20%]) related to Ike. The majority of deaths (n = 57) were reported by medical examiners. Deaths occurred in 16 counties of the 44 counties covered by the surveillance. The majority of deaths occurred in Harris and Galveston (28 [38%] and 17 [23%]), respectively. The deceased ranged in age from younger than 1 year to 85 years, with an average age of 46 years (median 50 years); 70% were male. Of the 74 deaths, 47 (64%) resulted from injuries, 23 (31%) from illnesses, and 4 (5%) were undetermined. Among the injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning (13 [18%]) and drowning (8 [11%]) were the leading causes of injury-related deaths. Cardiovascular failure (12 [16%]) was the leading cause of illness-related deaths.Conclusions: Defining the relation of death to hurricane using an active mortality surveillance system is possible. The active mortality surveillance form used in Ike provided valuable daily information to DSHS, state emergency management officials, and the CDC regarding the characteristics of deaths in the state. Most of the Ike-related deaths were caused by injury (direct and indirectly related) such as carbon monoxide poisonings and drowning and may have been preventable by educating the public.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:23-28)
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Staudhammer, Christina, Francisco Escobedo, Alicia Lawrence, Mary Duryea, Pete Smith, and Mickey Merritt. "Rapid Assessment of Change and Hurricane Impacts to Houston’s Urban Forest Structure." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.009.

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A subsample of 332, 0.06-hectare plots measured during 2001–2002 in Houston, TX, U.S., were relocated and measured in 2008 following Hurricane Ike. These 37 re-measured plots provide a unique opportunity to explore the effects of urbanization and hurricanes on the forest structure of coastal urban forests. Statistical analyses of growth, mortality, and in-growth were conducted using plot- and tree-level factors. In total, 305 trees were re-measured, of which 195 (63.9%) still remained on-site and 110 (36.1%) had been removed. Ninety-seven (31.8%) of these trees were determined to be removed due to urbanization and 13 trees (4.3%) were removed due to hurricane impacts. Results show an overall annual net loss in tree numbers and an increase in tree density during the analysis period. Average annual mortality and in-growth rates were 3.9% and 5.3%, respectively. Growth rates were significantly influenced by land cover type, tree stem diameter, crown width, and percent dieback (P < 0.05). Overall, Hurricane Ike resulted in the removal of 4.3% of all trees measured, with removal occurring on six (16%) of the 37 re-measured plots. These initial findings could be used to understand changes in forest structure in coastal urban areas, improve estimates of carbon sequestration, and develop management goals.
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Forrester, Mathias B. "Impact of Hurricane Ike on Texas Poison Center Calls." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 3 (October 2009): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181b66c2a.

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ABSTRACTOn September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall in Texas, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of 8 counties before landfall and the declaration of disaster areas in 29 counties afterward. This study evaluated whether Hurricane Ike affected the pattern of Texas poison center calls. Texas poison center calls received from the disaster area counties were identified for 3 time periods: August 12 to September 10, 2008 (preevacuation), September 11 to 13, 2008 (evacuation and hurricane landfall), and September 14 to 30, 2008 (postevacuation). For selected types of calls, the mean daily call volume during time periods 2 and 3 was compared with a baseline range (BR) derived from the mean daily call volume during time period 1. During the evacuation and landfall period, gasoline exposure calls were higher than expected (mean 3, BR −1 to 2). During the postevacuation period, higher than expected numbers of calls were observed for gasoline exposures (mean 5, BR −1 to 2) and carbon monoxide exposures (mean 3, BR –1–1). During an evacuation, certain calls such as those involving gasoline exposures may increase. After a hurricane, calls such as those involving carbon monoxide and gasoline exposures may increase. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:151–157)
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Rogers, Spencer, Lauren Rosul, Casey Dietrich, Andrew Kennedy, and Matthew Peterman. "SMALL BUILDING PERFORMANCE IN HURRICANE IKE ON THE BOLIVAR PENINSULA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.32.

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Hurricane Ike made landfall on the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast on September 13, 2008 over the Galveston Bay Entrance in Texas (Edge, 2013). The Bolivar Peninsula is a barrier island/peninsula on the east side of the Entrance that received peak overland storm surge and wave heights in the right front quadrant of the hurricane. Prior to the storm Bolivar had been developed with 6000+ buildings, primarily low-density, single-family houses elevated on piling foundations. Over 2000 buildings were destroyed during the storm.
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Morss, Rebecca E., and Mary H. Hayden. "Storm Surge and “Certain Death”: Interviews with Texas Coastal Residents following Hurricane Ike." Weather, Climate, and Society 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010wcas1041.1.

