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Journal articles on the topic 'Hurricanes – Pacific Ocean'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

BAO, S., L. J. PIETRAFESA, NORDEN E. HUANG, et al. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS: 1851–2005." Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 03, no. 03 (2011): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536911000866.

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The trends and intrinsic frequencies in the time series of the number of Tropical Cyclones (TCs), hurricanes and typhoons, and Categories 4 and 5 hurricanes and typhoons in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean domains, and the yearly integral of hurricane wind energy, represented by the Power Density Index (PDI), in the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Ocean domains are studied. The results show that the Empirical Modal Decomposition (EMD) method [Huang et al. (1998)] successfully reveals that there are intrinsic modes of variations that are controlled by climate systems such as the Quasi-Biennial

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2

Murakami, H., E. Levin, T. L. Delworth, R. Gudgel, and P. C. Hsu. "Dominant effect of relative tropical Atlantic warming on major hurricane occurrence." Science 362, no. 6416 (2018): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6711.

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Here we explore factors potentially linked to the enhanced major hurricane activity in the Atlantic Ocean during 2017. Using a suite of high-resolution model experiments, we show that the increase in 2017 major hurricanes was not primarily caused by La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean but rather triggered mainly by pronounced warm sea surface conditions in the tropical North Atlantic. Further, we superimpose a similar pattern of North Atlantic surface warming on data for long-term increasing sea surface temperature (a product of increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and decreases in a

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3

Avila, Lixion A., and Jamie Rhome. "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2007." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 8 (2009): 2436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2915.1.

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Abstract The hurricane season of 2007 in the eastern North Pacific Ocean basin is summarized, individual tropical cyclones are described, and a forecast verification is presented. The 2007 eastern North Pacific season was not an active one. There were 11 tropical storms, of which only 4 became hurricanes. Only one cyclone became a major hurricane. One hurricane struck Mexico and one tropical storm made landfall near the Guatemala–Mexico border. The 2007 National Hurricane Center forecast track errors were lower than the previous 5-yr means at all forecast lead times, and especially so for the

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4

Murakami, Hiroyuki, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Thomas L. Delworth, et al. "Dominant Role of Subtropical Pacific Warming in Extreme Eastern Pacific Hurricane Seasons: 2015 and the Future." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (2017): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0424.1.

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The 2015 hurricane season in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean (EPO and CPO), particularly around Hawaii, was extremely active, including a record number of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the first instance of three simultaneous category-4 hurricanes in the EPO and CPO. A strong El Niño developed during the 2015 boreal summer season and was attributed by some to be the cause of the extreme number of TCs. However, according to a suite of targeted high-resolution model experiments, the extreme 2015 EPO and CPO hurricane season was not primarily induced by the 2015 El Niño tropical Pacific warmi

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5

Ford, Victoria L., Nan D. Walker, and Iam-Fei Pun. "Anomalous Oceanic Conditions in the Central and Eastern North Pacific Ocean during the 2014 Hurricane Season and Relationships to Three Major Hurricanes." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040288.

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The 2014 Northeast Pacific hurricane season was highly active, with above-average intensity and frequency events, and a rare landfalling Hawaiian hurricane. We show that the anomalous northern extent of sea surface temperatures and anomalous vertical extent of upper ocean heat content above 26 °C throughout the Northeast and Central Pacific Ocean may have influenced three long-lived tropical cyclones in July and August. Using a variety of satellite-observed and -derived products, we assess genesis conditions, along-track intensity, and basin-wide anomalous upper ocean heat content during Hurri

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6

Murakami, Hiroyuki, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Gabriele Villarini, et al. "Seasonal Forecasts of Major Hurricanes and Landfalling Tropical Cyclones using a High-Resolution GFDL Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 22 (2016): 7977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0233.1.

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Abstract Skillful seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone (TC; wind speed ≥17.5 m s−1) activity is challenging, even more so when the focus is on major hurricanes (wind speed ≥49.4 m s−1), the most intense hurricanes (category 4 and 5; wind speed ≥58.1 m s–1), and landfalling TCs. This study shows that a 25-km-resolution global climate model [High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model (HiFLOR)] developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has improved skill in predicting the frequencies of major hurricanes and category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the North

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7

Lee, Sang-Ki, David B. Enfield, and Chunzai Wang. "Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes." Journal of Climate 24, no. 4 (2011): 1264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3883.1.

