Journal articles: 'Hurricane Ike, 2008'

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Brown, Daniel P., John L. Beven, James L. Franklin, and Eric S. Blake. "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008*." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 1975–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr3174.1.

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Abstract The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized and the year’s tropical cyclones are described. Sixteen named storms formed in 2008. Of these, eight became hurricanes with five of them strengthening into major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale). There was also one tropical depression that did not attain tropical storm strength. These totals are above the long-term means of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The 2008 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones produced significant impacts from the Greater Antilles to the Turks and Caicos Islands as well as along portions of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Paloma hit Cuba, as did Tropical Storm Fay. Haiti was hit by Gustav and adversely affected by heavy rains from Fay, Ike, and Hanna. Paloma struck the Cayman Islands as a major hurricane, while Omar was a major hurricane when it passed near the northern Leeward Islands. Six consecutive cyclones hit the United States, including Hurricanes Dolly, Gustav, and Ike. The death toll from the Atlantic tropical cyclones is approximately 750. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2008 is also presented. Official track forecasts set records for accuracy at all lead times from 12 to 120 h, and forecast skill was also at record levels for all lead times. Official intensity forecast errors in 2008 were below the previous 5-yr mean errors and set records at 72–120 h.

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Wang, Fugui, and Eurico J. D’Sa. "Potential of MODIS EVI in Identifying Hurricane Disturbance to Coastal Vegetation in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Remote Sensing 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2010001.

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Frequent hurricane landfalls along the northern Gulf of Mexico, in addition to causing immediate damage to vegetation, also have long term effects on coastal ecosystem structure and function. This study investigated the utility of using time series enhanced vegetation index (EVI) imagery composited in MODIS product MOD13Q1 for assessing hurricane damage to vegetation and its recovery. Vegetation in four US coastal states disturbed by five hurricanes between 2002 and 2008 were explored by change imagery derived from pre- and post-hurricane EVI data. Interpretation of the EVI changes within months and between years distinguished a clear disturbance pattern caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, and a recovering trend of the vegetation between 2005 and 2008, particularly within the 100 km coastal zone. However, for Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Lili, the disturbance pattern which varied by the change imagery were not noticeable in some images due to lighter vegetation damage. The EVI pre- and post-hurricane differences between two adjacent years and around one month after hurricane disturbance provided the most likely damage area and patterns. The study also revealed that as hurricanes damaged vegetation in some coastal areas, strong precipitation associated with these storms may benefit growth of vegetation in other areas. Overall, the study illustrated that the MODIS product could be employed to detect severe hurricane damage to vegetation, monitor vegetation recovery dynamics, and assess benefits of hurricanes to vegetation.

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Bender, Christopher J., Jane M. Smith, and Andrew Kennedy. "HURRICANE IKE (2008) NEARSHORE WAVES: SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.31.

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Hurricane Ike (2008) caused extensive damage and many deaths across portions of the Caribbean and along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. After reaching peak intensity over the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Hurricane Ike, with its associated storm surge, then caused extensive damage across parts of the northwestern Gulf Coast when it made landfall in the late hours of September 12th along the upper Texas coast at the upper end of Category 2 intensity. An extensive instrumentation effort allowed the collection of both nearshore and inland wave and water level data as Hurricane Ike passed by the Louisiana and Texas coasts. This paper presents the results of a validation effort for the STWAVE model and the bottom friction coefficients applied in the model with comparisons to the Hurricane Ike measured wave data. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured nearshore wave data for an open water Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficient equal to 0.03 s/m0.33. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured inshore wave data with Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficients equal to values derived from land classification data and applied in the ADCIRC model.

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Zane, David F., Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn, John Hellsten, Ryan Beal, Crystal Beasley, Tracy Haywood, Dana Wiltz-Beckham, and Amy F. Wolkin. "Tracking Deaths Related to Hurricane Ike, Texas, 2008." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 1 (March 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.8.

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ABSTRACTBackground: On September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike, a category 2 storm with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph, made landfall near Galveston, Texas. Ike produced a damaging, destructive, and deadly storm surge across the upper Texas and southwestern Louisiana coasts. Thirty-four Texas counties were declared disaster areas by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; 15 counties were under mandatory evacuation orders. To describe causes of death associated with this hurricane and identify prevention strategies during the response and recovery phases, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) monitored mortality data in 44 counties throughout the state. This report summarizes Ike-related deaths reported by Texas medical examiners, justices of the peace (coroners), forensic centers, public health officials, and hospitals.Methods: Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) disaster-related mortality surveillance form, DSHS developed a state-specific 1-page form and collected (optimally daily) data on demographic, date and place of death, and cause and circumstance of deaths. A case was defined as any death that was directly or indirectly related to Ike among evacuees, residents, nonresidents, or rescue personnel in the declared disaster counties, counties along the Texas Gulf coast or counties known to have evacuation shelters occurring September 8, 2008, through October 13, 2008. Analyzed data were shared with the state emergency operation center and the CDC on a daily basis.Results: The surveillance identified 74 deaths in Texas as directly (10 [14%]), indirectly (49 [66%]), or possibly (15 [20%]) related to Ike. The majority of deaths (n = 57) were reported by medical examiners. Deaths occurred in 16 counties of the 44 counties covered by the surveillance. The majority of deaths occurred in Harris and Galveston (28 [38%] and 17 [23%]), respectively. The deceased ranged in age from younger than 1 year to 85 years, with an average age of 46 years (median 50 years); 70% were male. Of the 74 deaths, 47 (64%) resulted from injuries, 23 (31%) from illnesses, and 4 (5%) were undetermined. Among the injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning (13 [18%]) and drowning (8 [11%]) were the leading causes of injury-related deaths. Cardiovascular failure (12 [16%]) was the leading cause of illness-related deaths.Conclusions: Defining the relation of death to hurricane using an active mortality surveillance system is possible. The active mortality surveillance form used in Ike provided valuable daily information to DSHS, state emergency management officials, and the CDC regarding the characteristics of deaths in the state. Most of the Ike-related deaths were caused by injury (direct and indirectly related) such as carbon monoxide poisonings and drowning and may have been preventable by educating the public.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:23-28)

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Staudhammer, Christina, Francisco Escobedo, Alicia Lawrence, Mary Duryea, Pete Smith, and Mickey Merritt. "Rapid Assessment of Change and Hurricane Impacts to Houston’s Urban Forest Structure." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.009.