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Abstract Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas, on 13 September 2008 as a large category 2 storm that generated significant storm surge and flooding. This article presents findings from an empirical case study of Texas coastal residents’ perceptions of hurricane risk, protective decision making, and opinions of hurricane forecasts related to Hurricane Ike. The results are based on data from interviews with 49 residents affected by Hurricane Ike, conducted approximately five weeks after landfall. While most interviewees were aware that Ike was potentially dangerous, many were surprised by how much coastal flooding the hurricane caused and the resulting damage. For many—even long-time residents—Ike was a learning experience. As the hurricane approached, interviewees and their households made complex, evolving preparation and evacuation decisions. Although evacuation orders were an important consideration for some interviewees, many obtained information about Ike frequently from multiple sources to evaluate their own risk and make protective decisions. Given the storm surge and damage Ike caused, a number of interviewees believed that Ike’s classification on the Saffir–Simpson scale did not adequately communicate the risk Ike posed. The “certain death” statement issued by the National Weather Service helped convince several interviewees to evacuate. However, others had strong negative opinions of the statement that may negatively influence their interpretation of and response to future warnings. As these findings indicate, empirical studies of how intended audiences obtain, interpret, and use hurricane forecasts and warnings provide valuable knowledge that can help design more effective ways to convey hurricane risk.
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Ruggiero, Kenneth J., Kirstin Gros, Jenna L. McCauley, Heidi S. Resnick, Mark Morgan, Dean G. Kilpatrick, Wendy Muzzy, and Ron Acierno. "Mental Health Outcomes Among Adults in Galveston and Chambers Counties After Hurricane Ike." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.7.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the mental health effects of Hurricane Ike, the third costliest hurricane in US history, which devastated the upper Texas coast in September 2008.Method: Structured telephone interviews assessing immediate effects of Hurricane Ike (damage, loss, displacement) and mental health diagnoses were administered via random digit-dial methods to a household probability sample of 255 Hurricane Ike–affected adults in Galveston and Chambers counties.Results: Three-fourths of respondents evacuated the area because of Hurricane Ike and nearly 40% were displaced for at least one week. Postdisaster mental health prevalence estimates were 5.9% for posttraumatic stress disorder, 4.5% for major depressive episode, and 9.3% for generalized anxiety disorder. Bivariate analyses suggested that peritraumatic indicators of hurricane exposure severity—such as lack of adequate clean clothing, electricity, food, money, transportation, or water for at least one week—were most consistently associated with mental health problems.Conclusions: The significant contribution of factors such as loss of housing, financial means, clothing, food, and water to the development and/or maintenance of negative mental health consequences highlights the importance of systemic postdisaster intervention resources targeted to meet basic needs in the postdisaster period.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:26–32)
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Komaromi, William A., Sharanya J. Majumdar, and Eric D. Rappin. "Diagnosing Initial Condition Sensitivity of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008)." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 3224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05018.1.

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Abstract The response of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model predictions of two tropical cyclones to perturbations in the initial conditions is investigated. Local perturbations to the vorticity field in the synoptic environment are created in features considered subjectively to be of importance to the track forecast. The rebalanced analysis is then integrated forward and compared with an unperturbed “control” simulation possessing similar errors to those in the corresponding operational model forecasts. In the first case, Typhoon Sinlaku (2008), the premature recurvature in the control simulation is found to be corrected by a variety of initial perturbations; in particular, the weakening of an upper-level low directly to its north, and the weakening of a remote short-wave trough in the midlatitude storm track. It is suggested that one or both of the short waves may have been initialized too strongly. In the second case, the forecasts for Hurricane Ike (2008) initialized 4 days prior to its landfall in Texas were not sensitive to most remote perturbations. The primary corrections to the track of Ike arose from a weakening of a midlevel ridge directly to its north, and the strengthening of a short-wave trough in the midlatitudes. For both storms, the targets selected by the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) were often, but not always, consistent with the most sensitive regions found in this study. Overall, the results can be used to retrospectively diagnose features in which the initial conditions require improvement, in order to improve forecasts of tropical cyclone track.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hurricane Ike, 2008"

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Komaromi, William Anthony. "Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008)." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61.