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Abstract Global climate model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warms at a slower rate than the tropical Indo-Pacific in the twenty-first century, consistent with their projections of a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Here, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to advance a consistent physical rationale that the suppressed warming of the TNA increases the vertical wind shear and static stability aloft in the main development region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, and thus decreases overall Atlantic hurricane act

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8

Jury, Mark R., and David B. Enfield. "Environmental Patterns Associated with Active and Inactive Caribbean Hurricane Seasons." Journal of Climate 23, no. 8 (2010): 2146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3201.1.

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Abstract This study of hurricanes passing through the Caribbean in the 1950–2005 period reveals that seasons with more intense hurricanes occur with the onset of Pacific La Niña events and when Atlantic SSTs west of Africa are above normal. Composites of NCEP reanalysis fields with regard to Caribbean hurricanes reveal development of an anomalous equatorial Atlantic zonal overturning circulation (upper easterly/lower westerly) that shifts toward the Caribbean coincident with a westward spread of the cold tongue in the east Pacific. Ocean–atmosphere coupling is promoted through interaction of t

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9

Lawrimore, Jay H., Michael S. Halpert, Gerald D. Bell, et al. "Climate Assessment for 2000." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82, no. 6s (2001): S1—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0003-0007-82.6.s1.

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The global climate in 2000 was again influenced by the long-running Pacific cold episode (La Niña) that began in mid-1998. Consistent with past cold episodes, enhanced convection occurred across the climatologically convective regions of Indonesia and the western equatorial Pacific, while convection was suppressed in the central Pacific. The La Niña was also associated with a well-defined African easterly jet located north of its climatological mean position and low vertical wind shear in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean, both of which contributed to an active North Atlantic hurricane seaso

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10

Bender, Morris A., Isaac Ginis, Robert Tuleya, Biju Thomas, and Timothy Marchok. "The Operational GFDL Coupled Hurricane–Ocean Prediction System and a Summary of Its Performance." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 12 (2007): 3965–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2032.1.

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Abstract The past decade has been marked by significant advancements in numerical weather prediction of hurricanes, which have greatly contributed to the steady decline in forecast track error. Since its operational implementation by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) in 1995, the best-track model performer has been NOAA’s regional hurricane model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major upgrades to the GFDL hurricane forecast system since 1998. These include coupling the atmospheric component with the Princeton Oce

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11

Amador, Jorge A., A. M. Durán-Quesada, E. R. Rivera, et al. "The easternmost tropical Pacific. Part II: Seasonal and intraseasonal modes of atmospheric variability." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23409.

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<p>This is Part II of a two-part review about climate and climate variability focused on the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) and the Caribbean Sea (CS). Both parts are aimed at providing oceanographers, marine biologists, and other ocean scientists, a guiding base for ocean-atmosphere interaction processes affecting the CS, the ETP, and the waters of Isla del Coco. Isla del Coco National Park is a Costa Rican World Heritage site. Part I analyzed the mean fields for both basins and a larger region covering 25º S - 35º N, 20º W - 130º W. Here we focus on a smaller area (65º W - 95º W, 0º -

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12

Fan, Yalin, Isaac M. Held, Shian-Jiann Lin, and Xiaolan L. Wang. "Ocean Warming Effect on Surface Gravity Wave Climate Change for the End of the Twenty-First Century." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 6046–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00410.1.

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Abstract Surface wind (U10) and significant wave height (Hs) response to global warming are investigated using a coupled atmosphere–wave model by perturbing the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with anomalies generated by the Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) scenario late in the twenty-first century. Several consistent changes were observed across all four realizations f

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13

DÍEZ, C. M., and C. J. SOLANO. "LINEARIZATION OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY OVER THE PACIFIC OCEAN ON THE EQUATORIAL LINE." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (2019): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.645_periodico33_pgs_630_640.pdf.

