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Journal articles on the topic 'Hwange National Park'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

HUSTLER, K. "Host preference of oxpeckers in the Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1987.tb01115.x.

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2

Dudley, J. P., G. C. Criag, D. ST C. Gibson, G. Haynes, and J. Klimowicz. "Drought mortality of bush elephants in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 39, no. 2 (June 2001): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0141-6707.2000.00297.x.

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3

Seeber, Peter A., Honestly T. Ndlovu, Patrick Duncan, and André Ganswindt. "Grazing behaviour of the giraffe in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 50, no. 2 (January 7, 2012): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01314.x.

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4

Hustler, Kit, and W. W. Howells. "BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE WHITEHEADED VULTURE IN HWANGE NATIONAL PARK, ZIMBABWE." Ostrich 59, no. 1 (March 1988): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1988.9633920.

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5

Gagnon, Roxanne, Cheryl T. Mabika, and Christophe Bonenfant. "Distribution and density of oxpeckers on giraffes in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 58, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12729.

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Hustler, Kit, and W. W. Howells. "A POPULATION STUDY OF TAWNY EAGLES IN THE HWANGE NATIONAL PARK, ZIMBABWE." Ostrich 57, no. 2 (June 1986): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9634132.

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7

Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Marion Valeix, Mathieu Bourgarel, Felix Murindagomo, and Hervé Fritz. "Seasonal density estimates of common large herbivores in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 47, no. 4 (August 31, 2009): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01077.x.

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8

Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Hervé Fritz, and Ricardo M. Holdo. "Spatial relationship between elephant and sodium concentration of water disappears as density increases in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2007): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004531.

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African elephants Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach) may profoundly affect vegetation and associated animal bio-diversity in savannas (Conybeare 2004, Skarpe et al. 2004). Understanding the patterns of habitat use by elephants is crucial to predict their impacts on ecosystems (Ben-Shahar 1993, Nelleman et al. 2002), particularly now that many populations are recovering from past culling events or poaching outbreaks (Blanc et al. 2007). Surface water is one of the major constraints on elephant distribution (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, Stokke & du Toit 2002), and accordingly, elephant impacts are higher in the vicinity of water (Ben-Shahar 1993, de Beer et al. 2006). However, waterhole selection by elephant remains poorly understood. Weir (1972) showed in Hwange National Park (hereafter Hwange NP), Zimbabwe, that elephant numbers at waterholes over 24 h increased with the sodium concentration of water on nutrient-poor Kalahari sands. His work has become widely cited in elephant studies as it remains the only one, to the best of our knowledge, to have studied elephant use of waterholes in relation to the mineral concentration of water. Weir's work, however, took place when elephant densities in Hwange NP were low, likely below 0.5 elephants km−2 as estimated by aerial censuses (Williamson 1975). Since then, the elephant population has increased dramatically, particularly since the halt to culling operations in 1986 (Chamaillé-Jammes 2006, Cumming 1981). The present elephant density is much higher, estimated to be over 2 elephants km−2 (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, in press), and is one of the highest in the world (Blanc et al. 2007). Increased density may modify ecological constraints and affect the hierarchy of habitat selection processes (Morris 2003), and the extent to which water-nutrient selection still constrains elephant distribution at high population density – when their impact on savanna vegetation is the highest – remains unknown.

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9

Dudley, Joseph P. "Seed Dispersal by Elephants in Semiarid Woodland Habitats of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe1." BIOTROPICA 32, no. 3 (2000): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0556:sdbeis]2.0.co;2.

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Dudley, Joseph P. "Seed Dispersal by Elephants in Semiarid Woodland Habitats of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe1." Biotropica 32, no. 3 (September 2000): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00503.x.

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11

Hustler, K., and W. W. Howells. "The influence of primary production on a raptor community in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400004624.

