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Journal articles on the topic 'HVDC power transmission'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yang, Wen Qing, Wei Cao, Jian Kun Wu, and Lin Chen. "Research on the Technology of Converting the Existing AC Lines to DC Lines." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1394.

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Power transmission is a key link in power system. As the increase of power supply, the transmission capacity of the lines should be enlarged too. In the developed area, the right-of-way for transmission line is hard to be obtained. And converting the existing HVAC overhead transmission lines using HVDC technology could enhance the transmission capability. There are three possible plans for different HVAC transmission lines: single-pole HVDC, bi-pole HVDC and tri-pole HVDC.
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2

Bidadfar, Ali, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri, Vladislav Akhmatov, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, and Poul Ejnar Sørensen. "Coordinated Control of HVDC and HVAC Power Transmission Systems Integrating a Large Offshore Wind Farm." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183435.

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The development of efficient and reliable offshore electrical transmission infrastructure is a key factor in the proliferation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Traditionally, high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission has been used for OWFs. Recently, voltage-source-converter-based (VSC-based) high-voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) transmission technologies have also been considered due to their grid-forming capabilities. Diode-rectifier-based (DR-based) HVDC (DR-HVDC) transmission is also getting attention due to its increased reliability and reduced offshore platform footprint. Parallel operation of transmission systems using such technologies can be expected in the near future as new OWFs are planned in the vicinity of existing ones, with connections to more than one onshore AC system. This work addresses the control and parallel operation of three transmission links: VSC-HVDC, DR-HVDC, and HVAC, connecting a large OWF (cluster) to three different onshore AC systems. The HVAC link forms the offshore AC grid, while the diode rectifier and the wind farm are synchronized to this grid voltage. The offshore HVDC converter can operate in grid-following or grid-forming mode, depending on the requirement. The contributions of this paper are threefold. (1) Novel DR- and VSC-HVDC control methods are proposed for the parallel operation of the three transmission systems. (2) An effective control method for the offshore converter of VSC-HVDC is proposed such that it can effectively operate as either a grid-following or a grid-forming converter. (3) A novel phase-locked loop (PLL) control for VSC-HVDC is proposed for the easy transition from the grid-following to the grid-forming converter in case the HVAC link trips. Dynamic simulations in PSCAD validate the ability of the proposed controllers to ride through faults and transition between grid-following and grid-forming operation.
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3

Liaqat, Mohd. "HVDC System: a Need for Future Power Transmission." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20318.

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4

Narayan, R. S., S. Mohan, and K. Sunitha. "Simulative Study into the Development of a Hybrid HVDC System Through a Comparative Research with HVAC: a Futuristic Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1192.

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High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC) is considered a better solution for bulk long distance transmissions. The increased use of HVDC is a result of its advantages over the HVAC systems and especially of its fault stability nature. A better solution is proposed by using a Voltage Source Controlled–HVDC as one of the infeed for the Multi-Infeed HVDC (MIDC or MI-HVDC) systems. The main advantage with the VSC converter is its flexible power control which enhances the stability of the MIDC systems. In this paper, the behavior of an HVDC system is compared with that of an HVAC during faults. A Hybrid HVDC system that includes a LCC as a rectifier unit and a VSC converter as the inverter is being proposed. It is considered suitable for MIDC systems and particularly for supplying a weak AC system. The performance of the system during steady state and transient conditions for all the proposed topologies including HVDC, HVAC and Hybrid HVDC are studied in MATLAB/SIMULINK. All of the proposed control strategies are evaluated via a series of simulation case studies.
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5

Brough, C. A., J. D. Wheeler, and C. C. Davidson. "Power electronics in HVDC power transmission." Power Engineering Journal 8, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19940510.

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6

Zakaria, Zahriladha, and Sabah Ramadhan Mohammed. "Computer Simulation of New High Capacity and Low-Loss HVDC Transmission for Sustainable Energy Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.788.

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This paper presents a new technique for the design of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system to transmit the electrical energy generated by sustainable energy sources to load center located at far distances. The problems with high power capacity and power loss of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) system particularly in long distance transmission, has led to emerge new technology which is HVDC transmission. Therefore, with the development of high voltage valves, it is possible to transmit DC power at high voltages and over long distances. Simulation results show that the HVDC has the capability to produce ±1000 kV with high power capacity of 3 GW and efficiency equal to 98% for load center located at 1000 km. The simulation of this study is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink software. This study provides an insight and useful for the design of future HVDC transmission technology to deliver a large amount of electricity over long distance efficiently.
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7

Reed, Liza, M. Granger Morgan, Parth Vaishnav, and Daniel Erian Armanios. "Converting existing transmission corridors to HVDC is an overlooked option for increasing transmission capacity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (June 20, 2019): 13879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905656116.

