Relevant bibliographies by topics / HVAC part of heating system

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'HVAC part of heating system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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Usoro, P. B., I. C. Schick, and S. Negahdaripour. "An Innovation-Based Methodology for HVAC System Fault Detection." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3140737.

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Although Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCS) have since the early 1970’s contributed significantly to the reduction (20-40 percent) of energy use in buildings without sacrificing occupants’ comfort, their full capabilities have not been completely realized. This is in part due to their inability to quickly detect and compensate for failures in the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. In fact, no matter how good the control scheme for the HVAC system might be, the presence of undetected faults can completely offset any expected savings. This paper presents a methodology for detecting faults in an HVAC system using a nonlinear mathematical model and an extended Kalman filter. The technique was implemented in a computer program and successfully used to detect “planted” faults in simulations of the air handler unit of an HVAC system. Test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.
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Cheng, Chin-Chi, and Dasheng Lee. "Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Control and the Unmet Demand for Sensors: Part 1. Problem Formulation and the Hypothesis." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051131.

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In this study, information pertaining to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology for improving the performance of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems was collected. Among the 18 AI tools developed for HVAC control during the past 20 years, only three functions, including weather forecasting, optimization, and predictive controls, have become mainstream. Based on the presented data, the energy savings of HVAC systems that have AI functionality is less than those equipped with traditional energy management system (EMS) controlling techniques. This is because the existing sensors cannot meet the required demand for AI functionality. The errors of most of the existing sensors are less than 5%. However, most of the prediction errors of AI tools are larger than 7%, except for the weather forecast. The normalized Harris index (NHI) is able to evaluate the energy saving percentages and the maximum saving rations of different kinds of HVAC controls. Based on the NHI, the estimated average energy savings percentage and the maximum saving rations of AI-assisted HVAC control are 14.4% and 44.04%, respectively. Data regarding the hypothesis of AI forecasting or prediction tools having less accuracy forms Part 1 of this series of research.
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Gálvez, Antonio, Dammika Seneviratne, and Diego Galar. "Hybrid Model Development for HVAC System in Transportation." Technologies 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9010018.

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Hybrid models combine physics-based models and data-driven models. This combination is a useful technique to detect fault and predict the current degradation of equipment. This paper proposes a physics-based model, which will be part of a hybrid model, for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system installed in the passenger vehicle of a train. The physics-based model is divided into four main parts: heating subsystems, cooling subsystems, ventilation subsystems, and cabin thermal networking subsystems. These subsystems are developed when considering the sensors that are located in the real system, so the model can be linked via the acquired sensor data and virtual sensor data to improve the detectability of failure modes. Thus, the physics-based model can be synchronized with the real system to provide better simulation results. The paper also considers diagnostics and prognostics performance. First, it looks at the current situation of the maintenance strategy for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning system, and the number of failure modes that the maintenance team can detect. Second, it determines the expected improvement using hybrid modelling to maintain the system. This improvement is based on the capabilities of detecting new failure modes. The paper concludes by suggesting the future capabilities of hybrid models.
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Zhao, Jing, and Yu Shan. "A Fuzzy Control Strategy Using the Load Forecast for Air Conditioning System." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030530.

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The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems is a major part of energy consumption in buildings. Optimal control strategies have been increasingly developed in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, a load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control strategy was proposed. The predictive load based on the SVM method was used as the input parameter of the fuzzy controller to perform feedforward fuzzy control on the HVAC system. This control method was considered as an effective way to reduce energy consumption while ensuring indoor comfort, which can solve the problem of hysteresis and inaccuracy in building HVAC systems by controlling the HVAC system in advance. The case study was conducted on a ground source heat pump system in Tianjin University to validate the proposed control strategy. In addition, the advantages of the LFF control strategy were verified by comparing with two feedback control strategies, which are the supply water temperature (SWT) control strategy and the room temperature fuzzy (RTF) control strategy. Results show that the proposed LFF control strategy is capable not only to ensure the minimum indoor temperature fluctuations but also decrease the total energy consumption.
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Nie, Zelin, Feng Gao, and Chao-Bo Yan. "A Multi-Timescale Bilinear Model for Optimization and Control of HVAC Systems with Consistency." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020400.

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Reducing the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems while ensuring users’ comfort is of both academic and practical significance. However, the-state-of-the-art of the optimization model of the HVAC system is that either the thermal dynamic model is simplified as a linear model, or the optimization model of the HVAC system is single-timescale, which leads to heavy computation burden. To balance the practicality and the overhead of computation, in this paper, a multi-timescale bilinear model of HVAC systems is proposed. To guarantee the consistency of models in different timescales, the fast timescale model is built first with a bilinear form, and then the slow timescale model is induced from the fast one, specifically, with a bilinear-like form. After a simplified replacement made for the bilinear-like part, this problem can be solved by a convexification method. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of this model.
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Baumeister, Joachim, Jörg Weise, Sebastian Myslicki, Esther Kieseritzky, and Götz Lindenberg. "PCM-Based Energy Storage System with High Power Output Using Open Porous Aluminum Foams." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 6198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236198.