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The atmosphere system is ruled by the interaction of many meteorological parameters, causing a dependency between them, i.e., moisture and temperature, both suitable in front of any anomaly, such as storms, hurricanes, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. So, understanding perturbations of the variation of moistness along the time may provide an indicator of any oceanographic phenomenon. Annual relative humidity data around the Equatorial line of the Pacific Ocean were processed and analyzed to comprehend the time evolution of each dataset, appreciate anomalies, trends, histograms, and

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14

Wang, H., X. Zou, and G. Li. "An Improved Quality Control for AIRS Total Column Ozone Observations within and around Hurricanes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 3 (2012): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00108.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) provides twice-daily global observations from which total column ozone data can be retrieved. However, 20% ~ 30% of AIRS ozone data are flagged to be of bad quality. Most of the flagged data were identified to have total precipitable water (PW) errors, defined by the ratio between PW errors and PW retrieval exceeding 35%. It was found that most data within hurricanes were flagged because of extremely low total PW, which is also retrieved from AIRS observations. In this study, a new PW ratio, defined by the AIRS PW error divided by the National Cente

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15

Wu, Liguang, Li Tao, and Qinghua Ding. "Influence of Sea Surface Warming on Environmental Factors Affecting Long-Term Changes of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Formation." Journal of Climate 23, no. 22 (2010): 5978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3384.1.

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Abstract Despite the observed high correlation between the Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and the Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity, interpretation of this relationship remains uncertain. This study suggests that the tropical Atlantic sea surface warming induces a pair of anomalous low-level cyclones on each side of the equator, providing favorable conditions for enhancing TC formation east of 45°W, while the effect of SST warming in the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean tends to suppress the TC formation. Over the past 30 years (1978–2007), the TC activity in the Atlantic

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16

Zhang, Xuejin, Sundararaman G. Gopalakrishnan, Samuel Trahan, et al. "Representing Multiple Scales in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling System: Design of Multiple Sets of Movable Multilevel Nesting and the Basin-Scale HWRF Forecast Application." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 6 (2016): 2019–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0087.1.

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Abstract In this study, the design of movable multilevel nesting (MMLN) in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system is documented. The configuration of a new experimental HWRF system with a much larger horizontal outer domain and multiple sets of MMLN, referred to as the “basin scale” HWRF, is also described. The performance of this new system is applied for various difficult forecast scenarios such as 1) simulating multiple storms [i.e., Hurricanes Earl (2010), Danielle (2010), and Frank (2010)] and 2) forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) to extratropical cyclone tra

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17

KERR, ALEXANDER M. "Defoliation of an island (Guam, Mariana Archipelago, Western Pacific Ocean) following a saltspray-laden ‘dry’ typhoon." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (2000): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001796.

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Tropical cyclonic storms with sustained winds above 120 km h−1 are called hurricanes, typhoons or cyclones depending on their geographic location. They can cause considerable damage to forests. This damage may be in the form of pruned and fallen trees from intense winds (Boucher et al. 1990, Walker et al. 1992), defoliation from a combination of winds and torrential rains (Vandermeer et al. 1997), or mortality from marine inundation of low-lying land (Gardner et al. 1991). Occasionally, extensive defoliation of forests can also occur from wind-driven saltwater when winds are onshore and precip

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18

Lloyd, Ian D., and Gabriel A. Vecchi. "Observational Evidence for Oceanic Controls on Hurricane Intensity." Journal of Climate 24, no. 4 (2011): 1138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3763.1.

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Abstract The influence of oceanic changes on tropical cyclone activity is investigated using observational estimates of sea surface temperature (SST), air–sea fluxes, and ocean subsurface thermal structure during the period 1998–2007. SST conditions are examined before, during, and after the passage of tropical cyclones, through Lagrangian composites along cyclone tracks across all ocean basins, with particular focus on the North Atlantic. The influence of translation speed is explored by separating tropical cyclones according to the translation speed divided by the Coriolis parameter. On aver

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19

Wang, Xinxi, and Haiyan Jiang. "Contrasting Behaviors between the Rapidly Intensifying and Slowly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Basins." Journal of Climate 34, no. 3 (2021): 987–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0908.1.