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A changing generation mix and growing demand for carbon-free electricity will almost certainly require dramatic changes in the infrastructure and topology of the electricity system. Rather than build new lines, one way to minimize social opposition and regulatory obstacles is to increase the capacity of existing transmission corridors. In addition to upgrading the capacity of high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) lines, we identify a number of situations in which conversion from HVAC to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is the least-cost strategy to increase the capacity of the corridor. If restricted to the existing right-of-way (ROW), we find DC conversion to be the least-cost, and in some cases the only, option for distances of >200 km or for increases of >50% capacity. Across all configurations analyzed, we assess HVDC conversion to be the lower-cost option at >350 km and >50% capacity increases. While we recognize that capacity expansion through HVDC conversion may be the optimal solution in only some situations, with future improvements in the cost and performance of solid-state power electronics, conversion to HVDC could be attractive in a growing set of circumstances.
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8

Rahman, Syed, Irfan Khan, Hend I. Alkhammash, and Muhammad Faisal Nadeem. "A Comparison Review on Transmission Mode for Onshore Integration of Offshore Wind Farms: HVDC or HVAC." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121489.

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The development of offshore wind farms (WF) is inevitable as they have exceptional resistance against climate change and produce clean energy without hazardous wastes. The offshore WF usually has a bigger generation capacity with less environmental impacts, and it is more reliable too due to stronger and consistent sea winds. The early offshore WF installations are located near the shore, whereas most modern installations are located far away from shore, generating higher power. This paradigm shift has forced the researchers and industry personnel to look deeper into transmission options, namely, high voltage AC transmission (HVAC) and high voltage DC transmission (HVDC). This evaluation can be both in terms of power carrying capability as well as cost comparisons. Additionally, different performance requirements such as power rating, onshore grid requirements, reactive power compensation, etc., must be considered for evaluation. This paper elaborately reviews and explains the offshore wind farm structure and performance requirements for bulk offshore power transfer. Based on the structure and performance requirements, both HVDC and HVAC transmission modes are compared and analyzed critically. Finally, a criterion for selection and increasing popularity of HVDC transmission is established.
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9

Liaqat, Mohd. "Modelling and Operation of HVDC Based Power Transmission System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20319.

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10

Rios, Mario A., and Fredy A. Acero. "Planning multi-terminal direct current grids based graphs theory." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp37-46.

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Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimization techniques and methodologies that have been used in recent years. By contrast, the planning of HVDC systems is a new matter for the interconnection of large power systems, and the interconnection of renewable sources in power systems. Although the HVDC systems has evolved, the first implementations were made considering only the needs of transmission of large quantities of power to be connected to the bulk AC power system. However, for the future development of HVDC systems, meshed or not, each AC system must be flexible to allow the expansion of these for future conditions. Hence, a first step for planning HVDC grids is the planning and development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems which will be later transformed in a meshed system. This paper presented a methodology that use graph theory for planning MTDC grids and for the selection of connection buses of the MTDC to an existing HVAC transmission system. The proposed methodology was applied to the Colombian case, where the obtained results permit to migrate the system from a single HVDC line to a MTDC grid.
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11

Ryndzionek, Roland, and Łukasz Sienkiewicz. "Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081914.

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This paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore and in deeper waters. However, their development will require, among other technologies, DC-DC conversion systems. The advantages of HVDC over HVAC technology in relation to transmission distance are given. The different HVDC configurations and topologies of HVDC converters are elucidated. In this context, the HVDC grids are a promising alternative for the expansion of the existing AC grid.
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12

Zhang, Rui, Yan Hong Shen, Cun Yu, Feng Long Li, Ke Wei Pang, and Ling Zhang. "Realization of Automatic Power Control in HVDC Control and Protection System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1226.

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The paper briefly investigates the importance of power control of HVDC (high voltage direct current) control system in the HVDC projects and focus on the actual analysis and research on the realization of automatic power control in HVDC transmission. It has the important guiding significance for the implementation of automatic power control in HVDC transmission.
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13

Le, Kim Hung, Ngoc Thien Nam Tran, Viet Tri Nguyen, The Khanh Truong, and Minh Quan Duong. "Operating Performance of Power Systems Integrated HVDC Solution: KonTum-GiaLai Transmission System Case Considering Penetration of Renewable Energy." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 18, no. 4.2 (April 24, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ict-ud.2020.103.