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A subsample of 332, 0.06-hectare plots measured during 2001–2002 in Houston, TX, U.S., were relocated and measured in 2008 following Hurricane Ike. These 37 re-measured plots provide a unique opportunity to explore the effects of urbanization and hurricanes on the forest structure of coastal urban forests. Statistical analyses of growth, mortality, and in-growth were conducted using plot- and tree-level factors. In total, 305 trees were re-measured, of which 195 (63.9%) still remained on-site and 110 (36.1%) had been removed. Ninety-seven (31.8%) of these trees were determined to be removed due to urbanization and 13 trees (4.3%) were removed due to hurricane impacts. Results show an overall annual net loss in tree numbers and an increase in tree density during the analysis period. Average annual mortality and in-growth rates were 3.9% and 5.3%, respectively. Growth rates were significantly influenced by land cover type, tree stem diameter, crown width, and percent dieback (P < 0.05). Overall, Hurricane Ike resulted in the removal of 4.3% of all trees measured, with removal occurring on six (16%) of the 37 re-measured plots. These initial findings could be used to understand changes in forest structure in coastal urban areas, improve estimates of carbon sequestration, and develop management goals.

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Forrester, Mathias B. "Impact of Hurricane Ike on Texas Poison Center Calls." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 3 (October 2009): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181b66c2a.

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ABSTRACTOn September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall in Texas, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of 8 counties before landfall and the declaration of disaster areas in 29 counties afterward. This study evaluated whether Hurricane Ike affected the pattern of Texas poison center calls. Texas poison center calls received from the disaster area counties were identified for 3 time periods: August 12 to September 10, 2008 (preevacuation), September 11 to 13, 2008 (evacuation and hurricane landfall), and September 14 to 30, 2008 (postevacuation). For selected types of calls, the mean daily call volume during time periods 2 and 3 was compared with a baseline range (BR) derived from the mean daily call volume during time period 1. During the evacuation and landfall period, gasoline exposure calls were higher than expected (mean 3, BR −1 to 2). During the postevacuation period, higher than expected numbers of calls were observed for gasoline exposures (mean 5, BR −1 to 2) and carbon monoxide exposures (mean 3, BR –1–1). During an evacuation, certain calls such as those involving gasoline exposures may increase. After a hurricane, calls such as those involving carbon monoxide and gasoline exposures may increase. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:151–157)

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Rogers, Spencer, Lauren Rosul, Casey Dietrich, Andrew Kennedy, and Matthew Peterman. "SMALL BUILDING PERFORMANCE IN HURRICANE IKE ON THE BOLIVAR PENINSULA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.32.

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Hurricane Ike made landfall on the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast on September 13, 2008 over the Galveston Bay Entrance in Texas (Edge, 2013). The Bolivar Peninsula is a barrier island/peninsula on the east side of the Entrance that received peak overland storm surge and wave heights in the right front quadrant of the hurricane. Prior to the storm Bolivar had been developed with 6000+ buildings, primarily low-density, single-family houses elevated on piling foundations. Over 2000 buildings were destroyed during the storm.

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Morss, Rebecca E., and Mary H. Hayden. "Storm Surge and “Certain Death”: Interviews with Texas Coastal Residents following Hurricane Ike." Weather, Climate, and Society 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010wcas1041.1.

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Abstract Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas, on 13 September 2008 as a large category 2 storm that generated significant storm surge and flooding. This article presents findings from an empirical case study of Texas coastal residents’ perceptions of hurricane risk, protective decision making, and opinions of hurricane forecasts related to Hurricane Ike. The results are based on data from interviews with 49 residents affected by Hurricane Ike, conducted approximately five weeks after landfall. While most interviewees were aware that Ike was potentially dangerous, many were surprised by how much coastal flooding the hurricane caused and the resulting damage. For many—even long-time residents—Ike was a learning experience. As the hurricane approached, interviewees and their households made complex, evolving preparation and evacuation decisions. Although evacuation orders were an important consideration for some interviewees, many obtained information about Ike frequently from multiple sources to evaluate their own risk and make protective decisions. Given the storm surge and damage Ike caused, a number of interviewees believed that Ike’s classification on the Saffir–Simpson scale did not adequately communicate the risk Ike posed. The “certain death” statement issued by the National Weather Service helped convince several interviewees to evacuate. However, others had strong negative opinions of the statement that may negatively influence their interpretation of and response to future warnings. As these findings indicate, empirical studies of how intended audiences obtain, interpret, and use hurricane forecasts and warnings provide valuable knowledge that can help design more effective ways to convey hurricane risk.

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Ruggiero, Kenneth J., Kirstin Gros, Jenna L. McCauley, Heidi S. Resnick, Mark Morgan, Dean G. Kilpatrick, Wendy Muzzy, and Ron Acierno. "Mental Health Outcomes Among Adults in Galveston and Chambers Counties After Hurricane Ike." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.7.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the mental health effects of Hurricane Ike, the third costliest hurricane in US history, which devastated the upper Texas coast in September 2008.Method: Structured telephone interviews assessing immediate effects of Hurricane Ike (damage, loss, displacement) and mental health diagnoses were administered via random digit-dial methods to a household probability sample of 255 Hurricane Ike–affected adults in Galveston and Chambers counties.Results: Three-fourths of respondents evacuated the area because of Hurricane Ike and nearly 40% were displaced for at least one week. Postdisaster mental health prevalence estimates were 5.9% for posttraumatic stress disorder, 4.5% for major depressive episode, and 9.3% for generalized anxiety disorder. Bivariate analyses suggested that peritraumatic indicators of hurricane exposure severity—such as lack of adequate clean clothing, electricity, food, money, transportation, or water for at least one week—were most consistently associated with mental health problems.Conclusions: The significant contribution of factors such as loss of housing, financial means, clothing, food, and water to the development and/or maintenance of negative mental health consequences highlights the importance of systemic postdisaster intervention resources targeted to meet basic needs in the postdisaster period.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:26–32)

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Komaromi, William A., Sharanya J. Majumdar, and Eric D. Rappin. "Diagnosing Initial Condition Sensitivity of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008)." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 3224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05018.1.

