Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean"

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BAO, S., L. J. PIETRAFESA, NORDEN E. HUANG, Z. WU, D. A. DICKEY, P. T. GAYES, and T. YAN. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS: 1851–2005." Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 03, no. 03 (July 2011): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536911000866.

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The trends and intrinsic frequencies in the time series of the number of Tropical Cyclones (TCs), hurricanes and typhoons, and Categories 4 and 5 hurricanes and typhoons in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean domains, and the yearly integral of hurricane wind energy, represented by the Power Density Index (PDI), in the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Ocean domains are studied. The results show that the Empirical Modal Decomposition (EMD) method [Huang et al. (1998)] successfully reveals that there are intrinsic modes of variations that are controlled by climate systems such as the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Atlantic and Pacific Multi-Decadal Oscillations (AMO and PDO), along with the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). It also reveals some oscillation modes whose controlling factors are not yet identified. In both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean domains, the frequencies of TCs, hurricane/typhoon-strength TCs and the strongest (Saffir-Simpson Categories 4 and 5) TCs have slowly rising trends. In the Atlantic Ocean, our study indicates that since the mid-1970s, the observed rise in the number of the strongest (Cats. 4 and 5) TCs as discussed previously by Webster et al. [2005] and the rise in the measure of destructiveness, the Power Density Index (PDI), developed by Emanuel [2005], were not the cause of rising trends, but instead, they are the result of the combination of positive phases of several intrinsic frequency modes. In the Pacific Ocean, the rising trends have larger amplitudes than those in the Atlantic Ocean, but the higher frequency modes appear to play a more important role in deciding the year-to-year Pacific TC, hurricane/typhoon and Cats. 4 and 5 TC activity levels.
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Murakami, H., E. Levin, T. L. Delworth, R. Gudgel, and P. C. Hsu. "Dominant effect of relative tropical Atlantic warming on major hurricane occurrence." Science 362, no. 6416 (September 27, 2018): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6711.

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Here we explore factors potentially linked to the enhanced major hurricane activity in the Atlantic Ocean during 2017. Using a suite of high-resolution model experiments, we show that the increase in 2017 major hurricanes was not primarily caused by La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean but rather triggered mainly by pronounced warm sea surface conditions in the tropical North Atlantic. Further, we superimpose a similar pattern of North Atlantic surface warming on data for long-term increasing sea surface temperature (a product of increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and decreases in aerosols) to show that this warming trend will likely lead to even higher numbers of major hurricanes in the future. The key factor controlling Atlantic major hurricane activity appears to be the degree to which the tropical Atlantic warms relative to the rest of the global ocean.
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Avila, Lixion A., and Jamie Rhome. "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2007." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 2436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2915.1.

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Abstract The hurricane season of 2007 in the eastern North Pacific Ocean basin is summarized, individual tropical cyclones are described, and a forecast verification is presented. The 2007 eastern North Pacific season was not an active one. There were 11 tropical storms, of which only 4 became hurricanes. Only one cyclone became a major hurricane. One hurricane struck Mexico and one tropical storm made landfall near the Guatemala–Mexico border. The 2007 National Hurricane Center forecast track errors were lower than the previous 5-yr means at all forecast lead times, and especially so for the 72-, 96-, and 120-h periods when the errors were 16%, 22%, and 20% lower, respectively. The official intensity forecasts had only limited skill.
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Murakami, Hiroyuki, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Thomas L. Delworth, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Seth Underwood, Richard Gudgel, Xiaosong Yang, et al. "Dominant Role of Subtropical Pacific Warming in Extreme Eastern Pacific Hurricane Seasons: 2015 and the Future." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0424.1.

