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1
Zhang, Jing, Xueming Li, Tongliga Bao, Zhenghai Li, Chong Liu, and Yuan Xu. "Linking Demographic Factors, Land Use, Ecosystem Services, and Human Well-Being: Insights from an Sandy Landscape, Uxin in Inner Mongolia, China." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 4847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094847.
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Ecosystem services are fundamental in supporting human well-being which is a core component of sustainability. Understanding the relationship between ecosystem services (ESs) and human well-being (HWB) in a changing landscape is important to implement appropriate ecosystem management and policy development. Combining with demographic, economic, and cultural factors, their land use are the elements linking ESs and HWB at fine scale. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate household HWB changes in the past decade, and understand the relationship between demographic factors, land use, ESs, and HWB in the social-ecological landscapes of Uxin, in Inner Mongolia. Our results indicate that: the levels of HWB of local herder families were slightly improved from 2007 to 2016; changes in family demographic factors enhanced their land use intensity, resulting in an increased supply capacity of ecosystems and improved HWB; in addition, regulating services contributed more to HWB than provisioning services. The results of this study can help improve the understanding of the relationship between ESs and HWB, and provide valuable information to policy-makers to maintain particular ESs or to improve HWB.
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Zhu, Dan, and Degang Yang. "Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Ecological Policy Compromises Human Well-Being and Giant Panda Habitat Conservation in Giant Panda National Park." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095013.
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Identifying how policy, socioeconomic factors, and environmental factors influence changes in human well-being (HWB) and conservation efficiency is important for ecological management and sustainable development, especially in the Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). In this study, we systematically analyzed the differences in the conservation status of the giant panda habitat and changes in HWB over 15 years in the GPNP, which includes six mountain sites, Minshan (MS), Qionglai (QLS), Xiaoxiangling (XXL), Liangshan (LS), Qinling (QL), and Daxiangling (DXL). Redundancy analyses were used to determine the factors contributing (policy, socioeconomic factors, and environmental factors) to HWB and giant panda habitat conservation (HC). In addition, using a structural equation model (SEM), we investigated the relationship between the aforementioned three factors and their direct and indirect effects on HWB and HC. The results indicated that there was spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HWB and HC in our study area. There was an increasing number of plant species as well as an increased number of giant panda in GPNP. Generally, HWB in 2015 showed an increasing trend compared with that in 2000. Socioeconomic factors (23.6%) have the biggest influence on HWB and HC, followed by policy (23.2%) and environmental factors (19.4%). Conservation policy had a significantly positive influence on HWB (0.52), while it negatively influenced HC (−0.15). Socioeconomic factors significantly negatively influenced HWB (−0.38). The formulation and implementation of policies to promote economic development will contribute to the protection of giant pandas and their habitat. Our results provide insight on the conservation status of the giant panda habitat, HWB, and factors influencing them in different mountain sites in the GPNP, as well as having implications for the future management of the GPNP.
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Wang, Hai-ou, Qing-quan Fu, Shou-jiang Chen, Zhi-chao Hu, and Huan-xiong Xie. "Effect of Hot-Water Blanching Pretreatment on Drying Characteristics and Product Qualities for the Novel Integrated Freeze-Drying of Apple Slices." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1347513.
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The effect of hot-water blanching (HWB) on drying characteristics and product qualities of dried apple slices with the novel integrated freeze-drying (NIFD) process was investigated by comparing with 3 different FD methods. Compared with the NIFD process without HWB pretreatment (VF-FD), the NIFD process with HWB pretreatment (HWB-VF-FD) resulted in a significantly higher mass loss and more sufficient freezing in vacuum-frozen samples, significantly higher rehydration ratio (RR), higher shrinkage ratio (SR), smaller Vitamin C (VC) content and lower hardness and better apparent shape in freeze-dried samples, and fewer change to the color of the dried or rehydrated samples (p<0.05). Compared with the conventional FD process with HWB pretreatment (HWB-PF-FD), HWB-VF-FD cost significantly less processing time and FD time and obtained significantly higher RR (p<0.05), almost the equivalent SR, VC content, and hardness, and similar appearance in dried samples. The microstructure of apple cell tissues was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to interpret the above differences in drying characteristics and product qualities. The results suggested that the NIFD process of apple slices with HWB pretreatment was a promising alternative method to decrease drying time, achieve similar product quality, and simplify the process steps of the conventional FD technology.
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Bilderback, T. E. "Physical Properties of Pine Bark and Hardwood Bark Media and Their Effects with 4 Fertilizers on Growth of llex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Holly." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-3.4.181.
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Pine bark (PB) and composted hardwood bark (HWB) were combined into 5 media. Particle size distribution, total porosity, air space, moisture retention characteristics, and bulk density were determined for each medium. Four commercial fertilizers were applied and substrate nitrogen levels, pH, % foliar nitrogen and top dry weight were determined for Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. Pine bark had approximately 84% of the particles between 4.75 and 1.0 mm (0.19 and 0.04 in). As HWB was added in 25% increments (by vol) the percent weight of particles in this range decreased. HWB increased bulk density, but did not significantly change total porosity. Hardwood bark and the 1:3 PB:HWB (v/v) medium held more water than other media. Nursery Special raised pH in all media treatments. Plants treated with SulfurKote tended to have the highest foliar nitrogen content. The Sierrablen in PB and SulfurKote in 3 PB:1 HWB and 1 PB:1 HWB (v/v) and HWB produced the greatest top dry weight.
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Naeem, Shahid, Robin Chazdon, J. Emmett Duffy, Case Prager, and Boris Worm. "Biodiversity and human well-being: an essential link for sustainable development." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1844 (December 14, 2016): 20162091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2091.
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As society strives to transition towards more sustainable development pathways, it is important to properly conceptualize the link between biodiversity (i.e. genes, traits, species and other dimensions) and human well-being (HWB; i.e. health, wealth, security and other dimensions). Here, we explore how published conceptual frameworks consider the extent to which the biodiversity–HWB links are being integrated into public discourse and scientific research and the implications of our findings for sustainable development. We find that our understanding has gradually evolved from seeing the value of biodiversity as an external commodity that may influence HWB to biodiversity as fundamental to HWB. Analysis of the literature trends indicates increasing engagement with the terms biodiversity , HWB and sustainable development in the public, science and policy spheres, but largely as independent rather than linked terms. We suggest that a consensus framework for sustainable development should include biodiversity explicitly as a suite of internal variables that both influence and are influenced by HWB. Doing so will enhance clarity and help shape coherent research and policy priorities. We further suggest that the absence of this link in development can inadvertently lead to a ratcheting down of biodiversity by otherwise well-meaning policies. Such biotic impoverishment could lock HWB at minimum levels or lead to its decline and halt or reverse progress in achieving sustainable development.
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Su, Xiao, Chen, Qin, and Ding. "Cryosphere Services and Human Well-Being." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164365.
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Cryosphere services (CSs) refer to various benefits that humans directly or indirectly obtain from the cryosphere, which makes significant contributions to human well-being (HWB). To facilitate such research, we first present a classification system for conceptualizing, monitoring and assessing CSs based on the current process-based understanding of their nature and sustainability. Specifically, the CSs are grouped into five major categories (provisioning, regulating, cultural, bearing and supporting services) and 18 sub-categories. Then we provide a detailed overview on formation, current status and anticipated future changes of the identified types of the services, and their impact on HWB. Finally, the spatio-temporal scales, the links of the services with HWB and climate-dependence are further discussed. The research of CSs adopt interdisciplinary approach to address the formation mechanisms of CSs and their dynamic relationships with HWB, which is poised to provide a better understanding of the cryosphere’s role in human society and help enhance socio-ecological sustainability and HWB over cryosphere-affected areas. Notably, most CSs have been deteriorating under global warming and cryosphere shrinkage, further leading to negative impacts on associated HWB. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the changes in CSs and their cascading risks.
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Wendelboe-Nelson, Charlotte, Sarah Kelly, Marion Kennedy, and John Cherrie. "A Scoping Review Mapping Research on Green Space and Associated Mental Health Benefits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122081.
