Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hutu

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hutu'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hutu"

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Fonseca, Danilo Ferreira da. "Etnicidade de hutus e tutsis no Manifesto Hutu de 1957 (Ethnicity of Tutsis and Hutus in the 1957 Hutu Manifest)." Cadernos de História 17, no. 26 (June 28, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2237-8871.2016v17n26p221.

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<p>O presente artigo visa refletir acerca do modo com que a etnicidade de hutus e tutsi é vivenciada e problematizada na turbulenta década de 1950 de Ruanda, principalmente devido ao processo de independência frente a Bélgica, que foi concretizado em 1962. O foco principal está na maneira que o chamado “Manifesto hutu”, de 1957, compreende e divulga múltiplas faces acerca da etnicidade de hutus e tutsis, envolvendo a relação construída entre os dois grupos e o seu sentimento de pertencimento. O movimento emancipatório de Ruanda possibilita novas reflexões acerca da unidade nacional ruandesa e do pertencimento étnico que os hutus constroem acerca de si mesmos e acerca dos tutsis, em um movimento que funde elementos tradicionais e modernos a partir dos costumes locais e da inserção de instituições ocidentais no país. Tais elementos são centrais para a construção da Revolução hutu de 1959, que rompe com a dominação aristocrática dos tutsis e traz cicatrizes históricas profundas que são reabertas em diferentes momentos da história ruandesa, inclusive no próprio genocídio ocorrido em 1994.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to reflect on the way the Hutu and Tutsi ethnicity is touched upon and problematized in the turbulent 1950s in Rwanda, mainly due independence process in front of Belgium, that was implemented in 1962. The main focus is on so that the called "Hutu Manifest" of 1957 comprises and discloses multiple faces on the ethnicity of Hutus and Tutsis, involving the relationship built between the two groups and their sense of belonging. The emancipatory movement of Rwanda provides new insights about the Rwandan national unity and ethnic belonging that Hutus build about themselves and about the Tutsis, in a move that merge traditional and modern elements from the local customs and the inclusion of estern institutions in the country. These elements are central to Hutu revolution of 1959 building that breaks with the aristocratic domination of Tutsis and back deep historical scars that are reopened at different times of Rwandan history, including genocide occurred in 1994.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:<strong> </strong>Ethnicity. Hutus. Tutsis. Rwanda. Hutu Manifest.</p>
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Carney, J. J. "Beyond Tribalism: The Hutu-Tutsi Question and Catholic Rhetoric in Colonial Rwanda." Journal of Religion in Africa 42, no. 2 (2012): 172–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006612x646178.

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AbstractPost genocide commentaries on colonial Rwandan history have emphasized the centrality of the Hamitic Hypothesis in shaping Catholic leaders’ sociopolitical imagination concerning Hutu and Tutsi identities. For most scholars, the resulting racialist interpretation of Hutu and Tutsi categories poisoned Rwandan society and laid the groundwork for postcolonial ethnic violence. This paper challenges the simplicity of this standard narrative. Not only did colonial Catholic leaders possess a complex understanding of the terms ‘Hutu’ and ‘Tutsi’, but the Hutu-Tutsi question was not the exclusive or even dominant paradigm of late colonial Catholic discourse. Even after the eruption of Hutu-Tutsi tensions in the late 1950s, Catholic bishops and lay elites continued to interpret the Hutu-Tutsi distinction in a wide variety of ways. Catholic attitudes and the escalation of Hutu-Tutsi tensions stemmed more from contextual political factors than immutable anthropological theories, however flawed.
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Gao, Zhipeng. "Mieke Matthyssen: Ignorance is Bliss—The Chinese Art of Not Knowing." Asian Studies 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2023): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.3.301-303.

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Matthyssen’s monograph has an intriguing title: Ignorance is Bliss: The Chinese Art of Not Knowing. The art of not knowing is encapsulated in a pithy Chinese expression: Nande hutu (难得糊涂), which literally translates to “Hard to attain muddleheadedness”. In practice, Nande hutu entails deliberate performance of not knowing, or “playing dumb”, for one to cope with challenging circumstances. For example, a government official might pretend not to see corruption so as to keep a distance from it. More than a survival strategy, Nande hutu also allows one to maintain moral integrity or even achieve spiritual transcendence. As simple as the notion of Nande hutu might appear to be, it requires steadfast self-cultivation in the long run and skilful self-control during social interactions. For all these reasons, Nande hutu became a maxim that for centuries inspired Chinese individuals from varied walks of life. Capturing the sheer complexity of Nande hutu, Matthyssen treats it as the entrance into a labyrinth of Chinese philosophy, politics, social relations, and a cultural history spanning from ancient times to today.
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Jaji, Rose. "Under the shadow of genocide: Rwandans, ethnicity and refugee status." Ethnicities 17, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796815603754.