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Abstract The response of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model predictions of two tropical cyclones to perturbations in the initial conditions is investigated. Local perturbations to the vorticity field in the synoptic environment are created in features considered subjectively to be of importance to the track forecast. The rebalanced analysis is then integrated forward and compared with an unperturbed “control” simulation possessing similar errors to those in the corresponding operational model forecasts. In the first case, Typhoon Sinlaku (2008), the premature recurvature in the control simulation is found to be corrected by a variety of initial perturbations; in particular, the weakening of an upper-level low directly to its north, and the weakening of a remote short-wave trough in the midlatitude storm track. It is suggested that one or both of the short waves may have been initialized too strongly. In the second case, the forecasts for Hurricane Ike (2008) initialized 4 days prior to its landfall in Texas were not sensitive to most remote perturbations. The primary corrections to the track of Ike arose from a weakening of a midlevel ridge directly to its north, and the strengthening of a short-wave trough in the midlatitudes. For both storms, the targets selected by the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) were often, but not always, consistent with the most sensitive regions found in this study. Overall, the results can be used to retrospectively diagnose features in which the initial conditions require improvement, in order to improve forecasts of tropical cyclone track.

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Zachry, Brian C., John L. Schroeder, Andrew B. Kennedy, Joannes J. Westerink, Chris W. Letchford, and Mark E. Hope. "A Case Study of Nearshore Drag Coefficient Behavior during Hurricane Ike (2008)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 9 (September 2013): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0321.1.

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AbstractOver the past decade, numerous field campaigns and laboratory experiments have examined air–sea momentum exchange in the deep ocean. These studies have changed the understanding of drag coefficient behavior in hurricane force winds, with a general consensus that a limiting value is reached. Near the shore, wave conditions are markedly different than in deep water because of wave shoaling and breaking processes, but only very limited data exist to assess drag coefficient behavior. Yet, knowledge of the wind stress in this region is critical for storm surge forecasting, evaluating the low-level wind field across the coastal transition zone, and informing the wind load standard along the hurricane-prone coastline. During Hurricane Ike (2008), a Texas Tech University StickNet platform obtained wind measurements in marine exposure with a fetch across the Houston ship channel. These data were used to estimate drag coefficient dependence on wind speed. Wave conditions in the ship channel and surge level at the StickNet location were simulated using the Simulating Waves Nearshore Model coupled to the Advanced Circulation Model. The simulated waves were indicative of a fetch-limited condition with maximum significant wave heights reaching 1.5 m and peak periods of 4 s. A maximum surge depth of 0.6 m inundated the StickNet. Similar to deep water studies, findings indicate that the drag coefficient reaches a limiting value at wind speeds near hurricane force. However, at wind speeds below hurricane force, the drag coefficient is higher than that of deep water datasets, particularly at the slowest wind speeds.

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Klotzbach, Philip J., Michael M. Bell, Steven G. Bowen, Ethan J. Gibney, Kenneth R. Knapp, and Carl J. Schreck. "Surface Pressure a More Skillful Predictor of Normalized Hurricane Damage than Maximum Sustained Wind." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): E830—E846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0062.1.

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Abstract Atlantic hurricane seasons have a long history of causing significant financial impacts, with Harvey, Irma, Maria, Florence, and Michael combining to incur more than 345 billion USD in direct economic damage during 2017–2018. While Michael’s damage was primarily wind and storm surge-driven, Florence’s and Harvey’s damage was predominantly rainfall and inland flood-driven. Several revised scales have been proposed to replace the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), which currently only categorizes the hurricane wind threat, while not explicitly handling the totality of storm impacts including storm surge and rainfall. However, most of these newly-proposed scales are not easily calculated in real-time, nor can they be reliably calculated historically. In particular, they depend on storm wind radii, which remain very uncertain. Herein, we analyze the relationship between normalized historical damage caused by continental United States (CONUS) landfalling hurricanes from 1900–2018 with both maximum sustained wind speed (Vmax) and minimum sea level pressure (MSLP). We show that MSLP is a more skillful predictor of normalized damage than Vmax, with a significantly higher rank correlation between normalized damage and MSLP (rrank = 0.77) than between normalized damage and Vmax (rrank = 0.66) for all CONUS landfalling hurricanes. MSLP has served as a much better predictor of hurricane damage in recent years than Vmax, with large hurricanes such as Ike (2008) and Sandy (2012) causing much more damage than anticipated from their SSHWS ranking. MSLP is also a more accurately-measured quantity than is Vmax, making it an ideal quantity for evaluating a hurricane’s potential damage.

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Shen, Feifei, Jinzhong Min, Hong Li, Dongmei Xu, Aiqing Shu, Danhua Zhai, Yakai Guo, and Lixin Song. "Applications of Radar Data Assimilation with Hydrometeor Control Variables within the WRFDA on the Prediction of Landfalling Hurricane IKE (2008)." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070853.

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The impact of assimilating radar radial velocity and reflectivity on the analyses and forecast of Hurricane IKE is investigated within the framework of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model and its three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation system, including the hydrometeor control variables. Hurricane IKE in the year 2008 was chosen as the study case. It was found that assimilating radar data is able to effectively improve the small-scale information of the hurricane vortex area in the model background. Radar data assimilation experiments yield significant cyclonic wind increments in the inner-core area of the hurricane, enhancing the intensity of the hurricane in the model background. On the other hand, by extending the traditional control variables to include the hydrometeor control variables, the assimilation of radar reflectivity can effectively adjust the water vapor and hydrometeors of the background, further improving the track and intensity forecast of the hurricane. The precipitation forecast skill is also enhanced to some extent with the radar data assimilation, especially with the extended hydrometeor control variables.

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Irish, Jennifer Linnea, Celso Ferreira, Francisco Olivera, Ikpoto Udoh, Youn Kyung Song, and Kunag-An Chang. "RAPID PROBABILISTIC HURRICANE SURGE AND DAMAGE FORECASTING USING SURGE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.20.

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In this paper, a joint probability approach is used with scaling laws for hurricane surge to rapidly develop probabilistic based hurricane surge and damage forecasts. The method presented is demonstrated along the Texas, USA coastline for Hurricane Ike, which made landfall in September of 2008. The probabilistic approach presented here is both accurate and fast, with a single surge and percent damage forecast taking less than one minute while representing more than 170,000 distinct hurricane possibilities.