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Thermal comfort (heating, ventilation and air conditioning, HVAC) and the energy consumption involved with it can put a strain on the driving range of fully electric vehicles (FEV), especially in certain times of the year as midsummer or winter. In order to reduce the energy consumption of HVAC, improved thermal management and adapted means of energy storage are needed. One part of the solution can be the use of phase change materials (PCM) for storing waste heat. For the specific application, however, a high loading/unloading power rate is required, which is challenging as the PCMs exhibit low heat conductivities. In the presented work, a storage demonstrator system was investigated which is part of an HVAC system of a specific fully electric vehicle. The profile of requirements of the system (power, stored capacity and allowed volume) make a new design of the storage necessary. Two demonstrator units, in which the PCM was combined with aluminum foam, were manufactured and their power output in dependency on the fluid flow of the coolant system was compared. An adapted squeeze casting process with polymer placeholders was used for the production of the aluminium foam. This process results in foams with a specific pore structure and allows the in-situ integration of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) pipes. Both newly developed PCM storage systems satisfy the HVAC system requirements.
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Gulan, Martin, Michal Salaj, and Boris Rohal’-Ilkiv. "Application of adaptive multivariable Generalized Predictive Control to a HVAC system in real time." Archives of Control Sciences 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acsc-2014-0005.

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Abstract This paper presents the application of a Multivariable Generalized Predictive Controller (MGPC) for simultaneous temperature and humidity control in a Heating, Ventilating and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) system. The multivariable controlled process dynamics is modeled using a set of MISO models on-line identified from measured input-output process data. The controller synthesis is based on direct optimization of selected quadratic cost function with respect to amplitude and rate input constraints. Efficacy of the proposed adaptive MGPC algorithm is experimentally demonstrated on a laboratory-scale model of HVAC system. To control the airconditioning part of system the designed multivariable predictive controller is considered in a cascade dual-rate control scheme with PID auxiliary controllers.
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Pokorný, Jan, Barbora Kopečková, Jan Fišer, and Miroslav JÍcha. "Simulator with integrated HW and SW for prediction of thermal comfort to provide feedback to the climate control system." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002085.

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The aim of the paper is to assemble a simulator for evaluation of thermal comfort in car cabins in order to give a feedback to the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system. The HW (hardware) part of simulator is formed by thermal manikin Newton and RH (relative humidity), velocity and temperature probes. The SW (software) part consists of the Thermal Comfort Analyser (using ISO 14505-2) and Virtual Testing Stand of Car Cabin defining the heat loads of car cabin. Simulator can provide recommendation for the climate control how to improve thermal comfort in cabin by distribution and directing of air flow, and also by amount of ventilation power to keep optimal temperature inside a cabin. The methods of evaluation of thermal comfort were verified by tests with 10 test subjects for summer (summer clothing, ambient air temperature 30 °C, HVAC setup: +24 °C auto) and winter conditions (winter clothing, ambient air temperature -5 °C, HVAC setup: +18 °C auto). The tests confirmed the validity of the thermal comfort evaluation using the thermal manikin and ISO 14505-2.
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Wu, Yan Peng, and Hai Shan Xia. "Comparison and Selection of HVAC Schemes for Weihai Baidu City." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.681.

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The second phase of Weihai Baidu City project plans to become a three-star certificated program which is labled by China’s enviromental building evaluation. Heating and ventilated air conditioning program is one of the most important aspects in evaluation of energy saving. Feasibility study on GSHP, GWHP, air-source heat pump, seawater source heat pump were carried out, it’s confirmed that the most energy-saving and reliable way is that using municipal pipe networks for heating in winter and using split air conditioning or multi-connected air-conditioning system in summer. Summer air-conditioning adopts the new idea “part of time, part of space", representative the latest concept of energy efficiency in buildings in China.
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Ivanova, Viliya, Igor Ivanov, and Igor Kiselev. "Developing an automated control system using the IEC 61131-3 programming language." Energy Safety and Energy Economy, 6 (December 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2020-6-44-49.

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This paper presents a novel HVAC automated control system built on a programmable logic controller. The system was designed using one of the IEC 61131 programming languages being used for programming PLCs. It means a significantly wider range of control options compared to conventional systems. Also we propose an upgrade option for an air supply unit with water heating, the key idea of which is implementing qualitative control instead of quantitative one. The mixing part including a three-way valve and recirculating pump provides control of heater water temperature lowering possibility of occurring frost under low temperatures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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Musil, Zdeněk. "Teplovzdušný vytápěcí a větrací systém pro nízkoenergetický rodinný dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230423.

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The diploma thesis deals with warm-air heating and ventilation system of energyefficient family house. The part of thesis is theoretical introduction to low-energy and passive houses, ventilation and heating. The proposal itself is based on the applicable standards and includes all progressive steps, including the calculation of the thermal performance and sizing individual parts of the system. The drawing project documentation is listed in appendixes.
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Unruh, Cassie, Austin Johnson, and Lisa Nordman. "Residential Telemetry Applications for HVAC Control." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595643.

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ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
Much of the energy consumed in developed countries is for residential heating and cooling. Substantial savings are possible if one can monitor the indoor environment at many locations, and then actively control the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. This project uses a wireless sensor array and dedicated microcontroller system to control a residential HVAC system. A low data rate, ad-hoc network of sensors is deployed throughout a residence, with the data sent to a central controller. A graphical user interface allows the resident to monitor the system status, and to set parameters.
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Smith, Shaun J. "Determination of k-factors of HVAC system components using measurement and CFD modelling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11059/.