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This article discusses ethnicity and refugee status among Rwandan refugees self-settled in Nairobi, Kenya. It addresses conflation of Hutu fugitives who participated in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and refugees, and critiques perception of Hutu and Tutsi as mutually exclusive ethnicities with no points of intersection. Framed within the social constructivist approach to identity, the article problematizes ethnic essentialism and wholesale criminalization and stigmatization of Rwandan refugees and, in particular, Hutu ethnicity in ways that silence individual viewpoints emanating from personal experience. Conversely, the article highlights how Rwandan refugees deflect collective guilt and legitimize their refugee status under the shadow of the genocide which was committed by extremist Hutu on Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The refugees’ reaction to association with the genocide confounds theoretically irreconcilable extremes through self-representations centred on experiences that muddle the simplistic perpetrator – victim and guilty – innocent binary. The refugees’ narratives portray victimhood in Rwanda as complex, cyclical and heterogeneous.
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Frisch, Ryan L., and Robert A. Bender. "Properties of the NAC (Nitrogen Assimilation Control Protein)-Binding Site within the ureD Promoter of Klebsiella pneumoniae." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 19 (July 9, 2010): 4821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00883-09.

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ABSTRACT The nitrogen assimilation control protein (NAC) of Klebsiella pneumoniae is a LysR-type transcriptional regulator that activates transcription when bound to a DNA site (ATAA-N5-TnGTAT) centered at a variety of distances from the start of transcription. The NAC-binding site from the hutU promoter (NBS hutU ) is centered at −64 relative to the start of transcription but can activate the lacZ promoter from sites at −64, −54, −52, and −42 but not from sites at −47 or −59. However, the NBSs from the ureD promoter (ureDp) and codB promoter (codBp) are centered at −47 and −59, respectively, and NAC is fully functional at these promoters. Therefore, we compared the activities of the NBS hutU and NBS ureD within the context of ureDp as well as within codBp. The NBS hutU functioned at both of these sites. The NBS ureD has the same asymmetric core as the NBS hutU . Inverting the NBS ureD abolished more than 99% of NAC's ability to activate ureDp. The key to the activation lies in the TnG segment of the TnGTAT half of the NBS ureD . Changing TnG to GnT, TnT, or GnG drastically reduced ureDp activation (to 0.5%, 6%, or 15% of wild-type activation, respectively). The function of the NBS ureD , like that of the NBS hutU , requires that the TnGTAT half of the NBS be on the promoter-proximal (downstream) side of the NBS. Taken together, our data suggest that the positional specificity of an NBS is dependent on the promoter in question and is more flexible than previously thought, allowing considerable latitude both in distance and on the face of the DNA helix for the NBS relative to that of RNA polymerase.
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McNamee, Lachlan. "Mass Resettlement and Political Violence." World Politics 70, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 595–644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887118000138.

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This article examines the relationship between mass resettlement and political conflict. The author theorizes that states can use mass resettlement to extend control over contested frontiers. Settlers whose land rights are politically contested will disproportionately participate in violence to defend the incumbent regime. The theory is tested using data on resettlement and violence in postcolonial Rwanda. The author shows that the Hutu revolutionary regime resettled some 450,000 Hutus after independence to frontier and Tutsi-dominated areas to defend itself against external Tutsi militias. The author contends that the invasion of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in the 1990s threatened the Hutu settler population because the RPF sought the repatriation of Tutsis onto redistributed land and that consequent land insecurity incentivized violence against Tutsis in 1994. The article identifies the positive effect of resettlement on locality violence during the genocide via a geographic regression discontinuity design. A process tracing of one notoriously violent resettled commune supports the theorized causal sequence. In light of these findings, the author suggests that research should refocus on the way that conflict shapes ethnic demography and that, to understand participation in state-sponsored violence, scholars should attend to the threat posed by regime change to individual livelihoods.
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Melvern, Linda. "Moral Equivalence." Journal of International Peacekeeping 22, no. 1-4 (April 8, 2020): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-0220104012.