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ABSTRACTWe studied the breeding success and distribution of three species of eagles, four species of vultures and one species of eagle owl on two areas of differing primary productivity from 1973 to 1984. Densities of all species were lower in areas with lower productivity. Breed-ing success on both biomes was similar, the lower densities of birds on the least productive biome apparently compensating for the lower productivity. Eagles produced more one-egg clutches, laid later and reared fewer young in the period of poor rainfall, probably as a result of reduced productivity. Vulture data were difficult to interpret because abundant food at breed-ing time was created by ungulate population management throughout the entire study period. Concentrations of all species on the more productive biome, and solitary breeding on the least productive biome by a normally colonially breeding species, suggests that primary production also influences vulture densities and perhaps breeding success.

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12

Dudley, Joseph P. "Seed dispersal of Acacia erioloba by African bush elephants in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology 37, no. 4 (December 1999): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.1999.00191.x.

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13

Hulot, Florence D., Antonin Prijac, Jean-Pierre Lefebvre, Stembile Msiteli-Shumba, and Shakkie Kativu. "A first assessment of megaherbivore subsidies in artificial waterholes in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 837, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3968-x.

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14

Mushawemhuka, William, Jayne M. Rogerson, and Jarkko Saarinen. "Nature-based tourism operators’ perceptions and adaptation to climate change in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 42, no. 42 (December 1, 2018): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0034.

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Abstract Climate and weather are important resources for tourism. In particular, nature-based tourism activities and operations are largely dependent on and affected by environmental conditions and changes. Due to the significant socio-economic role of the nature-based tourism and the tourism industry, in general, in the region of southern Africa it is important to understand the dynamics between the industry and climate change. A key aspect of this understanding are perceptions and adaptation preparedness of tourism operators towards the estimated impact of climate change. There is a dearth of empirical studies on climate change perceptions and adaptation in nature-based tourism operations across southern Africa and specifically from Zimbabwe. This research gap is addressed in this article which provides an exploratory analysis of the nature of climate change adaptation practices occurring in southern Africa using evidence from Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe.

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15

Tafangenyasha, Clifford, and Bruce Campbell. "Initiation and maintenance of degraded landscape in the Sinamatella area of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Management 52, no. 1 (January 1998): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1997.0158.

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16

Muboko, Never, Edson Gandiwa, Victor Muposhi, and Tawanda Tarakini. "Illegal hunting and protected areas: Tourist perceptions on wild animal poisoning in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Tourism Management 52 (February 2016): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.023.

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17

Hutson, Jarod M. "A neotaphonomic view of prey demographics and predator preferences at Ngamo Pan, Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 441 (January 2016): 936–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.050.

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18

GUERBOIS, CHLOE, ANNE-BEATRICE DUFOUR, GODFREY MTARE, and HERVE FRITZ. "Insights for Integrated Conservation from Attitudes of People toward Protected Areas Near Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Conservation Biology 27, no. 4 (July 18, 2013): 844–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12108.

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19

Levin, Abigail. "Biopolitics in the National Parks: The Life and Death of Cecil the Lion." Society & Animals 29, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341576.

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Abstract Cecil the Lion lived in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe and was a part of an Oxford conservation study until his death by poaching, outside of Park boundaries, at the hands of an American hunter, in July 2015. Cecil’s death caused unique levels of international outrage, though wildlife poaching in general remains an all-too-ubiquitous phenomenon. This paper enquires as to why this particular death caused such outrage. I will examine this question through two Foucauldian lenses: first, through the Parks’ discursive production of subjects – human and nonhuman animal; and secondly, by investigating Parks’ practices of understanding biopower and pastoral power. I argue that though wildlife conservation in the National Parks is generally interested in conserving the species, not individuals, Cecil’s status as a named individual in a scientific study resulted in the outrage and speaks to the paradox at the heart of Foucault’s idea of pastoral power.

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20

Valeix, Marion, Hervé Fritz, Ségolène Dubois, Kwanele Kanengoni, Samuel Alleaume, and Sonia Saïd. "Vegetation structure and ungulate abundance over a period of increasing elephant abundance in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003609.

