Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hurricanes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hurricanes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Hosseini, S. R., M. Scaioni, and M. Marani. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON ATLANTIC HURRICANE FREQUENCY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-527-2018.

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In this paper, the possible connection between the frequency of Atlantic hurricanes to the climate change, mainly the variation in the Atlantic Ocean surface temperature has been investigated. The correlation between the observed hurricane frequency for different categories of hurricane’s intensity and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has been examined over the Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis Regions (ACR). The results suggest that in general, the frequency of hurricanes have a high correlation with SST. In particular, the frequency of extreme hurricanes with Category 5 intensity has the highest correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.82). In overall, the analyses in this work demonstrates the influence of the climate change condition on the Atlantic hurricanes and suggest a strong correlation between the frequency of extreme hurricanes and SST in the ACR.
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Blake, Eric S., and Todd B. Kimberlain. "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2011." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00192.1.

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Abstract Overall activity during the 2011 eastern North Pacific hurricane season was near average. Of the 11 tropical storms that formed, 10 became hurricanes and 6 reached major hurricane strength (category 3 or stronger on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale). For comparison, the 1981–2010 averages are about 15 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. Interestingly, although the number of named storms was below average, the numbers of hurricanes and major hurricanes were above average. The 2011 season had the most hurricanes since 2006 and the most major hurricanes since 1998. Two hurricanes affected the southwestern coast of Mexico (Beatriz as a category 1 hurricane and Jova as a category 2 hurricane), and the season’s tropical cyclones caused about 49 deaths. On average, the National Hurricane Center track forecasts in the eastern North Pacific for 2011 were very skillful.
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Yablonsky, Richard M., and Isaac Ginis. "Limitation of One-Dimensional Ocean Models for Coupled Hurricane–Ocean Model Forecasts." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 4410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2863.1.

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Abstract Wind stress imposed on the upper ocean by a hurricane can limit the hurricane’s intensity primarily through shear-induced mixing of the upper ocean and subsequent cooling of the sea surface. Since shear-induced mixing is a one-dimensional process, some recent studies suggest that coupling a one-dimensional ocean model to a hurricane model may be sufficient for capturing the storm-induced sea surface temperature cooling in the region providing heat energy to the hurricane. Using both a one-dimensional and a three-dimensional version of the same ocean model, it is shown here that the neglect of upwelling, which can only be captured by a three-dimensional ocean model, underestimates the storm-core sea surface cooling for hurricanes translating at &lt;∼5 m s−1. For hurricanes translating at &lt;2 m s−1, more than half of the storm-core sea surface cooling is neglected by the one-dimensional ocean model. Since the majority of hurricanes in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean translate at &lt;5 m s−1, the idealized experiments presented here suggest that one-dimensional ocean models may be inadequate for coupled hurricane–ocean model forecasting.
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Shapiro, Lloyd J., and J. Dominique Möller. "Influence of Atmospheric Asymmetries on the Intensification of GFDL Model Forecast Hurricanes." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2860–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3008.1.

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Abstract Hurricanes Bertha of 1996 and Erin of 2001 both intensified rapidly during part of their time over the North Atlantic. A piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion is applied to model output from GFDL hurricane model forecasts to determine the contributions of atmospheric features in the hurricanes’ environment to their intensification. The diagnosis indicates that Hurricane Bertha’s rapid intensification was directly augmented by an upper-level trough to the north. The significant positive impact of the trough provides quantitative confirmation of the inference of other authors. By contrast environmental interactions associated with troughs to the east and west of Hurricane Erin did not contribute directly to its rapid intensification. The implication of this result is that factors other than the troughs, including sea surface temperature, were sufficient to effect Hurricane Erin’s strengthening. Enhanced upper-level outflow concentrated northeast of the hurricane’s center that was associated with upper-level PV features to the north of Erin, including those ahead of the long-wave trough to its west, could have had some indirect contribution to its intensification. The present authors’ previous piecewise inversion applied to a model forecast of Hurricane Opal of 1995 indicated that an approaching upper-level trough did not significantly contribute to the hurricane’s lower-tropospheric intensification. The conclusions of this paper demonstrate that this result is neither an exception nor the rule.
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Linkov, Faina, Ali Ardalan, Sunita Dodani, Mita Lovalekar, Francois Sauer, Eugene Shubnikov, and Ronald LaPorte. "Building Just-in-Time Lectures during the Prodrome of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003538.