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Since the very beginning of the Rwandan Genocide of the Tutsis in 1994, members of Hutu Power, the Akazu, and other interested allies of the former government of Rwanda have been conducting a campaign of genocide denial, one in which they blame the Tutsi dominated Rwandan Patriotic Army for carrying out murder of civilians during the civil war in 1994. In this article Linda Melvern examines the role that Hutu Power played in creating the myth of a counter-genocide and the unwitting legitimacy that was given to it by several UN agencies and their associated employees and consultants. Melvern notes that despite overwhelming evidence that demonstrates that there was no ‘counter genocide’, the lies and misinformation planted in the early post-genocide days persist, with some authors making new unsubstantiated claims about a slaughter of those Hutu who did not flee the country in July 1994.
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Waters, Tony. "Tutsi Social Identity in Contemporary Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 2 (June 1995): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021121.

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The literature pointing out that ethnic groups are a social construction has a particular salience in discussion of identity in both East and Central Africa. As numerous authors have noted, there are in fact few linguistic, phenotypical, or social differences between Hutu and Tutsi. Indeed, as all acknowledge, there has been substantial intermarriage, particularly in Rwanda. Nevertheless, as recent events in Rwanda and Burundi illustrate, the presumably ‘socially constructed’ differences between Hutu and Tutsi have become a legitimated reason for murdering one's neighbours. But although cited as the cause of the civil war by virtually every Rwandan, as well as the Western and Tanzanian press, I am also impressed by the fact that at different times and places being ‘Tutsi’ means very different things. My own observations in the Benaco refugee camp for ‘Hutu’ illustrate how quickly and drastically such seemingly ‘fixed’ identities can change.
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Elias, Michel, and Danielle Helbig. "Deux mille collines pour les petits et les grands. Radioscopie des stéréotypes hutu et tutsi au Rwanda et au Burundi." Politique africaine 42, no. 1 (1991): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1991.5475.

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Two thousand hills for the small and the tall : radioscopy of Hutu and Tutsi stereotypes in Rwanda. The west tends to feed itself with stereotypes when dealing with Rwanda and Burundi. During the colonial period, a hierarchy-based racial ideology has established wich distinguishes three courses of identification : Tutsi, Hutu and Twa. This discourse was retained in its broad lines by some anthropologists after indepetulance. More seriously, younger generations in Rwanda and Burundi have internalized this ethnic analysis and their national realities.
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André, Charles. "Phrenology and the Rwandan Genocide." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 76, no. 4 (April 2018): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180022.

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ABSTRACT Belgian colonizers used phrenology to create an irreducible division between the two major groups living for centuries in Rwanda-Urundi. This formed the basis for the implementation of systematic efforts to subdue the large Hutu population. Both the Hutus and the smaller, and initially privileged, Tutsi group soon incorporated the racist discourse, which was pivotal to the gradual increase in violence before and after Rwandan independence in 1962. The Rwandan genocide in 1994 culminated in the horrible pinnacle of this process, involving recurrent episodes of slaughtering. Doctors should not underestimate the racist potential of pseudoscientific misconceptions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hutu"

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Rurangwa, Jean-Marie Vianney. "La question de l’ethnicité au Rwanda." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24120.

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Ce travail qui est une recherche qualitative sur l'ethnicité au Rwanda nous a montré que les critères d'autodéfinition, d'auto-attribution ou d'attribution par les autres à une catégorie ethnique ainsi que la dichotomisation « nous » versus « eux » font que les Hutu, les Twa et les Tutsi sont groupes ethniques distincts malgré la communauté de culture et d'espace géographique. La recherche nous a montré ensuite que les drames répétitifs (pogromes, exils, génocide) qui ont endeuillé le peuple rwandais pendant plusieurs décennies ne sont pas dus à une haine atavique ou viscérale entre les Hutu et les Tutsi mais à une idéologie raciste dont les origines remontent aux temps de la colonisation. La recherche nous a montré enfin que le problème ethnique se pose chaque fois que le pouvoir monopolisé par une poignée de politiciens (Hutu ou Tutsi suivant les époques), commence à être mis en cause. In this work I use qualitative documentary research to explore the problem of ethnicity in Rwanda. I find out that self-definition, self-attribution, and attribution by others, as well as the dichotomization of “us versus them” are sufficient criteria f categorize the Hutus, Tutsis, and Twas as distinct ethnic groups in spite of the community of culture (language, custom, and religion) and of geographic space.My research also shows that the continual conflicts (pogroms, exile, and genocide) that have plagued Rwandan people for several decades are not due to an atavistic or visceral hatred between Hutus and Tutsis, but rather the result of a racist ideology whose roots lie deep in the colonial period. This work has allowed me to confirm the thesis of my research, that the “problem of ethnicity in Rwanda is stoked by an elite (whether Tutsi or Hutu depending on the era) who set their sights on seizing and maintaining power”.
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Malkki, Liisa Helena. "Purity and exile : violence, memory, and national cosmology among Hutu refugees in Tanzania /." Chicago (Ill.) ; London : the University of Chicago press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374804432.