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Background: There is a growing interest in research investigating the association between green space (GS) and mental health and wellbeing (HWB), in order to understand the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, there is a need to map the literature and create an overview of the research. Methods: A scoping review approach was used to map literature on GS, including context and co-exposures (the GS exposome), and their associations with mental HWB. The review considers mental HWB definitions and measurements and how GS is characterized. Furthermore, the review aims to identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. Results: We identified a great diversity in study designs, definitions, outcome measures, consideration of the totality of the GS exposome, and reporting of results. Around 70% of the 263 reviewed studies reported a positive association between some aspect of GS and HWB. However, there is a limited amount of research using randomized controlled crossover trails (RCTs) and mixed methods and an abundance of qualitative subjective research. Conclusions: The discords between study designs, definitions, and the reporting of results makes it difficult to aggregate the evidence and identify any potential causal mechanisms. We propose key points to consider when defining and quantifying GS and make recommendations for reporting on research investigating GS and mental HWB. This review highlights a need for large well-designed RCTs that reliably measure the GS exposome in relation to mental HWB.
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Karchner, James P., Farzad Yousefi, Stephanie R. Bitman, Kurosh Darvish, and Nancy Pleshko. "Non-Destructive Spectroscopic Assessment of High and Low Weight Bearing Articular Cartilage Correlates with Mechanical Properties." CARTILAGE 10, no. 4 (April 24, 2018): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603518764269.
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Objective Autologous articular cartilage (AC) harvested for repair procedures of high weight bearing (HWB) regions of the femoral condyles is typically obtained from low weight bearing (LWB) regions, in part due to the lack of non-destructive techniques for cartilage composition assessment. Here, we demonstrate that infrared fiber optic spectroscopy can be used to non-destructively evaluate variations in compositional and mechanical properties of AC across LWB and HWB regions. Design AC plugs ( N = 72) were harvested from the patellofemoral groove of juvenile bovine stifle joints, a LWB region, and femoral condyles, a HWB region. Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) fiber optic spectra were collected from plugs, and indentation tests were performed to determine the short-term and equilibrium moduli, followed by gravimetric water and biochemical analysis. Results LWB tissues had a significantly greater amount of water determined by NIR and gravimetric assay. The moduli generally increased in tissues from the patellofemoral groove to the condyles, with HWB condyle cartilage having significantly higher moduli. A greater amount of proteoglycan content was also found in HWB tissues, but no differences in collagen content. In addition, NIR-determined water correlated with short-term modulus and proteoglycan content ( R = −0.40 and −0.31, respectively), and a multivariate model with NIR data was able to predict short-term modulus within 15% error. Conclusions The properties of tissues from LWB regions differ from HWB tissues and can be determined non-destructively by infrared fiber optic spectroscopy. Clinicians may be able to use this modality to assess AC prior to harvesting osteochondral grafts for focal defect repair.
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Gray, Shirley, Justine MacLean, and Rosemary Mulholland. "Physical education within the Scottish context." European Physical Education Review 18, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x12440019.
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In 2010, schools in Scotland implemented a new curriculum, a Curriculum for Excellence, and for physical education (PE), this represented a move from the ‘Expressive Arts’ to ‘Health and Wellbeing’ (HWB). To understand this new position, we explored the thoughts of those who were directly involved in the construction of the policy text for PE within HWB ( n = 10). All of the participants supported the position of PE within HWB, accepting that PE has an important role to play in improving pupils’ health and wellbeing, although there was some concern that teachers might misinterpret the role of PE within HWB. However, all of the participants believed that this new position for PE would encourage other professionals to value PE more highly. We conclude by suggesting that there should be a greater involvement of teachers in the reform process so that future curricular innovations are more closely aligned with the knowledge and practice of teachers. This may enable them to understand policy more clearly and implement policy more effectively.
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Mieloch, Richter, Trzeciak, Giersig, and Rybka. "Osteoarthritis Severely Decreases the Elasticity and Hardness of Knee Joint Cartilage: A Nanoindentation Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111865.
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The nanoindentation method was applied to determine the elastic modulus and hardness of knee articular cartilage. Cartilage samples from both high weight bearing (HWB) and low weight bearing (LWB) femoral condyles were collected from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA). The mean elastic modulus of HWB cartilage was 4.46 ± 4.44 MPa in comparison to that of the LWB region (9.81 ± 8.88 MPa, p < 0.001). Similarly, the hardness was significantly lower in HWB tissue (0.317 ± 0.397 MPa) than in LWB cartilage (0.455 ± 0.434 MPa, p < 0.001). When adjusted to patients’ ages, the mean elastic modulus and hardness were both significantly lower in the age group over 70 years (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference in mechanical parameters was also found in grade 3 and 4 OA. This study provides an insight into the nanomechanical properties of the knee articular cartilage and provides a starting point for personalized cartilage grafts that are compatible with the mechanical properties of the native tissue.
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Woodman, C. R., C. S. Stump, J. A. Stump, L. A. Sebastian, Z. Rahman, and C. M. Tipton. "Influences of chemical sympathectomy and simulated weightlessness on male and female rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.3.1005.
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Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) has been shown to be reduced after periods of simulated weightlessness. To assess the role of the sympathetic nervous system in these reductions, Sprague-Dawley rats were either chemically sympathectomized (SYMX) or injected with saline (SHAM) and assigned to head-down suspension (HDS), horizontal restraint with the hindlimbs weight bearing (HWB), or cage-control (CC) conditions. VO2max, run time (RT), and mechanical efficiency (ME) were measured before suspension and on days 7 and 14. Male and female SHAM HDS groups exhibited reduced measures of VO2max (12–13%) after 7 and 14 days, and this decrease was attenuated in the SYMX and HWB rats. HDS resulted in a significant reduction in RT (9–15%) in both the male and female rats, and ME was significantly reduced after HDS in male and female SYMX and male SHAM rats (23–33%) but not in the female SHAM rats. Lesser reductions in ME were observed in the HWB rats. HDS and HWB were associated with lower body, fat-free, and fat masses, which were similar in male and female rats as well as for the SHAM and SYMX conditions. In a related HDS experiment with normal rats, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were increased by 53 and 42% after 7 days, but only epinephrine returned to baseline after 14 days. It was concluded that chemical sympathectomy and/or a weight-bearing stimulus will attenuate the loss in VO2max associated with simulated weightlessness in rats despite similar changes in body mass and composition. The mechanism(s) remains unclear at this time.
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Smith, Alvy Ray, and Eric Ray Lyons. "HWB—A More Intuitive Hue-Based Color Model." Journal of Graphics Tools 1, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10867651.1996.10487451.
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Shrestha, Luna, Boris Kulig, Roberto Moscetti, Riccardo Massantini, Elke Pawelzik, Oliver Hensel, and Barbara Sturm. "Optimisation of Physical and Chemical Treatments to Control Browning Development and Enzymatic Activity on Fresh-cut Apple Slices." Foods 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010076.
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Optimisation of processing time and pre-treatments are crucial factors prior to apple drying to produce a high-quality product. The purpose of the present study was to test the utility of physical (hot-water, HWB and steam blanching, SB) and chemical (1% ascorbic acid, AA; and 1% citric acid, CA) treatments, alone or in combination in reducing surface discolouration as well as oxidative enzyme activity in apple slices (cv. Golden Delicious and Elstar) exposed to air at room temperature for 0, 30 and 60 min. The total colour change (ΔE) for Golden Delicious was equal to 2.38, 2.68, and 4.05 after 0, 30 and 60 min of air exposure, respectively. Dipping in AA solution (1% w/v) was found to be the best treatment to limit surface discolouration of both apple cultivars. The best heat treatments to inhibit polyphenol oxidase/peroxidase enzymes activity were 70 °C HWB for Golden Delicious and 60 °C HWB for Elstar slices, both in combination with a solution of 1% AA and 1% CA. The tested apple cultivars were found to require different treatments at minimum ambient air exposure to obtain the best surface colour condition.
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Anderson, Austen R., and Blaine J. Fowers. "An exploratory study of friendship characteristics and their relations with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 260–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519861152.
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Friendships are an important source of happiness, well-being, physical health, and longevity. Researchers have often linked unidimensional friendship quality to life satisfaction and positive affect, which are hedonic forms of well-being. Aristotle presented an expanded view of friendship with three general characteristics: Utility, Pleasure, and Virtue. Following his theory, we expected Pleasure and Utility characteristics to be primarily related to hedonic well-being (HWB). In contrast, we expected Virtue characteristics to be more strongly related to eudaimonic well-being (EWB), which includes meaning, personal growth, and positive relationships in this study. This exploratory study assessed Aristotle’s theory about friendship and well-being with 375 participants. Two exploratory structural equation models were tested. There was an indirect relationship between Utility characteristics and HWB through Help Received. A friend’s Virtue characteristics had an indirect relationship with EWB through the reliability of the friendship. These findings indicate that friendship characteristics related to utility and virtue friendships appear to have differential implications for understanding the role of friends in happiness and flourishing.