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Choudhary, Ekta, David F. Zane, Crystal Beasley, Russell Jones, Araceli Rey, Rebecca S. Noe, Colleen Martin, Amy F. Wolkin, and Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn. "Evaluation of Active Mortality Surveillance System Data for Monitoring Hurricane-Related Deaths—Texas, 2008." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 4 (July 17, 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000957.

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AbstractIntroductionThe Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) implemented an active mortality surveillance system to enumerate and characterize hurricane-related deaths during Hurricane Ike in 2008. This surveillance system used established guidelines and case definitions to categorize deaths as directly, indirectly, and possibly related to Hurricane Ike.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate Texas DSHS' active mortality surveillance system using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) surveillance system evaluation guidelines.MethodsUsing CDC's Updated Guidelines for Surveillance System Evaluation, the active mortality surveillance system of the Texas DSHS was evaluated. Data from the active mortality surveillance system were compared with Texas vital statistics data for the same time period to estimate the completeness of reported disaster-related deaths.ResultsFrom September 8 through October 13, 2008, medical examiners (MEs) and Justices of the Peace (JPs) in 44 affected counties reported deaths daily by using a one-page, standardized mortality form. The active mortality surveillance system identified 74 hurricane-related deaths, whereas a review of vital statistics data revealed only four deaths that were hurricane-related. The average time of reporting a death by active mortality surveillance and vital statistics was 14 days and 16 days, respectively.ConclusionsTexas's active mortality surveillance system successfully identified hurricane-related deaths. Evaluation of the active mortality surveillance system suggested that it is necessary to collect detailed and representative mortality data during a hurricane because vital statistics do not capture sufficient information to identify whether deaths are hurricane-related. The results from this evaluation will help improve active mortality surveillance during hurricanes which, in turn, will enhance preparedness and response plans and identify public health interventions to reduce future hurricane-related mortality rates.Choudhary E, Zane DF, Beasley C, Jones R, Rey A, Noe RS, Martin C, Wolkin AF, Bayleyegn TM. Evaluation of active mortality surveillance system data for monitoring hurricane-related deaths, Texas, 2008. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-6.

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Zhang, Fuqing, and Yonghui Weng. "Predicting Hurricane Intensity and Associated Hazards: A Five-Year Real-Time Forecast Experiment with Assimilation of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00231.1.

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Abstract Performance in the prediction of hurricane intensity and associated hazards has been evaluated for a newly developed convection-permitting forecast system that uses ensemble data assimilation techniques to ingest high-resolution airborne radar observations from the inner core. This system performed well for three of the ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes: Ike (2008), Irene (2011), and Sandy (2012). Four to five days before these storms made landfall, the system produced good deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of not only track and intensity, but also of the spatial distributions of surface wind and rainfall. Averaged over all 102 applicable cases that have inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations during 2008–2012, the system reduced the day-2-to-day-4 intensity forecast errors by 25%–28% compared to the corresponding National Hurricane Center’s official forecasts (which have seen little or no decrease in intensity forecast errors over the past two decades). Empowered by sufficient computing resources, advances in both deterministic and probabilistic hurricane prediction will enable emergency management officials, the private sector, and the general public to make more informed decisions that minimize the losses of life and property.

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Wang, Xuguang. "Application of the WRF Hybrid ETKF–3DVAR Data Assimilation System for Hurricane Track Forecasts." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 868–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05058.1.

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Abstract A hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)–three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system developed for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) was studied for the forecasts of the tracks of two major hurricanes, Ike and Gustav, in 2008 over the Gulf of Mexico. The impacts of the flow-dependent ensemble covariance generated by the ETKF were revealed by comparing the forecasts, analyses, and analysis increments generated by the hybrid data assimilation method with those generated by the 3DVAR that used the static background covariance. The root-mean-square errors of the track forecasts by the hybrid data assimilation (DA) method were smaller than those by the 3DVAR for both Ike and Gustav. Experiments showed that such improvements were due to the use of the flow-dependent covariance provided by the ETKF ensemble in the hybrid DA system. Detailed diagnostics further revealed that the increments produced by the hybrid and the 3DVAR were different for both the analyses of the hurricane itself and its environment. In particular, it was found that the hybrid, using the flow-dependent covariance that gave the hurricane-specific error covariance estimates, was able to systematically adjust the position of the hurricane during the assimilation whereas the 3DVAR was not. The study served as a pilot study to explore and understand the potential of the hybrid method for hurricane data assimilation and forecasts. Caution needs to be taken to extrapolate the results to operational forecast settings.

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Donini-Lenhoff, Fred G., Paul H. Rockey, Patricia M. Surdyk, Jeanne K. Heard, and Thomas A. Blackwell. "Emergency Preparedness for Residency/Fellowship Programs: Lessons Learned During Hurricane Katrina and Applied During Hurricane Ike." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, S1 (September 2010): S71—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.13.

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ABSTRACTWhen it struck the US Gulf Coast in 2005, Hurricane Katrina severely disrupted many graduate medical education residency/fellowship programs in the region and the training of hundreds of residents/fellows. Despite the work of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in responding to this natural disaster and facilitating communication and transfer of residents/fellows to other unaffected training programs, the storm exposed the gaps in the existing system. Subsequently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, with the aid of its member organizations, including the American Medical Association, developed a new disaster recovery plan to allow for a more rapid, effective response to future catastrophic events. These policies were instrumental in the rapid relocation of 597 residents/fellows from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston after the landfall of Hurricane Ike in September 2008. As a further accommodation to affected trainees, medical certification boards should be as flexible as possible in waiving continuity requirements in the event of a disaster that affects residency/fellowship programs.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S71-S74)

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Fucile-Sanchez, Emily, and Meri Davlasheridze. "Adjustments of Socially Vulnerable Populations in Galveston County, Texas USA Following Hurricane Ike." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177097.

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The role of socio-demographic vulnerability to hazards is an increasingly important aspect for consideration in disaster mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines the spatial adjustments of populations to the 2008 Hurricane Ike by estimating the effects of damage on the changes of socially vulnerable populations pre- and post-Hurricane Ike. Multivariate regression models are used to understand household-level adjustments in different flood zones and inundation levels at the block-group level in Galveston county. In contrast to past literature that suggests that vulnerable populations remain or move into hazardous areas post-disaster, our results indicate that socially vulnerable populations have moved out of highly damaged areas. The tremendous investment opportunity post-disaster and the slow distribution of funds to recover public housing on Galveston Island provide potential explanation of the estimated adjustment patterns. Analyzing post disaster adjustments offers important insights into the “resilient” recovery of Galveston County post-Hurricane Ike. Our results also point to potential vulnerabilities that may arise in the future because of the change in community identity and the loss of social memory. Understanding disaster-driven changes in community make-up will help inform potential recovery trajectories from future catastrophes.