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Picard, Jean-Luc. "Ma'ohi tumu et hutu painu : la construction identitaire dans la littérature contemporaine de Polynésie française." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ017L/document.

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D’abord « Indiens » pour leurs « découvreurs », « peuple de la Bible » pour les missionnaires qui les alphabétisèrent, et « sauvages » pour les écrivains exotiques, les Polynésiens voulurent enfin revendiquer leur propre identité quand la France installa le Centre d’Expérimentation du Pacifique et que les premiers essais nucléaires commencèrent à Moruroa en 1966. Ils se voulurent alors Ma’ohi tumu, autochtones bien ancrés dans le sol de leurs îles. Ils revendiquèrent, pour résister à l’agression, une identité ancienne qui leur permettait de renouer fièrement avec un passé et des traditions qu’ils avaient oubliés. Les premiers écrivains polynésiens se joignirent naturellement à ce mouvement de renouveau identitaire et célébrèrent, avec les autres militants, l’oralité et la terre de leurs ancêtres. Les femmes qui avaient eu assez peu la parole jusqu’alors trouvèrent dans la littérature le moyen de faire enfin entendre leur voix. La littérature, essentiellement féminine, remit peu à peu en cause un modèle identitaire qui privilégiait les valeurs masculines. Les écrivaines participent aujourd’hui à la construction d’une identité polynésienne qui prend en compte les individus et s’ouvre davantage à l’Autre
First referred to as “Indians” by those who “discovered” them, then as “the People of the Bible” by the missionaries who taught them how to read and write and at last as “savages” by exotic writers, Polynesians finally decided to assert their identity as the C.E.P. (nuclear testing center) was set up by France and as tests started in Moruroa in1966. They began to think of themselves as Ma’ohi tumu, that is to say natives solidly rooted in the ground of their islands. In order to resist aggression, they proclaimed an old identity which enabled them to revive traditions as well as a past which they had forgotten about. The first Polynesian writers naturally joined in this identity revival and celebrated, along with other activists, oral tradition together with the land of their ancestors. Women, who up to then had not really been entitled to make their voices heard, found a way to do so through writing. Literature, mainly female, gradually challenged an identity model which foregrounded male values. Nowadays, female writers are taking part into the making of a Polynesian identity which takes individuals into account and is opening up to the Other
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Picard, Jean-Luc Dunis Serge Privat Jean-Marie. "Mā'ohi tumu et hutu pāinu la construction identitaire dans la littérature contemporaine de Polynésie française /." Metz : Université de Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2008/Picard.Jean_Luc.LMZ0817.pdf.

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Sievert, Caitlin. "Hutu Rwandan Refugees of Dzaleka: Double-exile and Its Impact on Conceptions of Home and Identity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34451.

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The majority of empirical literature on refugee identity and homeland attachment focuses on single exile trajectories: one migratory movement out of the homeland and possibly repatriation. It largely neglects more complex experiences of exile and their implications. Double-exile, a second fleeing of one’s homeland after repatriation, adds complexity to our conventional understanding of refugee perceptions of home and identity. This study explores double-exile experiences of the Rwandan Hutu refugee population of Dzaleka refugee camp to examine its impacts on notions of home and identity construction. This ethnographic study found that the Rwandan Hutu refugees have a unique relationship to home and identity. Double-exile ended their sense of belonging to Rwandan society. Thus causing a break in the conventional longing for home and deterritorializing their identity. These impacts are apparent through the juxtaposition of study participants’ notions of home and their experiences of return and double-exile, a lack of connection or desire to return to Rwanda, and an absence of pride in their Rwandan identity and cultural practices. These findings suggest that more importance must be placed on the role of pre-flight experience of refugees as an integral element to their construction of notions of home. It also indicates that, contrary to more conventional exile trajectories where refugee identity is derived from a historical consciousness, double-exile refugees construct identity through a present-focus.
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Isidore, Ndikumana. "An investigation of the role played by education in the Hutu- Tutsi relations in Rwanda ,1916-1959." University of Western Cape, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7385.