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This thesis seeks to identify locations in which errors in numerical model initial conditions may compromise skill in tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts. Two major TCs that made landfall in 2008 are analyzed: Hurricane Ike and Typhoon Sinlaku. In order to examine the sensitivity of the TC to selected synoptic features, a vorticity perturbation technique is developed. Within a chosen radius and atmospheric depth, the vorticity is amplified or decreased, followed by a re-balancing of the fields. The following questions are proposed: (1) How does the TC track vary with respect to initial perturbations of differing amplitude, spatial scale and distance to the storm? (2) How does the evolving perturbation act to modify the synoptic environment surrounding the TC, and thereby the track? (3) Is it best to follow an objective technique to determine the sensitive areas, or is it better to use a subjective method based on fundamental synoptic reasoning? Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the ?control? simulation for each TC is found to replicate forecast errors evident in the operational global models. For Sinlaku, this includes a premature recurvature in the forecast. For Ike, this comprises a landfall too far south along the Texas coast due to no recurvature being forecast. The size, magnitude and location of vorticity perturbations to the control analysis are chosen subjectively. For Sinlaku, these locations include a large mid-latitude shortwave trough around 3000 km to the north-northwest, a smaller upper-level shortwave immediately to the north, a low-level monsoon trough to the west-southwest, a weak tropical storm to the northeast, and a local perturbation in the immediate environment. It is found that WRF forecasts of Sinlaku exhibit high sensitivity, with large modifications to its track arising from the perturbation of each selected targets in the synoptic environment. The greatest improvement in the track forecast occurs by weakening the vorticity associated with each of two shortwaves to the north of Sinlaku, suggesting that either or both of the shortwaves may have been initialized too strongly in the model analysis, thereby contributing to an erroneous recurvature. For Ike, the perturbation locations include a large mid-latitude shortwave trough 2500 km to its north, an upper-level cutoff low to the east-northeast, a low-level shortwave trough to the northwest, a tropical storm in the East Pacific, and a local perturbation in the immediate environment. In contrast to Sinlaku, the perturbation of synoptic targets around Ike produces less sensitivity, likely due to the fact that Ike is not in a position of imminent recurvature. The only perturbation that leads to an accurate 4-day forecast of recurvature and landfall in North Texas is the strengthening of the large mid-latitude shortwave trough, suggesting that the shortwave may have been initialized too weakly in the operational models. Finally, a comparison of targets selected objectively by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) versus the above subjectively-chosen targets suggests that while the ETKF effectively indicates similar target regions to those selected subjectively, it may be less effective in ranking the relative sensitivities of those targets. Overall, it is found that the TC track is more sensitive to perturbations of larger amplitude and spatial scale, and less so to the distance between the perturbation and the TC, and sensitivity is confined to specific regions of the flow. The perturbation methodology employed here may be used to offer suggestions of locations in which extra high-density satellite data may be assimilated.
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Gordon, Ronald Walter. "Impact of Assimilating Airborne Doppler Radar Winds on the Inner-Core Structure and Intensity of Hurricane Ike (2008)." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/276.

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Accurate prediction of Tropical Cyclones (TC) is vital for the protection of life and property in areas that are prone to their destructive forces. While significant improvements have been made in forecasting TC track, intensity remains a challenge. It is hypothesized that accurate TC intensity forecast requires, among other things, an adequate initial description of their inner-core region. Therefore, there must be reliable observations of the inner-core area of the TC and effective data assimilation (DA) methods to ingest these data into the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. However, these requirements are seldom met at the relatively low resolution of operational global prediction models and the lack of routine observations assimilated in the TC inner-core. This study tests the impacts of assimilating inner-core Airborne Doppler Radar (ADR) winds on the initial structure and subsequent intensity forecast of Hurricane Ike (2008). The 4-dimensional variational (4DVar) and the 3-dimensional variational (3DVar) methods are used to perform DA while the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to perform forecasts. It is found that assimilating data helps to initialize a more realistic inner-core structure using both DA methods. Additionally, the resulting short-term and long-term intensity forecasts are more accurate when data is assimilated versus cases when there is no DA. Additionally, it is found that in some cases the impact of DA lasts up to 12 hours longer with 4DVar versus 3DVar. It is shown that this is because the flow-dependent 4DVar method produces more dynamically and balanced analysis increments compared to the static and isotropic increments of 3DVar. However, the impact of using both methods is minimal in the long-range. The analyses show that at longer forecast range the dynamics of hurricane Ike was influenced more by outer environment features than the inner-core winds.
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Barth, Laura J. Stone Sara J. "Two of a kind comparing photographic media coverage for Hurricanes Katrina and Ike /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5360.