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The 2015 hurricane season in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean (EPO and CPO), particularly around Hawaii, was extremely active, including a record number of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the first instance of three simultaneous category-4 hurricanes in the EPO and CPO. A strong El Niño developed during the 2015 boreal summer season and was attributed by some to be the cause of the extreme number of TCs. However, according to a suite of targeted high-resolution model experiments, the extreme 2015 EPO and CPO hurricane season was not primarily induced by the 2015 El Niño tropical Pacific warming, but by warming in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. This warming is not typical of El Niño, but rather of the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) superimposed on long-term anthropogenic warming. Although the likelihood of such an extreme year depends on the phase of natural variability, the coupled GCM projects an increase in the frequency of such extremely active TC years over the next few decades for EPO, CPO, and Hawaii as a result of enhanced subtropical Pacific warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing.
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Ford, Victoria L., Nan D. Walker, and Iam-Fei Pun. "Anomalous Oceanic Conditions in the Central and Eastern North Pacific Ocean during the 2014 Hurricane Season and Relationships to Three Major Hurricanes." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040288.

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The 2014 Northeast Pacific hurricane season was highly active, with above-average intensity and frequency events, and a rare landfalling Hawaiian hurricane. We show that the anomalous northern extent of sea surface temperatures and anomalous vertical extent of upper ocean heat content above 26 °C throughout the Northeast and Central Pacific Ocean may have influenced three long-lived tropical cyclones in July and August. Using a variety of satellite-observed and -derived products, we assess genesis conditions, along-track intensity, and basin-wide anomalous upper ocean heat content during Hurricanes Genevieve, Iselle, and Julio. The anomalously northern surface position of the 26 °C isotherm beyond 30° N to the north and east of the Hawaiian Islands in 2014 created very high sea surface temperatures throughout much of the Central Pacific. Analysis of basin-wide mean conditions confirm higher-than-average storm activity during strong positive oceanic thermal anomalies. Positive anomalies of 15–50 kJ cm−2 in the along-track upper ocean heat content for these three storms were observed during the intensification phase prior to peak intensity, advocating for greater understanding of the ocean thermal profile during tropical cyclone genesis and development.
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Murakami, Hiroyuki, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Gabriele Villarini, Thomas L. Delworth, Richard Gudgel, Seth Underwood, Xiaosong Yang, Wei Zhang, and Shian-Jiann Lin. "Seasonal Forecasts of Major Hurricanes and Landfalling Tropical Cyclones using a High-Resolution GFDL Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 22 (October 21, 2016): 7977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0233.1.

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Abstract Skillful seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone (TC; wind speed ≥17.5 m s−1) activity is challenging, even more so when the focus is on major hurricanes (wind speed ≥49.4 m s−1), the most intense hurricanes (category 4 and 5; wind speed ≥58.1 m s–1), and landfalling TCs. This study shows that a 25-km-resolution global climate model [High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model (HiFLOR)] developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has improved skill in predicting the frequencies of major hurricanes and category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the North Atlantic as well as landfalling TCs over the United States and Caribbean islands a few months in advance, relative to its 50-km-resolution predecessor climate model (FLOR). HiFLOR also shows significant skill in predicting category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the western North Pacific and eastern North Pacific, while both models show comparable skills in predicting basin-total and landfalling TC frequency in the basins. The improved skillful forecasts of basin-total TCs, major hurricanes, and category 4 and 5 hurricane activity in the North Atlantic by HiFLOR are obtained mainly by improved representation of the TCs and their response to climate from the increased horizontal resolution rather than by improvements in large-scale parameters.
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Lee, Sang-Ki, David B. Enfield, and Chunzai Wang. "Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes." Journal of Climate 24, no. 4 (February 15, 2011): 1264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3883.1.