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Hurricane Katrina, followed by Hurricane Rita, were some of the most destructive and costliest hurricanes in US history. In addition to causing death and destruction, Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma gave rise to an epidemiology of fear.1 Despite the fact that the odds of dying in a hurricane remains low compared to that of motor vehicle crashes, tornadoes, and fires,2–3 the fear of hurricanes was reinforced by disturbing images on television. Often, these images replaced rational thinking. Teachers and public health educators worldwide only had limited materials to educate their students on the risk and risk factors for hurricanes and disasters, demonstrating how poorly the scientific community was prepared to deliver basic scientific facts about hurricanes.
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Klotzbach, Philip J., and William M. Gray. "Causes of the Unusually Destructive 2004 Atlantic Basin Hurricane Season." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 87, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-87-10-1325.

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The 2004 Atlantic basin hurricane season was one of the most active on record with nine hurricanes and six major hurricanes (maximum sustained winds &gt; 49 ms1) forming during the season. All six major hurricanes formed during August and September, causing this two-month period to be the most active on record. The primary reason the 2004 hurricane season will be remembered, however, is because of the four hurricanes that devastated the Caribbean and the southeastern United States (Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne). Estimated total U.S. hurricane damage was between $40 and $50 billion, and much additional damage was sustained in the Caribbean. It is shown that a very strong central Atlantic equatorial trough, associated with anomalously warm tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures and anomalously weak tropospheric vertical wind shear, combined with extremely favorable midlatitude steering conditions to allow many of the Africa-spawned easterly waves to develop into major hurricanes in the central Atlantic. These major hurricanes then moved on long west-northwest tracks that brought them through the Caribbean and across the southeastern U.S. coastline. The very active and destructive 2004 Atlantic basin hurricane season is attributed to two primary features: a strong Atlantic equatorial trough and steering currents that caused hurricanes to track westward across the U.S. coastline.
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Waddell, Samantha L., Dushyantha T. Jayaweera, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, John C. Beier, and Naresh Kumar. "Perspectives on the Health Effects of Hurricanes: A Review and Challenges." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052756.

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Hurricanes are devastating natural disasters which dramatically modify the physical landscape and alter the socio-physical and biochemical characteristics of the environment, thus exposing the affected communities to new environmental stressors, which persist for weeks to months after the hurricane. This paper has three aims. First, it conceptualizes potential direct and indirect health effects of hurricanes and provides an overview of factors that exacerbate the health effects of hurricanes. Second, it summarizes the literature on the health impact of hurricanes. Finally, it examines the time lag between the hurricane (landfall) and the occurrence of diseases. Two major findings emerge from this paper. Hurricanes are shown to cause and exacerbate multiple diseases, and most adverse health impacts peak within six months following hurricanes. However, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mental disorders, continue to occur for years following the hurricane impact.
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Arnold, Michael V., David Rushing Dewhurst, Thayer Alshaabi, Joshua R. Minot, Jane L. Adams, Christopher M. Danforth, and Peter Sheridan Dodds. "Hurricanes and hashtags: Characterizing online collective attention for natural disasters." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): e0251762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251762.

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We study collective attention paid towards hurricanes through the lens of n-grams on Twitter, a social media platform with global reach. Using hurricane name mentions as a proxy for awareness, we find that the exogenous temporal dynamics are remarkably similar across storms, but that overall collective attention varies widely even among storms causing comparable deaths and damage. We construct ‘hurricane attention maps’ and observe that hurricanes causing deaths on (or economic damage to) the continental United States generate substantially more attention in English language tweets than those that do not. We find that a hurricane’s Saffir-Simpson wind scale category assignment is strongly associated with the amount of attention it receives. Higher category storms receive higher proportional increases of attention per proportional increases in number of deaths or dollars of damage, than lower category storms. The most damaging and deadly storms of the 2010s, Hurricanes Harvey and Maria, generated the most attention and were remembered the longest, respectively. On average, a category 5 storm receives 4.6 times more attention than a category 1 storm causing the same number of deaths and economic damage.
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Beven, John L., Lixion A. Avila, Eric S. Blake, Daniel P. Brown, James L. Franklin, Richard D. Knabb, Richard J. Pasch, Jamie R. Rhome, and Stacy R. Stewart. "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 1109–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2074.1.