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Magister Artium - MA
The Rwandese society is composed of three ethnic groups: Hutus, .Tutsis and Twas who started living together from the 16th century when the kingdom of Rwanda was formed until today.1 From the early 20th century up to recently in 1994 with Tutsi Genocide, there were different ethnic conflicts between Hutus and Tutsis (Twas constituted only a small percentage of the total Rwandan population thus inevitably becoming an insignificant group in those ethnic conflicts).
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Mohamed, Abdul Latif. "Genocide in Rwanda : the interplay of human capital, scarce resources and social cohesion." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FMohamed.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert McNab, Robert E. Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-111). Also available online.
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Okinedo, Omovutotu Emmanuel, and Tania Mwiza. "Impacts of colonialism in Africa: A case study of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Conflicts in Burundi." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21542.

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This thesis describes the perceptions of the Hutu/Tutsi communities in Bujumbura on the origin of ethnic conflicts in Burundi. With the use of a qualitative research method, this thesis describes the history and origin of ethnicity and ethnic identity between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Focusing on the case study approach, both secondary and primary research methods are used in the process of data sources with emphasis on the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras of the country. The thesis findings show that ethnicity in Burundi has changed over the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras. The ethnic structures in Burundi changed from that of togetherness in the pre-colonial period to that of hatred in both the colonial and post-colonial eras. The way forward for Burundi is to change the governance structures in the country so as to dismantle the colonial structures and shift back to the traditional pre-colonial structures.
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Drozenová, Blanka. "Postavení vybraných zemí východní Afriky ve světové ekonomice a perspektivy jejich budoucího vývoje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73748.

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This thesis deals with the position of the selected countries of East Africa in the world economy and prospects of their future development. The first chapter provides basic information about Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda. The second chapter belongs to the most important ones and deals with the historical context. The third part adds some information about the UN approach to the events in this territory. The fourth chapter is devoted to foreign policy orientation. The next two chapters are the most significant ones: the fifth part deals with development of economy and current economic situation, the sixth part discusses foreign trade. The last chapter provides an outlook for the future of these African countries.
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Dinguenza, Nzietsi Conchita. "L'ONU face à la crise rwandaise de 1990 à 1996." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0037/document.

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Devant le déclenchement des hostilités entre le FPR et les FAR en 1990, l'organisation des Nations Unies à la demande des deux parties, choisit de s'impliquer directement. Mais l'intervention de l'ONU et l'envoi des casques bleus qui survient après la signature des Accords d'Arusha de 1993 afin d'accompagner lesdits accords, n'arrête cependant pas la montée des violences et de l'extrémisme Hutu. Les différentes résolutions du Conseil de sécurité, loin d'accorder plus de pouvoir aux casques bleus, créent au contraire une situation d'immobilisme général, favorisant au printemps 1994 la reprise des combats et le génocide des Tutsi et des Hutu modérés. Le drame humanitaire que connaît le Rwanda pendant et après les affrontements et les massacres, nous interpelle sur le véritable rôle des Nations Unies dans la gestion de ce conflit, et plus généralement dans le monde de l'après guerre froide
Before the outbreak of hostilities between the RPF and the FAR in 1990, the United Nations became directly involved after both parties asked it to arbitrate the conflict. But the intervention of the UN and the deployment of peacekeepers that came after the agreement of Arusha in 1993 in order to accompany the agreements did not stop violence and the rise of Hutu extremism yet. The various resolutions of the UN Security Council, far from granting more power to peacekeepers, instead created a situation of stagnation favoring the resumption of fights in 1994 and the genocide of Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The humanitarian tragedy facing Rwanda during and after the clashes and massacres appeals us on the proper role of the United Nations in the management of this conflict in particular, and in the post-cold war world in general
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Books on the topic "Hutu"

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Uwe, Hoering, ed. Zum Beispiel Hutu und Tutsi. Göttingen: Lamuv, 1997.

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Verlinden, Peter. Hutu en Tutsi: Eeuwen strijd. Leuven: Davidsfonds, 1995.

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Ndarubagiye, Léonce. Burundi: Les origines du conflit Hutu-Tutsi. Châtelet [Belgium]: L. Ndarubagiye, 1995.

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Fusaschi, Michela. Hutu-Tutsi: Alle radici del genocidio rwandese. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 2000.