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North, Carol S., Richard V. King, Raymond L. Fowler, Rita Kucmierz, Jess D. Wade, Dave Hogan, and John T. Carlo. "Delivery of Mental Health Care in a Large Disaster Shelter." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 4 (May 26, 2015): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.63.

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AbstractLarge numbers of evacuees arrived in Dallas, Texas, from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita just 3 weeks apart in 2005 and from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike just 3 weeks apart again in 2008. The Dallas community needed to locate, organize, and manage the response to provide shelter and health care with locally available resources. With each successive hurricane, disaster response leaders applied many lessons learned from prior operations to become more efficient and effective in the provision of services. Mental health services proved to be an essential component. From these experiences, a set of operating guidelines for large evacuee shelter mental health services in Dallas was developed, with involvement of key stakeholders. A generic description of the processes and procedures used in Dallas that highlights the important concepts, key considerations, and organizational steps was then created for potential adaptation by other communities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:423–429)

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Schmidlin, Thomas W. "Public health consequences of the 2008 Hurricane Ike windstorm in Ohio, USA." Natural Hazards 58, no. 1 (December 2, 2010): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9663-x.

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Hope, M. E., J. J. Westerink, A. B. Kennedy, P. C. Kerr, J. C. Dietrich, C. Dawson, C. J. Bender, et al. "Hindcast and validation of Hurricane Ike (2008) waves, forerunner, and storm surge." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118, no. 9 (September 2013): 4424–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20314.

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Sherman-Morris, Kathleen, Jason Senkbeil, and Robert Carver. "Who's Googling What? What Internet Searches Reveal about Hurricane Information Seeking." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams3053.1.

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Two freely available, searchable databases that track the normalized interest in specific search queries, Google Trends and Google Insights, were used to illustrate spatial and temporal patterns in hurricane information seeking. Searches for the word “hurricane” showed a seasonal pattern with spikes in hurricane searches that corresponded to the severity of the storms making landfall. Regional variation in “hurricane” searches was largely driven by the location and magnitude of hurricane landfalls. Catastrophic hurricanes such as Hurricane Katrina captured national attention. A great deal of regional variation in search volume existed prior to Hurricane Ike's landfall. Not as much variation was seen before Hurricane Gustav and Tropical Storm Fay. This variation appeared to be related to changes in the 5-day track forecast as well as other factors such as issuance of watches and warnings. Searches from Louisiana experienced a sharp decrease after the 5-day track forecast shifted away from the state, but before Ike made landfall. Normalized daily visits to Weather Underground during August/September 2008 followed the same pattern as the Google searches. The most popular hurricane-related search terms at the national level prior to landfall dealt with forecast track and evacuation information while searches after landfall included terms related to hurricane damage. There are limitations to using this free data source, but the study has implications for the literature as well as practical applications. This study provides new information about online search behavior before a hurricane that can be utilized by those who provide weather information to the public.

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Farag, Noha H., Araceli Rey, Rebecca Noe, Tesfaye Bayleyegn, April D. Wood, and David Zane. "Evaluation of the American Red Cross Disaster-Related Mortality Surveillance System Using Hurricane Ike Data—Texas 2008." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 1 (February 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.54.

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AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate key attributes, strengths, and limitations of the American Red Cross (ARC) disaster-related mortality surveillance system implemented during Hurricane Ike in Texas 2008, and to provide recommendations for system improvement.MethodsWe evaluated key attributes of the ARC mortality surveillance system. Evaluation included interviews with stakeholders and linking ARC data with the Texas Department of State Health Services’ (DSHS) system for comparison.ResultsDuring September 11 through October 6, 2008, the ARC identified 38 deaths, whereas DSHS identified 74 deaths related to Hurricane Ike (sensitivity = 47%; positive predictive value = 92%). The ARC had complete data on 61% to 92% of deaths, and an 83% to 97% concordance was observed between the 2 systems for key variables.ConclusionsThe ARC surveillance system is simple, flexible, and stable. We recommend establishing written guidelines to improve data quality and representativeness. As an important supporting agency in disaster situations and the sole source of data regarding disaster-related mortality in multiple states, improvement of the ARC system will benefit stakeholders and promote dissemination of useful information for preventing future deaths. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:13-19)

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Brennan, Michael J., and Sharanya J. Majumdar. "An Examination of Model Track Forecast Errors for Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 848–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05053.1.

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Abstract Sources of dynamical model track error for Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico are examined. Deterministic and ensemble model output are compared against National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses to identify potential critical features associated with the motion of Ike and its eventual landfall along the upper Texas coast. Several potential critical features were identified, including the subtropical ridge north of Ike and several synoptic-scale short-wave troughs and ridges over central and western North America, and Tropical Storm Lowell in the eastern North Pacific. Using the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation scheme, the operational GSI analysis from the 0000 UTC 9 September 2008 cycle was modified by perturbing each of these features individually, and then integrating the GFS model using the perturbed initial state. The track of Ike from each of the perturbed runs was compared to the operational GFS and it was found that the greatest improvements to the track forecast were associated with weakening the subtropical ridge north of Ike and strengthening a midlevel short-wave trough over California. A GFS run beginning with an analysis where both of these features were perturbed produced a greater track improvement than either did individually. The results suggest that multiple sources of error exist in the initial states of the operational models, and that the correction of these errors in conjunction with reliable ensemble forecasts would lead to improved forecasts of tropical cyclone tracks and their accompanying uncertainty.

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Stein, Robert, Birnur Buzcu-Guven, Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio, and Devika Subramanian. "The Private and Social Benefits of Preparing for Natural Disasters." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 32, no. 3 (November 2014): 459–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701403200303.