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Abstract The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active of record. Twenty-eight storms occurred, including 27 tropical storms and one subtropical storm. Fifteen of the storms became hurricanes, and seven of these became major hurricanes. Additionally, there were two tropical depressions and one subtropical depression. Numerous records for single-season activity were set, including most storms, most hurricanes, and highest accumulated cyclone energy index. Five hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall in the United States, including four major hurricanes. Eight other cyclones made landfall elsewhere in the basin, and five systems that did not make landfall nonetheless impacted land areas. The 2005 storms directly caused nearly 1700 deaths. This includes approximately 1500 in the United States from Hurricane Katrina—the deadliest U.S. hurricane since 1928. The storms also caused well over $100 billion in damages in the United States alone, making 2005 the costliest hurricane season of record.
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Hagen, Andrew B., and Christopher W. Landsea. "On the Classification of Extreme Atlantic Hurricanes Utilizing Mid-Twentieth-Century Monitoring Capabilities*." Journal of Climate 25, no. 13 (July 1, 2012): 4461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00420.1.

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Abstract An investigation is conducted to determine how improvements in observing capabilities and technology may have affected scientists’ ability to detect and monitor Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean basin during the mid-twentieth century. Previous studies state that there has been an increase in the number of intense hurricanes and attribute this increase to anthropogenic global warming. Other studies claim that the apparent increased hurricane activity is an artifact of better observational capabilities and improved technology for detecting these intense hurricanes. The present study focuses on the 10 most recent Category 5 hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic, from Hurricane Andrew (1992) through Hurricane Felix (2007). These 10 hurricanes are placed into the context of the technology available in the period of 1944–53, the first decade of aircraft reconnaissance. A methodology is created to determine how many of these 10 recent Category 5 hurricanes likely would have been recorded as Category 5 if they had occurred during this period using only the observations that likely would have been available with existing technology and observational networks. Late-1940s and early-1950s best-track intensities are determined for the entire lifetime of these 10 recent Category 5 hurricanes. It is found that likely only 2 of these 10—both Category 5 landfalling hurricanes—would have been recorded as Category 5 hurricanes if they had occurred during the late-1940s period. The results suggest that intensity estimates for extreme tropical cyclones prior to the satellite era are unreliable for trend and variability analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Branney, Sean J. "Comparison and development of hurricane electrical power system damage models." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5657.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Speckhart, Benjamin L. "Observational analysis of shallow water response to passing hurricanes in Onslow Bay, NC in 1999 /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/speckhartb/benjaminspeckhart.pdf.

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Chen, Dongsheng. "Vulnerability of tall buildings in hurricanes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42135.pdf.

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Miller, Elizabeth Caitlin. "Tracking Atlantic Hurricanes Using Statistical Methods." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4730.

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Creating an accurate hurricane location forecasting model is of the utmost importance because of the safety measures that need to occur in the days and hours leading up to a storm's landfall. Hurricanes can be incredibly deadly and costly, but if people are given adequate warning, many lives can be spared. This thesis seeks to develop an accurate model for predicting storm location based on previous location, previous wind speed, and previous pressure. The models are developed using hurricane data from 1980-2009.
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Redwood, Loren Kate. "Immigrant labor exploitation and resistance in the post-Katrina deep south success through legal advocacy /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/L_Redwood_113009.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 11, 2009). "Department of American Studies." Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-157).
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Lear, Matthew R. "A complex adaptive system approach to forecasting hurricane tracks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLear%5FCS.pdf.