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Mirza, Somayeh Mirza, and Azadeh Yahya Meymandi. "Evaluation and determination of occupational and environmental exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers based dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction in battery manufacturing factories from Iran." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 4, no. 02 (June 29, 2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v4.i02.143.
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The exposure of lead in workplace air and human workers of battery manufacturing factory was evaluated determined by nanotechnology since 2019-2020. Human whole blood (HWB) for subject and healthy peoples (25-55, Men, 40 N) and workplace air (40N) was prepared based on NIOSH sampling. 10 mL of HWB samples added to 20 mg of mixture ionic liquid/ ligand ([HMIM][PF6]/APDC) modified on graphene oxide nanostructures(GONs) at pH=6. After sonication, the lead ions separated/extracted by dispersive ionic liquid solid phase micro extraction (DIL-SPME) and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). All air samples in workplace were analyzed based on NIOSH process. The results showed us the negative correlation between Pb concentration in human blood subject and healthy peoples (r=0.24). The range concentrations of lead in human subject, healthy peoples and workplace air were obtained 193.4-543.7 µg L-1, 85.6-175.9 µgL-1 and 44.7-81.5 µgm-3, respectively. The LOD, linear rang, enrichment factor(EF) and RSD% were achieved 1.25 µg L-1, 5.0- 310 µg L-1, 19.6 and less than 5% by procedure. The method was validated by standard reference material (SRM), the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and ICP-MS analyzer for human samples.
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Thomas, Malcolm, Barry Rees, Gareth Emyr Evans, Nicola Thomas, Clive Williams, Berian Lewis, Daryl Phillips, et al. "Addysgu y Tu Hwnt i'r Ffiniau: Fframwaith Cysyniadol ac Athroniaeth Ddysgu'r Rhaglen Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon Arloesol yng Nghymru." Cylchgrawn Addysg Cymru / Wales Journal of Education 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 114–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/wje.22.1.6.
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Mae'r papur hwn yn amlinellu datblygiad un rhaglen AGA integredig sy'n arwain at ddau lwybr SAC: Tystysgrif Addysg i Raddedigion Cynradd gyda Chyfoethogi Uwchradd; a Thystysgrif Addysg i Raddedigion Uwchradd gyda Chyfoethogi Cynradd. Mae rhaglen AGA integredig Dysgu Aber+ yn galluogi athrawon i 'addysgu y tu hwnt i'r ffiniau ar gyfer profiad cyfannol'. Mae'r papur yn adolygu fframwaith cysyniadol y rhaglen a'i hathroniaeth ddysgu ac wrth wneud hynny mae'n ystyried yr egwyddorion craidd a ddylanwadodd ar gynllun y rhaglen, fel a ganlyn: Partneriaeth Gynhwysol; Addysgeg Effeithiol; Addysgeg Integredig; Addysgeg Arbenigol ac wedi'i Chyfoethogi; Addysgeg a Rennir ac Adfyfyriol; Diwylliant Ymchwil Gwirioneddol Gydweithredol, Atebolrwydd Democrataidd ac wyth egwyddor yr Athroniaeth Ddysgu. Mae'r papur yn mynd ymlaen i esbonio sut mae'r rhaglen integredig yn cael ei chyflwyno drwy gyfrwng dull hwb clwstwr ar draws 5 rhanbarth hwb yng Nghanolbarth Cymru. Wrth wneud hyn, mae'n amlinellu rôl staff y Brifysgol a Phrif fentoriaid a mentoriaid Ysgolion Partner yn ogystal ag isafswm y gofynion ar gyfer athrawon dan hyfforddiant tra'u bod ar brofiad yn yr ysgol. Mae ystyriaeth hefyd yn cael ei rhoi i ddarpariaeth a chefnogaeth cyfrwng Cymraeg yn ogystal â rôl ganolog ymchwil o fewn y Bartneriaeth AGA gyfan. Mae'r papur yn cloi drwy ystyried beth sy'n arloesol am y rhaglen a'r manteision sy'n dod i'r athrawon dan hyfforddiant wrth ddilyn y rhaglen.
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Zubac, Damir, Drazen Cular, and Uros Marusic. "Reliability of Urinary Dehydration Markers in Elite Youth Boxers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0621.
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Purpose:To determine the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive urinary dehydration markers in field-based settings on a day-to-day basis in elite adolescent amateur boxers.Methods:Sixty-nine urine samples were collected daily from 23 athletes (17.3 ± 1.9 y) during their weight-stable phase and analyzed by field and laboratory measures of hydration status. Urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), total protein content (TPC), and body-mass stability were evaluated to determine fluid balance and hydration status. Overall macronutrient and water intake were determined using dietary records. According to their anthropometric characteristics, athletes were assigned into 2 groups: lightweight (LWB) and heavyweight (HWB) boxers.Results:Data presented on UOSMdemonstrated a uniform increment by 11.2% ± 12.8% (LWB) and 19.9% ± 22.7% (HWB) (P < .001) over the course of the study, even during the weight-stable phase (body mass, ICC = .99) and ad libitum fluid intake (42 ± 4 mL · kg−1 · d−1). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .52 to .55 for USGand .38 to .52 for UOSM, further indicating inconsistency of the urinary dehydration markers. Poor correlations were found between USGand TPCmetabolites (r = .27,P = .211).Conclusions:Urinary dehydration markers (both USGand UOSM) exhibit high variability and seem to be unreliable diagnostic tools to track actual body-weight loss in real-life settings. The ad libitum fluid intake was apparently inadequate to match acute fluid loss during and after intense preparation. The applicability of a single-time-point hydration-status assessment concept may preclude accurate assessment of actual body-weight deficits in youth boxers.
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Kaptein, Allard, Gerjan de Bruin, Maaike Emmelot-van Hoek, Bas van de Kar, Anouk de Jong, Michael Gulrajani, Dennis Demont, Todd Covey, Diana Mittag, and Tjeerd Barf. "Potency and Selectivity of BTK Inhibitors in Clinical Development for B-Cell Malignancies." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-109973.