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This study investigates whether increases in elephant populations may influence the structure of African savannas, and consequently may affect other herbivores through changes in habitats. Two contrasting periods in terms of elephant population densities were compared in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe: the early 1980s and the late 1990s. Elephant population density and other ungulate population densities were estimated for a c. 400-km2 area from road counts. Vegetation structure at the landscape scale was assessed using aerial photographs for the same area. All browsers and grazers declined between the early 1980s and the late 1990s, whereas elephants experienced a 16-fold increase. At the landscape scale, vegetation structure changed little with no evidence of an opening of the habitats. These results do not support any kind of medium-term facilitation between elephants and other herbivores. They rather suggest a negative effect of elephants on other herbivore species when elephants are present at high densities. This study rules out a scenario where the decrease of the different herbivore populations was caused by large changes in vegetation structure due to elephant activity.

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21

Morandin, C., A. J. Loveridge, G. Segelbacher, N. Elliot, H. Madzikanda, D. W. Macdonald, and J. Höglund. "Gene flow and immigration: genetic diversity and population structure of lions (Panthera leo) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Conservation Genetics 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2014): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0571-6.

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22

van der Meer, Esther, Hervé Fritz, Peter Blinston, and Gregory S. A. Rasmussen. "Ecological trap in the buffer zone of a protected area: effects of indirect anthropogenic mortality on the African wild dog Lycaon pictus." Oryx 48, no. 2 (August 2, 2013): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001366.

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AbstractBecause of the large home range requirements of wide-ranging carnivores, protected areas are often too small to maintain large populations. Consequently these carnivores regularly move outside protected areas, where they are likely to be exposed to anthropogenic mortality. We used data from 15 packs of radio-collared African wild dogs Lycaon pictus to examine the level of anthropogenic mortality African wild dogs experience around Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, and tried to determine whether the buffer zone outside the Park acts as an ‘ecological trap’. Over time, study packs moved their territories closer to or beyond the Park border. With the movement of territories into the buffer zone outside the Park, African wild dogs experienced an increasing level of anthropogenic mortality. Although larger litters were born outside the Park, mortality exceeded natality. Densities of the African wild dog in the study area were low and territories for given pack sizes were smaller outside the Park. Hence, the movement of packs outside the Park does not appear to be density related and the buffer zone is therefore unlikely to function as a classic sink. Favourable ecological conditions indicate that the buffer zone outside the Park is likely to serve as an ecological trap, with fitness-enhancing factors attracting African wild dogs outside the Park, where they are incapable of perceiving the higher mortality risk associated with mostly indirect anthropogenic causes. As far as we know this is one of the first studies describing an ecological trap for mammals.

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23

Frison, George C. "Experimental Use of Clovis Weaponry and Tools on African Elephants." American Antiquity 54, no. 4 (October 1989): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280681.

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Clovis projectile points and chipped-stone tools have been recovered in a number of archaeological sites in the New World, but these cannot be tested on mammoths, which we know from the archaeological evidence Clovis hunters were able to procure. Extensive culling of elephants in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe provided the necessary animals to test replicas of Clovis tools and weaponry. The experiments leave little doubt that Clovis projectile points can inflict lethal wounds on African elephants and that simple stone tools will perform the necessary butchering tasks. The physiology of mammoths and elephants is similar enough to make positive statements on the potential of this kind of stone-tool and weaponry assemblage, but we will never be able to compare elephant and mammoth behavior directly.

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Msiteli-Shumba, Stembile, Shakki Kativu, and Florence D. Hulot. "Influence of environmental variables on plankton community composition in permanent and temporal pans in and around Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 72, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2017.1293571.

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25

Chamaillé-Jammes, S., H. Fritz, and F. Murindagomo. "Detecting climate changes of concern in highly variable environments: Quantile regressions reveal that droughts worsen in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Arid Environments 71, no. 3 (November 2007): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.05.005.

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26

Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Anaïs Charbonnel, Stéphane Dray, Hillary Madzikanda, and Hervé Fritz. "Spatial Distribution of a Large Herbivore Community at Waterholes: An Assessment of Its Stability over Years in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): e0153639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153639.

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27

Valeix, Marion. "Temporal dynamics of dry-season water-hole use by large African herbivores in two years of contrasting rainfall in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000647.