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AbstractBased on 35-yr (1982–2016) best track and Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme data, this study examined climatology of rapidly intensifying (RI) and slowly intensifying (SI) events as well as their time evolutions of storm-related and environmental parameters for tropical cyclones (TCs) in both North Atlantic (AL) and eastern North Pacific (EP) basins. Major hurricanes were intensified mainly through RI while tropical depression and tropical storms were intensified through SI. The percentage of TCs that underwent RI peaks in the late hurricane season whereas the percentag

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20

Wang, Chunzai, David B. Enfield, Sang-ki Lee, and Christopher W. Landsea. "Influences of the Atlantic Warm Pool on Western Hemisphere Summer Rainfall and Atlantic Hurricanes." Journal of Climate 19, no. 12 (2006): 3011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3770.1.

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Abstract The Atlantic warm pool (AWP) of water warmer than 28.5°C comprises the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the western tropical North Atlantic (TNA). The AWP reaches its maximum size around September, with large AWPs being almost 3 times larger than small ones. Although ENSO teleconnections are influential on the AWP, about two-thirds of the large and small AWP variability appears unrelated to ENSO. The AWP is usually geographically different from the TNA; however, the AWP size is correlated with the TNA SST anomalies. During August to October, large AWPs and warm TNA are associate

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21

Patla, Jason E., Duane Stevens, and Gary M. Barnes. "A Conceptual Model for the Influence of TUTT Cells on Tropical Cyclone Motion in the Northwest Pacific Ocean." Weather and Forecasting 24, no. 5 (2009): 1215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222181.1.

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Abstract Eleven (10 Pacific, 1 Atlantic) tropical cyclones (TCs), which include typhoons/hurricanes and tropical storms, are examined using the latest 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) dataset and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track data to determine if and how tropical upper-tropospheric trough (TUTT) cells influence TC tracks. This type of interaction has led to rather large TC track forecast errors at 72 h (2000+ km) in the northwest Pacific and is often ignored or poorly forecast due to inadequate numerical model TUTT cell predictions. Ten selected cases out of the initial 25 pot

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22

Hsiao, Shih-Chun, Tien-Hung Hou, Tai-Wen Hsu, and Chia-Cheng Tsai. "Using multiple-resolution data in an adaptive simulation for typhoon-induced waves in northwest Pacific Ocean." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 234, no. 1 (2019): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090219826756.

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Due to the very large expanse of warm water in the northwest Pacific Ocean, typhoons are stronger and occur more frequently than hurricanes. In addition, there is usually a lack of unified high-resolution data of wind fields and bathymetry since multiple countries can be influenced by a typhoon. Therefore, we use multiple-resolution data in an adaptive simulation for typhoon-induced waves. Higher-resolution data are obtained from the government of Taiwan and are used for the area around Taiwan. In the other area, lower resolution data are adopted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin

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23

Loridan, T., E. Scherer, M. Dixon, E. Bellone, and S. Khare. "Cyclone Wind Field Asymmetries during Extratropical Transition in the Western North Pacific." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 2 (2014): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0257.1.

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AbstractRisk-assessment systems for wind hazards (e.g., hurricanes or typhoons) often rely on simple parametric wind field formulations. They are built using extensive observations of tropical cyclones and make assumptions about wind field asymmetry. In this framework, maximum winds are always simulated to the right of the cyclone, but analysis of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis database for the western North Pacific Ocean suggests that wind fields from cyclones undergoing extratropical transition around Japan often present features that cannot be adequately simulated under these assump

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24

Kravtsov, Sergey, and Christopher Spannagle. "Multidecadal Climate Variability in Observed and Modeled Surface Temperatures*." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (2008): 1104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1874.1.

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Abstract This study identifies interdecadal natural climate variability in global surface temperatures by subtracting, from the observed temperature evolution, multimodel ensemble mean based on the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset. The resulting signal resembles the so-called Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and is presumably associated with intrinsic dynamics of the oceanic thermohaline circulation (THC). While certain phases of the oscillation are dominated by the anomalies in the North Atlantic region,

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Yang, S., X. Zou, and P. S. Ray. "Comparison of TC Temperature and Water Vapor Climatologies between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from GPS RO Observations." Journal of Climate 31, no. 20 (2018): 8557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0074.1.

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Tropical cyclone (TC) temperature and water vapor structures are essential atmospheric variables. In this study, global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) observations from the GPS RO mission named the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding on board both MetOp-A and MetOp-B satellites over the 9-yr period from 2007 to 2015 are used to generate a set of composite structures of temperature and water vapor fields within tropical depressions (TDs), tropical storms (TSs)

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Benestad, R. E. "On tropical cyclone frequency and the warm pool area." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 2 (2009): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-635-2009.