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The increasing demand for electricity along with the development of distributed generators showed that improving transmission efficiency and reliability is an indispensable requirement in the operation of the power system. Advanced technologies need to be applied to modern power systems for purposes of conveying large power flows, mitigating the risk of faults. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is now considered an effective solution for investment in large-length power lines, replacing the conventional high-voltage alternative current (HVAC) transmission system, especially in period of increasing generation capacity due to the penetration of renewable energy sources. This study assesses the performance of the HVDC system on an actual power grid based on planning and improvement demands. The calculation results of power flows, power losses and short-circuit faults were investigated using ETAP software X
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14

Muzzammel, Raheel. "Traveling Waves-Based Method for Fault Estimation in HVDC Transmission System." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193614.

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The HVDC transmission system is winning hearts of researchers and electrical engineers because of its notable merits as compared to the HVAC transmission system in the case of long-distance bulk power transmission. The HVDC transmission system is known for its low losses, effective control ability, efficiency and reliability. However, because of the sudden build-up of fault current in the HVDC transmission system, conventional relays and circuit breakers are required to be modified. Detection of fault location is an important parameter of protection of the HVDC transmission system. In this research paper, fault location methods based on traveling waves are reviewed for the HVDC transmission system. Arrival time and natural frequency are the two parameters of measurement in traveling waves. Advantages and disadvantages of methods of traveling waves with respect to their quantities of measurements are analyzed critically. Further, a two-terminal HVDC test grid is simulated over Matlab/Simulink. Different types of AC and DC faults and at different locations are analyzed on a test grid. A traveling wave-based technique of fault estimation is developed and is evaluated for identification, classification and finding location of faults to validate its performance. Moreover, this technique is supported with analysis of fast Fourier transform to accelerate its practicality and realization.
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15

Zhang, Jian, Xin Long Zheng, Guo Zhi Chen, Zhi Gang Zhang, and Bei Bei Xu. "Economic Comparison of VSC-HVDC and HVAC Systems for Connections of Offshore Wind Farms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.325.

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Large-scale offshore wind power has been developed in recent years, and two possibilities are considered for the transmission system between the offshore wind farms and the onshore grid: VSC-HVDC and HVAC. The paper aims to compare both systems for 300MW offshore wind farms, 25 km, 50km and 75km from the Point of Common Coupling on an economic basis using a DCF(discounted cash flow) analysis. A linear fit to the net present values has been made, obtaining the break-even distance of 47km. When the transmission distance is shorter than 47km, the HVAC system is more economic, otherwise the VSC-HVDC system is a more cost-efficient option.
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16

Zhang, Yue Qiang, Yong Qiang Zhu, and Yan Zhang Liu. "Studies on Power Distribution of AC and VSC-HVDC Hybrid System for Wind Power Integration." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.204.

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In order to study the power distribution strategy of AC and VSC-HVDC hybrid system for wind power integration, a strategy based on improving the transmission capacity of AC lines and reducing the power loss is proposed. By use of the decouple control of active and reactive power of the VSC-HVDC, the transmission capacity of the AC lines can be improved by absorbing enough reactive power, AC lines have the priority before they have reached their transmission limit, meanwhile the VSC-HVDC acts as STATCOM. When the AC lines have been fully used, the VSC-HVDC will act as STATCOM as well as transmit the rest power. A DFIG wind power integration system is set up by use of PSCAD/EMTDC, the simulation results show that the power distribution strategy can realize the wind power integration successfully and reduce the power loss, it can regard as a good method for wind power integration.
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17

B. Parizzi, Jocemar, Felix Alberto Farret, and Álvaro B. Serdotte. "Improvement Of Power Quality In Hvdc Transmission Systems With Auxiliary Converters." Eletrônica de Potência 12, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2007.3.181188.

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18

Liu, Jing Xia, and Gui Mei Cui. "The Influence of Weak AC System Accident to the Exchange Station." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.363.

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HVDC transmission (HVDC) is very sensitive to the strength of the AC system especially in fault, may cause a DC power transmission interrupt. Based on the PSCAD simulation software built the HVDC transmission model and SVC-HDVC HVDC transmission model as an example. Made an analysis and research for the influence to the DC exchange station when the exchange side make fault.
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19

Abdi, Babak, Arash Alimardani, and Reza Ghasemi. "Fuel Cost Optimization of Power Systems Inclouding HVDC Line." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1788.

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Effect of HVDC transmission lines in a power system on different optimal power flow (OPF) objective functions is discussed in this paper. In this study differential evolution optimization algorithm is applied in AC-DC OPF problem, and compared with OPF in the same power system with no HVDC transmission lines to demonstrate the effect of this type of transmission line on the objective functions. In OPF problem definition, generator fuel cost considering valve effect is considered as objective function. The results of the proposed method on IEEE 30-bus power system illustrate that HVDC transmission lines improves the OPF from fuel cost point of view.
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20

Vu, Tu Phan. "Calculation of electric field of HVDC transmission lines using finite element method." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i4.1583.