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Books on the topic "Hurricane Ike, 2008"

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Bedient, Philip B. Lessons from Hurricane Ike. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2012.

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Ober, Brian. The storm of 2008. [Dickinson, Tex.]: B. Ober, 2008.

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Hurricane Ike: A survivor's chronological and contemplative narration of the great storm of galveston, 2008. Denver, Colo: Outskirts Press, Inc., 2009.

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Leigh, Jones. Infinite monster: Courage, hope, and resurrection in the face of one of America's largest hurricanes. Dallas, Tex: PenlandScott Publishers, 2010.

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Hell or high water: How Cajun fortitude withstood hurricanes Rita and Ike. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press, 2012.

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Edge, Billy L., and Lesley Ewing. Hurricane Ike field investigations: A report of field operations from October 3-6, 2008. Reston, Virginia: The American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013.

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Andrew, Sansom, ed. After Ike: Aerial views from the no-fly zone. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2009.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. A year later: Lessons learned, progress made, and challenges that remain from Hurricane Ike : hearing before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, September 25, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2013.

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After action: A review of the combined federal state, and local activities to respond and recover from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike : hearing before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, September 23, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana: Building performance observations, recommendations, and technical guidance ; with contributions from the American Institute of Architects ... [et al.]. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, FEMA, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hurricane Ike, 2008"

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Puskar, Frank J. "Learnings from the Performance of Fixed Steel Structures in Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes." In Ageing and Life Extension of Offshore Facilities, 46–55. ASME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.885789_ch4.

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Starting in 1992 with Hurricane Andrew, thousands of fixed steel structures located in the Gulf of Mexico were subjected to seven major hurricanes ending with Hurricane Ike in 2008. While most structures survived with little or no damage, hundreds of structures were severely damaged and over 250 structures were destroyed. Since all of the manned structures were evacuated in advance of the hurricanes and operations shut-in, there were no lives lost and no major environmental issues. The offshore structures industry responded with multiple comprehensive studies and updated guidance documents addressing everything from metocean conditions, jacket structures, topsides structures, drilling rigs and masts, pre- and post-hurricane planning and other associated issues. The efforts involved API, government regulators, academia as well as individual operator initiatives. This paper discusses these hurricanes and structures, looking at the types of damage and destruction, including issues such as wave-in-deck (WID), and then what went right and what went wrong. Several types of above and below water repairs related to integrity management are discussed including how some repairs installed after the first few hurricanes performed in subsequent hurricanes. Comparisons between hindcast hurricane wave conditions are described including global metocean loading compared to structure performance (survived, damaged, destroyed). Associated updates to API guidance are discussed including ongoing efforts to update the code calibration work performed at that time to some of the latest findings on metocean loading.
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"The Texas Experience with 2008’s Hurricanes Dolly and Ike." In Coming Home after Disaster, 123–38. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315404264-20.

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Schaefer, Douglas. "Watershed Hydrological and Chemical Responses to Precipitation Variability in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0017.