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This thesis conforms conventional and advanced experimental techniques for the measurement of and mathematical prediction of velocity pressure-loss factors (k-factors) for fittings used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. After an extensive study of different tracer-gas experimental techniques, the constant injection method is applied to various duct fittings on a small scale HVAC system situated in a laboratory. The results are compared with those of experiments performed using a more conventional technique using a Pitot-static tube. The basis of the experimental procedure is to achieve an accurate method of measuring the mean air velocity within a duct. This allows an accurate estimate of the velocity pressure-lossf actor to be obtained. A wide variety of duct fittings are investigated experimentally and numerically including bends, transitions, branches, inlets, outlets and obstructions such as orifice plates, wire mesh and lateral pipe obstructions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to each duct fitting tested in the lab. A commercially available package FLUENT is used with a high powered computer to simulate the airflow through various duct fittings. The pressure loss and velocity vectors are predicted for each particular duct fitting and therefore a prediction for k-factors is obtained. k-factor predictions are compared with experimental results and published data given in ASHRAE and CIBSE guides in order to assess the accuracy of CFD prediction. It is shown that as an accurate method for prediction of k-factors in duct fittings, CFD is a useful tool for the design and development of HVAC systems. The application of CFD allows the designer to vary any duct component with ease to observe the effect on a particular duct fitting without incurring the expense of laboratory experimentation. It is also shown that values of current published kfactors are greatly over estimated leading to oversizing of HVAC system fans. Experimentally produced k-factors obtained using the tracer-gas method and CFD predictions are approximately 20% lower than current data available to HVAC system designers. CFD may be applied to various applications in the field of heat-pumps and refrigeration systems. A detailed investigation is carried out here to compare CFD prediction and experimental results of several low pressure and high pressure ejectors commonly found in refrigerator absorption cycles. The compressible flow of refrigerants was modelled through an ejector to obtain a prediction of the entrainment ratio ( i. e. the ejector's ability to entrain a refrigerant from an evaporator using a hot main flow through a nozzle). These predictions were then compared with experimental results and this indicated that CFD could serve as a useful tool in the design of refrigeration systems. Application of CFD has also been studied in relation to the investigation of pressure loss through different types of evaporator/condensecr oils found in heat pump systems; here the design of such coils is important to the operating efficiency. The pressure loss across heat-pipes found in ducted flows is also predicted using CFD; in this case the geometry and the thermal conditions play an important role in the overall pressure loss.
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Lambert, Geoffrey C. "The development of a unique algorithm for the solution of HVAC system design optimisation problems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359199.

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Sklavounos, Dimitris C. "Detection of abnormal situations and energy efficiency control in Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12843.

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This research is related to the control of energy consumption and efficiency in building Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and is primarily concerned with controlling the function of heating. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a control system that can achieve the following two main control functions: a) detection of unexpected indoor conditions that may result in unnecessary power consumption and b) energy efficiency control regarding optimal balancing of two parameters: the required energy consumption for heating, versus thermal comfort of the occupants. Methods of both orientations were developed in a multi-zone space composed of nine zones where each zone is equipped with a wireless node consisting of temperature and occupancy sensors while all the scattered nodes together form a wireless sensor network (WSN). The main methods of both control functions utilize the potential of the deterministic subspace identification (SID) predictive model which provides the predicted temperature of the zones. In the main method for detecting unexpected situations that can directly affect the thermal condition of the indoor space and cause energy consumption (abnormal situations), the predictive temperature from the SID model is compared with the real temperature and thus possible temperature deviations that indicate unexpected situations are detected. The method successfully detects two situations: the high infiltration gain due to unexpected cold air intake from the external surroundings through potential unforeseen openings (windows, exterior doors, opened ceilings etc) as well as the high heat gain due to onset of fire. With the support of the statistical algorithm for abrupt change detection, Cumulative Sum (CUSUM), the detection of temperature deviations is accomplished with accuracy in a very short time. The CUSUM algorithm is first evaluated at an initial approach to detect power diversions due to the above situations caused by the aforementioned exogenous factors. The predicted temperature of the zone from the SID model utilized appropriately also by the main method of the second control function for energy efficiency control. The time needed for the temperature of a zone to reach the thermal comfort zone threshold from a low initial value is measured by the predicted temperature evolution, and this measurement bases the logic of a control criterion for applying proactive heating to the unoccupied zones or not. Additional key points for the control criterion of the method is the occupation time of the zones as well as the remaining time of the occupants in the occupied zones. Two scenarios are examined: the first scenario with two adjacent zones where the one is occupied and the other is not, and the second scenario with a multi-zone space where the occupants are moving through the zones in a cascade mode. Gama and Pareto probability distributions modeled the occupation times of the two-zone scenario while exponential distribution modeled the cascade scenario as the least favorable case. The mobility of the occupants modeled with a semi-Markov process and the method provides satisfactory and reasonable results. At an initial approach the proactive heating of the zones is evaluated with specific algorithms that handle appropriately the occupation time into the zones.
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Daily, Ellen Wilmoth Matthews Sarkees-Wircenski Michelle. "Metro Environmental the impact of training HVAC technicians using the SightPros-VirTechs system for remote, wireless, internet video assistance /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12112.

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Korolija, Ivan. "Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system energy demand coupling with building loads for office buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5501.