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The HVDC transmission lines have been building in many modern countries in all over the world, and it will be an important problem of Viet Nam power transmission. The important phenomena of operation of HVDC transmission lines is corona discharge around HVDC transmission lines that is a cause to increase significantly the electric field strength over ground surface and around lines. This paper presents the investigation and calculation of the electric field strength of many models of HVDC transmission lines such as monopolar, bipolar, single- and double-circuit using the finite element method based on COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software. The calculation results have shown the strength and shape of the electric field strength at many positions over ground level. These results are also good datum to calculate and design HVDC transmission lines of Viet Nam power transmission in the near future.
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21

Yu, Xiao, Bing Zhao, Shanshan Wang, Tiezhu Wang, and Lu Zhang. "A Topology Analysis-Based MMC-HVDC Grid Transmission Capacity Calculation Method." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050822.

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Modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) has a broad application prospect in renewable energy transmission. With the development of converter capacity, the transmission capacity calculation for MMC-HVDC grids becomes important for power dispatching. The existing method depends on manual work and is suitable for a simple grid. However, as the grid structure and operation modes become more and more complex, it becomes difficult to calculate the transmission capacity of different operation modes for an MMC-HVDC grid. This paper analyzed and simplified affecting factors and basic topologies. On this basis, a topology-based MMC-HVDC grid transmission capacity calculation method is proposed. First, an MMC-HVDC grid is divided into sending end grid, transmission section lines, and receiving end grid. Then the power limits of these three parts are calculated. Finally, the transmission capacity is determined by analyzing the connection mode of these three parts. This method can be adapted to any kind of MMC-HVDC grid and can be easily programmed.
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22

Chen, Yuan Feng. "Research Progress and Obstacles in Development of HVDC." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1327.

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The merits of HVDC,such as long-distance power transmission, less line lose,ability to transmit high-power and so on,were introduced. The obstacles in development of HVDC,including failure of commutation,hazards of higher harmonics,limitations of transmission direction, problems of insulation and so on,were analyzed. The research progress both at home and abroad in development of HVDC were summarized.At last,research and application prospects of HVDC were prospected briefly.
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23

Li, Jinke, Jingyuan Yin, Yonggao Guan, Zhenquan Wang, Tao Niu, Hongning Zhen, Zhikun Han, and Xueying Guo. "A Review on Topology, Operating and Control Methods of HVDC Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farms." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506012.

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High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are a promising solution for long distances power transmission offshore wind farms. In order to satisfy the reliability requirements of receiving-end grid and system, the topology, operation and control of HVDC transmission systems for offshore wind farms should be paid more attention. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to offer a comprehensive summary of existing topology, operation and control methods applied to HVDC transmission system for offshore wind farms. Special attention is provided to the ac grid fault through control methods, droop control methods, power sharing rules and specific requirements of HVDC system planning, model, design and investment. The results are important for understanding the operation of VSC-HVDC in offshore wind farms.
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24

Lefebvre, S., M. Saad, and R. Hurteau. "Adaptive Control for HVdc Power Transmission Systems." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 9 (September 1985): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5526433.

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25

Abdel-Salam, M., and H. Seddik. "Transient analysis of HVDC power transmission systems." European Transactions on Electrical Power 14, no. 3 (May 2004): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.1.

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26

LEFEBVRE, S., M. SAAD, and R. HURTEAU. "Adaptive Control for HVdc Power Transmission Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 9 (September 1985): 2329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318954.

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27

Ashmore, C. "Transmit the light fantastic [HVDC power transmission]." Power Engineer 20, no. 2 (2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20060204.

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28

Borovikov, Yuri S., Alexandr S. Gusev, and Ruslan A. Ufa. "Advanced Simulation of the Power Electronic Converters of VSC FACTS and HVDC in Hybrid Real Time Simulators of Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.749.

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The present paper focuses on simulation of VSC (voltage source converter) based on FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) and HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission technologies. Particular attention is paid to hybrid real-time simulation approach which provides adequate and comprehensive modeling of electric power systems (EPS), containing FACTS and HVDC. The results of experimental research support the necessary level of adequate simulation of commutation processes and suitability of the presented concept and simulation tools for effective solution of research and development tasks of effective use of HVDC and FACTS devices in EPS.
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Nozari, F., and H. S. Patel. "Power electronics in electric utilities: HVDC power transmission systems." Proceedings of the IEEE 76, no. 4 (April 1988): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.4434.