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Abstract:As the dry season progresses in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, rain-fed surface water sources become depleted, forcing most animals to concentrate in the immediate vicinity of the few remaining permanent sources of drinking water. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of use of water-holes by nine African large-herbivore species in the dry season in the semi-arid savanna of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, and particularly how annual rainfall influences this temporal dynamics. Two contrasting years in terms of annual rainfall were compared: 2003 (a drought – 362.6 mm) and 2004 (average rainfall – 695.8 mm). In 2003, water-holes were used far more intensively and the level of aggregation of herbivores at water-holes was significantly higher. The temporal dynamics of water-hole use in the dry season differed between the two years: in 2003, the peak of water-hole use started much earlier and lasted 3 mo. Elephants and grazers showed the largest difference in use of water-holes between 2003 and 2004 supporting the suggestion that browsers are less water dependent. This study suggests that annual rainfall should be taken into account when predicting the peak of the dry season.

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Ndaimani, Henry, Paradzayi Tagwireyi, Lovelater Sebele, and Hillary Madzikanda. "An Ecological Paradox: The African Wild Dog (Lycaon Pictus) Is Not Attracted to Water Points When Water Is Scarce in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): e0146263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146263.

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Wriston, Teresa, and Gary Haynes. "Sediments, soils, and the expansion of farmers into a forager's world: A geoarchaeological study of the mid-to-late Holocene in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Quaternary International 466 (February 2018): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.010.

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30

Barnier, Florian, Marion Valeix, Patrick Duncan, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Philippe Barre, Andrew J. Loveridge, David W. Macdonald, and Hervé Fritz. "Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1785 (June 22, 2014): 20140446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0446.

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Predators influence prey populations not only through predation itself, but also indirectly through prompting changes in prey behaviour. The behavioural adjustments of prey to predation risk may carry nutritional costs, but this has seldom been studied in the wild in large mammals. Here, we studied the effects of an ambush predator, the African lion ( Panthera leo ), on the diet quality of plains zebras ( Equus quagga ) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. We combined information on movements of both prey and predators, using GPS data, and measurements of faecal crude protein, an index of diet quality in the prey. Zebras which had been in close proximity to lions had a lower quality diet, showing that adjustments in behaviour when lions are within short distance carry nutritional costs. The ultimate fitness cost will depend on the frequency of predator–prey encounters and on whether bottom-up or top-down forces are more important in the prey population. Our finding is the first attempt to our knowledge to assess nutritionally mediated risk effects in a large mammalian prey species under the threat of an ambush predator, and brings support to the hypothesis that the behavioural effects of predation induce important risk effects on prey populations.

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Chisango, Future Fortune T., and Angela Maposa. "Effects of Human-Wildlife Conflict on Agricultural Productivity, Post Fast Track Land Reform Program in Zimbabwe: A Case of Gwayi Conservancy and Resettlement Areas Bordering Hwange National Park." Greener Journal of Ecology and Ecosolution 3, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjee.2016.1.011916014.

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Rumiano, F., C. Gaucherel, P. Degenne, E. Miguel, S. Chamaillé-Jammes, H. Valls-Fox, D. Cornélis, et al. "COMBINED USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL MODELLING: WHEN SURFACE WATER IMPACTS BUFFALO (<i>SYNCERUS CAFFER CAFFER</i>) MOVEMENTS IN SAVANNA ENVIRONMENTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 29, 2021): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-631-2021.

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Abstract. In semi-arid savannas, the availability of surface water constrains movements and space-use of wild animals. To accurately model their movements in relation to water selection at a landscape scale, innovative methods have to be developed to i) better discriminate water bodies in space while characterizing their seasonal occurrences and ii) integrate this information in a spatially-explicit model to simulate animal movements according to surface water availability. In this study, we propose to combine satellite remote sensing (SRS) and spatial modelling in the case of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) movements at the periphery of Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe).An existing classification method of satellite Sentinel-2 time-series images has been adapted to produce monthly surface water maps at 10 meters spatial resolution. The resulting water maps have then been integrated into a spatialized mechanistic movement model based on a collective motion of self-propelled individuals to simulate buffalo movements in response to surface water.The use of spectral indices derived from Sentinel-2 in combination with the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band in a Random Forest (RF) classifier provided robust results with a mean Kappa index, over the time series, of 0.87 (max = 0.98, min = 0.65). The results highlighted strong space and time variabilities of water availability in the study area. The mechanistic movement model showed a positive and significant correlation between observations/simulations movements and space-use of buffalo’s herds (Spearman r = 0.69, p-value < 10 e-114) despite overestimating the presence of buffalo individuals at proximity of the surface water.