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Lear, Matthew R. "Forecasting hurricane tracks using a complex adaptive system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLear%5FMetoc.pdf.

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Barth, Laura J. Stone Sara J. "Two of a kind comparing photographic media coverage for Hurricanes Katrina and Ike /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5360.

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Amini, Sina. "Hydrodynamics and Salinity of Pontchartrain Estuary During Hurricanes." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1845.

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A hurricane is a combination of sustained winds, low atmospheric pressures and precipitation. Over the past decades, Louisiana has experienced several devastating hurricanes. The east bank of the City of New Orleans is bounded by Lake Pontchartrain to the North and the Mississippi River to the South. Lake Pontchartrain is a brackish system connected to the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Borgne to the East. As a Hurricane enters the Estuary from the Gulf of Mexico, it imposes a sustained surge of a few meters which may lead to flooding in areas which are not protected by levees. These flood water may be saline. Saltwater flooding is an environmental issue in flooded marshlands since saltwater can be fatal to some plants. The response of salinity and storm surge to hurricane duration which represents the forward speed of the storm is numerically modeled.
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Čížek, Štěpán. "In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly happen." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240611.

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-Ability to articulate the world of his own means, using post-production manipulation and mutual intervention. -Trying to phrase "without an accent," so that the recipient of the message (no longer subjectively) perceived the relationship between objectively defined entities. -all Redefines based on already recognized ... -Need of authorial manipulation and the presence of "alter ego", the second (submissive) I, in the role of uncritical recipient of my suggestions. -Koexistence And multiculturalism. -All Cats have four legs, my dog has four legs - hence my dog is a cat.
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Books on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Murray, Peter. Hurricanes. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child World, 1999.

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Peter, Murray. Hurricanes. [Plymouth, MN]: Child's World, 1996.

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National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.), ed. 1986 hurricane campaign: Hurricanes & summer storms. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Flood Insurance Program, 1986.

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Rotter, Charles. Hurricanes. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 1994.

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Swinford, T. William. Hurricanes are forever. Greensboro, NC: Lifestyles Press, 1999.

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Diaz, Henry F., and Roger S. Pulwarty, eds. Hurricanes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4.

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Lee, Sally. Hurricanes. New York: F. Watts, 1993.

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Allaby, Michael. Hurricanes. New York: Facts On File, 2003.

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Hooker, Merrilee. Hurricanes. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Corporation, 1993.

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Gonzales, Doreen. Hurricanes. New York: PowerKids Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Diaz, Henry F., and Roger S. Pulwarty. "Decadal Climate Variability, Atlantic Hurricanes, and Societal Impacts: An Overview." In Hurricanes, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_1.

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Watson, Charles C., and Jan C. Vermeiren. "Incorporating Variability in the Disaster Planning Process." In Hurricanes, 215–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_10.

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Felts, Arthur A., and David J. Smith. "Communicating Climate Research to Policy Makers." In Hurricanes, 233–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_11.

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Jamieson, Gil, and Claire Drury. "Hurricane Mitigation Efforts at the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency." In Hurricanes, 251–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_12.

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Roth, Richard J. "Insurable Risks, Regulation, and the Changing Insurance Environment." In Hurricanes, 261–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_13.

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Clark, Karen M. "Current and Potential Impact Of Hurricane Variability on the Insurance Industry." In Hurricanes, 273–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_14.

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Gray, William M., John D. Sheaffer, and Christopher W. Landsea. "Climate Trends Associated with Multidecadal Variability of Atlantic Hurricane Activity." In Hurricanes, 15–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_2.

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Emanuel, Kerry A. "Climate Variations and Hurricane Activity: Some Theoretical Issues." In Hurricanes, 55–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_3.

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Bengtsson, Lennart, Michael Botzet, and Monika Esch. "Numerical Simulation of Intense Tropical Storms." In Hurricanes, 67–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_4.

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Rappaport, Edward N., and Jose J. Fernández-Partagás. "History of the Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Since the Discovery of the New World." In Hurricanes, 93–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60672-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Valamanesh, V., K. Wei, A. T. Myers, S. R. Arwade, and W. Pang. "Hurricane Risk Considerations for Offshore Wind Turbines on the Atlantic Coast." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41157.