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Abstract Background: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a validated target for B-cell malignancies. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib was approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Acalabrutinib is a potent, highly selective, covalent BTK inhibitor with minimal off-target activity; it received accelerated FDA approval in October 2017 for the treatment of patients with MCL having ≥1 prior therapy. In addition to the approved covalent BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, clinical data in B-cell malignancies are available for spebrutinib (CC-292), tirabrutinib (ONO/GS-4059) and zanubrutinib (BGB-3111). We performed biochemical and cellular profiling of these 5 BTK inhibitors, investigating potency and selectivity. Methods: Two biochemical kinase assays assessed BTK inhibitor potency, with IC50 determination at a fixed time point (IMAP; Molecular Devices) or over time (LanthaScreen; Invitrogen); the latter was used to calculate binding kinetics. Kinome profiling was performed at a single dose (1 µM) using KINOMEscan (Eurofins DiscoverX). IC50 determinations were made using kinases with a Cys in the same position as the Cys481 residue in BTK, using assays developed in house (using IMAP and LanthaScreen) or at Thermo Fisher Scientific (Z'-LYTE) with IC50 determination at a fixed time point. On-target inhibition of BTK in cellular assays was evaluated using B-cell receptor-mediated activation of CD69 expression on peripheral B cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) or human whole blood (hWB). Off-target inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated in a cellular assay examining the effect of EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation in A431 cells. Off-target inhibition of ITK and/or TXK was evaluated using T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of interleukin-2 expression in Jurkat T cells and CD25 cell surface expression using primary human peripheral T cells. Results: Based on biochemical binding kinetics, ibrutinib and zanubrutinib were the most potent BTK inhibitors (Table 1), followed by spebrutinib; acalabrutinib and tirabrutinib had comparable potency. Differences in potency were largely driven by differences in inactivation rates. However, differences in biochemical potency were lost (in part) in cellular assays using hPBMCs or hWB. EC50 values in hWB were <10 nM for ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib. Spebrutinib had an EC50 of 140 nM in hWB, showing the greatest loss of potency versus biochemical assays and hPBMCs, going to the physiologically most relevant cellular experimental conditions (Table 2). Differences in overall kinase selectivity were observed among the BTK inhibitors (Figure 1; KINOMEscan). Acalabrutinib had the lowest hit rate; 1.5% of human wild-type kinases were inhibited >65% at 1 µM (excluding BTK). Kinase hit rate was also low for tirabrutinb (2.3%), whereas ibrutinib (9.4%), zanubrutinib (4.3%), and spebrutinib (8.3%) had higher hit rates. Acalabrutinib had a high selectivity for BTK over kinases with a Cys in the same position as the Cys481 residue in BTK (Table 2). Similar results were observed for tirabrutinib, whereas ibrutinib, spebrutinib and zanubrutinib were less selective in this panel of kinases with potential for off-target covalent binding by BTK inhibitors (Table 2). Acalabrutinib also had a higher selectivity for BTK over Src-family kinases than the other BTK inhibitors tested. Acalabrutinib and tirabrutinib had EC50 values >10 µM in the cellular assay of off-target inhibition of EGFR; ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, and spebrutinib had EC50 values of 0.07, 0.39, and 4.7 µM, respectively. No off-target inhibition was observed for acalabrutinib or tirabrutinib on TCR-mediated activation of T cells up to 10 µM. Ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, and spebrutinib had EC50 values <1 µM in Jurkat T cells. Similar results were observed in primary human peripheral T cells. Conclusion: BTK inhibitors in clinical development for B-cell malignancies had differing potency in biochemical assays, but these differences were lost (in part) in cellular assays, particularly in hWB. Among the BTK inhibitors tested, the greatest differentiation was observed in kinase selectivity profiles; acalabrutinib and tirabrutinib had the highest kinase selectivity. Disclosures Kaptein: Covaluation Pharma BV: Employment, Equity Ownership; Acerta Pharma BV: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; Apo-T BV: Consultancy. de Bruin:Acerta Pharma: Employment. Emmelot-van Hoek:Acerta Pharma: Employment. van de Kar:Acerta Pharma: Employment. de Jong:Acerta Pharma: Employment. Gulrajani:Acerta Pharma: Employment, Equity Ownership. Demont:Acerta Pharma: Employment. Covey:AstraZeneca: Equity Ownership; Acerta Pharma: Employment. Mittag:Acerta Pharma: Employment, Equity Ownership. Barf:Covaluation Holding BV: Employment, Equity Ownership; Acerta Pharma BV: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Mills, Maura J., Clive J. Fullagar, and Satoris S. Culbertson. "Development and implementation of a multifaceted well-being intervention." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 3, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-02-2016-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement an intervention to increase individuals’ hedonic well-being (HWB) and/or eudaimonic well-being (EWB) via cognitive reframing and action-based behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Time 1 and Time 2 data were collected two weeks apart from 76 participants (comprised of city employees, extension agents, and students) in an intervention group (23) and a characteristically similar control group (53). The intervention included an in-person facilitated meeting with a series of follow-up e-mails designed to focus participants on well-being improvement strategies and provide them resources for continued well-being development. Findings Intervention participants evidenced a significant increase in EWB after two weeks, particularly the personal growth dimension. No significant increase resulted for HWB. Research limitations/implications The present intervention indicates the importance of targeting well-being at a facet level, including a focus on multidimensional EWB. The intervention also serves to guide the informed development of future well-being programs. Practical implications These findings have important implications for organizations in light of increased employee desire for personal and professional growth opportunities supported by their employer. Group interventions such as the one reported herein are an important way for organizations to develop and invest in employees. Originality/value This paper traces the development of prior well-being interventions, evaluating their successes and failures and using those to guide the informed development of the present intervention. By utilizing both in-person and follow-up components, and incorporating both hedonic and multidimensional eudaimonic components, the proposed intervention serves as an important step toward a feasible organizational intervention that can benefit many.
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Kusumawardhani, Nadia Paramitha. "Adapting Sustainable Livelihood Framework for Human Well-Being Assessment in Bantul Regency." KURVATEK 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v4i2.1582.
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There is broad subject that ecosystem service influence human well-being (HWB), however HWB are unmeasurable variable, therefore it still not been integrated fully into ecosystem service assessment and spatial planning document in Indonesia. Provision of sustainable ecosystem services, especially food provisioning, is a challenge for Bantul Regency as it faces huge production deficits because of land conversion and urbanization, therefore, it will threaten the condition of its human well-being. It aims to determine the distribution of human well-being conditions as well as analyzing which capital is the basic capital for human development in Bantul Regency. This study evaluates and maps human well-being by using Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), based on perspective of experts and stakeholders, then analyzed the spatial variation on landscape by mapping the area, and discussed how to achieve human well-being conditions by maximizing services from the ecosystem. Questioners were distributed to stakeholders that involved in development decision making in Bantul regency in Likert scale, then it was analyze to determine the scores of each indicator in every capital. Then regional boundary shapefile analysis in ArcMap was carried out to map the level of conditions of human well-being. Based on the analysis, Human Capital is the largest capital in the people’s welfare of Bantul, the highest condition is located in the Dlingo and Srandakan Districts. However, financial, physical and social capitals are located in the same area, which makes the Banguntapan, Sewon and Bantul Districts have the best human well-being conditions in all of Bantul Regency. This study also found that besides geographical conditions play an important role in producing different types of ecosystem services, social-economic factors is the most important factor in determining the difference in value of each capital in human well-being. Optimizing planning regulation has to consider these spatial patterns.
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Kumari, Rekha. "Effectiveness of Green Cabbage Leaves (GCL) and Hot Water Bag (HWB) Application on Breast Engorgement in Postnatal Mothers." International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 5, no. 1 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-2652.2017.00007.5.
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Kumari, Rekha. "Effectiveness of Green Cabbage Leaves (GCL) Vs Hot water bag (HWB) application on Breast Engorgement in Postnatal Mothers." International Journal of Nursing Education 11, no. 3 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2019.00061.8.
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Wang, Chua-Chin, Zong-You Hou, Deng-Shian Wang, and Chia-Lung Hsieh. "A Single-Ended 28-nm CMOS 6T SRAM Design with Read-assist Path and PDP Reduction Circuitry." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 06 (August 13, 2019): 2050095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500954.
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A single-ended six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell composed of a five-transistor (5T) cell and a read-assist low-[Formula: see text] PMOS as foot switch to prevent leakage damaging the data state is proposed in this work. Besides, a power–delay product (PDP) reduction circuitry design for nanoscale SRAMs is also proposed. The proposed PDP reduction circuitry design is composed of an adaptive voltage detection (AVD) circuit generating a boost-enable signal if the process variation is over a predefined range and a half-period word-line boosting (HWB) circuit responding to the enable signal. The proposed SRAM is implemented using TSMC 28-nm CMOS logic technology. PDP reduction is verified to be 41.73% according to the measurement results. The energy per access is 0.0206 pJ given the 800-mV power supply and 40-MHz system clock rate.
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Perkins, Neil, David J. Hunter, Shelina Visram, Rachael Finn, Jennifer Gosling, Lee Adams, and Amanda Forrest. "Partnership or insanity: why do health partnerships do the same thing over and over again and expect a different result?" Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 25, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819619858374.
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Objectives The paper reports on an empirical study of Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) in England. Established by the Health and Social Care Act 2012, HWBs act as place-based hubs for leaders in health, social care, local government and other sectors to come together to address health improvement and the wider determinants of health. Methods We conducted a three-year study of HWBs (2015–2017) in five localities across England. This involved collecting qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with key actors in the HWBs at strategic and operational levels, and focus group sessions with voluntary-sector participants at each HWB. Results HWBs have largely followed the path of previous partnerships in terms of a lack of clear aims and objectives, lack of ownership and accountability by partners, and an absence of any significant impact on health outcomes. Conclusions Many of the features of unsuccessful partnership working were largely displayed by HWBs. Boards require more executive power and ownership from the bottom up if they are to have any real impact.
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Song, Jiao, Xuejun Liu, Jian Zhu, Mandana Tootoonchi, John M. Keith, Steven P. Meduna, Curt A. Dvorak, et al. "Polypharmacology of Small-Molecule Modulators of the 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Observed via a High-throughput Lipidomics Platform." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 21, no. 2 (October 6, 2015): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057115607815.
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Leukotrienes (LTs) and related species are proinflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) that have pathological roles in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) plays a critical accessory role in the conversion of AA to LTA4, and its subsequent conversion to LTC4 by LTC4 synthase. Pharmacological inhibition of FLAP results in a loss of LT production by preventing the biosynthesis of both LTB4 and LTC4, making it an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which LTs likely play a role. Small-molecule (SM) drugs often exhibit polypharmacology through various pathways, which may explain the differential therapeutic efficacies of compounds sharing structural similarity. We have profiled a series of SM FLAP modulators for their selectivity across enzymes of AA cascade in human whole blood (HWB), using a recently developed LC/MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry)-based high-throughput lipidomics platform that monitors 122 eicosanoids in multiplex. Highly efficient data acquisition coupled with fast and accurate data analysis allowed facile compound profiling from ex vivo study samples. This platform allowed us to quantitatively map the effects of those SMs on the entire AA cascade, demonstrating its potential to discriminate structurally related compounds.