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Robbins, Robert, and E. Kim McCreery. "African wild dog pup vocalizations with special reference to Morton's model." Behaviour 140, no. 3 (2003): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903321826666.

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AbstractAfrican wild dog (Lycaon pictus) pup vocalizations were studied in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe for weeks 3 through 7 of the socialization period. Here we present the vocal repertoire, including the use of repetitive and mixed sounds, and investigate the extent to which the emerging sound system of Lycaon conforms to predicted design features of Morton's (MS) motivation-structural rules. Features of the pup sound system are highlighted by comparison with adults and other social canids. Data were collected at three den sites (litter sizes: 8, 8, and 9) of two study packs. A total of 1903 vocalizations were classified, and eight vocal classes and seven subclasses were identified. Although all sounds identified persist into adulthood, observations indicate a delayed onset in some vocal classes, including both the lowest (i.e. rumbles) and highest (i.e. twitters) frequency sounds. As predicted by the (MS) model, pups invested heavily in high frequency, harmonic care/social soliciting sounds (91%, N = 1586 unmixed vocalizations), however, no clear association between acoustic structure and sound repetition was found. Significantly more repetition was heard in all vocal classes with the exception of moans and barks. Intra-pack aggression is generally muted in this obligate social carnivore suggesting that repetition may be a low cost strategy to induce social outcomes and obtain food. The patterning of mixed vocalizations (N = 317) was consistent with the (MS) model. Given the high degree of cooperation necessary for individual survival, the predominant use of cross-mixed sounds may serve to minimize conflict as pups begin to form relationships with littermates and adults. Noisy/noisy sounds were exceptionally rare. Comparative data suggest a relationship between the early patterning of mixed sounds and species-specific social organization in canids.

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Thiesen, Guilherme, Telma Martins de Araújo, Maria Perpétua Mota Freitas, and Alexandre Trindade Simões da Motta. "An interview with Hyeon-Shik Hwang." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 1 (February 2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.1.024-033.int.

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It gives me great pleasure to interview Dr. Hyeon-Shik Hwang, an innovative orthodontist who has developed many creative techniques over his career. Dr. Hwang was born in Korea and received his DDS and PhD degrees from Yonsei University in Seoul. He is professor and chairman of the Department of Orthodontics at Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea. Dr. Hwang, as a faculty at the university hospital, has maintained a successful clinical practice for more than 25 years. He has treated many adult patients focusing on esthetics and periodontal health and has developed many clinical techniques to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment to the benefit of both the patient and practitioner. Dr. Hwang is also interested in the evaluation of facial asymmetry two- and three-dimensionally. As one of the early adopters of cone-beam volume imaging, he has given special emphasis on the management of surgical cases. He is married to Jung-Un Park with whom he has two sons. His favorite hobbies are photography and listening to music. When I was presented to him in a congress, it was a great pleasure meeting someone who I already admired for his singular work. Later on, his humbleness and knowledge made me marvel at him even more. I hope that all readers of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics also enjoy the teachings from this brilliant Korean orthodontist! Guilherme Thiesen - interview coordinator

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Buard, Elodie. "Description des états annuels et des évolutions de la couverture végétale observée par des séries temporelles d'images MODIS dans le parc national de Hwange (Zimbabwe)." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 207 (June 19, 2014): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2014.54.