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(Congo), Club Nyiragongo. Contribution à la connaissance des peuples de l'Est de la R.D. Congo: Cas des Hutu du Nord-Kivu. Kinshasa: "Droit et vérité", 2002.

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Ndarubagiye, Léonce. Burundi: The origins of the Hutu-Tutsi conflict. Nairobi, Kenya: L. Ndarubagiye, 1996.

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Muhindo, Léonard Kambere. Regard sur les conflicts des nationalités au Congo: Cas des Hutu et Tutsi (Banyamulenge) aux Kivu. Kinshasa: Editions YIRA, 1998.

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Estepa, Luis. Mitos y cuentos del exilio de Ruanda. Oiartzun, Guipuzcoa: Sendoa, 2001.

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Mbonimpa, Melchior. Hutu, Tutsi, Twa: Pour une société sans castes au Burundi. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1993.

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Mbonimpa, Melchior. La "pax americana" en Afrique des Grands Lacs. Hull, Québec: Editions Vents d'Ouest, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hutu"

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Bachmann, Klaus. "The Hutu Nation State." In A History of Rwanda, 141–70. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003291923-6.

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Nduwamungu, Marcelline. "Aggravated Trauma and Insecurity Among Rwandan Hutu Refugees." In Repatriation, Insecurity, and Peace, 53–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2850-7_4.

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Sundararajan, Louise. "Postscript: Hutu at the Crossroads of Knowledge and Information." In Ignorance is Bliss: The Chinese Art of Not Knowing, 345–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73902-7_9.

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Jessee, Erin. "Considering Silences: Hutu Survivors? Tutsi Génocidaires? And What of the Twa?" In Negotiating Genocide in Rwanda, 215–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45195-4_7.

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Sundararajan, Louise. "Correction to: Postscript: Hutu at the Crossroads of Knowledge and Information." In Ignorance is Bliss: The Chinese Art of Not Knowing, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73902-7_10.

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Yonekawa, Masako. "New-Caseload Hutu Refugees’ Flight and Their Refusal to Return (1994–1997)." In Post-Genocide Rwandan Refugees, 39–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6756-3_3.

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Hedlund, Anna. "“We Are Not Part of Their War”: Hutu Women’s Experiences of Rebel Life in the Eastern DRC Conflict." In A Gendered Lens for Genocide Prevention, 111–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60117-9_6.

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Elkins, Evan. "Hulu." In From Networks to Netflix, 333–41. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315658643-31.

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Elkins, Evan. "Hulu." In From Networks to Netflix, 325–34. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003099499-34.

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Ferguson, Lisa. "Hut Hut, Ten Hut." In Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk, 1–10. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003461524-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hutu"

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Agata Kantarek, Anna, and Ivor Samuels. "Nowa Huta, Krakow, Poland. Old Urbanism, New Urbanism?" In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6463.

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This paper considers the first stage of Nova Huta New Town built near Krakow in the 1950s. In contrast to UK and US new settlements of the post war period it is a high density apartment block development which was ignored in the literature for more than half a century because its design, based on a system of streets, is in contrast with contemporary forms of development, either low density garden city or higher density free standing apartment blocks. A discussion of its neglect and the recent rediscovery of its qualities, both in Poland and by exponents of the US New Urbanism (part of the Urban Morphology spectrum somewhat neglected by ISUF) leads to a systematic investigation of the development, its influences and how this project conceived in a radically different political and economic context, matches or departs from the tenets of the Charter for the New Urbanism. The extent to which the context has determined the differences leads to a conclusion discussing the enduring qualities and contemporary relevance of inherited urban forms. References: Biedrzycka A., Chyb A., Fryźlewicz M. (ed.) Nowa Huta - architektura i twórcy miasta idealnego. Niezrealizowane projekty, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, Kraków 2006. Gauthier,P. and J. Gilliland (2006), ‘Mapping urban morphology: a classification scheme for interpreting contributions to the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 10.1, 41-50 Hatherley, O.(2015) Landscapes of Communism. A history through buildings (Allen Lane,London). Juchnowicz, S. (2005) ‘Nowa Huta-przeszłość i wizja. Z doświadczeń warsaztatu projektowego in Nowa Huta-przyszłość i wizja’. Studium muzeum rozprosznego, Biblioteka Krzysztoforska, Krakow. Lisowski, B. (1968) Modern architecture in Poland (Polonia Publishing House, Warsaw). Plater Zyberk, E. (2015) ‘Traditional urbanism: design policy and case studies’. in Jeleński et al eds. Tradition and heritage in the contemporary image of the city, Volume 1, Wyd. Politechniki Krakowskiej, Krakow. p160-171. The Congress for the New Urbanism (1999) Charter of the New Urbanism (1999) (https://www.cnu.org/who-we-are/charter-new-urbanism) accessed 4 January 2017. Wyrozumski J. (eds.) Narodziny Nowej Huty Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii i Zabytków Krakowa, Kraków, 1999.
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Lan-Chi, Chien. "Huhu." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2013 Computer Animation Festival. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2503541.2503581.