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30

Rehman, Bilawal, Atiq ur Rehman, Waqar Ahmad Khan, Irfan Sami, and Jong-Suk Ro. "Operation and Challenges of Multi-Infeed LCC–HVDC System: Commutation Failure, AC/DC Power Flow, and Voltage Stability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 8637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188637.

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This paper presents a detailed analysis of commutation failure, AC/DC power flow, and voltage stability of multi-infeed high-voltage direct current (HVDC). The use of HVDC power transmission technology has become common in modern power systems. During the past two decades, HVDC technology has been extensively used for long-distance bulk power transmission to remote areas. Throughout the world, the demand for power has drastically increased in recent years due to industrialization; such situations make HVDC an economic candidate because the distance between power generation plants and load areas is significantly very long. The line-commutated converter (LCC) technology-based HVDC system is well more mature than other available conversion schemes (i.e., voltage source converters), and it is widely used in high-power projects. China had approximately 50 HVDC–LCC links in 2020, and a single LCC-based link with the highest capacity is 12 GW. The installation of several HVDC links in an existing power network has led to a situation where two or more HVDC links terminate in the electric vicinity of each other’s AC network or even in same AC busbar. Such scenarios are termed multi-infeed HVDC system. Multi-infeed HVDC systems bring various challenges related to voltage stability, local and concurrent commutation failure, and AC/DC power flow. Here, the literature available on these phenomena of LCC-based HVDC is discussed for future research. The assumptions and drawbacks of various techniques used for investigating the mentioned phenomena are also highlighted.
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Kharal, Kumail, Chang-Hwan Kim, Chulwon Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Chang-Gi Park, Se Lee, and Sang-Bong Rhee. "A Study for the Measurement of the Minimum Clearance Distance between the 500 kV DC Transmission Line and Vegetation." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102606.

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High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is being widely implemented for long-distance electrical power transmission due to its specific benefits over high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission. Most transmission lines pass through forests. Around the HVDC lines, an arc to a nearby tree may be produced. Thus, there should be a minimum possible clearance distance between a live conductor and a nearby tree, named the minimum vegetation clearance distance (MVCD), to avoid short-circuiting. Measurement of minimum clearance distance between the conductor and trees is a significant challenge for a transmission system. In the case of HVAC transmission, a large amount of research has been undertaken in the form of the Gallet equation for the measurement of this distance, whereas for HVDC transmission no substantial work has been done. An equivalent AC voltage value can be derived from the DC voltage value in order to use the Gallet equation. This paper presents an experimental measurement technique for determining the MVCD at 500 kV to verify the results obtained from the Gallet equation in the case of DC voltage. Performing the experiment with a 500 kV DC line is not possible in the laboratory due to safety concerns. Therefore, an experiment up to 60 kV is conducted to measure the MVCD for DC voltage. The measured results achieved from the experiment are then extrapolated to calculate the MVCD at 500 kV.
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Zhang, Ningyu, Qian Zhou, and Haoming Hu. "Minimum Frequency and Voltage Stability Constrained Unit Commitment for AC/DC Transmission Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163412.

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An increased use of the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technologies can have important effects on frequency performance and voltage stability of the receiving-end grid during normal operation as well as during blocking failure. The main reasons are the inherent characteristics of the HVDC such as its much larger capacity than thermal plants and lack of voltage supporting ability to the alternating current (AC) grid. These has led to new challenges for AC/direct current (DC) power grid operators in terms of ensuring power system security. To address these challenges, a unit commitment (UC) of the receiving-end in the AC/DC hybrid grid is presented in this paper. In the proposed model, primary frequency modulation constraints are added to provide sufficient capacity for HVDC blocking. Besides, grid security constraint after secondary frequency regulation is also considered because HVDC blocking failure would cause large range power transfer and transmission lines overload. Meanwhile, voltage stability constraints are employed to guarantee enough voltage supporting capacity from thermal plants at the HVDC feed-in area. Based on the characteristics of the model, Benders decomposition and mixed integer programming algorithm are used to get the optimal transmission power of the HVDC and schedule of thermal units. The study is done by considering the IEEE-39 and Jiangsu power grid in eastern China, containing two HVDC transmission projections respectively. The results are also validated by simulation of different HVDC blocking failure scenarios.
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He, Guoxin, Hongshui Lu, Dongmei Yang, Yonghua Chen, and Wei Du. "Simulation of large-scale energy storage to improve high-voltage DC stability." E3S Web of Conferences 107 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910702008.