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Abstract. The proposition that the rate of tropical cyclogenesis increases with the size of the "warm pool" is tested by comparing the seasonal variation of the warm pool area with the seasonality of the number of tropical cyclones. An analysis based on empirical data from the Northern Hemisphere is presented, where the warm pool associated with tropical cyclone activity is defined as the area, A, enclosed by the 26.5°C SST isotherm. Similar analysis was applied to the temperature weighted area AT with similar results. An intriguing non-linear relationship of high statistical significance was

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27

Zhao, Ming, Isaac M. Held, Shian-Jiann Lin, and Gabriel A. Vecchi. "Simulations of Global Hurricane Climatology, Interannual Variability, and Response to Global Warming Using a 50-km Resolution GCM." Journal of Climate 22, no. 24 (2009): 6653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3049.1.

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Abstract A global atmospheric model with roughly 50-km horizontal grid spacing is used to simulate the interannual variability of tropical cyclones using observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as the lower boundary condition. The model’s convective parameterization is based on a closure for shallow convection, with much of the deep convection allowed to occur on resolved scales. Four realizations of the period 1981–2005 are generated. The correlation of yearly Atlantic hurricane counts with observations is greater than 0.8 when the model is averaged over the four realizations, supporting the

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Barrett, Bradford S., and Lance M. Leslie. "Links between Tropical Cyclone Activity and Madden–Julian Oscillation Phase in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Basins." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 2 (2009): 727–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2602.1.

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Abstract The leading intraseasonal mode of atmospheric and oceanic variability, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), influences tropical and extratropical sea level pressure, temperature, divergent and rotational wind components, moisture, and deep convection. As a 40- to 50-day oscillation, the MJO is also known to influence tropical phenomena, including tropical cyclone (TC) activity in various TC basins. The links between the MJO and multiple measures of TC activity, including genesis, landfall, and an integrative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index, were quantified for multiple TC-forma

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Chen, Jan-Huey, and Shian-Jiann Lin. "Seasonal Predictions of Tropical Cyclones Using a 25-km-Resolution General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 26, no. 2 (2013): 380–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00061.1.

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Abstract Retrospective seasonal predictions of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the three major ocean basins of the Northern Hemisphere are performed from 1990 to 2010 using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) at 25-km resolution. Atmospheric states are initialized for each forecast, with the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) “persisted” from that at the starting time during the 5-month forecast period (July–November). Using a five-member ensemble, it is shown that the storm counts of both tropical storm (TS) and hurricane categories are highly pr

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Joshi, Drumil, Fawzan Sayed, Harsh Jain, Jai Beri, Yukti Bandi, and Dr Sunil Karamchandani. "A Cloud Native Machine Learning based Approach for Detection and Impact of Cyclone and Hurricanes on Coastal Areas of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (2021): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07149.

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Tropical Storms are one of the most dangerous natural disasters known to man. The concept of predicting these has been around for as long as they have existed. Improvements are made to reduce the error using newer techniques or better processes. In this research paper, we are trying to predict the occurrence of storms from the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans on American land. The data is used to train various machine learning models and comparison is drawn between them to conclude the best for our application. The results are then shown on a map to get a visual representation using the folium

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McTaggart-Cowan, Ron, Lance F. Bosart, John R. Gyakum, and Eyad H. Atallah. "Hurricane Katrina (2005). Part II: Evolution and Hemispheric Impacts of a Diabatically Generated Warm Pool." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 12 (2007): 3927–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2096.1.

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Abstract The landfall of Hurricane Katrina (2005) near New Orleans, Louisiana, on 29 August 2005 will be remembered as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States. By comparison, the extratropical transition (ET) of the system as it accelerates poleward over the following days is innocuous and the system weakens until its eventual demise off the coast of Greenland. The extent of Katrina’s perturbation of the midlatitude flow would appear to be limited given the lack of reintensification or downstream development during ET. However, the slow progression of a strong up

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Bell, Gerald D., Michael S. Halpert, Chester F. Ropelewski, et al. "Climate Assessment for 1998." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 80, no. 5s (1999): S1—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-80.5s.s1.