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The development of renewable energy sources is a critical global need. The Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico of the U.S., with large wind resources and proximity to major population centers, are natural places for such development; however, these regions are also at considerable risk from severe hurricanes or tropical cyclones. Current international guidelines for the design of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) do not explicitly consider loading under hurricane conditions, however subsequent editions are anticipated to include language specific to hurricanes. Variability in extreme loads is greater in areas where hurricanes are likely and the design loads and risk profile of offshore structures installed in such areas are expected to be strongly influenced by hurricanes. For many offshore structures, environmental conditions at design recurrence periods and beyond are often estimated through extrapolation of long-term (i.e. multiple decades) wind and wave measurements from buoys, however, for offshore structures located at areas exposed to hurricanes, it is accepted practice to use physics-based models to augment the historical record of Atlantic hurricane activity and generate a stochastic catalog of synthetic hurricanes that provides tens of thousands of realizations for one year of potential hurricane activity. Once a stochastic catalog has been established, appropriate hazard intensity measures (e.g. the one-minute sustained wind speed, the significant wave height, and the peak spectral wave period) can be estimated for each storm at any site using well-known wind and wave parametric models. In this study, we consider several sites along the Atlantic coast and quantify the impact of estimating hazard for design recurrence periods and beyond for three different methods. The first is based on an extrapolation of wind and wave measurements from buoys, and the second and third are based on a stochastic catalog of synthetic hurricanes with wind and wave intensities estimated based on deterministic and probabilistic relationships.
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Snaiki, Reda, and Teng Wu. "Hurricane risk assessment of offshore wind turbines under changing climate." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0241.

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<p>Offshore wind energy is attracting increasing attention across the North America. However, the offshore wind turbines along the East Coast are extremely vulnerable to hurricane-induced hazards. The vulnerability to hurricanes is expected to change due to global warming’s effects. This study quantifies the risk of floating wind turbines (FWTs) subjected to hurricane hazards under current and future climate scenarios. The hurricane hazard estimation is achieved using a hurricane track model which generates a large synthetic database of hurricanes allowing for accurate risk estimation. The structural response of the FWTs during each hurricane event is obtained using an efficient physics-based 3-D model. The case study results involving a parked FWT indicate that the change in hurricane-induced risk, evaluated in terms of the magnification factor, to the FWTs would significantly increase with the intensity measure.</p>
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Snaiki, Reda, and Teng Wu. "Hurricane risk assessment of offshore wind turbines under changing climate." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0241.

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<p>Offshore wind energy is attracting increasing attention across the North America. However, the offshore wind turbines along the East Coast are extremely vulnerable to hurricane-induced hazards. The vulnerability to hurricanes is expected to change due to global warming’s effects. This study quantifies the risk of floating wind turbines (FWTs) subjected to hurricane hazards under current and future climate scenarios. The hurricane hazard estimation is achieved using a hurricane track model which generates a large synthetic database of hurricanes allowing for accurate risk estimation. The structural response of the FWTs during each hurricane event is obtained using an efficient physics-based 3-D model. The case study results involving a parked FWT indicate that the change in hurricane-induced risk, evaluated in terms of the magnification factor, to the FWTs would significantly increase with the intensity measure.</p>
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Puskar, Frank J., Sean M. Verret, and Aditya Hariharan. "Performance of Steel Jacket Platforms in Recent Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29633.

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In the past few years there have been several large hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico that have destroyed or damaged over 200 fixed offshore platforms. These include hurricanes lvan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Rita (2005). Prior to these, the most recent hurricane to cause this level of damage was hurricane Andrew in 1992. Below water damage consisted of separated underwater braces, buckled braces, broken legs, and cracked connections. Above water damage consisted of wind and wave damage to decks and topsides equipment. Interestingly there has been little if any pile damage in any of these hurricanes. Although some newer platforms suffered damage and even destruction, most of the destroyed and damaged platforms were of older vintage and designed to American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice 2A-WSD (RP2A) practices that have since been improved. This paper summarizes the types of damage and destruction that has been found, including likely causes. It describes how some of this damage correlates to API design procedures. The work is based upon a series of projects funded by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) to study the effects of hurricanes on these types of offshore facilities.
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Mathisen, Jan, and Torfinn Hørte. "Prediction of Mooring Line Tensions for Hurricane Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23446.