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The UK building stock accounts for about half of all energy consumed in the UK. A large portion of the energy is consumed by nondomestic buildings. Offices and retail are the most energy intensive typologies within the nondomestic building sector, typically accounting for over 50% of the nondomestic buildings’ total energy consumption. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the largest energy end use in the nondomestic sector, with energy consumption close to 50% of total energy consumption. Different HVAC systems have different energy requirements when responding to the same building heating and cooling demands. On the other hand, building heating and cooling demands depend on various parameters such as building fabrics, glazing ratio, building form, occupancy pattern, and many others. HVAC system energy requirements and building energy demands can be determined by mathematical modelling. A widely accepted approach among building professionals is to use building energy simulation tools such as EnergyPlus, IES, DOE2, etc. which can analyse in detail building energy consumption. However, preparing and running simulations in such tools is usually very complicated, time consuming and costly. Their complexity has been identified as the biggest obstacle. Adequate alternatives to complex building energy simulation tools are regression models which can provide results in an easier and faster way. This research deals with the development of regression models that enable the selection of HVAC systems for office buildings. In addition, the models are able to predict annual heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements of different HVAC systems as a function of office building heating and cooling demands. For the first part of the data set development used for the regression analysis, a data set of office building simulation archetypes was developed. The four most typical built forms (open plan sidelit, cellular sidelit, artificially lit open plan and composite sidelit cellular around artificially lit open plan built form) were coupled with five types of building fabric and three levels of glazing ratio. Furthermore, two measures of reducing solar heat gains were considered as well as implementation of daylight control. Also, building orientation was included in the analysis. In total 3840 different office buildings were then further coupled with five different HVAC systems: variable air volume system; constant air volume system; fan coil system with dedicated air; chilled ceiling system with embedded pipes, dedicated air and radiator heating; and chilled ceiling system with exposed aluminium panels, dedicated air and radiator heating. The total number of models simulated in EnergyPlus, in order to develop the input database for regression analysis, was 23,040. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to form a reliable judgement about each different HVAC system’s heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements based only on office building heating and cooling demands. High coefficients of determination of the proposed regression models show that HVAC system requirements can be predicted with high accuracy. The lowest coefficient of determination among cooling regression models was 0.94 in the case of the CAV system. HVAC system heating energy requirement regression models had a coefficient of determination above 0.96. The auxiliary energy requirement models had a coefficient of determination above 0.95, except in the case of chilled ceiling systems where the coefficient of determination was around 0.87. This research demonstrates that simplified regression models can be used to provide design decisions for the office building HVAC systems studied. Such models allow more rapid determination of HVAC systems energy requirements without the need for time-consuming (hence expensive) reconfigurations and runs of the simulation program.
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Zajic, I. "A Hammerstein-bilinear approach with application to heating ventilation and air conditioning systems." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/bb74b3bc-b12b-4a92-8aac-9781131cc75e/1.

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This thesis considers the development of a Hammerstein-bilinear approach to non-linear systems modelling, analysis and control systems design, which builds on and extends the applicability of an existing bilinear approach. The underlying idea of the Hammerstein-bilinear approach is to use the Hammerstein-bilinear system models to capture various physical phenomena of interest and subsequently use these for model based control system designs with the premise being that of achieving enhanced control performance. The advantage of the Hammerstein-bilinear approach is that the well-structured system models allow techniques that have been originally developed for linear systems to be extended and applied, while retaining moderate complexity of the corresponding system identification schemes and nonlinear model based control designs. In recognition of the need to be able to identify the Hammerstein-bilinear models a unified suite of algorithms, being the extensions to the simplified refined instrumental variable method for parameter estimation of linear transfer function models is proposed. These algorithms are able to operate in both the continuous-time and discrete-time domains to reflect the requirements of the intended purposes of the identified models with the emphasis being placed on straightforward applicability of the developed algorithms and recognising the need to be able to operate under realistic practical system identification scenarios. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are also applicable to parameter estimation of Hammerstein and bilinear models, which are special cases of the wider Hammerstein-bilinear model class. The Hammerstein-bilinear approach has been applied to an industrial heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, which has also been the underlying application addressed in this thesis. A unique set of dynamic control design purpose oriented air temperature and humidity Hammerstein-bilinear models of an environmentally controlled clear room manufacturing zone has been identified. The greater insights afforded by the knowledge of the system nonlinearities then allow for enhanced control tuning of the associated commercial HVAC control system leading to an improved overall control performance.
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Daily, Ellen Wilmoth Matthews. "Metro Environmental: The impact of training HVAC technicians using the SightPros-VirTechs system for remote, wireless, Internet video assistance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12112/.

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This qualitative study explored the overall impact of training HVAC technicians using the SightPros-VirTechs system for remote, wireless, internet video assistance at a small HVAC company, Metro Environmental. John Thomason, the president/co-owner developed a website and a new SightPros communication tool that allows wireless, one-on-one, just-in-time, high-quality, video-monitored instructions between an expert at one site and a technician at another site. Metro Environmental successfully used the SightPros-VirTechs system to train a new apprentice remotely. The apprentice and expert changed their normal and routine physical activities because the expert worked remotely and the apprentice worked on-site. Within just a few months, the apprentice proved competent enough to go to customer accounts without more experienced technicians nearby. The technicians express excitement about the SightPros communication tool as a way to contact remote experts whenever needed. The customer and business contacts also give good reviews and suggest other benefits. The expert permanently captures the communications so the company can use the saved video for many applications, especially training. The dissertation provides a list of recommendations to trainers/educators for similar applications.
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Martinovic, Zarko. "Design a PV – system for a large building." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17539.