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The global climate during 1998 was affected by opposite extremes of the ENSO cycle, with one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the historical record continuing during January–early May and Pacific cold episode (La Niña) conditions occurring from JulyñDecember. In both periods, regional temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric circulation patterns across the Pacific Ocean and the Americas were generally consistent with those observed during past warm and cold episodes. Some of the most dramatic impacts from both episodes were observed in the Tropics, where anomalous convection w

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Mueller, Kimberly J., Mark DeMaria, John Knaff, James P. Kossin, and Thomas H. Vonder Haar. "Objective Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Wind Structure from Infrared Satellite Data." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 6 (2006): 990–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf955.1.

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Abstract Geostationary infrared (IR) satellite data are used to provide estimates of the symmetric and total low-level wind fields in tropical cyclones, constructed from estimations of an azimuthally averaged radius of maximum wind (RMAX), a symmetric tangential wind speed at a radius of 182 km (V182), a storm motion vector, and the maximum intensity (VMAX). The algorithm is derived using geostationary IR data from 405 cases from 87 tropical systems in the Atlantic and east Pacific Ocean basins during the 1995–2003 hurricane seasons that had corresponding aircraft data available. The algorithm

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Sutton, Rowan T., and Daniel L. R. Hodson. "Climate Response to Basin-Scale Warming and Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Climate 20, no. 5 (2007): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4038.1.

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Abstract Using experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model, the climate impacts of a basin-scale warming or cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean are investigated. Multidecadal fluctuations with this pattern were observed during the twentieth century, and similar variations—but with larger amplitude—are believed to have occurred in the more distant past. It is found that in all seasons the response to warming the North Atlantic is strongest, in the sense of highest signal-to-noise ratio, in the Tropics. However there is a large seasonal cycle in the climate impacts. The strongest r

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Mei, Wei, Shang-Ping Xie, and Ming Zhao. "Variability of Tropical Cyclone Track Density in the North Atlantic: Observations and High-Resolution Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (2014): 4797–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00587.1.

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Interannual–decadal variability of tropical cyclone (TC) track density over the North Atlantic (NA) between 1979 and 2008 is studied using observations and simulations with a 25-km-resolution version of the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The variability on decadal and interannual time scales is examined separately. On both time scales, a basinwide mode dominates, with the time series being related to variations in seasonal TC counts. On decadal time scales, this mode relates to SST contrasts between the tropical NA and the tropical

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Capra, Lucia, Velio Coviello, Lorenzo Borselli, Víctor-Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, and Raul Arámbula-Mendoza. "Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars: evidence from rainfall-runoff modeling, seismic and video monitoring." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 3 (2018): 781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-781-2018.

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Abstract. The Volcán de Colima, one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico, is commonly affected by tropical rains related to hurricanes that form over the Pacific Ocean. In 2011, 2013 and 2015 hurricanes Jova, Manuel and Patricia, respectively, triggered tropical storms that deposited up to 400 mm of rain in 36 h, with maximum intensities of 50 mm h −1. The effects were devastating, with the formation of multiple lahars along La Lumbre and Montegrande ravines, which are the most active channels in sediment delivery on the south-southwest flank of the volcano. Deep erosion along the river chan

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Kupriyanov, A. "“Soft Power” of the Indian Navy in the Pandemic Era." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-40-51.

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The article describes and analyzes the activities of the Indian Navy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author looks at the experience of the Indian Navy at the beginning of the pandemic, noting that it mainly consisted of helping the states of the Indian Ocean region affected by hurricanes and monsoons, and evacuating Indian citizens and residents of neighboring countries from areas of hostilities. At the same time, the Indian Navy did not have specialized floating hospitals. The author analyzes the situation in which India found itself at the beginning of the pandemic: a gradual slowdown in G

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Shay, Lynn K., and Jodi K. Brewster. "Oceanic Heat Content Variability in the Eastern Pacific Ocean for Hurricane Intensity Forecasting." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 6 (2010): 2110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3189.1.