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Rukundo, Olivier, Marius Pedersen, and Øistein Hovde. "Advanced Image Enhancement Method for Distant Vessels and Structures in Capsule Endoscopy." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9813165.
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This paper proposes an advanced method for contrast enhancement of capsule endoscopic images, with the main objective to obtain sufficient information about the vessels and structures in more distant (or darker) parts of capsule endoscopic images. The proposed method (PM) combines two algorithms for the enhancement of darker and brighter areas of capsule endoscopic images, respectively. The half-unit weighted-bilinear algorithm (HWB) proposed in our previous work is used to enhance darker areas according to the darker map content of its HSV’s component V. Enhancement of brighter areas is achieved thanks to the novel threshold weighted-bilinear algorithm (TWB) developed to avoid overexposure and enlargement of specular highlight spots while preserving the hue, in such areas. The TWB performs enhancement operations following a gradual increment of the brightness of the brighter map content of its HSV’s component V. In other words, the TWB decreases its averaged weights as the intensity content of the component V increases. Extensive experimental demonstrations were conducted, and, based on evaluation of the reference and PM enhanced images, a gastroenterologist (Ø.H.) concluded that the PM enhanced images were the best ones based on the information about the vessels, contrast in the images, and the view or visibility of the structures in more distant parts of the capsule endoscopy images.
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Vijay Kumar, Gunti, and Pandu Brahmaji Rao. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENANTHRENE DEGRADATING BACTERIA FROM DAIRY WASTE SAMPLES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12160.
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Phenanthrene is the commonly used hazardous chemical in various industries and the detoxification is a big problem till today. In this study, phenanthrene degrading bacteria were isolated from dairy waste samples, characterized by molecular techniques. A total of 10 samples were collected respectively from different spots of dairy industry. Minimum salt agar medium with phenanthrene composition was used to isolate the pure culture of resistant bacterium. Morphological, biochemical tests were done to identify the phenanthrene degrading bacteria. The colonies of the isolates were circular to irregular in dairy samples. Phenanthrene tolerant bacteria were isolated after the dairy waste soil samples was serially diluted and transferred onto M9 minimal agar medium amended with 10mg/l of phenanthrene. A concentration of 10 mg/l was chosen based on the prevailing concentration. Four Phenanthrene tolerant bacteria from dairy waste (HW2, HW1, HW3, HW5) were isolated. From the biochemical and 16srRNA PCR amplification, the bacterium identified was Micrococcus leuteus. The resistance to Phenanthrene by the isolate was tested with various concentrations of Phenanthrene from 0 to 10mM. The Micrococcus luteus showed a MTC value of 28Cfu/ml at 8mM and Bacillus cereus showed least.
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Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu, Muhammad Adani Akbar, Dwi Ayuni, and Nursigit Bintoro. "PRA-PERLAKUAN BLANSING PADA PENGERINGAN TIPE BEKU (FREEZE DRYING) UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN KUALITAS PETAI (Parkia speciosa)." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v9i1.245.
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Petai (Parkia speciosa) merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang memiliki ciri khas rasa yang unik serta nutrisi yang melimpah. Karakteristik tersebut membuat petai berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi sayuran eksotis dengan sasaran pasar nasional maupun internasional. Meskipun begitu, seperti halnya sayuran lain, kualitas petai sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan. Salah satu solusi untuk penyimpanan petai adalah dengan proses pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pra-perlakuan blansing terhadap kualitas fisik petai hasil pengeringan tipe beku (freeze-drying). Dua variasi jenis blansing, yaitu blansing dengan air panas (HWB) dan blansing dengan uap panas (SB) dilakukan sebelum proses pengeringan. Selain itu, pengeringan tipe cabinet juga dilakukan sebagai pembandingan. Kualitas yang diukur pada penelitian ini meliputi karakteristik pengeringan, kadar air, susut bobot, shrinkage ratio, kekerasan bahan, warna, dan kandungan klorofil. Pengering beku yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah pengering hasil rancangan sendiri yang berdimensi total 0,5 x 0,7 x 1,0 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik penurunan kadar air pada proses pengeringan beku untuk petai secara baik dideskripsikan dengan model kinetika orde satu (R2 > 0,95; RMSE < 0,1). Kadar air akhir terendah didapatkan dari pengeringan beku, dengan rentang kadar air 2 – 3 % w.b. Pengeringan beku dapat mengurangi resiko discoloration pada petai, dibandingkan dengan pengering tipe cabinet. Pra-perlakuan blansing terbukti dapat membantu meningkatkan laju pengeringan sehingga pengeringan berlangsung lebih cepat, dan kandungan klorofil didalam petai dapat terjaga lebih baik.
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Peasgood, Tessa, Clara Mukuria, Jill Carlton, Janice Connell, Nancy Devlin, Karen Jones, Rosemary Lovett, et al. "What is the best approach to adopt for identifying the domains for a new measure of health, social care and carer-related quality of life to measure quality-adjusted life years? Application to the development of the EQ-HWB?" European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 7 (April 28, 2021): 1067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01306-z.
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AbstractEconomic evaluation combines costs and benefits to support decision-making when assessing new interventions using preference-based measures to measure and value benefits in health or health-related quality of life. These health-focused instruments have limited ability to capture wider impacts on informal carers or outcomes in other sectors such as social care. Sector-specific instruments can be used but this is problematic when the impact of an intervention straddles different sectors.An alternative approach is to develop a generic preference-based measure that is sufficiently broad to capture important cross-sector outcomes. We consider the options for the selection of domains for a cross-sector generic measure including how to identify domains, who should provide information on the domains and how this should be framed. Beyond domain identification, considerations of criteria and stakeholder needs are also identified.This paper sets out the case for an approach that relies on the voice of patients, social care users and informal carers as the main source of domains and describes how the approach was operationalised in the ‘Extending the QALY’ project which developed the new measure, the EQ-HWB (EQ health and wellbeing instrument). We conclude by discussing the strengths and limitations of this approach. The new measure should be sufficiently generic to be used to consistently evaluate health and social care interventions, yet also sensitive enough to pick up important changes in quality of life in patients, social care users and carers.
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Evans, M. G., and S. D. Sleight. "Effects of Simultaneous Dietary Exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexabromobiphenyl and 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl on Hepatic Tumor Promotion in Rats." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 6 (November 1989): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018078.
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Female Sprague-Dawley rats were partially hepatectomized, initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and fed diets containing 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (245-HBB), 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (345-HCB), or combinations of 245-HBB and 345-HCB to determine the tumor-promoting ability of these compounds in a two-stage (initiation/promotion) hepatocar-cinogenesis system. Tumor-promoting ability was assessed by measuring hepatic foci positive for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. Concentrations of 10 or 100 mg 245-HBB/kg of diet caused significantly increased numbers of GGT-positive hepatic foci. When 245-HBB and 345-HCB were fed simultaneously, an additive effect on tumor-promoting ability was observed at dietary concentrations of 10 mg/kg 245-HBB and 0.1 mg/kg 345-HCB. However, an inhibitory effect on tumor promotion occurred when dietary concentrations of 100 mg/kg 245-HBB and 1.0 mg/kg 345-HCB were fed simultaneously. These results suggest that the tumor-promoting ability of simultaneous exposure to 245-HBB and 345-HCB can be additive or inhibitory depending upon the concentration of each congener in the diet.
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Ong, Han B., Natasha Sienkiewicz, Susan Wyllie, and Alan H. Fairlamb. "Dissecting the Metabolic Roles of Pteridine Reductase 1 in Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 12 (January 14, 2011): 10429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.209593.