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Xu, Xiaoran, Laming Chen, Songpeng Zu, and Hanning Zhou. "Hulu video recommendation." In RecSys '18: Twelfth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3240323.3241730.

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Han, D., D. Andersen, M. Kaminsky, D. Papagiannaki, and S. Seshan. "Hulu in the neighborhood." In 2011 Third International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2011.5716501.

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"HUT-ICCE 2008." In 2008 Second International Conference on Communications and Electronics. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cce.2008.4578922.

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Leach, Neil. "Emergent Inactivities: From the primitive hut to the cerebral hut." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.145.

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Gosselin, O., S. I. Aanonsen, I. Aavatsmark, A. Cominelli, R. Gonard, M. Kolasinski, F. Ferdinandi, L. Kovacic, and K. Neylon. "History Matching Using Time-lapse Seismic (HUTS)." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/84464-ms.

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Vieritz, Helmut, Daniel Schilberg, and Sabina Jeschke. "Access to UML diagrams with the HUTN." In the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2384916.2384971.

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Hu Jiang and Qianni Deng. "Barnes-hut treecode on GPU." In 2010 International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2010.5687868.

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Lahtinen, J., and M. Hallikainen. "Calibration of HUT polarimetric radiometer." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.702912.

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Reports on the topic "Hutu"

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Darity Jr., William, M’Balou M’Balou Camara, and Nancy MacLean. Setting the Record Straight on the Libertarian South African Economist W. H. Hutt and James M. Buchanan. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp184.

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In their stormy response to Nancy MacLean’s book Democracy in Chains, some academics on the libertarian right have conducted a concerted defense of Nobel Laureate James Buchanan’s credentials as an anti-racist, or at least a non-racist. An odd component of their argument is a claim of innocence by association: the peripatetic South African economist and Mont Pelerin Society founding member William Harold Hutt was against apartheid; Buchanan was a friend and supporter of Hutt; therefore, Buchanan could not have been abetting segregationists with his support for public funding of segregationist private schools. At the core of this chain of argument is the inference that Hutt’s opposition to apartheid proves that Hutt himself was committed to racial equality. However, just as there were white supremacists who opposed slavery in the United States, we demonstrate Hutt was a white supremacist who opposed apartheid in South Africa. We document how Hutt embraced notions of black inferiority, even in The Economics of the Colour Bar, his most ferocious attack on apartheid. Whether or not innocence by association is a sound defense of anyone’s ideology or conduct, Hutt, himself, was not innocent of white supremacy.
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Reilly, Elena, Elizabeth Serlemitsos, and Julieth Sebba Bilakwate. Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia: Ushiriki wa watoto katika muktadha wa milipuko ya magonjwa Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika. Institute of Development Studies, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.016.

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Mikakati bora ya ushiriki wa watoto ni muhimu ili kuboresha mwitikio wa milipuko ya magonjwa na kupunguza athari zake huku ikihakikisha ulinzi, ustawi na ustahimilivu wa watoto. Watoto wanapoelewa milipuko ya magonjwa, wana uwezo bora wa kuvumilia, kuchangia na kupona. Hii inakuza ustawi, inalinda watoto na inatambua nafasi yao. Eneo la Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika (ESA) linakabiliwa na milipuko ya magonjwa ikiwa ni pamoja na Ebola na homa nyingine za kutokwa damu, surua, kipindupindu, kimeta na homa ya uti wa mgongo, yote ambayo yanaweza kuathiri watoto kwa kiasi kikubwa. Muhtasari huu unaangazia kwa nini, lini na jinsi ya kuwashirikisha watoto katika hatua za kuzuia, kukabiliana na kupona milipuko ya magonjwa. Kutokana na machapisho yaliyochapishwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ripoti za mradi, na uzoefu mpana wa waandishi, utoa mwongozo wa kusaidia kubuni na kukuza mikakati ya mawasiliano na ushiriki inayowafaa watoto inayohusiana na milipuko ya magonjwa. Muhtasari unahusu juhudi zinazohusisha watoto na vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 18 na unapendekeza madaraja matatu ya ushiriki. Mashirika na watendaji wanaweza kuchagua daraja kulingana na malengo ya shirika, rasilimali na utayari wa kushirikiana na watoto.
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Lusiana, B., R. Widodo, E. Mulyoutami, D. A. Nugroho, and M. van Noordwijk. Kajian Kondisi Hidrologis DAS Kapuas Hulu,Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat ICRAF Working Paper no. 60. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15426.pdf.