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In this paper we inquire about the consequences of preparing for hurricanes for individuals and the larger community. Are there collective action benefits from individual-level preparation activities; do the actions individuals take to prepare themselves for a pending hurricane have social benefits for the entire community? We identify shadow evacuations – persons evacuating from areas not designated for evacuation–as a significant social cost that might be mitigated by individual preparation for severe weather. We test our hypotheses with data from a survey conducted with residents of Harris County, Texas, after Hurricane Ike in 2008. We find that preparation has a negative effect on personal injury and property damage and that preparation has a significant and negative effect on the likelihood individuals evacuate, especially residents of non-evacuation areas (low risk areas). Our findings have strong implications on how emergency planners and local officials should prepare for and communicate with the public before severe weather episodes.

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Stearns, Matthew, and Jamie E. Padgett. "Impact of 2008 Hurricane Ike on Bridge Infrastructure in the Houston/Galveston Region." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 26, no. 4 (August 2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000213.

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Jung, S., and F. J. Masters. "Characterization of open and suburban boundary layer wind turbulence in 2008 Hurricane Ike." Wind and Structures 17, no. 2 (August 25, 2013): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.17.2.135.

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Zhang, Guosheng, and William Perrie. "Effects of Asymmetric Secondary Eyewall on Tropical Cyclone Evolution in Hurricane Ike (2008)." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 3 (February 10, 2018): 1676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076988.

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Zane, David F., Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn, Tracy L. Haywood, Dana Wiltz-Beckham, Harlan “Mark” Guidry, Carlos Sanchez, and Amy F. Wolkin. "Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response following Hurricane Ike—Texas, 25-30 September 2008." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008670.

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AbstractIntroduction:On 13 September 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas, resulting in an estimated 74 deaths statewide and extensive damage in many counties. The Texas Department of State Health Services, US Public Health Service, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted assessments beginning 12 days following hurricane landfall to identify the public health needs of three affected communities. The results of the assessment are presented, and an example of a type of public health epidemiological response to a disaster due to a natural hazard is provided.Methods:A one-page questionnaire that focused on household public health characteristics was developed. Using a two-stage cluster sampling methodology, 30 census blocks were selected randomly in three communities (Galveston, Liberty, and Manvel, Texas). Seven households were selected randomly from each block to interview.Results:The assessments were conducted on 25, 26, and 30 September 2008. At the time of the interview, 45% percent of the households in Galveston had no electricity, and 26% had no regular garbage collection. Forty-six percent reported feeling that their residence was unsafe to inhabit due to mold, roof, and/or structural damage, and lack of electricity. Sixteen percent of households reported at least one member of the household had an injury since the hurricane. In Liberty, only 7% of the household members interviewed had no access to food, 4% had no working toilet, 2% had no running water, and 2% had no electricity. In Manvel, only 5% of the households did not have access to food, 3% had no running water, 2% had no regular garbage collection, and 3% had no electricity.Conclusions:Post-Ike household-level surveys conducted identified the immediate needs and associated risks of the affected communities. Despite the response efforts, a high proportion of households in Galveston still were reportedly lacking electricity and regular garbage pickup 17 days post-storm. The proportion of households with self-reported injury in Galveston suggested the need to enhance public education on how to prevent injuries during hurricane cleanup. Galveston public health officials used the assessment to educate local emergency and elected officials of the health hazards related to lack of basic utilities and medical care in the community. This resulted in the provision of an extensive public health outreach education program throughout the island. The Liberty and Manvel assessment findings suggest that most households in both communities were receiving the basic utilities and that the residents felt “safe”. The assessments reassured local health officials that there were no substantial acute public health needs and provided objective information that services were being restored.

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Goff, John A., Mead A. Allison, and Sean P. S. Gulick. "Offshore transport of sediment during cyclonic storms: Hurricane Ike (2008), Texas Gulf Coast, USA." Geology 38, no. 4 (April 2010): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g30632.1.

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Chung, PhD, Christopher A. "Use of geographical information system data for emergency management points of distribution analysis with POD Locator 2.0." Journal of Emergency Management 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2017.0318.

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In 2010, the article Location and Analysis of Emergency Management Point of Distributions (PODs) for Hurricane Ike was published in the Journal of Emergency Management. Using a program titled point of distribution locator (POD Locator 1.0), the article reported a 46 percent improvement in positioning PODs over the locations selected by emergency managers during Hurricane Ike in 2008. While the program could produce more effective POD locations for a given situation, a major weakness of the program was the difficulty with which population and location data were manually entered into the program for subsequent analysis. This prevented organizations that could have otherwise benefited from the program from successfully utilizing it without additional training. This research effort focuses on the leveraging of readily available geographic information system (GIS) electronic data to address this problem. Analysis of the difference between the previous manual data entry method and the GIS assisted method was statistically significant.

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Chung, PhD, Christopher A., and Charles E. Donaghey, PhD. "Location and analysis of emergency management Points of Distributions for Hurricane Ike." Journal of Emergency Management 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2010.0040.

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On September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike caused massive destruction along the Gulf Coast of the United States. In response to subsistence shortages caused by infrastructure damage, government officials opened 26 Points of Distributions (PODs) to distribute food, water, and ice. To analyze the accessibility of these PODs, a Microsoft Windows software program POD Locator was developed by the researchers. This program calculated the average distance of each area residents’ home location to the closest of the 26 PODs to be 6.41 miles. In comparison, POD Locator identified an alternative set of 26 PODs with an average distance of 3.71 miles for an average reduction in travel of 46 percent. POD Locator also identified the fact that similar performance to the actual 26 PODs was achievable with only 10 PODs.

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Paul, Srikanto, and Hatim Sharif. "Analysis of Damage Caused by Hydrometeorological Disasters in Texas, 1960–2016." Geosciences 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100384.