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Dans le parc de Hwange au Zimbabwe, les grands troupeaux d'herbivores, comme les éléphants, zèbres ou buffles, sont concentrés sur certaines zones. Ces zones subissent donc une forte pression animale. Nous cherchons à étudier l'évolution de la végétation sur ces zones, et plus généralement sur l'ensemble du parc, pour ensuite étudier les liens entre les pratiques spatiales des troupeaux d'animaux et l'évolution de la végétation. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une démarche pour identifier les évolutions de la couverture végétale, mesurée par le biais des pixels des images satellites MODIS, disponibles à une fréquence mensuelle. L'ensemble de ces images constitue des séries temporelles d'images. Notre démarche permet d'estimer l'importance et le sens de l'évolution de la couverture végétale entre 2003 et 2010 puis d'identifier les lieux d'évolutions.Chaque image permet d'obtenir des valeurs d'indice NDVI par pixel de 250 m, qui décrivent la biomasse produite. Puis grâce aux séries temporelles de ces images, une analyse évolutive des valeurs NDVI est effectuée. Dans une première partie, nous établissons des profils types de phénologie des végétaux, qui décrivent l'évolution de la biomasse produite par les végétaux au cours de l'année. Comme la phénologie est liée à la pluviométrie, les profils types d'évolution annuelle de la biomasse sont définis pour une année sèche et pour une année humide. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous concentrons sur des évolutions sur une dizaine d'années. Grâce à ces profils types, nous identifions les pixels présentant une faible couverture végétale annuelle en utilisant des seuils d'anormalité statistique. Sur plusieurs années, nous pouvons en dégager des pixels, et donc des lieux du parc, où la couverture végétale a évolué, que ce soit en croissance ou en dégradation.

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Lee, Jung Hwan. "Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Epidural Injection With or Without Steroid in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (September 15, 2018): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.5.449.

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Background: Epidural injection is performed for treatment of back and radicular pain in patients with lumbosacral disc herniation (LDH). Steroids are usually administered to effectively remove inflammatory mediators, and local anesthetics or saline also contribute to pain reduction by washing out chemical mediators or blocking the nociceptor activity. Controversy exists regarding whether steroids produce superior clinical effects compared with local anesthetics or saline. Objectives: This study investigated whether epidural injection of steroids produces better clinical effects than local anesthetics or saline in the treatment of LDH. Study design: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane review, and KoreaMed for studies published from January 1996 until July 2017. From among the studies fulfilling the search criteria, those that compared the clinical efficacy of steroids and control agents, such as local anesthetics or saline, in terms of pain control and functional improvement were included in this study. Exclusion criteria included a previous history of lumbosacral surgery, non-specific low back pain, severe spinal stenosis, and severe disc degeneration. Setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis using a random effects model on randomized controlled studies (RCTs). Methods: After reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts of 6,711 studies that were chosen following removal of duplicates after the initial database search, 15 randomized controlled studies were included in our qualitative synthesis. Data including pain score, functional score, and follow-up period were extracted from 14 studies and analyzed using a random effects model to calculate the effect size and its corresponding statistical significance. Quality and level of evidence were established in accordance with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: Steroids and local anesthetics were shown to be effective. Steroid showed significantly better pain control than control agents at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The superiority of steroid in pain control was more prominent at one month, but diminished from 3 months to 1 year, showing no significant superiority in terms of mean difference, With respect to functional score, no significant difference was observed between steroids and control agents. The subgroup analysis showed that steroid revealed significant superiority in pain and functional score at 1 month to saline rather than local anesthetics. Generally, the quality of included studies was evaluated as high-grade, but the evidence level was determined to be moderate, due to inconsistencies. Limitation: Analyses of safety or adverse effects could not be performed due to a lack of available data from the included studies. Conclusions: Steroid is recommended over local anesthetics or saline for pain control in Systematic Review Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Epidural Injection With or Without Steroid in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis From: 1 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; 2 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; 3 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine,Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea; 4 Heal & Teun Rehabilitation & Pain Clinic, Bundang, South Korea; 5 Seocho SeBarun Hospital , Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 6 Chungbuk National University Hospital,, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cheongjoo, South Korea; 7 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea; 8 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea Address Correspondence: Jung Hwan Lee, MD, PhD Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Spine Health Wooridul Hospital 445, Hakdong-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea E-mail: j986802@hanmail.net Disclaimer: There was no external funding in the preparation of this manuscript. Conflict of interest: Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no commercial association (i.e., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of Jung Hwan Lee, MD, PhD1 , Dong Hwan Kim, MD, PhD2 , Du Hwan Kim, MD, PhD3 , Kyoung-ho Shin, MD4 , Sung Jin Park, MD5 , Goo Joo Lee, MD6 , Chang-Hyung Lee, MD, PhD7 , and Hee Seung Yang, MD8 www.painphysicianjournal.com Pain Physician 2018; 21:449-467 • ISSN 1533-3159 patients with LDH, with a weak strength of recommendation. The superiority of steroids was remarkable, especially at relatively short-term follow-ups, and maintained until the 1 year followup. The clinical benefits of steroids at 1 month were more prominent when compared with saline, than when compared with local anesthetics. Key words: Steroid, local anesthetics, saline, epidural injection, pain, function, meta-analysis, systemic review