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Leishmania parasites are pteridine auxotrophs that use an NADPH-dependent pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and NADH-dependent quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) to salvage and maintain intracellular pools of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B). However, the African trypanosome lacks a credible candidate QDPR in its genome despite maintaining apparent QDPR activity. Here we provide evidence that the NADH-dependent activity previously reported by others is an assay artifact. Using an HPLC-based enzyme assay, we demonstrate that there is an NADPH-dependent QDPR activity associated with both TbPTR1 and LmPTR1. The kinetic properties of recombinant PTR1s are reported at physiological pH and ionic strength and compared with LmQDPR. Specificity constants (kcat/Km) for LmPTR1 are similar with dihydrobiopterin (H2B) and quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2B) as substrates and about 20-fold lower than LmQDPR with qH2B. In contrast, TbPTR1 shows a 10-fold higher kcat/Km for H2B over qH2B. Analysis of Trypanosoma brucei isolated from infected rats revealed that H4B (430 nm, 98% of total biopterin) was the predominant intracellular pterin, consistent with a dual role in the salvage and regeneration of H4B. Gene knock-out experiments confirmed this: PTR1-nulls could only be obtained from lines overexpressing LmQDPR with H4B as a medium supplement. These cells grew normally with H4B, which spontaneously oxidizes to qH2B, but were unable to survive in the absence of pterin or with either biopterin or H2B in the medium. These findings establish that PTR1 has an essential and dual role in pterin metabolism in African trypanosomes and underline its potential as a drug target.
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Khadka, Janardan, Anat Pesok, and Gideon Grafi. "Plant Histone HTB (H2B) Variants in Regulating Chromatin Structure and Function." Plants 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111435.
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Besides chemical modification of histone proteins, chromatin dynamics can be modulated by histone variants. Most organisms possess multiple genes encoding for core histone proteins, which are highly similar in amino acid sequence. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 11 genes encoding for histone H2B (HTBs), 13 for H2A (HTAs), 15 for H3 (HTRs), and 8 genes encoding for histone H4 (HFOs). The finding that histone variants may be expressed in specific tissues and/or during specific developmental stages, often displaying specific nuclear localization and involvement in specific nuclear processes suggests that histone variants have evolved to carry out specific functions in regulating chromatin structure and function and might be important for better understanding of growth and development and particularly the response to stress. In this review, we will elaborate on a group of core histone proteins in Arabidopsis, namely histone H2B, summarize existing data, and illuminate the potential function of H2B variants in regulating chromatin structure and function in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Lang, Abigail T., Stephen Johnson, Mollie Sturm, and Sarah H. O'Brien. "Iron Deficiency without Anemia: A Common Yet Under-Recognized Diagnosis in Young Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3510.3510.
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Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in adolescents both with and without underlying bleeding disorders. As such, the Centers for Disease Control recommends screening young women with HMB for iron deficiency anemia annually. However, iron deficiency, even without anemia, is also associated with a variety of physical symptoms, including fatigue and decreased tolerance for exercise, as well as neuropsychological sequelae such as irritability, apathy, depressive symptoms, and decreased cognitive function and quality of life. Screening for iron deficiency is routinely tested in the primary care setting with point of care hemoglobin (Hgb) or complete blood count (CBC). However, these tests are unable to identify iron deficiency without anemia. Objectives Given the commonality of iron deficiency without anemia in adolescent females, the primary objective of this study was to determine the percentage of iron deficiency that would have been missed by screening with 1) Hgb or 2) CBC testing with MCV, as compared to performing screening ferritin levels, in a population of young women with HMB. Additionally, we examined potential risk factors contributing to iron deficiency, including age at diagnosis of HMB, presence of an underlying bleeding disorder, body mass index (BMI), and household income. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for 114 adolescent females ages 9-19 years referred as new patients to the Young Women’s Hematology Clinic at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, for evaluation of HMB. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not have a CBC and ferritin drawn on the same day or within the preceding month and those patients with histories of prior transfusions, thrombocytopenia, or hemoglobinopathies. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin <20 ng/mL, anemia as hemoglobin <12 g/dL, and microcytosis as MCV <80. Results The mean age of patients at evaluation for HMB was 14.3 (SD = 2.0) years of age, and 80 (70.2%) were ultimately diagnosed with an underlying bleeding disorder. Fifty-eight (50.9%) patients had ferritin levels indicating iron deficiency, twenty-nine (25.4%) patients were anemic, and 26 (23.9%) patients had microcytic MCV levels. To compare the sensitivities of a Hb vs. full CBC in detecting iron deficiency, only iron deficient patients with full CBC testing results (including an MCV) were included in the analysis (n=54). Of these 54 patients, Hgb correctly identified 42.6% (n=23) of iron-deficient patients vs. 46.3% (n=25) that were correctly identified with CBC (which could show either low hemoglobin and/or microcytosis). Though the CBC captured an additional 2 patients, this was not a statistically significant difference (p=0.5). Patients had significantly higher odds of having iron deficiency if they were overweight or obese [2.81, 95% CI: (1.25, 6.29)] when compared to patients with normal BMIs. Age at evaluation of HMB, the presence of an underlying bleeding disorder, and median household income were not significantly associated with iron deficiency. Discussion Iron deficiency with and without anemia remains a common yet treatable condition in adolescent females with HMB. Iron deficiency with and without anemia was found commonly in our patient population. Our study shows that screening Hgb or CBC alone may miss over half of patients with iron deficiency. We recommend serum ferritin in addition to Hgb as a screening tool for iron deficiency in adolescent females with HMB. Additionally, a higher index of suspicion for iron deficiency should be noted in adolescent females with an increased BMI. Primary care and specialty physicians caring for young women need to be aware that iron deficiency without anemia can lead to clinical symptoms and that adolescent females with HMB are at high risk for iron deficiency. Improved screening strategies will allow for earlier implementation of iron therapy and improvement of symptoms. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Stewart, Jill, and Surindar Dhesi. "Affordable warmth: housing strategies for older people." Housing, Care and Support 19, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-07-2015-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consolidate policy, research, evidence and good practice around strategies tackling fuel poverty and affordable warmth for older people aged over 60 to support the development of more effective services for this life course stage and to tackle physical and mental health inequalities. Design/methodology/approach – The authors consolidate current policy, research, evidence and examples of good practice in exploring effective interprofessional approaches that contribute to affordable warmth for older people through “desktop analysis”. The authors support this with qualitative data from Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs), health inequalities and environmental health from research comprising four longitudinal case studies in the Midlands and North of England over 18 months and semi-structured interviews with members and support officers. A total of 50 interviews were undertaken and 55 hours of HWB meetings observed. Findings – There are numerous older people living in fuel poverty. The depth of fuel poverty increases with age particularly the over 75s and physical and mental ill health are affected. There are an increasing number of tools to help estimate health care costs around the cost effectiveness of interventions and there is a real need for more local evidence about what is working well, how and why. However, there is no mandatory requirement for fuel poverty strategies and more creative local strategies are required taking organisational and interprofessional relationships into account. The emphasis in integrated care provides new impetus and scope to encourage preventative services but these new partnerships need to be effective in what is a complex policy environment. There is still a long way to go in places. The challenges of ageing are numerous, complex and not fully understood and sit across multiple policy areas. Originality/value – Fuel poverty strategies tend to be delivered on a geographical or income bases rather than by life course approach and a focus on older people. We need to focus more specifically on older people, a rapidly growing population and to better understand thermal properties of our ageing housing stock and how best to intervene to protect and improve health and safety. Emerging approaches need to overcome artificial statutory and non statutory divides and move towards sustainable, evidence based affordable warmth strategies for older people to protect and improve health.
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Pichardo, E. M., D. R. Jeyarajah, and E. Hagopian. "Ultrasound in HBB surgery – the current state of training in hpb fellowship programs." HPB 18 (April 2016): e144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2016.02.340.
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Yamaguchi, Yukihiko, Masahide Kawano, and Ryo Tatsukawa. "Tissue distribution and excretion of hexabromobenzene (HBB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) administered to rats." Chemosphere 15, no. 4 (January 1986): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(86)90539-4.
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Paudyal, Krishna Prasad. "Technological Advances in Huanglongbing (HLB) or Citrus Greening Disease Management." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 1 (September 20, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v1i0.15735.
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Huanglongbing (HLB), previously citrus greening disease, is the most destructive of citrus species causing major threat to the world citrus industry. The disease was reported from China in 1919 and now known to occur in more than 40 different countries of Asia, Africa, South and North America. Three species of gram negative bacterium namely Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus are the casual organisms of HLB, respectively prevailing in the continent of Asia, Africa and South America. It is one of the most extensively researched subjects in citriculture world. HLB was detected in 2004 and 2005, respectively in San Paulo of Brazil and Florida of USA: the two leading citrus production hub of the world causing huge economic loss within 5 years of first detection. Since then research on HLB detection and management was further accelerated in American continents. This paper presents the scientific advancement made on detection, spread, economic losses caused by HLB in different parts of the world and controlling management strategies. Remarkable achievements have been made on HLB detection techniques including iodine test, qPCR and more recently in spectroscopy. While efforts are being made to develop resistance varieties using conventional and biotechnological tools management strategy which includes reduction of inoculums source, vector control and replant with disease-free planting materials still remains major option for HLB control. Citrus intercropping with guava have shown promising results for vector reduction.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015, pp.41-50
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Plešek, Jaromír, Tomáš Jelínek, Stanislav Heřmánek, and Bohumil Štíbr. "Synthesis and reactions of 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1-yl tetrahydroborate(1-)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 1 (1986): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860081.