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Abstract Global climate model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warms at a slower rate than the tropical Indo-Pacific in the twenty-first century, consistent with their projections of a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Here, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to advance a consistent physical rationale that the suppressed warming of the TNA increases the vertical wind shear and static stability aloft in the main development region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, and thus decreases overall Atlantic hurricane activity in the twenty-first century. A carefully designed suite of model experiments illustrates that the preferential warming of the tropical Indo-Pacific induces a global average warming of the tropical troposphere, via a tropical teleconnection mechanism, and thus increases atmospheric static stability and decreases convection over the suppressed warming region of the TNA. The anomalous diabatic cooling, in turn, forces the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave northwest of the forcing region, consistent with Gill’s simple model of tropical atmospheric circulations, in such a way as to induce a secular increase of the MDR vertical wind shear. However, a further analysis indicates that the net effect of future greenhouse warming on the MDR vertical wind shear is less than the observed multidecadal swing of the MDR vertical wind shear in the twentieth century. Thus, it is likely that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation will still play a decisive role over the greenhouse warming in the fate of Atlantic hurricane activity throughout the twenty-first century under the assumption that the twenty-first-century changes in interbasin SST difference, projected by the global climate model simulations, are accurate.
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Jury, Mark R., and David B. Enfield. "Environmental Patterns Associated with Active and Inactive Caribbean Hurricane Seasons." Journal of Climate 23, no. 8 (April 15, 2010): 2146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3201.1.

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Abstract This study of hurricanes passing through the Caribbean in the 1950–2005 period reveals that seasons with more intense hurricanes occur with the onset of Pacific La Niña events and when Atlantic SSTs west of Africa are above normal. Composites of NCEP reanalysis fields with regard to Caribbean hurricanes reveal development of an anomalous equatorial Atlantic zonal overturning circulation (upper easterly/lower westerly) that shifts toward the Caribbean coincident with a westward spread of the cold tongue in the east Pacific. Ocean–atmosphere coupling is promoted through interaction of the southern Hadley cell and the Atlantic ITCZ. A heat budget analysis suggests that evaporation governs SSTs in the major development region (MDR) and near Venezuela, but the signal is weak prior to May. Using the knowledge gained, statistical algorithms are developed to predict Caribbean hurricanes at seasonal lead times. These make use of equatorial Pacific SST, subtropical Atlantic SST, and the zonal Walker cell over the Atlantic.
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Lawrimore, Jay H., Michael S. Halpert, Gerald D. Bell, Matthew J. Menne, Bradfield Lyon, Russell C. Schnell, Karin L. Gleason, et al. "Climate Assessment for 2000." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82, no. 6s (June 1, 2001): S1—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0003-0007-82.6.s1.

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The global climate in 2000 was again influenced by the long-running Pacific cold episode (La Niña) that began in mid-1998. Consistent with past cold episodes, enhanced convection occurred across the climatologically convective regions of Indonesia and the western equatorial Pacific, while convection was suppressed in the central Pacific. The La Niña was also associated with a well-defined African easterly jet located north of its climatological mean position and low vertical wind shear in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean, both of which contributed to an active North Atlantic hurricane season. Precipitation patterns influenced by typical La Niña conditions included 1) above-average rainfall in southeastern Africa, 2) unusually heavy rainfall in northern and central regions of Australia, 3) enhanced precipitation in the tropical Indian Ocean and western tropical Pacific, 4) little rainfall in the central tropical Pacific, 5) below-normal precipitation over equatorial east Africa, and 6) drier-than-normal conditions along the Gulf coast of the United States. Although no hurricanes made landfall in the United States in 2000, another active North Atlantic hurricane season featured 14 named storms, 8 of which became hurricanes, with 3 growing to major hurricane strength. All of the named storms over the North Atlantic formed during the August–October period with the first hurricane of the season, Hurricane Alberto, notable as the third-longest-lived tropical system since reliable records began in 1945. The primary human loss during the 2000 season occurred in Central America, where Hurricane Gordon killed 19 in Guatemala, and Hurricane Keith killed 19 in Belize and caused $200 million dollars of damage. Other regional events included 1) record warm January–October temperatures followed by record cold November–December temperatures in the United States, 2) extreme drought and widespread wildfires in the southern and western Unites States, 3) continued long-term drought in the Hawaiian Islands throughout the year with record 24-h rainfall totals in November, 4) deadly storms and flooding in western Europe in October, 5) a summer heat wave and drought in southern Europe, 6) monsoon flooding in parts of Southeast Asia and India, 7) extreme winter conditions in Mongolia, 8) extreme long-term drought in the Middle East and Southwest Asia, and 9) severe flooding in southern Africa. Global mean temperatures remained much above average in 2000. The average land and ocean temperature was 0.39°C above the 1880–1999 long-term mean, continuing a trend to warmer-than-average temperatures that made the 1990s the warmest decade on record. While the persistence of La Niña conditions in 2000 was associated with somewhat cooler temperatures in the Tropics, temperatures in the extratropics remained near record levels. Land surface temperatures in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere were notably warmer than normal, with annually averaged anomalies greater than 2°C in parts of Alaska, Canada, Asia, and northern Europe.
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Bender, Morris A., Isaac Ginis, Robert Tuleya, Biju Thomas, and Timothy Marchok. "The Operational GFDL Coupled Hurricane–Ocean Prediction System and a Summary of Its Performance." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 3965–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2032.1.