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This study presents the complete design of a photovoltaic system in commercial buildings. PV installation for Multiarena was primary used for internal consumption, rest of production will be sent according intentions in grid. Project presents theoretical demand calculations for building consumptions. According to the theoretical calculations numerical study has been provided by software Indoor Climate and Energy program. Detailed electric optimization strategy can be founded in project description, as well as the sizing of the photovoltaic installation and economic and financial issues related to it. Study presents several models for photovoltaic system and their economic analysis. Environmental issues can be founded at the end of the study.
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Books on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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HVAC control system design diagrams. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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Stoecker, W. F. SI units for the HVAC/R professional. Troy, Mich: Business News Pub. Co., 1992.

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A, Penney Bradford. Good HVAC practices for residential and commercial buildings: A guide for thermal, moisture and contaminant control to enhance system performance and customer satisfaction. Arlington, VA: ACCA, 2003.

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J, Brandemuehl Michael, and American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers., eds. HVAC 2 toolkit: A toolkit for secondary HVAC system energy calculations. Atlanta, Ga: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1993.

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Pete, Jacobs, Architectural Energy Corporation, California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER), and New Buildings Institute Inc, eds. Small HVAC system design guide: Design guidelines. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2003.

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NCCER. 03407 Heating and Cooling System Design: HVAC Level 4 Trainee Guide. Pearson Education, Limited, 2019.

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Maintenance manual, heating, ventilating, & air conditioning (HVAC) system for emergency operations center. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency., ed. Maintenance manual, heating, ventilating, & air conditioning (HVAC) system for emergency operations center. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency., ed. Maintenance manual, heating, ventilating, & air conditioning (HVAC) system for emergency operations center. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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Brumbaugh, James E. Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Heating System Components, Gas and Oil Burners and Automatic Controls. 4th ed. Audel, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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Saxhof, Bjarne. "The Thermal Envelope — An Integrated Part of the Heating System?" In 1989 2nd European Conference on Architecture, 254–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0556-1_75.

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Hiteva, Ralitsa Petrova. "Moving Towards Nexus Solutions to ‘Energy’ Problems: An Inclusive Approach." In Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition, 163–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74586-8_8.

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AbstractThis chapter offers an innovative approach to examining how fuel poverty in one of the most affected countries in the EU: Bulgaria can be examined as part of the urban nexus of food, water, energy and the environment. Building on bodies of literature of the nexus, fuel poverty, energy transitions and energy geographies, this chapter uses the example of energy provisioning in the capital city of Bulgaria: Sofia to illustrate how a more inclusive approach to addressing fuel poverty and air pollution can be developed. The case study unpacks the urban nexus by examining three practices: urban gardening, making zimnina, and heating and energy use in the home. It illustrates how the interdependencies between the practices of urban gardening, making zimnina and domestic heating and energy use have direct implications for the energy system of provisioning and can be important vectors in the energy transition for vulnerable citizens in the city. The chapter addresses an important research gap in urban nexus literature by offering a compelling empirical account of mapping nexus interactions through the perspective of vulnerable users, focusing on low-technological ways of managing the urban nexus (rather than technologically driven integration across sectors).
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Karimipanah, Taghi. "Some Aspects of HVAC Design in Energy Renovation of Buildings." In Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98824.

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It is well-known fact that air conditioning systems are responsible for a significant part of all energy systems in building energy usage. In EU buildings, the building HVAC systems account for ca 50% of the energy consumed. In the U.S., air-conditioning accounts on average about 12% of residential energy expenditures. The proper choice of air distribution systems and sustainable energy sources to drive the electrical components have a vital impact to achieve the best requirements for indoor climate including, hygienical, thermal, and reasonable energy-saving goals. The building energy system components that have a considerable impact on the demand for final energy in the building are design, outdoor environment conditions, HVAC systems, water consumption, electrical appliances, indoor thermal comfort, and indoor human activities. For calculation of the energy balance in a building, we need to consider the total energy flows in and out from the building including ventilation heat losses, the perimeters transmission heat loses, solar radiation, internal heat from occupants and appliances, space and domestic water heating, air leakage, and sewage heat losses. However, it is a difficult task to handle the above time-dependent parameters therefore an energy simulation program will always be used. This chapter aims to assess the role of ventilation and air-conditioning of buildings through the sustainability approaches and some of the existing renewable energy-based methods of HVAC systems are presented. This comprehensive review has been shown that using the new air distribution systems in combination with renewable energy sources are key factors to improve the HVAC performance and move toward Nearly Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB).
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Gritsuk, Igor, Vasyl Mateichyk, Miroslaw Smieszek, Vladimir Volkov, Yurii Gutarevych, Valery Aleksandrov, Roman Symonenko, and Valeriy Verbovskiy. "Improving the Vehicular Engine Pre-Start and After-Start Heating by Using the Combined Heating System." In HVAC System. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79467.

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Salgado-Conrado, Lizbeth, César Martín-Gómez, María Ibáñez Puy, and José Antonio Sacristán Fernández. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Peltier Heating Unit System Integrated into Ventilated Façade." In HVAC System. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76642.

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Carbonari, Alessandro, Massimo Vaccarini, and Emanuela Quaquero. "Numerical Approach for the Design of Cost-Effective Renovation of Heating System Control in Buildings." In HVAC System. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78613.

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N., Kapilan, and Vidhya P. "Challenges and Issues of IoT Application in Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Systems." In Role of IoT in Green Energy Systems, 171–93. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6709-8.ch008.