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B., Lusiana, Widodo R., Mulyoutami E., Nugroho D.A., and van Noordwijk M. Assessing hydrological situation of Kapuas Hulu basin, Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan ICRAF Working paper no. 57. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp08253.pdf.

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Lusiana, B., R. Widodo, E. Mulyoutami, D. A. Nugroho, and M. van Noordwijk. Assessing hydrological situation of Kapuas Hulu basin, Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan ICRAF Working paper no. 57. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15420.pdf.

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Scherpelz, R. I. HUDU: The Hanford Unified Dose Utility computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6030519.

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Tanika, Lisa, Betha Lusiana, and Adis Hendriatna. Simulasi Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Iklim di DAS Citarum Hulu dengan Model GenRiver: Kalibrasi model dan analisa sensitivitas. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20048.pdf.

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Alih guna lahan dan perubahan iklim merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi hidrologi di suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), dan yang dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas fungsi DASdalam mempertahankan keseimbangan neraca air di tingkat bentang alam. Oleh karena itu pengelolaan DAS yang didukung dengan perencanaan DAS terpadu yang juga mengatur peruntukan dan pemafaatan wilayah sangat diperlukan. Langkah awal dalam perencanaan DAS adalah dengan menilai kondisi fungsi hidrologi DAS tersebut dengat tujuan mengetahui apakah DAS mulai atau telah mengalami degradasi, atau sebaliknya mulai mengalami perbaikan fungsi DAS. Model simulasi seperti model Genriver dapat digunakan menilai kondisi saat ini serta memproyeksikan bagaimana dampak perubahan lahan dan iklim terhadap kondisi hidrologis DAS. Salah satu DAS penting di Jawa Barat adalah DAS Citarum Hulu sebagi bagian dari DAS Citarum yang telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu DAS prioritas nasional. Kalibrasi model dan analisis sensitivitas menjadi bagian penting untuk mengetahui kelayakan suatu model hidrologi dalam mensimulasikan kondisi DAS, khususnya dalam mengestimasi neraca air di tingkat lansekap. Hasil kalibrasi model GenRiver dengan menggunakan data tahun 2012-2016 menunjukkan bahwa parameterisasi model telah berhasil dan model layak digunakan untuk analisa sensitivitas dan simulasi skenario. Hasil simulasi model, menunjukan bahwa secara rata-rata 37% curah hujan yang jatuh di DAS Citarum Hulu menjadi aliran permukaan (surface flow/run-off), 7% menjadi aliran bawah permukaan (sub-surface flow) dan 20% menjadi aliran dasar (baseflow). Analisa senssitivitas dilakukan dengan menyusun lima skenario tutupan lahan dan tiga skenario curah hujan yang dianggap mewakili berbagai kondisi yang mungkin termasuk kondisi ekstrim: yaitu keseluruhan lahan menjadi area terbuka (ekstrim negatif) dan seluruh lahan menjadi hutan (ekstrim positif). Hasil proyeksi simulasi ekstrim negatif menunjukan bahwa kondisi DAS Citarum Hulu yang terdegradasi dengan dominasi lahan terbuka berpotensi meningkatkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 70% dari curah hujan. Sedangkan perbaikan tutupan lahan DAS Citarum hulu dengan reforestasi (skenario ekstrim positif) mampu menurunkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 20% dari total curah hujan.
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Widianto, D. Suprayogo, Sudarto, and I. D. Lestariningsih. Implementasi Kaji Cepat Hidrologi (RHA) di Hulu DAS Brantas, Jawa Timu. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp10338.pdf.

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E., Fripp, and Shantiko B. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES): Assessment of PES Potential in Kapuas Hulu. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005406.

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B., Shantiko, Fripp E., Taufiqoh T., Heri V., and Laumonier Y. Socio-economic considerations for land use planning: The case of Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004349.

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