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A probabilistic metocean model for hurricane conditions is briefly described. The model is based on site-specific, hindcast data and defines the time variation of the metocean conditions during the realisation of a hurricane at the site. The annual extreme value distribution of mooring line tension for a large, semi-submersible, mobile drilling unit is computed. Time domain analysis is applied to obtain the short-term, extreme value distribution of line tension, conditional on stationary metocean conditions. A large number of different conditions are considered. A response surface is used to interpolate on the short-term distribution parameters in order to describe the tension response during the varying conditions associated with the passage of a hurricane. The hurricane duration is split into a sequence of 15-minute intervals such that the conditions can be assumed stationary during each such short interval. The tension distribution, conditional on the realisation of a hurricane, is accumulated across the sequence of short intervals. The distribution of hurricanes is taken into account to obtain the tension distribution in a random hurricane. Finally, the frequency of hurricanes is taken into account to give the annual extreme distribution of line tension. The characteristic tension computed using 10-year return conditions and the ISO 19901-7 design standard is found to correspond to a return period of 29 years in the test case. The effects of various assumptions in the design analysis are investigated. Sensitivities to simplifications of the metocean model are considered. The effects of uncertainties in the response calculation and in the distribution of peak significant wave height during hurricanes are quantified and included in the response analysis.
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Du, Xinlong, Jerome F. Hajjar, Robert Bailey Bond, and Hao Sun. "Collapse Fragility Development of Electrical Transmission Towers Subjected to Hurricanes." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0235.

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<p>Electrical power systems are critical to the wellbeing of our economy and society. Collapse of electrical transmission towers under hurricanes may result in significant interruptions of power systems. This research proposes a framework for the development of collapse fragility curves of transmission towers subjected to hurricanes. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), originally established for earthquake engineering applications, is adapted to model the hurricane induced collapse behavior. For a specific site, a set of hurricane wind speed and direction records are selected from 10,000-year synthetic hurricanes using a combination of autoencoder and k-means clustering. The autoencoder first compresses each wind record into 5 latent features, to which the k-means clustering is applied. Thus, all the collected wind records are divided into 4 clusters. Twenty wind records are picked at random from the 4 clusters and employed to run the IDA analysis, through which the collapse behavior is simulated, incorporating uncertainties in wind loading. The intensity measure of fragility curves is the storm maximum gust wind speed, and therefore the fragility curve is given as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the collapse capacity, which is designated as the intensity measure at the onset of collapse. The parameters of a fragility curve are estimated from the simulated data of the collapse capacity using the method of moments. The developed fragility curves are helpful in damage prediction of the electrical power systems under hurricanes.</p>
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Cardone, Vincent J., and Andrew T. Cox. "Modeling Very Extreme Sea States (VESS) in Real and Synthetic Design Level Storms." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49731.

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This paper addresses two questions critical for the successful real world application of the Cooperative Research on Extreme Seas and their Impact (CresT) Joint Industry Project (JIP) design methodology in harsh operating environments: (1) how accurately may very extreme sea states (VESS) be specified by modern numerical spectral wave models? About 20 storms in which VESS (defined as with significant wave height (HS) > 14 m) have been measured by various in-situ and satellite-mounted altimeters are hindcast and it is shown that when the meteorological forcing is accurately specified, a proven 3rd generation (3G) wave model provides skillful and unbiased specification of peak HS and by implication of the associated spectral properties. The second question addressed is: how do current 3G models behave when applied to even more extreme meteorological forcing than observed in the real storms studied? The same hindcast methodology is, therefore, applied to a population of synthetic hurricanes whose combinations of intensity and scale are predicted by deductive modeling studies of Gulf of Mexico hurricanes carried out following Hurricane Katrina (2004). The model results suggests that for a tropical cyclone to generate say peak HS > 20 m would require the peak wind intensity of a major hurricane (Category 3 or greater) combined with a larger size and faster translation speed than may be maintained by a tropical cyclone in tropical or subtropical settings. Large scale cyclonic and relatively rapidly translating storms with major hurricane force peak wind speeds indeed exist as a class of mid-latitude extratropical cyclones, dubbed “winter hurricanes”. Hundreds of such storms have been detected in global satellite altimeter data in virtually all major ocean basins. The peak sea states in the most extreme examples are also found to be simulated quite skillfully with the hindcast technology applied. The hindcast results are explored to infer the upper limit to the naturally occurring dynamic range of sea states in tropical and winter hurricanes.
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Forristall, George Z., and Jason McConochie. "Measured Metocean Characteristics of Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41029.