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Diffrient, David Scott. "Some ‘R’ points: Repression, repulsion, revelation and redemption in South Korean horror films." Horror Studies 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00020_1.

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This article examines some of the formal properties, stylistic motifs and thematic preoccupations of classic and contemporary South Korean horror films. As a genre that has enormous box-office appeal and crossover potential for western audiences, horror might seem to be little more than a commercial platform for young filmmakers to exploit popular tastes and cash in on derivative stories offering scant insight into the social conditions faced by modern-day Koreans. However, even the most cliché-ridden, shock-filled slasher films and ghost tales reveal the often-contradictory cultural attitudes of a populace that, over the past three generations, has weathered literally divisive transformations at the national and ideological levels. As such, the genre deserves scrutiny as a repository of previously pent-up, suddenly unleashed libidinal energies, consumerist desires and historical traumas, as well as a barometer of public opinion about such issues as class warfare, gender inequality and sexual identity. Specifically, I explore some of the most salient features of Korean horror cinema, including filmmakers’ tendency to adopt narrative analepsis – typically rendered as flashbacks – in the course of plotting out scenarios that, though far-fetched, are rooted in unsettled (and unsettling) real-world problems. Historical return, I argue, truly is a horrifying prospect, especially for anyone old enough to remember, or to have experienced firsthand, the brutality of a military dictatorship or an ongoing abuse of presidential power resulting in severe rights violations (e.g. the Park Chung-hee [1961–79]) and Chun Doo-hwan [1980–88] administrations). But historical return simply must be dramatized as part of the regurgitative ‘purging’ for which the genre has been singled out by theorists who recognize horror’s socially productive function.

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Kavhu, Blessing, and Henry Ndaimani. "Analysing factors influencing fire frequency in Hwange National Park." South African Geographical Journal, June 18, 2021, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2021.1941219.

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De Castro, Julio J., Mabel De Castro, Julio J. De Castro, and Patricia Ruiz Teixidor. "Hippo cannibalism." Biodiversity Observations 10 (December 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/bo.v10i0.828.

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Dudley, J. P. "Record of carnivory, scavenging and prédation for Hippopotamus amphibius in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Mammalia 60, no. 3 (January 1, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm-1996-0315.

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Msiteli-Shumba, Stembile, Shakki Kativu, Beaven Utete, Edwin Makuwe, and Florence D. Hulot. "Driving factors of temporary and permanent shallow lakes in and around Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Water SA 44, no. 2 April (April 25, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v44i2.12.