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Abstract Recent evidence supports the premise that the subsurface ocean structure plays an important role in modulating air–sea fluxes during hurricane passage, which in turn, affects intensity change. Given the generally sparse in situ data, it has been difficult to provide region-to-basin-wide estimates of isotherm depths and upper-ocean heat content (OHC). In this broader context, satellite-derived sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs) from multiple platforms carrying radar altimeters are blended, objectively analyzed, and combined with a hurricane-season climatology to estimate isotherm dep

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Boucharel, Julien, Fei-Fei Jin, Matthew H. England, et al. "Influence of Oceanic Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves on Eastern Pacific Hurricane Activity." Journal of Climate 29, no. 22 (2016): 7941–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0112.1.

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Abstract Recent studies have highlighted the role of subsurface ocean dynamics in modulating eastern Pacific (EPac) hurricane activity on interannual time scales. In particular, the well-known El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge–discharge mechanism has been suggested to provide a good understanding of the year-to-year variability of hurricane activity in this region. This paper investigates the influence of equatorial subsurface subannual and intraseasonal oceanic variability on tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the EPac. That is to say, it examines previously unexplored time scales,

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Lin, I.-I., Chun-Chieh Wu, Kerry A. Emanuel, I.-Huan Lee, Chau-Ron Wu, and Iam-Fei Pun. "The Interaction of Supertyphoon Maemi (2003) with a Warm Ocean Eddy." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 9 (2005): 2635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3005.1.

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Abstract Understanding the interaction of ocean eddies with tropical cyclones is critical for improving the understanding and prediction of the tropical cyclone intensity change. Here an investigation is presented of the interaction between Supertyphoon Maemi, the most intense tropical cyclone in 2003, and a warm ocean eddy in the western North Pacific. In September 2003, Maemi passed directly over a prominent (700 km × 500 km) warm ocean eddy when passing over the 22°N eddy-rich zone in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Analyses of satellite altimetry and the best-track data from the Joint Typhoon

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Zhao, Ming, Isaac M. Held, and Gabriel A. Vecchi. "Retrospective Forecasts of the Hurricane Season Using a Global Atmospheric Model Assuming Persistence of SST Anomalies." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 10 (2010): 3858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3366.1.

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Abstract Retrospective predictions of seasonal hurricane activity in the Atlantic and east Pacific are generated using an atmospheric model with 50-km horizontal resolution by simply persisting sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from June through the hurricane season. Using an ensemble of 5 realizations for each year between 1982 and 2008, the correlations of the model mean predictions with observations of basin-wide hurricane frequency are 0.69 in the North Atlantic and 0.58 in the east Pacific. In the North Atlantic, a significant part of the degradation in skill as compared to a model

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Businger, Steven, Selen Yildiz, and Thomas E. Robinson. "The Impact of Hurricane Force Wind Fields on the North Pacific Ocean Environment." Weather and Forecasting 30, no. 3 (2015): 742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-14-00107.1.

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AbstractThis study analyzes QuikSCAT surface wind data over the North Pacific Ocean to document the distribution of captured fetches in extratropical cyclones that produced hurricane force (HF) wind fields from January 2003 through May 2008. A case study is presented to introduce the datasets, which include surface wind analyses from the Global Forecast System (GFS) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), and wave hindcasts from the third-generation wave model (WAVEWATCH III; hereafter, WW3), in addition to the QuikSCAT surface wind data. The analysis shows significant interannual variability

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Von Ahn, Joan M., Joseph M. Sienkiewicz, and Paul S. Chang. "Operational Impact of QuikSCAT Winds at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 4 (2006): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf934.1.

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Abstract The NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) has revolutionized the analysis and short-term forecasting of winds over the oceans at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center (OPC). The success of QuikSCAT in OPC operations is due to the wide 1800-km swath width, large retrievable wind speed range (0 to in excess of 30 m s−1), ability to view QuikSCAT winds in a comprehensive form in operational workstations, and reliable near-real-time delivery of data. Prior to QuikSCAT, marine forecasters at the OPC made warning and forecast decisions over vast ocean areas based on a limited number of conventiona

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Farfán, Luis M., and Ira Fogel. "Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Humidity Patterns over Southern Baja California, Mexico." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 4 (2007): 1208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3356.1.