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The internet of things (IoT) is a system consisting of computing, mechanical, and electronic devices, which are having ability to transfer data in network without human interaction. The sensors used in IoT collect and transfer the data to the cloud, which is further processed using software to perform an action. The IoT is one of the fastest growing industries, and in recent years, it is most widely used in HVAC systems in residential and commercial applications to reduce the energy consumption as building consumes by approximately 40% of total energy. The IoT reduces the energy consumption of the building by optimizing the process variables of HVAC system components, increases life of system components, enhances the comfort of the occupants, and provides remote control of the system. However, there are challenges in data security and privacy, and also there is a lack of IoT platforms specifically oriented towards the proper processing, management, and analysis of such large and diverse data.
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Kelly, Alan. "Heating and Cooling of Food." In Molecules, Microbes, and Meals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687694.003.0014.

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As we have seen, heating of food is one of the oldest and most powerful ways of making food safe and stable, whether cooking a burger on a barbecue or pasteurizing juice, but is also a potentially highly damaging thing to do to many food products. So, it makes sense that a key principle of processing food is to understand how to control the flow of heat as precisely as possible. In Chapter 8, I introduced how we can maximize the efficient transfer of heat into and out of food in a kitchen in simple systems, like pots on stoves. In practice, in large-scale processes, to transfer heat efficiently from hot to cold, and in this way keep the lords of thermodynamics happy while minimizing damage to the food being heated, we need to use clever pieces of equipment, called heat exchangers (reflecting the fact that, just as the cold part of the system gets hotter, so the hot part gets colder in the deal; fair exchange is no robbery). To visualize a heat exchanger, imagine a simple metal tube, through which a cold liquid is flowing from one end to the other. Now surround that tube with a larger one, through which a hot liquid flows (as shown in Figure 11.1). The wall of the inner tube is exposed to cold on the inside and hot on the outside, and this temperature gradient is the pump that transfers heat across that wall, in nature’s obsessive quest for equality in all things temperature-y. So, now we have two tubes laid horizontally in concentric neatness, say with a hot and a cold liquid flowing in from the left-hand side; as they exit at the right-hand side, the outer hot liquid will be colder, and the inner liquid will have gained the lost heat and thus become hotter. If the tubes were sufficiently long, then both would come out at exactly the same temperature.
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Liu, Shuting, Yingguang Li, Yingxiang Shen, and Yee Mey Goh. "A Multi-Zoned Self-Resistance Electric Heating Method for Curing Irregular Fiber Reinforced Composite Parts." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210028.

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Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) have been widely applied in various industries due to their outstanding properties. As a promising curing technology for FRP parts, the self-resistance electric (SRE) heating method has attracted plenty of attention. However, it is difficult for the SRE heating method to uniformly cure the FRP parts with irregular structures. In this paper, a multi-zoned SRE heating method is proposed, in which the FRP part is divided into several heating zones and the temperature of each zone is regulated independently. A multi-channel electrical voltage control system is developed to realise the multi-zoned SRE heating of a wing-shaped FRP part, in which a rapid zone-based temperature control responsiveness is achieved, and the maximum temperature difference is reduced from 60 °C to less than 10 °C, reaching 2.5 °C at its best. This work presents an alternative for the high efficiency and energy-saving curing process of FRP parts.
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Hasan, Nasim, Mohd Arif, and Mohaideen Abdul Khader. "Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger for Building Cooling and Heating." In Heat Transfer - Design, Experimentation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99348.

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The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is an influential method for measuring Heat transfer profiles for typical meteorological years. CFD codes are managed by numerical algorithms that may undertake fluid glide headaches. CFD offers the numerical results of partial differential equations with main airflow and heat transfer in a discretized association. The complex fluid glide and the warmth transfer publications worried in any heat exchanger can be determined with the help of the CFD software program (Ansys Fluent). A study states and framework which implicitly rely on the computational fluid dynamics, which is being formulated for computing the efficiency-related parameters of the thermal part and the capability of the EATHE system for cooling. A CFD simulation program is being used for modeling the system. The framework is being validated with the help of the simulation set-up. A thermal model was developed to analyze thermal energy accumulated in soil/ground for the purpose of room cooling/heating of buildings in the desert (hot and dry) climate of the Bikaner region. In this study, the optimization of EATHE design has been performed for finding the thermal performance of straight, spiral, and helical pipe earth air tunnel heat exchanger and Heat transfer rate for helical pipe was found maximum among all designs.
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Conference papers on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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Saman, Namir F., Usama F. Shami, and Hashim S. Mahdi. "Analysis of Pickup/Pulldown Load in Buildings: Part I — Mathematical Analysis." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44047.

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In large commercial buildings, air handlers for HVAC systems are shutdown during unoccupied periods to save on utility bills. During the shutdown time, some of the heating or cooling load accumulates and is stored in the building. Consequently, on start up, there is an added load that must be removed by the HVAC system. The stored load can be divided into preconditioning load (fast load) and storage load (slow load). In this paper, mathematical analysis is used to study the preconditioning and storage loads after system shutdown. The governing mathematical equations, that represent an analytical model, were solved using Laplace transforms. Simplifications to the analysis are presented. It is found that the ratio of storage area to the exposed area plays an important role in the determination of shutdown loads.
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Hasib, Naimee, Junghyon Mun, and Yong X. Tao. "Performance Analysis of Two HVAC Systems for Zero Energy Research Laboratory, Denton, TX." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65660.