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Study on large-scale electrochemical energy storage simulation is carried out in this paper to discuss its feasibility in enhancing the stability of HVDC power transmission, thus providing a reference for large-scale energy storage planning and design in the background of global energy internet. The paper introduces the development status quo of the large-scale energy storage technology, and provides an analysis of the active and inactive power features after HVDC commutation failure by establishing a large-scale energy storage model and a HVDC power transmission system commutation failure model, thereby exploring the configuration feasibility of the large-scale energy storage technology; Then, a simulation analysis is given on the effect of large-scale energy storage on HVDC power transmission fault features; Finally, a prospect was expected towards the application tendency of large-scale energy storage in global energy internet.
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34

Chetty, Leon, and Nelson Ijumba. "Rural electrification using overhead HVDC transmission lines." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3164.

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One of mankind’s greatest modern challenges is poverty alleviation. The provision of electricity can greatly assist in this regard. The tapping of small amounts of power from an HVDC transmission line represents a solution to this problem especially in rural areas. This paper analyses the dynamic characteristics of a parallel-cascaded tapping station. The results obtained clearly indicate that the parallel-cascaded tapping station proves to be a viable solution to tapping small amounts of power from an HVDC transmission line.
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35

Teklu, Henok, and Amit Panchal. "HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION BASED ON TRANSIENT ENERGY AND TRANSIENT POWER: A SURVEY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i3.2018.174.

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As the number of consumers of electricity increases the electric power generated required to serve the consumers increases. Due to the long distance transmission of the generated power the power system becomes complex. That is why HVDC transmission system used for long distance carriage of power. During transmission of HVDC system protection and security of the system is compulsory in order to minimize the overall losses. This review paper discusses the protection of HVDC line based on transient energy and transient power. The fault which is occurred on the system reflected on three main parts of the system. Using modified traveling wave algorithm the transient parameters are determined and the type and location of fault can be detected. The simulation is done using PSCAD/EMTDC, MATLAB/Simulink. Motivation/Background: Due to the complication of a power system, HVDC power transmission system was chosen. But the system needs protection to secure the transportation of the needed amount of power. Method: In this review paper a modified travelling wave algorithm is used to detect the faults. Results: The result from the output of the algorithm shows the transient power and energy came to stability within short time. Conclusions: By detecting the transient power and energy, it can easily be protect the system from severe problem.
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Imdadullah, Basem Alamri, Md Alamgir Hossain, and M. S. Jamil Asghar. "Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172179.

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An interconnection of electric power networks enables decarbonization of the electricity system by harnessing and sharing large amounts of renewable energy. The highest potential renewable energy areas are often far from load centers, integrated through long-distance transmission interconnections. The transmission interconnection mitigates the variability of renewable energy sources by importing and exporting electricity between neighbouring regions. This paper presents an overview of regional and global energy consumption trends by use of fuel. A large power grid interconnection, including renewable energy and its integration into the utility grid, and globally existing large power grid interconnections are also presented. The technologies used for power grid interconnections include HVAC, HVDC (including LCC, VSC comprising of MMC-VSC, HVDC light), VFT, and newly proposed FASAL are discussed with their potential projects. Future trends of grid interconnection, including clean energy initiatives and developments, UHV AC and DC transmission systems, and smart grid developments, are presented in detail. A review of regional and global initiatives in the context of a sustainable future by implementing electric energy interconnections is presented. It presents the associated challenges and benefits of globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental interconnectors. Finally, in this paper, research directions in clean and sustainable energy, smart grid, UHV transmission systems that facilitate the global future grid interconnection goal are addressed.
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Song, Yang Cheng Xiang, Jun Luo, and Shu Jun Yao. "Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation (SSO) Caused by HVDC Transmission System." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1243.

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Sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by highly non-linear HVDC devices can lead to shaft failure and electrical instability of a turbo-generator at oscillation frequency lower than power grid frequency. With increasing HVDC installed in power systems, analysis of SSO becomes a great concern of electrical engineers. In this paper, the reason and process of the SSO are presented by analyzing equations of the mass-springs model. Research methods of SSO are reviewed in HVDC system. And advantages of digital time-domain simulation are demonstrated through combining with algorithm of Prony.
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38

Oni, Oluwafemi Emmanuel, Kamati I. Mbangula, and Innocent E. Davidson. "A Review of LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC Technologies and Applications." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v1i3.29.