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Abstract The past decade has been marked by significant advancements in numerical weather prediction of hurricanes, which have greatly contributed to the steady decline in forecast track error. Since its operational implementation by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) in 1995, the best-track model performer has been NOAA’s regional hurricane model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major upgrades to the GFDL hurricane forecast system since 1998. These include coupling the atmospheric component with the Princeton Ocean Model, which became operational in 2001, major physics upgrades implemented in 2003 and 2006, and increases in both the vertical resolution in 2003 and the horizontal resolution in 2002 and 2005. The paper will also report on the GFDL model performance for both track and intensity, focusing particularly on the 2003 through 2006 hurricane seasons. During this period, the GFDL track errors were the lowest of all the dynamical model guidance available to the NWS Tropical Prediction Center in both the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins. It will also be shown that the GFDL model has exhibited a steady reduction in its intensity errors during the past 5 yr, and can now provide skillful intensity forecasts. Tests of 153 forecasts from the 2004 and 2005 Atlantic hurricane seasons and 75 forecasts from the 2005 eastern Pacific season have demonstrated a positive impact on both track and intensity prediction in the 2006 GFDL model upgrade, through introduction of a cloud microphysics package and an improved air–sea momentum flux parameterization. In addition, the large positive intensity bias in sheared environments observed in previous versions of the model is significantly reduced. This led to the significant improvement in the model’s reliability and skill for forecasting intensity that occurred in 2006.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean"

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Johnston, Matthew W. "Computer Modeling the Incursion Patterns of Marine Invasive Species." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/33.

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Sitkowski, Matthew. "Low-level thermodynamic, kinematic and reflectivity fields of hurricane Guillermo (1997) during rapid intensification." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20710.

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Books on the topic "Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean"

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Adán, Mejía, ed. Application of the HURRAN technique to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Ensenada, Baja California, México: Grupo de Meteorología, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean"

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R. Lupo, Anthony, Brendan Heaven, Jack Matzen, and Jordan Rabinowitz. "The Interannual and Interdecadal Variability in Tropical Cyclone Activity: A Decade of Changes in the Climatological Character." In Current Topics in Tropical Cyclone Research. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93028.

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During the last decade, there has been concern that the frequency or intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) has increased. Also, climate models have shown varying results regarding the future occurrence and intensities of TC. Previous research from this group showed there is significant interannual and interdecadal variability in TC occurrence and intensity for some tropical ocean basins and sub-basins. This work examines global TC occurrence and intensity from 2010 to 2019 and compares this period to the same quantities from 1980 to 2009. The data used here are obtained from publicly available TC archives. Globally, the number of TC occurring over the latest decade is similar to the previous decade. However, while the 40-year trend shows an increase in TC, only intense hurricanes have shown an increase. The Atlantic Ocean and North Indian Ocean Basins show increases in TC activity, especially intense storms. The Southern Hemisphere and West Pacific Region show decreases in TC activity. In the West Pacific, intense TC did not increase, but the fraction of storms classified as intense increased. Only East Pacific TC activity showed no significant short- or long-term trends. Interannual and interdecadal variability in each sub-basin was found and there were some differences with previous work.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean"

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Odina, Lanre, and Roger Tan. "Seismic Fault Displacement of Buried Pipelines Using Continuum Finite Element Methods." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79739.