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HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning) system is the most significant part of a building which directly associated with human comfort. Modern HVAC system optimizes all the parameters like temperature, humidity and indoor air quality to give the occupant the best comfort. Beside human comfort some other crucial factors like installation, maintenance & operational cost, efficiency, availability and controlling method of the system need to be taken into consideration. This paper covers the study and comparison among two different HVAC systems to achieve the goal of finding the better effective HVAC system in terms of human comfort, efficiency considering North Texas climate. In this paper; power consumption, human comfort & efficiency analysis is done for the existing WWHP & WAHP system (in UNT ZØE) using Energy Plus simulation software. Calibration of the simulation data of the existing system is done comparing with the real data. After the baseline model is calibrated, simulation for other HVAC systems like evaporative cooler (EC) is conducted. The comparison analysis of both the HVAC systems shows the better effective HVAC system in North Texas weather considering all the relevant issues and challenges. The result will make UNT Zero Energy lab more energy efficient and a standard model towards a sustainable green future.
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Stanojević, Ana, Mimica Milošević, Dušan Milošević, Branko Aj Turnšek, and Ljiljana Jevremović. "Developing Multi-Criteria Model for the Protection of Cultural Built Heritage in Serbia from the Aspect of Energy Recovery of the Buildings." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.397.

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Contemporary society and modern living in urban areas strive for more sustainable environments, respecting the past, history and their remains. Intangible and tangible cultural heritage has become an important urban resource for city promotion as well as a trigger for economic and social city development. Built heritage, as part of cultural heritage, consists of various buildings from different epochs. Sustainable principles developed within the concept of smart, environmentally-friendly, and responsive cities requires energy optimization while minimizing energy amounts needed for systems of heating and cooling in buildings. Energy rehabilitation seems to become a strategically necessary and legally obligatory task in Serbia too. It means the implementation of various measures in term of the use of renewable energy resources and improvement of the thermal envelope of the already existing facilities. However, this type of interventions often reflects on the visual appearance of the building, changing its form, façade articulation and materialization. Respecting legally prescribed allowance, according to the degree of regime protection of cultural built heritage, the paper goal is to develop a model for the protection of the buildings in term of improvement of their energetic performances. The research aim is to identify the most optimal measures to be applied to increase energy efficiency depending on building's degree of protection, in Serbia, using multi-criteria decision-making methodology.
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Naraghi, Mohammad H., and Michael T. McGough. "Energy Dynamics of Green Buildings: An Alternative to the Traditional Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Course." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11105.

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This paper describes a Mechanical Engineering Senior Undergraduate and/or early Graduate level course in sustainable building mechanical systems. This course can be an alternative to the traditional HVAC course and a part of energy concentration for undergraduate and/or graduate Mechanical Engineering. The course runs for a semester involving fourteen weeks of lecture — at most three hours of lecture per week. The course is primarily for Mechanical Engineering students. It is however, encouraged to be taken by Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering majors. A good part of the course is a group semester-long project. Attempt is made to form multidisciplinary groups involving Mechanical and other Engineering majors.
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Ogunsola, Oluwaseyi T., and Li Song. "Review and Evaluation of Using R-C Thermal Modeling of Cooling Load Prediction for HVAC System Control Purpose." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86988.

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Heating and cooling loads which are compensated by heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, are the main reason for energy uses in buildings. Energy utilized by HVAC system accounts for two-thirds of a building’s total energy consumption. Excessive energy is consumed when HVAC systems fail to operate as intended. This is often due to several factors such as inappropriate monitoring and control strategy, lack of understanding of the dynamics of thermal loads, and system complexity. Amidst several models, estimation of cooling load using Resistance Capacitance (RC) models have proved to provide more robust and accurate estimates of the building load based on measured data but the use of this method is not without challenges. This study aims to highlight common challenges associated with implementation of the RC method for thermal modeling of cooling load. Past and current research have handled some of the challenges by introducing simplifying assumptions which if not adequately selected can lead to significant deviation between model performance and measured data. Without proper understanding of the challenges, engineers may not be able to place a high degree of confidence in load calculation methods and the computer implementations that they use.
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Keding, Marcus, Piotr Dudzinski, Martin Tajmar, Reinhard Willinger, and Klaus Ka¨fer. "Development of a µ-Scale Turbine Expander for Energy Recovery." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59092.

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Waste heat is a primary source of energy loss in many applications. A number of developments around a micro rocket engine at the Austrian Research Centers (ARC) promise innovative energy recovery and micro power generation solutions. Here we focus on the investigation of micro technologies for application in HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) systems. The use of μ-scale turbine expanders for work recovery in transcritical CO2 heat pump processes has been identified as most interesting and promising for the application in HVAC cases. One of the main drawbacks of transcritical CO2 heat pumps is the lower COP (coefficient of performance) compared to conventional heat pump systems which originates from the non isothermal heat rejection in the gas cooler. This drawback can be compensated by utilizing the pressure difference between the high pressure and low pressure part of the heat pump for work recovery. This is feasible as the pressure difference is considerably larger in case of CO2 heat pumps compared to conventional systems. Work recovery can be realized by substituting the expansion valve between the high and low pressure side by an expansion machine. Due to the low flow rate of the working fluid, the turbine type is based on the Pelton turbine with specific two phase flow turbine blades. In addition to the turbine part a magnetic coupling, miniature bearings and a small scale generator are important parts of the system. Thermodynamic simulations showed an absolute microturbine power yield between 60 W and 150 W for a 2 kW heating system.
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Chintala, Rohit H., and Bryan P. Rasmussen. "Automated Multi-Zone Linear Parametric Black Box Modeling Approach for Building HVAC Systems." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9933.