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High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems has been an alternative method of transmitting electric power from one location to another with some inherent advantages over AC transmission systems. The efficiency and rated power carrying capacity of direct current transmission lines highly depends on the converter used in transforming the current from one form to another (AC to DC and vice versa). A well configured converter reduces harmonics, increases power transfer capabilities, and reliability in that it offers high tolerance to fault along the line. Different HVDC converter topologies have been proposed, built and utilised all over the world. The two dominant types are the line commutated converter LCC and the voltage source converter VSC. This review paper evaluates these two types of converters, their operational characteristics, power rating capability, control capability and losses. The balance of the paper addresses their applications, advantages, limitations and latest developments with these technologies.
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39

Watson, Neville R., and Jeremy D. Watson. "An Overview of HVDC Technology." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174342.

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There is a growing use of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) globally due to the many advantages of Direct Current (DC) transmission systems over Alternating Current (AC) transmission, including enabling transmission over long distances, higher transmission capacity and efficiency. Moreover, HVDC systems can be a great enabler in the transition to a low carbon electrical power system which is an important objective in today’s society. The objectives of the paper are to give a comprehensive overview of HVDC technology, its development, and present status, and to discuss its salient features, limitations and applications.
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40

Tom, Sherin, and Jaimol Thomas. "HVDC Transmission Line Protection Based on Transient Power." Procedia Technology 25 (2016): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.158.

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41

Pei, Zhenying, Peng Liu, Aijun Zhang, and Yaping Zhou. "An Overview on VSC-HVDC Power Transmission Systems." International Journal of Control and Automation 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.5.04.

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42

Flourentzou, N., V. G. Agelidis, and G. D. Demetriades. "VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems: An Overview." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2008.2008441.

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43

Abedin, Tarek, M. Shahadat Hossain Lipu, Mahammad A. Hannan, Pin Jern Ker, Safwan A. Rahman, Chong Tak Yaw, Sieh K. Tiong, and Kashem M. Muttaqi. "Dynamic Modeling of HVDC for Power System Stability Assessment: A Review, Issues, and Recommendations." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164829.

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High-voltage direct current (HVDC) has received considerable attention due to several advantageous features such as minimum transmission losses, enhanced stability, and control operation. An appropriate model of HVDC is necessary to assess the operating conditions as well as to analyze the transient and steady-state stabilities integrated with the AC networks. Nevertheless, the construction of an HVDC model is challenging due to the high computational cost, which needs huge ranges of modeling experience. Therefore, advanced dynamic modeling of HVDC is necessary to improve stability with minimum power loss. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various dynamic modeling of the HVDC transmission system. In line with this matter, an in-depth investigation of various HVDC mathematical models is carried out including average-value modeling (AVM), voltage source converter (VSC), and line-commutated converter (LCC). Moreover, numerous stability assessment models of HVDC are outlined with regard to stability improvement models, current-source system stability, HVDC link stability, and steady-state rotor angle stability. In addition, the various control schemes of LCC-HVDC systems and modular multilevel converter- multi-terminal direct current (MMC-MTDC) are highlighted. This paper also identifies the key issues, the problems of the existing HVDC models as well as providing some selective suggestions for future improvement. All the highlighted insights in this review will hopefully lead to increased efforts toward the enhancement of the modeling for the HVDC system.
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44

Pang and Guo. "Uncertain Hybrid Multiple Attribute Group Decision of Offshore Wind Power Transmission Mode Based on theVIKOR Method." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 6183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216183.

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With the increasing scale of offshore wind power, large-capacity and long-distance offshore wind power will be a trend in the future development of wind power. However, compared with onshore wind power transmission, offshore wind power transmission is more difficult and costly. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and urgency to select the appropriate power transmission mode to realize the long-distance transmission of large-capacity offshore wind power. Since the selection of offshore wind power transmission mode is a multiple attribute decision making problem, in this paper, the technical characteristics of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and voltage source converter based on high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) that are already in use and hybrid HVDC that is possible to be used in offshore wind power transmission in the future are discussed. Based on this analysis, the reliability, economy and construction difficulty of offshore wind power transmission mode are systematically analyzed, and VIKOR method is applied to group decision-making for the selection of offshore wind power transmission mode. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) the characteristics of large-capacity and long-distance offshore wind power transmission are studied, and the evaluation system with multiple indexes including a large number of qualitative indexes is constructed from the technical, economic and social aspects. In order to deal with difficult problems of fuzzy information, interval numbers, language variables, intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and other data types are used to deal with them effectively. (2) In the VIKOR method, because the expert weights are unknown in group decision-making, the expert trust function is used to objectively determine the weight of each expert. (3) The group decision-making analysis of actual case of offshore wind power plant is carried out by using expert knowledge and VIKOR method. The case shows that this method is simple, reasonable and practical.
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Zhou, Yang, Stefan Dalhues, and Ulf Häger. "Dynamic analysis of voltage angle droop controlled HVDC systems in curative congestion management scenarios." EPJ Web of Conferences 217 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921701004.