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Preparation of the [1-H3B-1,2-C2B10H11]- anion in various ways is reported. The species is a substituted derivative of the [BH4]- anion and can be employed for obtaining a family of the 1-L-H2B-1,2-C2B10H11 (L = (CH3)2S, C5H5N, (CH3)3N, and (C2H5)3N base adducts. Constitution of all compounds isolated was established primarily on the basis of their 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectra.
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Rogers, Zora R., Renee R. Rees, Winfred C. Wang, Daner Li, Rathi V. Iyer, Sohail Rana, Julio C. Barredo, et al. "Evaluation of Splenic Function in Infants with Sickle Cell Anemia in the BABY HUG Trial." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3587.3587.
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Abstract Organ damage in children with sickle cell anemia [SCA] begins with the spleen. Hydroxyurea [HU] decreases clinical complications and mortality in severely affected adults with SCA, and has proven hematologic benefits in children. To critically assess the efficacy of HU in preventing chronic organ damage, the Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial [BABY HUG], an NHLBI sponsored double-blinded placebo-controlled multi-center trial, was initiated. One objective of the Feasibility and Safety Pilot is to evaluate novel strategies for assessment of splenic function in young children with SCA. To date 23 subjects (13 male; median age 12.9 mos, range 10.3–17.6 mos) have been recruited without regard to disease severity. Pretreatment spleen function determined by Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen [LS] scan was compared to pocked erythrocyte [PIT] counts and flow cytometric quantitation of Howell-Jolly Bodies [HJB]. Results were correlated with total [Hgb] and % fetal [HbF] hemoglobin, white blood cell [WBC] and platelet [PLT] counts. Splenic uptake of Tc-99m was qualitatively graded as normal, decreased, or absent by two nuclear medicine physicians. Of 17 LS scans reviewed 3 had normal (mean age 12.2 mos) and 14 decreased (mean age 14.6 mos) spleen function. LS scans were also imaged quantitatively by determining the geometric mean total counts over the spleen. Although there was a trend for qualitative LS scan results to discriminate splenic function among patients (p=.08), quantitative spleen counts demonstrated a stronger relationship between lower uptake and reduced splenic function. A logarithmic transformation was applied to each measure (except age) to improve linearity with other variables and stabilize the variance of the transformed data. PIT counts (p<.0001) and WBC counts (p=.023) were significantly linearly associated with age. Age was inversely related to Hgb (p=.005) and %HbF (p=.009), but not associated with PLT (p=.54) or HJB (p=.38). Quantitative spleen counts were related inversely to age (p<.01), PIT counts (p=.02), and WBC (p=.026); linearly to %HbF (p=.0003) and Hgb (p=.04); and had no relationship with HJB (p=.39) or PLT (p=.68). In multivariate analysis with age and PIT counts, the decline in spleen counts had the strongest association with %HbF (p=.006). A PIT count of 3.5%, which classically divides normal from decreased spleen function, separated spleen counts into significantly different groups (p<.001). No similar relationship existed for HbF 25% (p=.059), Hgb 8 g/dl (p=.15), or HJB 300/million rbc (p=.28). These preliminary data indicate that the decline of splenic function with age in young children with SCA can be effectively assessed by multiple techniques in a multi-center study. Compared to the traditional qualitative assessment, quantitative evaluation of the LS scan will allow more informative gradation of the decline in splenic function for the BABY HUG study. Surrogate measures such as PIT counts and %HbF are associated with LS scan results, and may prove to be informative non-invasive markers predictive of splenic function.
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Kelemen, Laszlo, and Jozsef Szente. "Two Mathematical Models for Generation of Crowned Tooth Surface." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641091.
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Gear couplings are mechanical components to connect shaft ends and eliminate the misalignments. The most important element of the gear coupling is the hub which is an external gear having crowned teeth. The crowned teeth on the hub are typically produced by hobbing. The resulting tooth surface depends on several parameters. It is influenced by the size of the hob and the feed. In this paper two mathematical models of the crowned tooth surface are introduced for the generation of the idealized tooth surfaces. These are the profile-shifting and the two-parameter enveloping methods. Our aim is to compare the obtained crowned tooth profiles for the two examined models and to investigate the results. From our numerical results, it was found that the two profiles show indistinguishable differences.
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Wang, Zhe, Wen Yu Zhao, Li Wei Xu, and Qi Mu. "Analysis of Genotoxicity and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Aniline Industrial Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.472.
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Effluent of aniline wastewater treatment from a company was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption method into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet-visible (UV) and genotoxicity of each fractions were determined. The results showed that hydrophobic matter is the main fractions of DOC and makes the main contributions to the genotoxicity of effluent of aniline wastewater treatment.
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Lalisang, Toar Jean Maurice, Yarman Mazni, and Sahat Matondang. "A “Hub and Spoke” Model for Pancreaticoduodenectomy across the Indonesian Archipelago." Indonesian Journal of Cancer 13, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v13i2.640.
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Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with major morbidity and mortality especially in low volume centers. A centralized model is not suitable for Indonesia, due to its geographical characteristics and the underlying structure of its health funding. As an alternative, an outreach program was developed and delivered by a dedicated hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) team. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of such approach. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy by a single HPB team was performed. A “hub and spoke” model /decentralization strategy was used to deliver the care between a tertiary center and eight peripheral centers. Patient demographics, system measures, and outcomes were collected. Results: A total of 213 patients were identified as undergoing a resection within the period of 1993–2017. A total of 47 resections (22%) were performed at a peripheral center. The median age was 51 years and 91(46%) of patients had ampullary carcinoma. The perioperative mortality was 17% but improved over time. Only 19/198 (9.5%) patients with the malignant disease received adjuvant therapy. The median (95%CI) survival for patients with pancreatic and ampullary cancer was 12 (9-15) and 24 (14-34) months respectively. Conclusions: A hub and spoke model as a decentralization strategy for managing patients with peri-ampullary tumors can lead to an improvement in access and outcomes. However further work is required if they are to achieve outcomes achieved by international high-volume centers within centralization programs.
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Zaman, Syed, Tariq Jalees, Yushi Jiang, and Syed Kazmi. "Testing and incorporating additional determinants of ethics in counterfeiting luxury research according to the theory of planned behavior." Psihologija 51, no. 2 (2018): 163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi170211014z.
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Counterfeiting is a worldwide issue. In order to resolve the counterfeiting problem, a new holistic model is developed containing 17 constructs. This empirically tested model is grounded on Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The valid sample size for the study is 907 with a response rate of 95%. After preliminary analysis, the model is developed and tested in two stages. Initially, of each construct, CFA is tested followed by testing of the overall model. The model (H1) developed and empirically tested, adequately explains consumer attitude and behaviour. Attitude (H5) is the strongest predictor of purchase intention. Additionally, moral orientation (H4) is the strongest predictor of attitude, followed by personal orientation (H3) and social orientation (H2). In the case of sub-factors of social orientation, individualism (H2D) is the strongest predictor of attitude followed by informative (H2B) and collectivism (H2C). Normative (H2D) is not tested and dropped while fitting into the model. On the other hand, in the case of personal orientation, perceived risk (H3C) has no effect on attitude. Whereas personal gratification (H3E) has the strongest effect on attitude followed by materialism (H3D), status consumption (H3A) and value consciousness (H3B). Similarly, In the case of moral orientation (H4B) only Relativism is validated. The other three hypotheses on idealism (H4A) religiosity (H4C) and ethics (H4D) though having significant effects are rejected as all of these effects are positive as compared to what is hypothesised. It is also found that effect of attitude towards purchase is universal and does not vary from one product category to other. However, the rest of subfactors effects differ from one culture to other and from one product to another.
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Patin, Nastassia V., Emily Brown, Gabriella Chebli, Claire Garfield, Julia Kubanek, and Frank J. Stewart. "Microbial and chemical dynamics of a toxic dinoflagellate bloom." PeerJ 8 (July 21, 2020): e9493. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9493.