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Variations in temperature and precipitation are both components of climate variability. Based on coral growth rates measured near Puerto Rico, the Caribbean was 2–3ºC cooler during the “Little Ice Age” during the seventeenth century (Winter et al. 2000). At the millennial scale, temperature variations in tropical regions have been inferred to have substantial biological effects (such as speciation and extinction), but not at the multidecadal timescales considered here. My focus is on precipitation variability in particular, because climate models examining effects of increased greenhouse gases suggest greater changes in precipitation than in temperature patterns in tropical regions. Some correspondence between both the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and average temperatures and total annual precipitation have been reported for the LTER site at Luquillo (Greenland 1999; Greenland and Kittel 2002), but those studies did not refer to extreme events. Based on climate records for Puerto Rico since 1914, Malmgren et al. (1997) found small increases in air temperature during El Niño years and somewhat greater total rainfall during the positive phase of the NAO. Similar to ENSO, the NAO index is characterized by differences in sea-level atmospheric pressure, in this case based on measurements in Iceland and Portugal (Walker and Bliss 1932). Its effects on climate have largely been described in terms of temperature and precipitation anomalies in countries bordering the North Atlantic (e.g., Hurrell 1995). Puerto Rico is in the North Atlantic hurricane zone, and hurricanes clearly play a major role in precipitation variability. The association between extreme rainfall events and hurricanes is discussed in detail in this chapter. I examine the degree to which extreme rainfall events are associated with hurricanes and other tropical storms. I discuss whether the occurrence of these extreme events has changed through time in Puerto Rico or can be linked to the recurrent patterns of the ENSO or the NAO. I examine the 25-year daily precipitation record for the Luquillo LTER site, the 90-year monthly record from the nearest site to Luquillo with such a long record, Fajardo, and those of the two other Puerto Rico stations with the longest daily precipitation records, Manati and Mayaguez (figure 8.1).
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Ramillien, Guillaume, and Lucía Seoane. "Continental Water Storage Changes Sensed by GRACE Satellite Gravimetry." In Geodetic Sciences - Theory, Applications and Recent Developments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96109.

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Since its launch in March 2002, the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been mapping the time variations of the Earth’s gravity field with a precision of 2–3 cm in terms of geoid height at the surface resolution of 300–400 km. The unprecedented precision of this twin satellite system enables to detect tiny changes of gravity that are due to the water mass variations inside the fluid envelops of our planet. Once they are corrected from known gravitational contributions of the atmosphere and the oceans, the monthly and (bi)weekly GRACE solutions reveal the continental water storage redistributions, and mainly the dominant seasonal cycle in the largest drainage river basins such as Amazon, Congo, Mississippi. The potential differences measured between the twin GRACE satellites represent the sum of integrated surface waters (lakes and rivers), soil moisture, snow, ice and groundwater. Once they are inverted for estimating surface water mass densities, GRACE solutions are also used to establish the long-term mass balance of the ice sheets impacted by global warming, for quantifying the interannual variations of the major aquifers, as well as for surveying the hydrological signatures of intense meteorological events lasting a few days such as tropical hurricanes. This chapter describes GRACE gravity products and the different data processings used for mapping continental water storage variations, it also presents the most remarkable results concerning global continental hydrology and climate changes.
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Ding, Amy Wenxuan. "Situation Awareness through Feature Recognition." In Social Computing in Homeland Security, 74–101. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-228-2.ch006.

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To help establish response plans for protecting U.S. homeland security, a standardized set of scenarios that can function as a “common operating picture” has been developed under the leadership of the U.S. Homeland Security Council (HSC) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS), according to The New York Times (Lipton, 2005). The 15 developed scenarios help identify critical capabilities and procedures for response, define operational parameters for layer response capabilities, establish a foundation for resource decisions, and pave the way to identify needed technology enhancements. To ensure that emergency planning is adequate, each scenario generally reflects suspected terrorist capabilities and known tradecraft. Of the 15 scenarios, 12 refer to human-made intentional terror attacks, and 3 pertain to catastrophic natural disasters (i.e., influenza pandemic, magnitude 7.2 earthquake in a major city, and slow-moving category 5 hurricane hitting a major East Coast city). Of the 12 human-made terror attacks, 8 are biological or chemical strikes, including the release of a Sarin nerve agent in an office building, spraying aerosolized anthrax over five cities in two weeks, and spreading pneumonic plague in the bathrooms of an airport, sports arena, and train station. Two scenarios involve the use of nuclear and radiological dispersion devices in a large metropolitan area or regionally significant cities, and one suggests an explosion using improvised explosive devices. The scenarios also include a cyber attack that affects several parts of the nation’s finance infrastructure. Biologically or chemically related threats clearly have prompted heightened concern; an attack involving biological or chemical contagious pathogens, if it were to occur, would cause tremendous damage to the public.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hurricane Ike, 2008"

1

Moore, Samantha, Andrew Atkinson, Mariel Gonzalez, Vincent Ochoa, Romeo Rubiano, Jovahn Quiroz, Stefany Salinas, Andres Cardenas, and Elizabeth A. Heise. "A DECADE OF DUNES: EFFECTS OF HURRICANE IKE CIRCA 2008." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280764.