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Property damages caused by hydrometeorological disasters in Texas during the period 1960–2016 totaled $54.2 billion with hurricanes, tropical storms, and hail accounting for 56%, followed by flooding and severe thunderstorms responsible for 24% of the total damages. The current study provides normalized trends to support the assertion that the increase in property damage is a combined contribution of stronger disasters as predicted by climate change models and increases in urban development in risk prone regions such as the Texas Gulf Coast. A comparison of the temporal distribution of damages normalized by population and GDP resulted in a less statistically significant increasing trend per capita. Seasonal distribution highlights spring as the costliest season (March, April and May) while the hurricane season (June through November) is well aligned with the months of highest property damage. Normalization of property damage by GDP during 2001–2016 showed Dallas as the only metropolitan statistical area (MSA) with a significant increasing trend of the 25 MSAs in Texas. Spatial analysis of property damage per capita highlighted the regions that are at greater risk during and after a major disaster given their limited economic resources compared to more urbanized regions. Variation in the causes of damage (wind or water) and types of damage that a “Hurricane” can produce was investigated using Hazus model simulation. A comparison of published damage estimates at time of occurrence with simulation outputs for Hurricanes Carla, 1961; Alicia, 1983; and Ike, 2008 based on 2010 building exposure highlighted the impact of economic growth, susceptibility of wood building types, and the predominant cause of damage. Carla and Ike simulation models captured less than 50% of their respective estimates reported by other sources suggesting a broad geographical zone of damage with flood damage making a significant contribution. Conversely, the model damage estimates for Alicia are 50% higher than total damage estimates that were reported at the time of occurrence suggesting a substantial increase in building exposure susceptible to wind damage in the modeled region from 1983 – 2010.

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Fife, C. E., L. A. Smith, E. A. Maus, J. J. McCarthy, M. Z. Koehler, T. Hawkins, and N. B. Hampson. "Dying to Play Video Games: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning From Electrical Generators Used After Hurricane Ike." PEDIATRICS 123, no. 6 (May 26, 2009): e1035-e1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-3273.

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Valsamidis, Antonios, Jens Figlus, Benjamin Ritt, and Dominic E. Reeve. "Modelling the morphodynamic evolution of Galveston beach, Gulf of Mexico, following Hurricane Ike in 2008." Continental Shelf Research 218 (April 2021): 104373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2021.104373.

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Li Wang, Hong, and Xiang Yu Huang. "TAMDAR Observation Assimilation in WRF 3D-Var and Its Impact on Hurricane Ike (2008) Forecast." Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2012.11446995.

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Chen, Shuyi S., and Milan Curcic. "Ocean surface waves in Hurricane Ike (2008) and Superstorm Sandy (2012): Coupled model predictions and observations." Ocean Modelling 103 (July 2016): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.08.005.

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Goff, John A., Mead A. Allison, Sean P. S. Gulick, Robert Reece, Marcy Davis, Dan Duncan, and Steffen Saustrup. "Shoreface ravinement evolution tracked by repeat geophysical surveys following Hurricane Ike, Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, 2008–2013." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 3 (May 2015): WB1—WB10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0136.1.

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Pennison, Garland, Bret Webb, Ioannis Gidaris, and Jamie Padgett. "PREDICTING COASTAL ROADWAY DAMAGE USING MODIFIED DISPERSION FUNCTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.5.

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Empirical dispersion functions appear to reasonably predict damage risks for coastal roadways subjected to coastal storm surge and wave hazards. County Road 257 (CR 257) in Brazoria County, Texas had significant damage at various locations during Hurricane Ike in September 2008. Cumulative peak hourly water surface elevation, wave period, and current velocity output from a hindcast ADCIRC+SWAN model was assessed using modified celerity dispersion functions relative to measured distance between road and shoreline. These intensity measures provide a strongly correlated model for predicting likelihood of road damage.

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Li, Yongzuo, Xuguang Wang, and Ming Xue. "Assimilation of Radar Radial Velocity Data with the WRF Hybrid Ensemble–3DVAR System for the Prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 3507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00043.1.

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Abstract An enhanced version of the hybrid ensemble–three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is applied to the assimilation of radial velocity (Vr) data from two coastal Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars for the prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008) before and during its landfall. In this hybrid system, flow-dependent ensemble covariance is incorporated into the variational cost function using the extended control variable method. The analysis ensemble is generated by updating each forecast ensemble member with perturbed radar observations using the hybrid scheme itself. The Vr data are assimilated every 30 min for 3 h immediately after Ike entered the coverage of the two coastal radars. The hybrid method produces positive temperature increments indicating a warming of the inner core throughout the depth of the hurricane. In contrast, the 3DVAR produces much weaker and smoother increments with negative values at the vortex center at lower levels. Wind forecasts from the hybrid analyses fit the observed radial velocity better than that from 3DVAR, and the 3-h accumulated precipitation forecasts from the hybrid are also more skillful. The track forecast is slightly improved by the hybrid method and slightly degraded by the 3DVAR compared to the forecast from the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis. All experiments assimilating the radar data show much improved intensity analyses and forecasts compared to the experiment without assimilating radar data. The better forecast of the hybrid indicates that the hybrid method produces dynamically more consistent state estimations. Little benefit of including the tuned static component of background error covariance in the hybrid is found.

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Zheng, Jing, Jun Li, Timothy J. Schmit, Jinlong Li, and Zhiquan Liu. "The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32, no. 3 (January 4, 2015): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-3162-z.

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Siverd, Christopher, Scott Hagen, Matthew Bilskie, DeWitt Braud, Shu Gao, Hampton Peele, and Robert Twilley. "ASSESSMENT OF THE EVOLUTION OF STORM SURGE IN COASTAL LOUISIANA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.42.

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The Louisiana coastal landscape comprises an intricate system of fragmented wetlands, natural ridges, man-made navigation canals, flood protection and oil and gas infrastructure. Louisiana lost approximately 1,883 square miles (4,877 sq km) of coastal wetlands from 1932 to 2010 including 300 square miles (777 sq km) lost between 2004 and 2008 due to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav and Ike (Couvillion et al., 2011). A projected additional 2,250 square miles (5,827 sq km) of coastal wetlands will be lost over the next 50 years if no preventative actions are taken (Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017). Storm surge models representing historical eras of the Louisiana coastal landscape can be developed to investigate the response of hurricane storm surge (e.g. peak water levels, inundation volume and time) to land loss and vegetative changes. Land:Water (L:W) isopleths (Gagliano et al., 1970; Twilley et al., 2016; Siverd et al., 2018) have been calculated along the Louisiana coast from Sabine Lake to the Pearl River. These isopleths were utilized to develop a simplified coastal landscape (bathymetry, topography, bottom roughness) representing circa2010. Similar methods are employed with the objective of developing storm surge models that represent the coastal landscape for past eras (circa1890, c.1930, c.1970).