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The integration of the voltage-source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) system makes the set-point of its active power adaptive to the changes in the power flow, and contributes to the curative congestion management. To further exploit the dynamic behavior of a hybrid AC/DC power system in curative congestion management scenarios, this paper investigates a novel control scheme for voltage angle droop controlled HVDC (VAD-HVDC) systems. The proposed scheme to alleviate the circuit overload is estimated firstly by calculating the severity index when the power flow changes under N-1 situations. Then the voltage angle controlled HVDC system is applied on the modified IEEE 39-bus 10-machine test power system for the time-domain simulation. The dynamic behavior in the HVDC station validates that the VAD control can stabilize the DC voltage and possess a good ability against interference. In addition, the dynamic characteristics analysis on the AC transmission lines proves that the hybrid AC/DC system integrated with the VAD controlled HVDC system are in possession of good stability after the N-1 contingency event. The VAD controller employed in the HVDC system is capable of effective congestion management to mitigate the critical loadings on the transmission lines.
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46

Xue, Min, Hui Ping Zheng, Shu Yong Song, and Xin Jie Hao. "Study on the Control Strategy of Wind Farms Connected to Power Grid by VSC-HVDC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3446.

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The technology of VSC-HVDC transmission has a high degree of flexibility and controllability.This paper researches the control strategy of VSC-HVDC and the operating principle of the wind turbine, which can effectively enhance the stability of power system in the region of wind farms, improve the long-distance transmission capacity of wind power and stabilize the voltage level of public connection point.
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47

Raza, Ali, Armughan Shakeel, Ali Altalbe, Madini O. Alassafi, and Abdul Rehman Yasin. "Impacts of MT-HVDC Systems on Enhancing the Power Transmission Capability." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010242.

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In this paper, improvement in the power transfer capacity of transmission lines (TLs) by utilizing a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) grid is discussed. A multi-terminal HVDC grid designed for wind power can be used as an extra transmission path in interconnected systems during low wind conditions, and provides extra dynamic stability and security. This paper deals with the power transfer capacity as well as the small signal (SS) stability assessments in less damped oscillations accompanying inter area modes. Computation of the maximum allowable power transfer capability is assessed via DC optimal power flow-based control architecture, permitting more power transfer with a definite security margin. The test system is assessed with and without the exploitation of MT-HVDC grid. Simulation work is done using a generic computational framework i.e., international council on large electric systems (CIGRE) B4 test bench with a Kundur’s two area system, shows that voltage source converters (VSCs) provide excellent control and flexibility, improving the power transfer capability keeping the system stable.
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48

Eyenubo, OJ, and P. Oshevire. "IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM QUALITY USING VSC-BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.31.

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The HVDC technology can be represented by the combination of a Direct Current (DC) circuit with two power electronics converters, each one at a link terminal, for AC/DC and DC/AC conversion The principal characteristic of VSC-HVDC transmission is its ability to independently control the reactive and real power flow at each of the AC systems via the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The active and reactive power is related to the power angle and the magnitude of voltage in the reference -frame selected such that the quadrature component will result in the ratio between the maximum fundamental peak phase voltage and the DC total voltagehttp://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.31
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49

Song, Sen, Wei Li, Kai Ni, Hui Xu, Yihua Hu, and Jikai Si. "Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102711.

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To connect renewable energy sources (RESs) with a unity-grid, energy storage (ES) systems are essential to eliminate the weather fluctuation effect, and high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred for large-scale RESs power plants due to the merits of low cost and high efficiency. This paper proposes a multi-port bidirectional DC/DC converter consisting of multiple modules that can integrate ES system and HVDC transmission. Thanks to the adoption of three-port converters as submodules (SMs), ES devices, for example, batteries, can be decentralized into SMs and controlled directly by the SMs. Additionally, SMs are connected in a scalable matrix topology, presenting the advantages of flexible power flows, high voltage step-up ratios and low voltage/current ratings of components to satisfy the requirements of HVDC transmission. Furthermore, the control flexibility and fault tolerance capability are increased due to the matrix topology. In this paper, the analysis of the novel modular multi-port converter is introduced, and its functions are verified by the simulation results in PSIM.
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50

Srilakshmi, Koganti, P. Aravindhababu, and P. Ravi Babu. "A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp227-234.

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<span lang="EN-IN">Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power transmission through cables from offshore wind farms to onshore are HVAC, line commutated HVDC and VSC-HVDC. This paper analyses the various schemes for integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid and suggests that LFAC with submarine cable operating at 0.7 Hz is an optimal choice in obtaining better performances. </span>
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