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Sharma, Partha, Kim Mo̸rk, Vigleik Hansen, Celso Raposo, and Srinivas Vishnubhotla. "Robustness of an SCR in Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Conditions." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21103.

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Recent hurricanes in Gulf of Mexico, most notably Ivan (2004), Katrina & Rita (2005), Ike (2008), were more severe than the local 100 year extremes in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). As a result API has issued an interim metocean bulletin, API Bulletin 2INT-MET [1]. Concurrently, API also issued API Bulletin 2INT-EX [2] for assessment of existing offshore structures for hurricane conditions. API Bulletin 2INT-EX recommends a robustness check to evaluate floating structure critical components including production and export risers. The robustness check for risers as a minimum should consider the capacity and ductility of the key riser components. This paper investigates the robustness of a steel catenary riser (SCR) suspended from a deepwater tension leg platform (TLP) unit in Central GoM. The robustness assessment is performed for the 1000 year Central GoM hurricane conditions provided in API 2INT-MET. Time domain coupled analysis using the program DeepC is performed to determine the TLP motions and the associated loading on the SCR. SCR strength capacity checks are performed as per the methods outlined in new ISO 13628-12 [3].
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3

Cardone, Vincent J., and Andrew T. Cox. "SS: Metocean: Comprehensive Hindcast of Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/20533-ms.

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Forbes, Cristina, Rick Luettich, and Craig Mattocks. "Storm Surge Simulations of Hurricane Ike (2008): Its Impact in Louisiana and Texas." In 11th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41121(388)41.

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Stokoe, K. H., J. S. Lee, B. H. Nam, B. R. Cox, and E. Oshinski. "INVESTIGATIONS OF GALVESTON AIRPORT PAVEMENTS AFTER HURRICANE IKE IN 2008 AND LIQUEFACTION SITES IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AFTER THE NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE IN 2010." In Proceedings of the 3rd and 5th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814365161_0025.

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6

Rijken, Oriol, and Adam Bangs. "Wave Measurements at Eastern Green Canyon During Hurricane Ike." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79802.

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Wave measurements were obtained at an Eastern Green Canyon location during hurricane Ike in September 2009. The eye of the hurricane passed approximately 68 nautical miles to the South West of the measurement location. The significant wave height was above 30 ft for about 20 hours and above 40 ft for about 5.5 hours. The wave time series provide an insight into the wave field as the storm approaches and leaves the location. One of the interesting features observed was that there were repetitive sequences, where each sequence consisted of a period of increased wave energy followed by periods of reduced wave energy. Each sequence lasted approximately one hour. Measured wave crest, wave trough and wave height distributions are discussed. One unique wave event was observed. This event was characterized by a predictably-sized crest followed by a very deep trough.
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7

Steimle, Eric T., Robin R. Murphy, Michael Lindemuth, and Micheal L. Hall. "Unmanned marine vehicle use at Hurricanes Wilma and Ike." In OCEANS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422201.

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Sheers, S. "Finding cold wakes of hurricanes Gustav, Hanna, and Ike (August – September, 2008) and Katrina (August 2005) using three-day composites of Sea Surface Temperature from TRMM's TMI." In 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2009.5292917.

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Korobkin, Mitsuko, Eurico D'Sa, and Dong S. Ko. "Satellite observations and NCOM assessment of the Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas coast following hurricanes Gustav and Ike." In OCEANS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422213.

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Murray, John, and Chunqun Ji. "Spar Technology for Arctic Region Challenges." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67415.

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Arctic deepwater regions present special criteria for platform designs. These criteria include the ability to resist local and global loads from ice in addition to the loads conveyed by waves, wind and current. In some cases, a platform has to be moved to avoid contact with ice. This paper addresses the technical feasibility of a Spar design that can be disconnected from its mooring and riser system and towed out of the path of an encroaching iceberg. The paper also examines motions of the hull and load in the mooring lines in extreme loading conditions. The hull and mooring are sized for 100-year hurricane conditions in the North Atlantic region. Estimates of pack ice loading are compared to the responses and results show that the maximum mooring loads are governed by 100-year hurricane conditions and not the ice conditions. The paper presents conceptual design for quick release mooring and riser systems and preliminary dimension analyses of various components are provided.
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