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Wingo, Stephanie M., and Kevin R. Knupp. "Kinematic Structure of Mesovortices in the Eyewall of Hurricane Ike (2008) Derived from Ground-Based Dual-Doppler Analysis." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 11 (October 12, 2016): 4245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0085.1.

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Abstract Previous work has shown that vorticity mixing in the tropical cyclone (TC) inner core can promote mesovortex (MV) formation and impact storm intensity. Observations of MVs have largely been serendipitous but are necessary to improve understanding of these features and their role in TC dynamics. This study presents nearly 10 h of ground-based dual-Doppler analysis of MVs in the eyewall of Hurricane Ike (2008) near and during landfall. Derived 3D winds, vertical vorticity, horizontal divergence, and perturbation pressures are analyzed. Results indicate persistent kinematic field arrangements and evolving vertical structures. Perturbation pressure retrievals suggest local pressure minima associated with the MVs. Preferential updraft locations appear to transition cyclonically about the local vorticity maximum as the MVs progress around the eye. Based on published observational datasets, the dual-Doppler updraft magnitudes in Ike’s MVs are within the top 5%–10% of TC vertical velocities. The MVs are marked by peak vorticity in the lowest 2 km and contain vertically coherent vorticity structures extending to 8 km AGL. After prolonged land interaction, the MV structures deteriorate. First, the vertical extent of localized vorticity diminishes, followed by a deterioration in the prelandfall characteristic kinematic arrangements. This supports the notion that the replenishment of a high vorticity annulus contributes to MV production and maintenance, and when the elevated vorticity aloft is not maintained, MV kinematic patterns become less consistent. It is unclear whether the decay of the vertically coherent vorticity structures occurs in response to land interaction, TC inner core processes, or some combination of both.

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Moghimi, Saeed, Andre Van der Westhuysen, Ali Abdolali, Edward Myers, Sergey Vinogradov, Zaizhong Ma, Fei Liu, Avichal Mehra, and Nicole Kurkowski. "Development of an ESMF Based Flexible Coupling Application of ADCIRC and WAVEWATCH III for High Fidelity Coastal Inundation Studies." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050308.

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To enable flexible model coupling in coastal inundation studies, a coupling framework based on the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) and the National Unified Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) technologies under a common modeling framework called the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) was developed. The framework is essentially a software wrapper around atmospheric, wave and storm surge models that enables its components communicate seamlessly, and efficiently to run in massively parallel environments. For the first time, we are introducing the flexible coupled application of the ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) and unstructured fully implicit WAVEWATCH III including NUOPC compliant caps to read Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) generated forcing fields. We validated the coupled application for a laboratory test and a full scale inundation case of the Hurricane Ike, 2008, on a high resolution mesh covering the whole US Atlantic coast. We showed that how nonlinear interaction between surface waves and total water level results in significant enhancements and progression of the inundation and wave action into land in and around the hurricane landfall region. We also presented that how the maximum wave setup and maximum surge regions may happen at the various times and locations depending on the storm track and geographical properties of the landfall area.

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Scott Warner, G. "Increased Incidence of Domestic Animal Bites following a Disaster Due to Natural Hazards." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 2 (April 2010): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007962.

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Introduction::During deployment following Hurricane Ike in September 2008, bites from domestic animals were among the top three trauma complaints seen at the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) base of operations.Problem::Unlike previous reports of frightened, misplaced dogs and cats biting strangers and rescue workers, there was an increase in bites associated with presumed non-rabid pets who were known to the bite victim.Methods:This was an observational sampling of all patients presenting for medical care during deployment to the AL-3 DMAT base of operations in Webster, Texas, following Hurricane Ike. Findings were compared with unofficial local norms and observations from the literature.Results:Of the people with animal bites presenting to the field hospital, dog bites accounted for 55%, cat bites, 40%, and snake bites, 5%. Most of the wounds required suturing and were not simple punctures. Most bites (70%) involved the hand(s). Some patients presented > 24 hours after the bite, and already had developed cellulitis. One patient required transfer and inpatient admission for intravenous antibiotics and debridement of a hand injury with spread into the metacarpophalangeal space.Conclusions:Most of the bites were severe and occurred within the first 72 hours after the hurricane, and waned steadily over the following weeks to baseline levels. No animal bites caused by misplaced dogs and cats biting strangers were seen. There was an increase in bites associated with domesticated pets known to the bite victim. The current NDMS cache is stocked adequately to care for most wounds caused by animal bites. However post-exposure rabies treatment is not part of the routine medications offered. For future disaster preparedness training, pet owners should be aware of the increased potential for dog and cat bites.

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Shen, Feifei, Dongmei Xu, Jinzhong Min, Zhigang Chu, and Xin Li. "Assimilation of radar radial velocity data with the WRF hybrid 4DEnVar system for the prediction of hurricane Ike (2008)." Atmospheric Research 234 (April 2020): 104771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104771.

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Lin, Jielu, Anna Wilkinson, and Laura Koehly. "THE TIES THAT RECRUIT, RETAIN, AND BIND: ENGAGING HISPANIC IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN THE TIME OF CRISIS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.240.

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Abstract In 2008, we launched Project RAMA (Risk Assessments for Mexican Americans) in Houston, Texas, seeking to understand how multigenerational Mexican immigrant families communicate about familial risk for complex disease. Several lessons were learned. First, our community advisory committee endorsed research goals. Second, we listened to the community with regards to immigration concerns and structural racism. Finally, in the summer and fall of 2008, Hurricane Ike struck the region. Because our team provided support and resources to families in need, we had a higher participation rate post-disaster. Pausing recruitment and postponing assessments led us to unexpectedly discover a long-term intervention effect that was not originally hypothesized. These lessons guide a new initiative focused on Hispanic immigrant families affected by rheumatoid arthritis in Washington DC. We discuss how we address challenges in the on-going project during the Covid pandemic, including recruiting through embedded community clinics and integrating community needs into study design.

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Shen, Feifei, Jinzhong Min, and Dongmei Xu. "Assimilation of radar radial velocity data with the WRF Hybrid ETKF–3DVAR system for the prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)." Atmospheric Research 169 (March 2016): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.09.019.

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Du, Ningzhu, Ming Xue, Kun Zhao, and Jinzhong Min. "Impact of assimilating airborne Doppler radar velocity data using the ARPS 3DVAR on the analysis and prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117, no. D18 (September 25, 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017687.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hurricane Ike, 2008'

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