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Abstract The influence of tropical cyclone circulations in the distribution of humidity and convection over northwestern Mexico is investigated by analyzing circulations that developed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from 1 July to 21 September 2004. Documented cases having some impact over the Baja California Peninsula include Tropical Storm Blas (13–15 July), Hurricane Frank (23–25 August), Hurricane Howard (2–6 September), and Hurricane Javier (15–20 September). Datasets are derived from geostationary satellite imagery, upper-air and surface station observations, as well as an analysis from an

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Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Gian M. Toyos-González, Janice Pérez-Padilla, Marta A. Rodríguez-López, and Julie Overing. "Mass stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the British Virgin Islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 2 (2000): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499002076.

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The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is an offshore, tropical and subtropical delphinid found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species has only recently been studied, mostly from specimens collected from strandings. While over 52 reports exist for the Atlantic Ocean, only one record exists for the Caribbean Sea. A new record of a mass stranding of pygmy killer whales from the British Virgin Islands is documented and the pathology and life history of the specimens is described, associating the stranding process with the meteorological and oceanographic disturbance of Hurrica

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Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Gian M. Toyos-González, Janice Pérez-Padilla, Marta A. Rodríguez-López, and Julie Overing. "Mass stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the British Virgin Islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 4 (2000): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499002702.

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The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is an offshore, tropical and subtropical delphinid found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species has only recently been studied, mostly from specimens collected from strandings. While over 52 reports exist for the Atlantic Ocean, only one record exists for the Caribbean Sea. A new record of a mass stranding of pygmy killer whales from the British Virgin Islands is documented and the pathology and life history of the specimens is described, associating the stranding process with the meteorological and oceanographic disturbance of Hurrica

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Hall, Timothy, and Michael K. Tippett. "Pacific Hurricane Landfalls on Mexico and SST." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 3 (2017): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0194.1.

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AbstractA statistical model of northeastern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones (TCs) is developed and used to estimate hurricane landfall rates along the coast of Mexico. Mean annual landfall rates for 1971–2014 are compared with mean rates for the extremely high northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) of 2015. Over the full coast, the mean rate and 5%–95% uncertainty range (in parentheses) for TCs that are category 1 and higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale (C1+ TCs) are 1.24 (1.05, 1.33) yr−1 for 1971–2014 and 1.69 (0.89, 2.08) yr−1 for 2015—a difference that is not significant. The in

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Chu, Kekuan, and Zhe-Min Tan. "Annular Typhoons in the Western North Pacific." Weather and Forecasting 29, no. 2 (2014): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-13-00060.1.

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Abstract Annular hurricanes, characterized by annular structure, are a subset of mature-stage intense tropical cyclones, and they tend to be stronger and persist longer than average tropical cyclones. The characteristics of annular hurricanes in the North Atlantic and eastern-central North Pacific Oceans are well documented by Knaff et al. However, little is known about the annular typhoons in the western North Pacific (WNP). This study investigates the general features of annular typhoons in the WNP based on a 20-yr analysis (1990–2009) of global storm-centered infrared brightness temperature

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Merritt-Takeuchi, Ashley M., and Sen Chiao. "Case Studies of Tropical Cyclones and Phytoplankton Blooms over Atlantic and Pacific Regions." Earth Interactions 17, no. 17 (2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2013ei000517.1.

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Abstract This study investigates phytoplankton blooms following the passage of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. The variables of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl-a), precipitation, and storm surface winds were monitored for two case studies, Typhoon Xangsane (2006) and Hurricane Earl (2010). Strong near-surface wind from tropical cyclones creates internal friction, which causes deep nutrient enriched waters to displace from the bottom of the ocean floor up toward the surface. In return, the abundance of upwelled nutrients near the surface provides an i

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Trabing, Benjamin C., and Michael M. Bell. "Understanding Error Distributions of Hurricane Intensity Forecasts during Rapid Intensity Changes." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 6 (2020): 2219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0253.1.

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AbstractThe characteristics of official National Hurricane Center (NHC) intensity forecast errors are examined for the North Atlantic and east Pacific basins from 1989 to 2018. It is shown how rapid intensification (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) influence yearly NHC forecast errors for forecasts between 12 and 48 h in length. In addition to being the tail of the intensity change distribution, RI and RW are at the tails of the forecast error distribution. Yearly mean absolute forecast errors are positively correlated with the yearly number of RI/RW occurrences and explain roughly 20% of the vari

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