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A wealth of Gulf of Mexico hurricane wind and wave data has been measured in recent years. We have constructed a database that combines HURDAT storm track information with NDBC buoy data for the years 1978–2010. HURDAT contains 141 storms for that period of which 67 had measured significant wave heights greater than 5 m. Industry measurements in Hurricanes Camille, Lili, Ivan, Katrina, Rita, Gustav and Ike have been added to the buoy data. We have used this data base to study the relationships between wind and wave parameters in hurricanes. Specifically, we have calculated regressions and equal probability contours for significant wave height and peak spectral periods, first and second moment periods, wave height and Jonswap gamma values, wind speeds and wave heights, and wave and wind directions. All of these calculations have been done for azimuthal quadrants of the storm and radial distances near and far from the storm center.
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Amirinia, Gholamreza, and Sungmoon Jung. "Low Cycle Fatigue Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines Subjected to Hurricane." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62039.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of hurricanes on low cycle fatigue of tower and blades in offshore wind turbines. For this purpose, first, recent observations on hurricane turbulence models were discussed. Second, the buffeting wind loads on the wind turbine structure were introduced. A new formulation was used to address unsteady wind forces on the tower. This new formulation was later used to modify NREL-FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) for the analysis. In the next step, according to importance of recent findings about hurricanes, hurricane wind and wave fields were simulated based on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. Then, to investigate the effects of various turbulence models on the wind turbine structures, the modified NREL-FAST was used to analyze structure-wind-wave-soil interaction of the NREL-5 MW monopile wind turbine. Finally, the low cycle fatigue analysis was presented and discussed. Results for various hurricane turbulence models showed that by using quasi-steady analysis of the tower, the spectrum Model A and Model B resulted in average 53% lower and 12% higher damage index compared to the conventional Kaimal spectrum model respectively; however, by considering unsteady formulation on the tower, spectrum Model A and Model B resulted in average 96% and 24% lower blade root damage indices compared to the conventional Kaimal spectrum model respectively.
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van Dijk, Radboud, and Henk van den Boom. "Full Scale Monitoring Marco Polo Tension Leg Platform." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29635.

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Installed 160 miles South of New Orleans in 1300 m of water, the Marco Polo Tension Leg Platform is subjected to an extensive monitoring campaign to benchmark design data and methods. The purpose of the full scale monitoring campaign is to evaluate the design in operation exposed to hurricane and loop-current conditions. Interests comprise the high and low frequency modes of motion, the fatigue loading of the platform and the dynamic behavior of the tendons and risers with focus on vortex induced vibrations. To evaluate these results wind, wave and current conditions are closely monitored. The monitoring system was in operation during the passage of hurricanes Ivan, Katrina and Rita. Although Marco Polo was extremely close to the center of these severe hurricanes, no significant damage was inflicted to the platform, even though wind speeds in excess of 138 mph and maximum wave heights over 28 m were measured. However, very valuable data was collected on the wave, wind, current, as well as on the response of the TLP during the Hurricane conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Hurricanes"

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Anagnostakos, Peter, Jason Bram, Benjamin Chan, Natalia Fischl-Lanzoni, Hasan Latif, James M. Mahoney, Donald P. Morgan, Ladd Morgan, and Ivelisse Suarez. Banks versus Hurricanes: A Case Study of Puerto Rico after Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1078.