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Small aquatic ecosystems in semi-arid environments are characterised by strong seasonal water level fluctuations. In addition, land use as well as artificial pumping of groundwater to maintain water resources throughout the dry season may affect the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated pans situated in and around Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, where certain waterholes are artificially maintained during the dry season for conservation purposes. We monitored 30 temporary and permanent waterholes for 7 months across the wet and dry seasons in 2013, and analysed them for standard parameters to investigate seasonal variations, assess the effects of land use and pumping on lake functioning, and determine the driving factors of these aquatic systems. Results show an increase in conductivity, hardness, and turbidity when temporary pans dry up and permanent ones are filled with groundwater. Prominent parameters explaining the diversity of aquatic ecosystems are water hardness, conductivity, turbidity, and the presence of vegetation. Seasonality differences in certain parameters suggest the influence of water level fluctuations associated with rainfall, evaporation, and pumping activities. Further, the distinction between turbid pans and those with clear water and vegetation suggests the alternative functioning of pans. Land use had no significant effects, while the effects of pumping are discussed. In times of water scarcity, animals gather around artificially maintained waterholes and foul water with faeces and urine, thus inducing water eutrophication.

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Mlambo, Liberty, Munyaradzi Davis Shekede, Elhadi Adam, John Odindi, and Amon Murwira. "Home range and space use by African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Ecology, June 26, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12890.

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Ewbank, David A. "Diurnal time-activity budgets of Blacksmith Lapwings in the dry season at Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Wader Study 125, no. 1 (April 15, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18194/ws.00104.

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Salnicki, Julia, Marion Teichmann, V. J. Wilson, and F. Murindagomo. "Spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta prey on new-born elephant calves in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Koedoe 44, no. 2 (August 30, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v44i2.177.

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Spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta are known to be opportunists and to have a varied diet including mammals, reptiles and birds. Prey most often hunted are medium sized ungulates but spotted hyaenas will on occasion take larger species such as giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis and zebra Equus burchellii. They are also known to hunt whichever species are most abundant and will vary their prey seasonally. In this study spotted hyaenas were observed to take an unusual prey species in the form of elephant calves (Loxodonta africana). On a number of occasions hyaenas were observed feeding on or killing newborn and very young elephant calves. These observations were made whilst the authors were conducting research on spotted hyaena ecology in the woodlands of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe and were made during the dry season between September and November 1999.

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Arraut, Eduardo M., Andrew J. Loveridge, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Hugo Valls-Fox, and David W. Macdonald. "The 2013–2014 vegetation structure map of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, produced using free satellite images and software." KOEDOE - African Protected Area Conservation and Science 60, no. 1 (September 27, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v60i1.1497.

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Mukwashi. "Impact of African elephants on Baikiaea plurijuga woodland around natural and artificial watering points in northern Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 2, no. 3 (February 23, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.6088/ijes.00202030022.

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Mpakairi, Kudzai Shaun, Henry Ndaimani, Paradzayi Tagwireyi, Mark Zvidzai, and Tinaapi Hilary Madiri. "Futuristic climate change scenario predicts a shrinking habitat for the African elephant (Loxodonta africana): evidence from Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." European Journal of Wildlife Research 66, no. 1 (December 4, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-019-1327-x.

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Rozen-Rechels, David, Hugo Valls-Fox, Cheryl Tinashe Mabika, and Simon Chamaillé-Jammes. "Temperature as a constraint on the timing and duration of African elephant foraging trips." Journal of Mammalogy, November 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa129.

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Abstract In arid and semiarid environments, water is a key resource that is limited in availability. During the dry season, perennial water sources such as water pans often are far apart and shape the daily movement routines of large herbivores. In hot environments, endotherms face a lethal risk of overheating that can be buffered by evaporative cooling. Behavioral adjustments are an alternative way to reduce thermal constraints on the organism. The trade-off between foraging and reaching water pans has been studied widely in arid environments; however, few studies have looked into how ambient temperature shapes individual trips between two visits to water. In this study, we tracked during the dry season the movement of eight GPS-collared African elephants (Loxodonta africana) cows from different herds in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. This species, the largest extant terrestrial animal, is particularly sensitive to heat due to its body size and the absence of sweat glands. We show that most foraging trips depart from water at nightfall, lowering the average temperature experienced during walking. This pattern is conserved across isolated elephant populations in African savannas. We also observed that higher temperatures at the beginning of the trip lead to shorter trips. We conclude that elephants adjust the timing of foraging trips to reduce the thermal constraints, arguing that further considerations of the thermal landscape of endotherms are important to understand their ecology.

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