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Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) exert considerable ecological and economic damage and are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide. However, the biological factors underlying HABs remain uncertain. Relationships between algae and bacteria may contribute to bloom formation, strength, and duration. We investigated the microbial communities and metabolomes associated with a HAB of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis off the west coast of Florida in June 2018. Microbial communities and intracellular metabolite pools differed based on both bacterial lifestyle and bloom level, suggesting a complex role for blooms in reshaping microbial processes. Network analysis identified K. brevis as an ecological hub in the planktonic ecosystem, with significant connections to diverse microbial taxa. These included four flavobacteria and one sequence variant unidentified past the domain level, suggesting uncharacterized diversity in phytoplankton-associated microbial communities. Additionally, intracellular metabolomic analyses associated high K. brevis levels with higher levels of aromatic compounds and lipids. These findings reveal water column microbial and chemical characteristics with potentially important implications for understanding HAB onset and duration.
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Et al., Bazla Mukhtar. "Cognitive Age and Consumption Pattern among Aging Population - Moderating Impact of Self Confidence and Social Involvement." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1041.
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Pakistan has become one of the exciting markets for marketers due to the paradigm shift of the market, reduced regulation, and privatization of several enterprises. Despite several research studies on consumer behaviors, few researchers have studied the change in elderly consumers' choices and their behavior in the rapidly changing market. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of cognitive age on loyalty proneness, status consumption, and materialism level for Pakistani elders. It evaluates if social involvement and self-confidence can moderate these relationships. Elderly consumers residing in Karachi were the target population for carrying out data collection. The complete data collection process took 25 days, with completion of 710 questionnaires, out of which 676 were deemed reliable for this research study. The study results indicated that the Pakistani elderly with a younger cognitive age appear to be more materialistic and more driven to status consumption or vice versa. The results of the study did not indicate any significant relationship between loyalty proneness and cognitive age. The moderating influence of self-confidence for H1a (Materialism) and H3a (Loyalty to brand or product) in elderly consumers is significant.
On the contrary, H2a (Status Consumption) was rejected, as self-confidence does not act as a moderator. For the hypotheses H1b Materialism), H2b (Status Consumption), and H3b (Social Involvement with Loyalty to brand or product), the moderating influence produced by social involvement in the case of senior consumers are found to be significant. This research has provided a more significant contribution to ever-needed research in the Pakistani market, considering its market size and significance. This research will be a better contribution to the present literature. It can be useful to marketers as it provides valuable insights related to the seniors' consumption experience in the Pakistani market.
Keywords: Cognitive Age, Materialism, Loyalty Proneness, Elderly, Consumers, Senior Market
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Huang, Quan Hua, Xing Yu Lin, Zhi-xing Yang, Ke-feng Lu, and Xian-kang Hu. "Productivity Testing and Analysis of Low Permeability and Thick Layer of N Gas Field." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021302002.
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For a better guidance of production, a combination of drill stem testing (DST), regional statistical method and pseudo steady-state seepage theory model was used to analyze the productivity of N gas reservoir in light of the complex geological features of the low-permeability thick-layer. Firstly, the DST method was used to test the N gas reservoir. And then the binomial pseudo-pressure method, binomial pressure square method and exponential method were used to interpret the test data of DST of this formation. Finally, the binomial pseudo-pressure interpretation method was used and the results showed that only the productivity of H3b layer was successfully tested of the four. The H3a, H4b and H5a layers are ultra-low pore and permeability gas reservoirs and the productivity of these layers can’t be explained by the available data due to the short testing time and a non-stationary state of testing pressure and quantity, resulting in the failure of the test. The productivity of the main layers were estimated and forecasted by the regional statistical method and the theoretical model of pseudo steady-state seepage, taking the arithmetic average value of the regional statistical method and the theoretical formula as the final value of absolute open flow rates(AOF). The final calculation results are as follows: the AOF of main gas layers H3a, H3b, H4b and H5a in N gas field is 31.30×104m3/d, 388.92×104m3/d, 20.82×104m3/d and 30.80×104m3/d, respectively. This method may sheds light on verifying and calculating the productivity of gas wells and determining the reasonable production allocation of gas wells.
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Liu, Longjun, Chao Li, Hongbin Sun, Yang Hu, Juncheng Gu, Tao Li, Jingmin Xin, and Nanning Zheng. "HEB." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 43, no. 3S (January 4, 2016): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2872887.2750384.
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Yamamoto, Yuta, Takashi Ueyama, Takao Ito, and Yoshihiro Tsuruo. "Downregulation of growth hormone 1 gene in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of rats with depressive-like behavior." Physiological Genomics 47, no. 5 (May 2015): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2014.
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Depressive-like behaviors in animals are usually assessed by standardized behavioral tests such as the forced swimming test (FST). However, individual variation in test performance may obscure group differences and thereby hinder the discovery of genes responsible for depression. Few reports have shown the influence of individual variability in identifying the genes associated with depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we conducted microarray analysis to identify genes differentially expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum of rats stratified by FST immobility ratio (% immobility in 5 min) into a control group [immobility ratio: −1 to +1 standard deviation (SD) from the mean] and a depressive group (immobility ratio: +1 to +2 SDs above the mean). Genes differentially expressed in both the cerebellum and PFC of the depressive group were Alas2, Gh1, Hba-a2, Hbb, Hbb-b1, Hbe2, LOC689064, Mrps10, Mybpc, Olf6415, and Pfkb1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified Gh1 as a hub gene in the networks of differentially expressed genes in both brain regions. This study indicates that the depressive-like behavior may be related to the decrease of Gh1 expression in the cerebellum and PFC.
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Raine, Gary, Sian Thomas, Mark Rodgers, Kath Wright, and Alison Eastwood. "Workplace-based interventions to promote healthy lifestyles in the NHS workforce: a rapid scoping and evidence map." Health Services and Delivery Research 8, no. 18 (April 2020): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08180.
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Background The health and well-being of staff working in the NHS is a significant issue for UK health care. We sought to identify research relevant to the promotion of healthy lifestyles among NHS staff on behalf of NHS England. Objectives To map existing reviews on workplace-based interventions to promote health and well-being, and to assess the scope for further evidence synthesis work. Design Rapid and responsive scoping search and evidence map. Participants Adult employees in any occupational setting and in any role. Interventions Any intervention aimed at promoting or maintaining physical or mental health and well-being. Early intervention initiatives and those addressing violence against staff, workplace bullying or harassment were also included. Main outcome measures Any outcome related to the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness or implementation of interventions. Data sources A scoping search of nine databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews on health and well-being at work. Searches were limited by publication date (2000 to January/February 2019). Review methods The titles and abstracts of over 8241 records were screened and a total of 408 potentially relevant publications were identified. Information on key characteristics were extracted from the titles and abstracts of all potentially relevant publications. Descriptive statistics (counts and percentages) for key characteristics were generated and data from reviews and ‘reviews of reviews’ were used to produce the evidence map. Results Evidence related to a broad range of physical and mental health issues was identified across 12 ‘reviews of reviews’ and 312 other reviews, including 16 Cochrane reviews. There also exists National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance addressing multiple issues of potential relevance. A large number of reviews focused on mental health, changing lifestyle behaviour, such as physical activity, or on general workplace health/health promotion. Most of the reviews that focused only on health-care staff addressed mental health issues, and stress/burnout in particular. Limitations The scoping search process was extensive and clearly effective at identifying relevant publications, but the strategy used may not have identified every potentially relevant review. Owing to the large number of potentially relevant reviews identified from the scoping search, it was necessary to produce the evidence map using information from the titles and abstracts of reviews only. Conclusions It is doubtful that further evidence synthesis work at this stage would generate substantial new knowledge, particularly within the context of the NHS Health and Wellbeing Framework[NHS England. Workforce Health and Wellbeing Framework. 2018. URL: www.nhsemployers.org/-/media/Employers/Publications/Health-and-wellbeing/NHS-Workforce-HWB-Framework_updated-July-18.pdf (accessed 10 January 2019)] published in 2018. Additional synthesis work may be useful if it addressed an identifiable need and it was possible to identify one of the following: (1) a specific and focused research question arising from the current evidence map; it may then be appropriate to focus on a smaller number of reviews only, and provide a more thorough and critical assessment of the available evidence; and (2) a specific gap in the literature (i.e. an issue not already addressed by existing reviews or guidance); it may then be possible to undertake further literature searching and conduct a new evidence review. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 18. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Sirota, Warren. "The Hub: The Hub Computer Network Music." Computer Music Journal 15, no. 2 (1991): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3680921.
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