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In deep waters, pipelines are usually installed exposed on the seabed, as burial is generally not required to ensure on-bottom stability. These exposed pipelines are nevertheless susceptible to seismic geohazards like slope instability at scarp crossings, soil liquefaction and fault movements which may result in failure events, although larger diameter pipelines are generally known to have good tolerances to ground deformation phenomena, provided the seismic magnitudes are not too onerous. Regardless of the pipeline size, these seismic geohazard issues are usually addressed during the design stage by routing the pipeline to avoid such hazardous conditions, where possible. However, extreme environmental conditions like hurricanes or tropical cyclones, which are typically experienced in the Gulf of Mexico and Asia-Pacific regions, are also factors which can cause exposed pipelines to be susceptible to large pipeline displacements and damage. Secondary stabilisation in the form of rock dump is sometimes employed to reduce the hydrodynamic loads from high turbidity currents acting on the pipeline. However, rock dumping (or burying the displaced pipeline) on a fault line could again pose a threat to its integrity following a seismic faulting event. The traditional method of assessment of a buried pipeline subjected to seismic faulting is initially carried out using analytical methods. Due to the limitations of these techniques for large deformation soil movement associated with fault displacement, non-linear finite element (FE) methods are widely used to assess the pipeline integrity. The FE analysis typically idealises the pipeline using discrete structural beam-type elements and the pipeline-soil interaction as discrete non-linear springs, based on the concept of subgrade reactions proposed by Winkler. Recent research from offshore pipeline design activities in the arctic environment for ice gouge events have however suggested that the use of the discrete Winkler element model leads to over-conservative results in comparison to the coupled continuum model. The principal reason for the conservatism is related to the poor modeling of realistic surrounding soil behaviour for large deformation events. This paper discusses the application of continuum FE methods to model the fully coupled seabed-buried pipeline interaction events subject to ground movements at active seismic faults. Using the continuum approach, a more realistic mechanical response of the pipeline is established and can be further utilised to confirm that calculated strains are within allowable limits.
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Liao, Shi-Jun, Y. Wei, Michelle H. Teng, Philip L. F. Liu, Kwok Fai Cheung, and C. S. Wu. "Effects of Nonlinearity and Bottom Friction on Hurricane-Generated Storm Surge in Central Pacific Ocean." In Fourth International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40604(273)156.

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Fuentes-Yaco, César, José Eduardo Valdez-Holguín, Trevor Platt, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jochen Halfar, Lucio Godinez Orta, José Manuel Borges, and Emmanuel Devred. "Biological impact of Hurricane Ignacio (2003) in the eastern Pacific Ocean as observed through MODIS data." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Vijay K. Agarwal, Hiroshi Kawamura, Shailesh Nayak, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695988.

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Weng, Fuzhong, and Tong Zhu. "Uses of satellite microwave measurements to improve hurricane predictions." In Fourth International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2004: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by W. Paul Menzel and Toshiki Iwasaki. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.569827.

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Ke, Yinghai, Xuehu Zhang, Xiuwan Chen, Jilong Yang, Daniel Esteban, James R. Carswell, David J. McLaughlin, Paul S. Chang, Peter Black, and Frank Marks. "Preliminary results of 3D hurricane boundary layer wind estimation with multilook Doppler radar measurements of the precipitation." In Fourth International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2004: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Hiroshi Kawamura, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.578757.

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