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We study Puerto Rico’s experience after the severe hurricane season of 2017 to better understand how extreme weather disasters affect bank stability and their ability to lend. Despite the devastation wrought by two category 5 hurricanes in a single month, we find relatively modest and transitory impacts on bank performance with no evident decline in lending capacity. We discuss various mitigants that help limit bank exposure to extreme weather and whether these mitigants may be vulnerable given the potential for more severe and more impactful climate events.
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Cavallo, Eduardo A., Santiago Gómez, Ilan Noy, and Eric Strobl. Climate Change, Hurricanes, and Sovereign Debt in the Caribbean Basin. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005496.

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Caribbean Islands are exposed to hurricanes, the damages of which are projected to intensify due to anthropogenic climate change. The region is also highly indebted. We focus on the interaction between climate change, hurricanes, and public debt. We investigate what the typical impact of Caribbean hurricanes on public debt in the region has been and how anthropogenic climate change has shaped this impact. Our findings show that for the 10 most severe storms, the average increase in debt, measured as the difference between post and pre-storm trends, is about 10 percent. Three years after such a storm, debt levels are 18 percent higher than what would have been expected otherwise. Based on findings from Extreme Weather Event Attribution (EEA) research, we calculate that the impact of a severe hurricane on public debt that is attributable to climate change amounts to an increase of 3.8 percent of the debt stock relative to the level of debt at the time of the event.
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Abel, Charles E., Barbara A. Tracy, C. L. Vincent, and Robert A. Jensen. Hurricane Hindcast Methodology and Wave Statistics for Atlantic and Gulf Hurricanes from 1956 - 1975. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207849.

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Chambers, Katherine, Jessamin Straub, Joshua Murphy, and Emily Russ. A resilient path forward for the Marine Transportation System : recommendations for response and recovery operations from the 2017-2019 hurricane seasons. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47607.

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The Marine Transportation System (MTS), Resilience Integrated Action Team (RIAT), is tasked by the coordinating board of the US Committee on the MTS to serve as a coordinating body to identify the impacts, best practices, and lessons learned by federal agencies involved in the response and recovery of the MTS after hurricane seasons. In response to this request, the RIAT has focused its analysis on the ability of MTS federal agencies to prepare, respond, recover, and adapt to as well as from disruptions. This was accomplished through workshops focused on gathering the collective experiences of emergency response professionals. In 2017, recommendations were gathered based on experiences responding to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. In this report, a similar approach was adopted to gather findings from Hurricanes Florence and Michael in 2018 and Hurricane Dorian in 2019. Utilizing the successes, challenges, and best practices from all six of these storms, the RIAT identified key coordinating bodies and the participants for each and key takeaways relative to the coordination of agencies with respect to the four steps of resilience: prepare, absorb, recover, and adapt.
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Du, Xinlong, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Structural Performance Assessment of Electrical Transmission Networks for Hurricane Resilience Enhancement. Northeastern University, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20460693.

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Hurricanes are one of the main causes for blackouts and related infrastructure damage in the United States. Electrical transmission towers, which are key parts of the electrical transmission networks, are vulnerable to high wind speeds during storms. Collapse of transmission towers may lead to a loss of functionality of transmission lines. This research focuses on regional analysis of electrical transmission networks under hurricane hazards through developing beam elements for analyzing transmission towers, selection of hurricane wind records that incorporate uncertainty quantification, generating collapse fragility curves for transmission towers, and regional damage assessment of transmission networks.
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Currie, Janet, and Maya Rossin-Slater. Weathering the Storm: Hurricanes and Birth Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18070.

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Gagliarducci, Stefano, M. Daniele Paserman, and Eleonora Patacchini. Hurricanes, Climate Change Policies and Electoral Accountability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25835.

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Krishnamurti, T. N. Improvements in Intensity and Track Predictions for Hurricanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327049.

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Grigoriu, Mircea. Probabilistic models for directionless wind speeds in hurricanes. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.06-906.

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Nordhaus, William. The Economics of Hurricanes in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12813.

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