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Optimal control algorithms such as distributed model predictive control (DMPC) offer tremendous potential in reducing energy consumption of building operations. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems which form a major part of the building operations contain a large number of interconnected subsystems. One of the challenges associated with implementing DMPC is the development of reliable models of individual subsystems for prediction, especially for large scale systems. In this paper an automated method is proposed to develop linear parametric black box models for individual building HVAC subsystems. The modeling method proposed identifies the significant inputs, and the upstream and downstream neighbors of each subsystem before performing regression analysis to determine the model parameters. Automation of the model development makes the implementation of the model-based control algorithms much more feasible. The modeling method is then verified through an EnergyPLus model, and using data of a real office building.
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Muralidharan, Bharathkrishnan, Feroz Ahamed Iqbal Mariam, Abhilash Ramachandran Menon, Venkata Naga Poornima Mynampati, Dereje Agonafer, and Mark Hendrix. "CFD Modeling of Environmental System Options Used for Cooling of Telecommunication Shelters." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23280.

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Telecommunication shelters form an important component at different levels of the wireless access network. They are commonly used as transmission hubs and base transceiver stations. The telecom shelter protects wireless transmitters and receiver electronics in the wireless network. They are stand-alone, modular structures that are supported with their own electrical and HVAC systems. Based on their locations they are designed to work over a wide range of environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from −40°C to 55°C and may be exposed to high humidity, and saline and corrosive environments. Cooling/heating systems typically consume 30% of the energy required to operate a wireless cell site. There is, therefore, an impetus to embark on initiatives to reduce this percentage as part of an effort to both save money, and to reduce the carbon footprint. In this paper various thermal design options to cut down on cooling/heating energy loads for these shelters are discussed. The effect of substituting active cooling/heating equipments used in shelter with a hybrid one. The hybrid cooling system consists of both the air conditioner and a blower. CFD analysis is performed to compare these designs and come up with a robust design solution. The best cooling methodology showed an energy saving of 40% with minimal impact on design temperature.
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Feng, Lujia, Pierluigi Pisu, Laine Mears, and Jörg Schulte. "Nonlinear Parameter Estimation in a Typical Industrial Air Handler Unit." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2994.

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The energy usage inside of a manufacturing plant is mainly from two sources: energy demand from the production lines to support manufacturing processes, and the plant building temperature control to maintain a comfortable working environment. It is reported that in the US, 14% of the primary energy and 32% of electricity is used by the industry and commercial building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. As an important part of the HVAC system, the air handler unit (AHU) is a comprehensive air control system consisting of multiple sub-units. Accurate modeling of the supply air temperature of AHU is important for later controller design and fault detection, but it is also challenging because of the application of variable frequency drive (VFD) systems, overall degradation, and limited sensor information and meter data. Parameter estimation of the industry AHU is therefore worth studying. In this study, the authors intend to establish a deterministic physical model of AHU system, identify the unknown parameters based on the limited meter inputs, and compare the nonlinear parameter estimation results with the design parameters, in order to achieve the goal of improving the modeling accuracy without installing expensive metering systems.
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Audivet Durán, Cinthia, and Marco E. Sanjuán. "On-Line Early Fault Detection of a Centrifugal Chiller Based on Data Driven Approach." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59291.

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A district cooling system (DCS) is a system that distributes thermal energy through chilled water from a central source to residential, commercial, or industrial consumers, designated to air conditioning purposes. It is one of the most important part of a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems (HVAC), because a DCS is composed of: Cooling towers, central chiller plant, water distribution systems and clusters of consumer buildings. This research is focused on the central chiller plant, due to it accounts for a substantial portion of the total energy consume of DCS and HVAC systems. The performance of central chiller plant is often affected by multiple faults which could be caused during installation or developed in routine operation. These non-optimal conditions and faults may cause 20–30% waste of energy consumption of HVAC&R systems. Automated fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD) tools have potential to detect an incipient fault and help to reduce undesirable conditions and energy consumption, and optimize the facility maintenance. We propose an online data driven fault detection strategy for district cooling system. The main objective is to develop an automated fault detection tool based on historical process data, which can be applied in transient operation. The proposed hybrid strategy is based on unsupervised and supervised learning techniques, and multivariate statistic techniques. Its aim is to identify the operating states of the chiller and evaluate the fault occurrence depending of its current operating state. This strategy uses the K-means clustering method, Naive Bayes classifier and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The developed strategy was evaluated using the performance data of a 90-ton water-cooled centrifugal chiller (ASHRAE RP-1043) and also evaluated using a dynamic model of a chiller (Simscape™.) under similar conditions. The results show the advantages of novel early fault detection technique compared to Conventional PCA method in terms of sensitivity to faults occurrence and reduction of missed detection rate.
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Reports on the topic "HVAC part of heating system"

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Kurnik, Charles W., David Jacobson, and Jarred Metoyer. Chapter 4: Small Commercial and Residential Unitary and Split System HVAC Heating and Cooling Equipment-Efficiency Upgrade Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408083.

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